https://books.google.com.my/books?

id=4hMLZZmn4WMC&lpg=PT52&ots=8PRpDknI8K&dq=spill%20and
%20leakage%20waste%20management%20regulations
%202011&pg=PT52#v=onepage&q=spill%20and%20leakage%20waste
%20management%20regulations%202011&f=false
Daniel A.Crowl/Joseph F. louver, Chemical Process Safety, fundamental with
application.

Kaur, R., Wani, S. P., Singh, A. K., & Lal, K. (2012). Wastewater
production, treatment and use in India. Country report India

4.2 Waste management

Growth development of industrial in India is the reason of generation of

waste. Every industrial must have an efficiency system how to handle waste.
The concept of waste managements is more focusing to reduce waste
quantity and recycle the residues as well as the disposal of the remaining
residues as waste. Based on the Environmental Quality (Scheduled waste)
Regulation 1989, waste management required to treat or disposed the
waste.
4.2.1 Spill and Leakage
During operation of formic acid in the plant, it is possible for the spillage and
leakage occur. So there are an alternative for the plant to avoid from this
happen such as the equipment should implement, develop and maintain
sound spills prevention and emergency response plan. The plans should
have:
1) Spill detection methods emergency-notification procedures
2) Community contacts for notification and advice on evacuation needs
3) Fire prevention and protection provision for spill containment and
cleanup
4) Compliance with applicable national and local regulation or laws
The plans should prepare to face high-impact of spillage and leakage if
possible happens one day.
Another way to prevent the spillage occurs is by installation of curbs. Curbs
can able to collect leaks and minor spills. The design of the curbing should

also provide an allowance for accumulated rainfall or water used control fire.
The installation of curbs are following Environmental Management and coordination Act (Waste Management) Regulations 2006 which state that
Ensure collection and cleaning of oils during accidental spills and leaks.
Besides that, the spills and leakage of material will have possibility to
vaporize to air surrounding and lead to explosion if the material contain
explosive component. But the high impact of explosion can be reducing by
dilute vast amount of water with the discharging material.
4.2.2 Waste Handling and Storage
Worker who are working at the plant will exposed to hazardous material and
need to be well-trained when handle the equipment. The worker also has to
wear proper protective equipment (PPE) and aware with all relevant
information and legislative requirements to manage handling, storage,
transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes.
Waste Handling and Storage is referring to The Hazardous Waste
(Management and Handling) Rules, 1989, Amendments 2000. The contents
of the Act emphasize how to handle and storage waste by ensure proper
collection, reception, treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous wastes,
apply for renewal of authorization before expiry of the validity period,etc.
Besides that, the storage of hazardous waste should have specific
requirement in the operating permits and national or local regulation. Then,
storage also has to be check if exist any internal pressure. If the internal
pressure exist, the storage have to vent out before removing closure and
isolate, vent, drain, wash and purge systems or equipment before made
maintenance or repair.
4.2.3 Air treatment
Production of Formic acid is mainly use Carbon Monoxide as the raw material
to produce Formic acid at the end of product. During production, possibility
not fully carbon monoxide is used and some of them are disperse in the air.
The solution of this issue is by using direct combustion using flare at high
temperature to treat this waste and to make sure that component burned in
complete combustion to prevent hazardous gases produce into air. Other
than that, according to Environmental Management and co-ordination Act
(air pollution) Regulations 1999, Ensure proper working condition of
concrete mixtures to minimize exhaust gases.
4.2.4 Water treatment

In this country, the guidelines for safe handling transport and disposal of
wastewater is not clear enough. But the policies to regulate wastewater
management can refer to certain laws and certain policies and legal
provisions such as Constitutional Provisions on sanitation and water
pollution; National Environment Policy, 2006; National Sanitation Policy,
2008; Hazardous waste 6 (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989;
Municipalities Act; District Municipalities Act etc.
The wastewaster treatment which is widely used nowadays is by using
anaerobic biological trearment. The treatment is highly effective because it
can remove 90% of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the effluent
stream. For further treatment of water which to reduce value of BOD in
acceptable standards, the effluent from an anaerobic digestion step requires
further aerobic treatment.
Other wastewater treatment is by using algae. The usage of this treatment
can reduce the organic and inorganic loads, increase dissolved oxygen
levels, mitigate CO2 pollution and generate valuable biomass by sequential
use of heterotrophic and autotrophic algal species and the generated
biomass can be an excellent source of organic fertilizers. As documented in
studies on eutrophication, algae are known to thrive under very high
concentrations of inorganic nitrates and phosphates that are otherwise toxic
to other organisms. This particular aspect of algae can help remediate highly
polluted wastewaters (Kaur, R et al,2012)