Life Cycle of a disaster management:

Preparedness: Activities before the disaster

Example: Preparing strategic plans, Urgent exercises, Quick Alert Systems.
Response: Activities during the disaster
Example: Public Alert System, Urgent operations, research and evacuation.
Recovery: Activities after the disaster
Example: Temporary shelter, Long-term medical treatment.
Mitigation: Activities to reduce disaster effects
Example: Vulnerability Analysis, Construction of anti-earthquake Buildings, Educ
ation.
Objectives of the wireless sensor network projects:
Providing scalability.
Giving adaptability.
Offer reliability.
Low node cost low power consumption.
Qos support.
Providing security.
Enabling fault tolerance system.
Effective communication channel utilization.
Projets using WSNs:
In.Sy.Eme Project, Florence, Italy
SENSEI Project, Netherlands
WINSOC Project, Switzerland
SENDROM Project, Turkey
Telemedicine project with WSN
USN4D project
AWARE project
MiTAG project
--------------------------------------------------SHOAIB------------------------------------------------SENDROM - Sensor Network for Disaster Relief Operation Managemnet
It is used in the case earthquakes as it is one of the major subject for the cou
ntries. In this
Structure it consists of sensor nodes deployed prior to a disaster and central n
odes stored nearby
strategic centres and linked to the SENDROM DATAbase.

INSYEME - Integrated Systems for EMErgency

The Insyeme project aims the study and testing of innovative methodologies
and tools for the creation of integrated systems for the prevention
and management of emergencies following natural disasters.
The technological infrastructure of Insyeme will provide a wide range
of services available from operators in the field including through mobile
devices business so nonconvenzionale. Research activities concern the evolution
of radio communication systems to broadband, their integration with existing com

munication networks
(fixed, mobile and satellite) and the development of complex applications based
on the new paradigm Mobile Grid Computing.
This paradigm Grid will enable integration dynamic, pervasive and ubiquitous he
terogeneous technologies for the collection,
transmission and processing of information in a single system with high QoS con
trol in terms of performance,
security and availability.
----------------------------------------MAMUN----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Telemedicine with WSNs
The proposed network architecture is composed of three
entities; Wireless Sensor Network, emergency response data
center and satellite communication infrastructure.
1. Wireless Sensor Network: the network is divided
into four adjacent cells where each cell is composed of four
ad hoc relay stations covering each cluster. Each cluster is
directly interfaced with a sink node, responsible for
maintaining communication path to the base station.
2. Emergency Response Database: the role of this unit
is to receive and store information about critical disaster
conditions.
3. Satellite Communication Interface: Information
related to the disaster is transferred via this communication
media towards some medical services such as mobile
ambulances and hospitals using telemedicine based
infrastructure.
USN4D
The goal of the project USN4D (Ubiquitous wireless
Sensor Network For Development) is to provide early
warning for Air pollution and to disseminate surveillance
information for cities in order to support municipality service
delivery and to provide enjoyment of the citizens and tourists
The platform of USN4D is composed of four main
components.
1) Data collectors: Sensed data can be collected
through two types of sensors, ZigBee sensors and GPRS
sensors. Each type is related to a network.
2) Pyton code: this part includes the two Gateway
Interfaces between the system coordinator, the sensor networks and the Database
Interface linking the system
coordinator to a MySQL database (See figure)
3) Database: an actual relational database (MySQL)
was used.
4) End User Interface: the user can query the database
and extract analyzed and localized data. Results can be
shown via GoogleMaps services.
WINSOC
The key idea of WINSOC is the development of a totally innovative design methodo
logy,
mimicking biological systems, where the high accuracy and reliability of the who
le sensor network

is achieved through a proper interaction among nearby, low cost, sensors.

The whole network is hierarchical and composed of two layers: a lower level, com
posed of the low cost sensors,
responsible for gathering information from the environment and producing locally
reliable decisions, and an upper level,
composed of more sophisticated nodes, whose goal is to convey the information to
the control centers.
WINSOC has the following primary objectives:
1. Develop and test innovative algorithms implementing the self-organization cap
abilities of the low level sensors and devise the most appropriate radio interfa
ce responsible for the interaction among nearby sensors;
2. Develop and test three system level simulators addressing the following appli
cations in environmental monitoring:
i) detection or prediction of landslides
ii) detection of gas leakage, to prevent hazard situations or simply avoid unnec
essary wastes of energetic resources;
iii) monitoring of temperature fields, as a way to detect fires or, even better,
to predict the risk of a potential fire in a given area.
3. Develop a reduced scale experiment for testing the proposed approach in the c
ase of temperature monitoring and obtain the deployment experience from landslid
e detection experiments with in monitoring.
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