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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 15 Iu Flex....................................................................................................................... 15-1
15.1 Introduction to Iu Flex.................................................................................................... 15-1
15.1.1 Definition............................................................................................................. 15-1
15.1.2 Purposes............................................................................................................ 15-1
15.1.3 Benefits............................................................................................................... 15-1
15.1.4 Terms and Abbreviations....................................................................................15-2
15.2 Availability..................................................................................................................... 15-3
15.2.1 Network Element Involved..................................................................................15-3
15.2.2 Software Release............................................................................................... 15-3
15.2.3 Miscellaneous..................................................................................................... 15-4
15.3 Impact........................................................................................................................... 15-4
15.3.1 On the System Performance..............................................................................15-4
15.3.2 On Other Features.............................................................................................. 15-4
15.4 Technical Description.................................................................................................... 15-4
15.4.1 Iu Flex Configuration Model................................................................................15-4
15.4.2 Pool Area............................................................................................................ 15-4
15.4.3 NRI..................................................................................................................... 15-6
15.4.4 NNSF.................................................................................................................. 15-7
15.4.5 Load Balancing and Flow Control.....................................................................15-11
15.4.6 Support of the RNC on the Iu Flex....................................................................15-12
15.4.7 Impact on Signaling Procedures.......................................................................15-12
15.5 Capabilities................................................................................................................. 15-13
15.6 Implementation........................................................................................................... 15-13
15.6.1 Enabling Iu Flex................................................................................................ 15-13
15.6.2 Reconfiguring Iu Flex Parameters....................................................................15-15
15.6.3 Disabling Iu Flex............................................................................................... 15-15
15.7 Maintenance Information.............................................................................................15-16
15.7.1 MML Commands Related to Iu Flex.................................................................15-16
15.7.2 Alarms............................................................................................................... 15-16
15.7.3 Counters........................................................................................................... 15-16
15.8 References.................................................................................................................. 15-17
List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 15-1 Iu Flex function diagram..................................................................................15-1
Figure 15-2 Iu Flex configuration model..............................................................................15-4
Figure 15-3 Pool area configuration example.....................................................................15-5
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 15-1 NEs required for Iu Flex.....................................................................................15-3
Table 15-2 Data negotiated for the Iu Flex........................................................................15-14
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
15.1 Introduction to Iu Flex
15.1.1 Definition
The Iu Flex enables the connection of one node on the Radio Access Network (RAN)
to multiple nodes on the Core Network (CN) and the collection of one or more RAN
nodes into a pool area, as shown in Figure 1.1. In the same pool area, a UE roams
without need to change the serving CN node.
CS1
PS1
CS2
PS2
CS3
PS3
RNC
NodeB
Pool Area
NRI
NNSF
15.1.2 Purposes
Before Iu Flex is introduced, one RAN node can be connected to only one CN node.
This brings a lot of inconvenience to network construction, for example, the
unbalanced signaling load on CN nodes. The load on some CN nodes is light, which
leads to low hardware usage, while the load on some other CN nodes is heavy, which
causes the CPU to work busily.
15.1.3 Benefits
The Iu Flex brings the following benefits:
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
In conclusion, the Iu Flex greatly enhances the serviceability of the whole network.
Description
Iu Flex
CN node
Node of the CN
II. Abbreviation
Abbreviation
Full Spelling
3GPP
BAM
CN
Core Network
CS
Circuit Switched
FTP
HLR
IDNNS
IE
Information Element
IMEI
IMSI
LA
Location Area
LAI
LMT
MCC
MML
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
Abbreviation
Full Spelling
MNC
MSC
NAS
Non-Access Stratum
NE
Network Element
NNSF
NRI
OMC
PLMN
PS
Packet Switched
P-TMSI
RA
Routing Area
RAI
RAN
RANAP
RNC
RRC
SGSN
SIM
TMSI
UE
User Equipment
USIM
15.2 Availability
15.2.1 Network Element Involved
Table 1.1 describes the NEs involved with the Iu Flex feature.
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
NodeB
RNC
MSC Server
MGW
SGSN
GGSN
Note:
: not required
: required
15.2.3 Miscellaneous
None.
15.3 Impact
15.3.1 On the System Performance
None.
HLR
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
RNC
RadioClass
GlobalParaClass
OtherClass
IUFLEX .Class
NRIGLBCNIDMAP .Class
IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP .Class
I. Characteristics
The pool area has the following characteristics:
A pool area is served by one or more CN nodes in parallel that share the traffic of
this area between each other.
The pool areas may overlap. The RAN node belongs to all the overlapping pool
areas.
In one pool area, the UE roams without need to change the serving CN node.
The pool areas of the CS domain and of the PS domain are configured
independently.
II. Implementation
Within a pool area, a UE is served by a specific CN node, as shown in Figure 1.1.
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
MSC 3
MSC 2
MSC 1
MSC 6
MSC 5
MSC 4
MSC 7
CS pool-area 2
CS pool-area 1
RAN
node
RAN
node
Area 1
Area 2
RAN
node
RAN
node
Area 5
RAN
node
RAN
node
Area 3
Area 4
RAN
node
Area 6
RAN
node
Area 7
PS pool-area 1
Area 8
PS pool-area 2
SGSN 1
SGSN 3
SGSN 2
SGSN 6
SGSN 4
SGSN 5
PS pool area 1: including RAN serving areas 1 and 5 served by SGSNs 1 and 2
RAN serving areas 4 and 8 are served by MSC 7 and SGSN 6 without using the
Iu Flex.
The pool areas of the CS and the PS domain may be configured identical as shown
by CS pool area 2 and PS pool area 2, or differently as shown by CS pool area 1 and
PS pool area 1.
The number and capacity of CN nodes are configured independently for each pool
area.
The Iu Flex can be configured only in parts of the network. The Iu-Flex-capable pool
areas co-exist with the areas that are not using this feature, for example, the RAN
node areas 4 and 8 served by MSC 7 and SGSN 6 as shown in Figure 1.1.
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
15.4.3 NRI
The Network Resource Identity (NRI) identifies uniquely an individual CN node that
serves a pool area. Each CN node that supports the Iu Flex is configured with one or
more specific NRIs.
I. Characteristics
The NRI has following characteristics:
The NRI is part of the Temporary Mobile Station Identity (TMSI) for the CS
domain or Packet TMSI (P-TMSI) for the PS domain. It is assigned by the
serving CN node to the UE. The TMSI or P-TMSI allocation mechanism in the
CN node generates TMSIs or P-TMSIs that contain a configured NRI in the
relevant bit positions.
The length of the NRI in bits ranges from 0 to 10 bits. The value 0 means that no
NRI is in use. The lengths of the NRIs are the same in all nodes of a domain in
one pool area.
In case of overlapping pool areas, the NRI lengths shall be configured the same
in all the nodes of a specific domain serving these pool areas.
The NRIs of the CS and the PS domain are independent of each other as the CN
nodes of the PS and the CS domain are accessed independently.
The corresponding relationship between the NRI and the CN nodes in the CN
pool area is configured in the RAN nodes. In CN pool areas, each CN node is
configured with the NRIs of other CN nodes.
II. Implementation
In the WCDMA system, the UE sends an RRC INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER
message to the RAN node that contains an IE Intra Domain NAS Node Selection
(IDNNS). The IDNNS contains a route parameter with a fixed length of 10 bits that
transports the NRI value. In addition, the IDNNS contains an indication about from
which identity (TMSI/PTMSI, IMSI, IMEI) the route parameter is derived. The RAN
node masks the significant bits out of the route parameter part of the IDNNS to
determine the NRI that is relevant to identify the CN node.
15.4.4 NNSF
The NAS Node Selection Function (NNSF) selects the proper CN node (MSC or
SGSN) for the UE and sets up the traffic link to the selected CN node.
If the NNSF finds the CN node that the NRI derived from the initial NAS signaling
message identifies, it routes the message or frame to that CN node. Otherwise, the
NNSF selects an available CN node according to the signaling load balancing and
routes the message to the selected CN node.
Huawei Technologies Proprietary
7
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
I. Characteristics
In the RAN node, the NNSF selects the specific CN node (MSC or SGSN) and routes
the initial NAS signaling messages to the selected node.
II. Implementation
The process is as follows:
1)
The CN node allocates the route information to the UE. If the CN node supports
the Iu Flex, the TMSI (or P-TMSI) allocated by the node contains the NRI.
2)
The UE encodes the route information according to the TMSI (or P-TMSI), IMSI
or IMEI to get the route parameter. The parameter consists of 10 bits. Then the
UE sends the parameter to the RNC through the INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER
message.
3)
The RNC selects the route according to the route parameter derived from the
INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER message.
If the length is set to 0, it is an indication that no NRI is in use, that is, the Iu
Flex is not used.
If the length is set to n, it is an indication that the n bits from bit 14 are the
NRI.
2)
The UE encodes the route information based on the sources that the route
information is derived from. The following sources are available:
TMSI or P-TMSI
The route parameter is obtained by the encoding of bits 1423 in the
information elements (IE) identified by the TMSI or P-TMSI.
IMSI
The parameter value is (IMSI / 10) MOD 1000. It is an integer within the
range from 0 through 999. For route selection, each integer is configured to
a CN node on the RNC LMT.
IMEI
The parameter value is (IMEI / 10) MOD1000. It is an integer within the
range from 0 through 999. For route selection, each integer is configured to
a CN node on the RNC LMT.
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
If the TMSI or P-TMSI is unavailable and the UE contains the USIM or SIM
or P-TMSI.
card, the UE encodes the route information identified by the IMSI.
If the TMSI or P-TMSI is unavailable and the UE does not contain the USIM
or SIM card, the UE encodes the route information identified by the IMEI.
The length of the route parameter after encoding is 10 bits. The parameter and
the encoding mode are saved in the IDNNS of the INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER
message, which is sent to the RNC.
3)
The RNC selects the route based on the route parameter in the IDNNS of the
INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER message as follows:
Parameters:
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
GUI Range
110
None
Default Value
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Description:
If the specified CN domain is set as supporting the Iu Flex function, Length of the
NRI in bits must be set.
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
GUI Range
110
None
Default Value
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Description:
If the specified CN domain is set as supporting the Iu Flex function, Length of the
NRI in bits must be set.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
GUI Range
None
Value according to the data from CN configuration
Mandatory
ADD NRIGLBCNIDMAP
MOD NRIGLBCNIDMAP
Description:
Different CN nodes connected to the same RNC must use different NRIs.
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
IDNNS route parameter and the CN node. One integer is configured to one
specific CN node.
The RNC configures the relationship between the IMSI IDNNS route
parameter and a CN node as that the CN node has a range from Minimum
of IMSI route parameter in IDNNS to Maximum of IMSI route parameter
in IDNNS. If the IMSI IDNNS route parameter is in this range, the RNC will
route the UE to the specified CN node.
Parameters:
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
GUI Range
None
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Mandatory
ADD IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP
MOD IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP
Description:
The relationship between the IMSI IDNNS route parameters value range and the
CN node allows a group of UEs to be routed to one CN node.
In this case, the operator can plan the ranges between CN nodes according to
their capability. If one CN node can afford more UEs, a larger range can be
assigned to it.
It is recommended not to overlay the range for different CN nodes in the same CN
domain.
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
GUI Range
None
Default Value
None
Optional/Mandatory
MML Command
Mandatory
ADD IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP
MOD IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP
Description:
The relationship between the IMSI IDNNS route parameters value range and the
CN node allows a group of UEs to be routed to one CN node.
In this case, the operator can plan the ranges between CN nodes according to
their capability. If one CN node can afford more UEs, a larger range can be
assigned to it.
It is recommended not to overlay the range for different CN nodes in the same CN
domain.
III. Processing the IMSI Paging Message by the NNSF (CS domain)
To increase the success rate of routing the paging response message to the CN node
that issues the paging request, the Iu-Flex-capable RNC needs to process the IMSI
paging message as follows:
The NNSF in the RNC temporarily stores the IMSI and Global CN-ID upon
reception of the paging message. When the NNSF receives the INITIAL DIRECT
TRANSFER message (a paging response with an IMSI), it directly forwards the
paging response to the CN node identified by the Global CN-ID.
If the CN node is set to Mode 1, that is, the Gs interface exists, the paging
message of the CS domain might be delivered on the Iu-PS interface. In this
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
case, the SGSN adds the Global CN-ID of the CS domain into the paging
message.
IV. Processing the IMSI Paging Message by the NNSF (PS domain)
The RNC does not need to save the Global CN-ID when the RNC processes the IMSI
paging message for the PS domain.
According to 3GPP TS 23.236, a UE returns an Attach Request containing the IMSI
parameter as a response to the IMSI paging that it receives from the PS domain.
Moreover, the SGSN does not start the timer for the PS IMSI paging after sending the
message. Therefore, the NNSF in the RAN node does not need to save the SGSN ID
when it receives the paging request.
2)
The RNC activates the CN short-time flow control timer IGORTIMR and the CN
long-time flow control timer INTRTMR, and then it discards INITIAL DIRECT
TRANSFER messages from the UE at the proportion of the step specified in the
overload message multiplied by 5.
If the RNC receives the overload message only once and the step specified
in the message is 2, 10% INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER messages will be
discarded, because 2 x 5% = 10%.
If the RNC receives overload messages continually, the traffic is reduced all
the way until it reaches the lower limit of 30%.
The functions of the two types of flow control timers are described as follows:
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
The RNC gets the NRI from the IDNNS in the INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER
message. Then it finds the CN node according to the corresponding relationship
between the NRI and the CN node that is configured in the RNC LMT.
2)
The RNC saves the relationship between IMSI and Global CN-ID if the paging
massage that the RNC receives from the CS domain does not carry the TMSI.
After receiving from the UE the INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER massage that is
the response to the paging, the RNC routes the UE to the correct CN domain
according to the relationship.
3)
The RNC selects a CN node from the available CN nodes according to the load
balancing under any of the following situations:
4)
The RNC routes the signaling connection message to the selected CN node.
15.5 Capabilities
None.
15.6 Implementation
15.6.1 Enabling Iu Flex
I. Hardware Installation
The Iu Flex module is integrated into the RNC and CN node. No extra hardware is
required.
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
2)
3)
2)
Execute ADD CNNODE to add the CN node data. Set CN protocol version to
R5 or a higher value.
3)
Execute SET IUFLEX to set the Iu Flex feature and the parameters CS NRI
length and PS NRI length.
4)
Execute ADD NRIGLBCNIDMAP to add the mapping between the NRI and the
Global CN-ID.
5)
Execute ADD IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP to add the mapping between the IMSI route
parameters and the Global CN-ID.
For details about parameter configuration on the CN side, refer to the related
documentation.
V. Example
Assume that the pool area contains two MSCs: MSC 1 and MSC 2. The ID of the
local RNC is 1. Table 1.1 lists the data negotiated for the Iu Flex.
Table 1.1 Data negotiated for the Iu Flex
Item
MSC 1
MSC 2
NRI length
NRI
CN node ID
CN node MCC
460
460
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
Item
MSC 1
MSC 2
CN node MNC
08
08
0300, 800900
301799, 901999
in the IDNNS
//(5) Add the mapping between the NRI and the Global CN-ID.
ADD NRIGLBCNIDMAP: CNId=1, NRI=8;
ADD NRIGLBCNIDMAP: CNId=2, NRI=9;
//(6) Add the mapping between IMSI route parameters and the Global CN-ID.
ADD IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP: CNNodeMCC="460", CNNodeMNC="08", ImsiRtMin=0,
ImsiRtMax=300, CNId=1;
ADD IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP: CNNodeMCC="460", CNNodeMNC="08", ImsiRtMin=800,
ImsiRtMax=900, CNId=1;
ADD IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP: CNNodeMCC="460", CNNodeMNC="08", ImsiRtMin=301,
ImsiRtMax=799, CNId=2;
ADD IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP: CNNodeMCC="460", CNNodeMNC="08", ImsiRtMin=901,
ImsiRtMax=999, CNId=2;
Execute LST CNDOMAIN to query the CN domain data, and then execute MOD
CNDOMAIN to modify the data as required.
2)
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
Execute LST CNNODE to query the CN node data, and then execute MOD
CNNODE to modify the data as required.
3)
Execute LST IUFLEX to query the Iu Flex configuration, and then execute SET
IUFLEX to modify the configuration as required.
4)
Execute LST NRIGLBCNIDMAP to query the mapping between the NRI and the
Global CN-ID, and then execute RMV NRIGLBCNIDMAP or ADD
NRIGLBCNIDMAP to remove or add the mapping as required.
5)
2)
Execute RMV NRIGLBCNIDMAP to remove the mapping between the NRI and
the Global CN-ID.
3)
Execute SET IUFLEX to set the CS and PS domains to not supporting the Iu
Flex.
III. Example
//(1) Remove the mapping between IMSI route parameters and the Global CN-ID.
RMV IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP: CNNodeMCC="460", CNNodeMNC="08", ImsiRtMin=0,
ImsiRtMax=300, CNId=1;
RMV IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP: CNNodeMCC="460", CNNodeMNC="08", ImsiRtMin=800,
ImsiRtMax=900, CNId=1;
RMV IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP: CNNodeMCC="460", CNNodeMNC="08", ImsiRtMin=301,
ImsiRtMax=799, CNId=1;
RMV IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP: CNNodeMCC="460", CNNodeMNC="08", ImsiRtMin=901,
ImsiRtMax=999, CNId=1;
//(2) Remove the mapping between the NRI and the Global CN-ID.
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
Executed to
ADD CNDOMAIN
MOD CNDOMAIN
ADD CNNODE
MOD CNNODE
LST IUFLEX
SET IUFLEX
ADD NRIGLBCNIDMAP
RMV NRIGLBCNIDMAP
ADD IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP
RMV IMSIIDNNSCNIDMAP
Remove
the
mapping
between
15.7.2 Alarms
None.
15.7.3 Counters
None.
IMSI
route
Chapter 15 Iu Flex
15.8 References
3GPP TS 25.875 5.0.0 "Non Access Stratum (NAS) Node Selection Function"