Kabaddi

Kabaddi is a contact sport that originated in Ancient India. Kabaddi is an umbrella

term which encompasses various forms of the game including International rules
Kabaddi, and the Indian Kabaddi styles Sanjeevani, Gaminee, Amar and
Punjabi. Kabaddi also encompasses similar sports known by their regional names,
such

as hadudu in Bangladesh, baibalaa in Maldives, chedugudu in

Andhra

Pradesh, sadugudu in Tamil Nadu and hututu in Maharashtra.

Kabaddi is the national game of Bangladesh and also the state game of the Indian
states

of Tamil

Nadu, Maharashtra, Bihar, Andhra

Pradesh, Telangana andPunjab. India is the most successful team on the world
stage, having won every World Cup and Asian Games title so far, in both men's and
women's categories.

History
Women playing Kabaddi in Tamil Nadu
Kabaddi originated in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, where it is derived
from group hunting and village defense. Other forms of Kabbadi originated in
northern parts of India. Although the game is a traditional sport in various parts
of South

Asia,

the

modern

standardized

version

identifies

kabaddi

with Maharashtra where the process of standardizing the rules of kabaddi took place
during 1915 through to the 1920s. Though variations emerged and rules were
framed, the games principal objective remained unchanged.

Rules of Play

01) The team that wins the toss shall have the choice of the court or the raid and the
team that looses the toss shall have the remaining choice. In the second half, the
court shall be changed and the team, which did not, opted for raid shall send their
raider first. The game in the second half shall continue with the same number of
players, as it was at the end of the first half.
02) A player shall be out if any part of his body touches the ground outside the
boundary but during the struggle a player shall not be out if any part of his body
touches the ground outside the boundary by keeping contact of the playfield. The
portion of contact must be inside the boundary.
03)
a) If any player goes out of the boundary during the course of play, he shall
be out. The Umpire or Referee shall try to take out such players at once. The
Umpire or Referee shall declare such players out by calling out the numbers. No
whistle shall be blown as the raid may continue.
b) If an anti or antis who have gone out of bounds (as per rule 03 a), hold a
raider, the raider shall be declared NOT OUT. The anti or antis who have gone out
of bounds only will be declared out.
04) When the struggle begins, the play field includes the lobbies. During the
struggle and after the struggle in the same raid, the players involved in the struggle
can use the lobbies to enter their respective courts. This rule will only be applicable
in the antis court.
05) A raider shall continue to chant KABADDI as the approved cant. If he is not
keeping the proper approved cant in the opponents court, he shall be ordered back

and the opponent will be given one technical point and chance to raid. Under such
circumstances, he shall not be pursued.
08) Not more than one raider shall enter the opponents court at a time, if more than
one raider enters the opponents court at a time, the Umpire or Referee shall order
all to go back to their court and a technical point will be awarded to the opponent
and chance to raid.
09) After a raider has reached his court or is put out in the opponents court, the
opponents shall send their raider within 5 Seconds. Thus alternately each side shall
send their raider until the end of the game. In case the raider fails to start his raid
within 5 seconds the team looses its chance to raid and the opponent team gets a
technical point.
10) If a raider, who is caught by the anti or antis, escapes from their attempt to hold
and reaches his court safely he shall not be pursued. Note: But if a raider touches
the anti or antis and reaches back to his court safely he may be pursued.
11) If a raider, while in the opponents court looses his cant, he shall be out.
Field Measurements Chart
S. No

FIELD MEASUREMENTS

MEN &

WOMEN

JUNIOR &

SUB-

BOYS

JUNIOR

JUNIOR

GIRLS

BOYS&
GIRLS

ALL

MEASUREMENTS

METERS
1
2

Side lines (AB, CD, EF & GH)

End Line (AD, BC)

13
10

12
8

11
8

Lobby (AE, BF, DG, CH)

Baulk Line (from Mid line)

3.75

10

6x1

6x1

6x6

5.5x6

4
5
6
7
8
9
10

(LN, KM, LR, KQ)

Baulk Line (RQ, MN)
Mid-line (IJ)
Bonus Line (TS, PO) from Baulk Line

1
(RT, QS, MO, NP)
Bonus Line (MN, ST)
8
Sitting Block (2 meters away from End
8x1
lines)
Court (Each half of the playfield divided
6.5x8
by the mid line)

IN

Kabaddi Court

Kho kho

Kho kho is a tag sport played by teams of twelve players, of which

nine enter the field, who try to avoid being touched by members

of the opposing team.[1] It is one of the two most popular

traditional tag games of the Indian subcontinent, the other
being kabbadi.[2] Apart from the Subcontinent, it is also played in
South Africa
History
Asian Kho Kho Federation was established in the year 1987 during 3rd SAF
Games, held at Kolkata, India. The member countries were India, Bangladesh,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Maldives. The first Asian championship was held at
Kolkata in 1996 and the second championship at Dhaka in Bangladesh. India, Sri
Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, Japan, Thailand and Bangladesh were participants of the
championship.when the first game was played, though many historians say that it is
actually a modified form of `Run Chase`. In the ancient era, a version of the KhoKho game was played on `raths` or chariots in Maharashtra. This was known as
Rathera. In ancient Kho-Kho history, there were no rigid rules and regulations for
playing the game. The Kho-Kho rules were first framed in the early 1900s. A
committee was formed at Gymkhana Poona in 1914 for framing the Kho-Kho rules
and the first ever book of Kho-Kho rules was published from Gymkhana Baroda, in
1924.

Rules
Each team consists of 12 players, but only 9 players take the field. A match consists
of two innings with each inning consisting of chasing and running turns of 9
minutes each. One team sits/kneels in the middle of the court, in a row, with
adjacent members facing opposite directions. The runners take to the field, 3 at a

time and the team that takes the shortest time to tag/tap all the opponents in the
field, wins. There is a pole on each end and the runner can go between two players
who are sitting in zig zag manner, but the chaser is not allowed to turn back while
running and go between the players. But chaser can go to pole and touch it and can
go back or go to other side.

A kho kho playground (or pitch) is rectangular.[4] It is 29 metres in length and 16

metres in width. There are two rectangles at the end. Length of the rectangle is 16
metres and the width is 2.75 metres. In the middle of these two rectangles, there are
two wooden poles. The central lane is 23.5 metres long and 30 cm width. There are
eight cross lanes which lie across central lane, length of the cross lanes, are 16
metres and width 30 cm. It makes the small rectangles and each of it is 16 metres
in length and 2.3 metres in breadth,(the two rectangles of near by the wooden poles
are 2.5 metres width) at right angles to the central lane and divided equally into
two parts of 7.85 metres each by central lane. At the end of central lane, the free
zone tangent to the post-line, two smooth wooden posts are fixed, 120 cm height
from the ground and their circumference is not less than 30 cm and not more than
40 cm.
The equipment used in kho kho are poles/post, strings, metallic measuring tape,
lime powder, wire nails, two watches, types of rings having inner circumference of
30 cm and 40 cm, score shots (like a whistle, for instance), and stationery to write
results. [

Field
The Kho- Kho playground is rectangular. It is 27 meters in length and 15 meters in
breadth. There are two rectangles at the end. One side of the rectangle is 16 meter and
the other side is 2.70 meters. In the middle of these two rectangles, there shall be two
wooden poles. The central lane is 21.60 meters long and 30cm X 30cm on the lane.
There are eight cross lanes which lie across the small squares and each of it is 15
meters in length and 30cm in breadth, at right angles to the central lane and divided
equally into two parts of 7.30m each by central lane. At the end of central lane, two
posts shall be fixed. They shall be 120cm above the ground and their circumference
shall be not less than 30cm and not more than 40cm. The post shall be made of
wooden poles which are smooth all over. The posts shall be fixed firmly in the free
zone tangent to the post-line at a height between 120 to 125cm. The top of the post
shall be flat and free from any sharp edges.
Equipment
The equipments used in Kho- Kho are posts, strings, measuring tape (metallic), lime
powder, wire nails, two watches, two types of rings having inner circumference of
30cm and 40cm, score sheets and stationery to write results etc.
Important tournaments :1.

Federation

2.

Nehru

3.

National

The
1.

Cup

brief

explanation

Gold
Kho

of

National

Cup

some

Kho

tournaments

kho-

is

Kho

Championship
given

Championship

below

::-

The first national Kho -Kho championship for men was held at vijayawada (A.P) in 1960 and for women at kohlapur ( Maharashtra) in 1961.
2.

Junior

National

kho

-Kho

Championship

:-

This

championship

is

held

for

girls

and

boys.

It

is

Measurements at a glance :-

1.

shape

2. Total
lobby

of

playfield

a.

Rectangular

area

including

b.

33

21

c.

29

16

3. Playfield ( length and

breadth
)

d.

27

16

4.

Free

zone

e.

23.50

5.

Centre

lane

f.

16

6.

Cross

lane

g.

2.50

7. Distance between last

line and 1st cross line

h.

7.85

8. Each court divided by

the
centre
line
9.

Squares

10.

11.

Posts

Duration

of

each

m
m

x
x

30

cms

30

cms

i. 8 squares ( 30 cms x 30
cms
)
j. Two strong wooden posts
shall be firmly fixed. They
shall be 120 cms above and
perpendicular to the ground.
The top of the posts shall be
flat and free from sharp
edges.

national

level

championship.

innings
12.
13.

Interval
Follow

14.

on

Officials
( Umpires - 2,
Timekeeper
1,
Referee -1, Scorer - 1)
15. Total innings

k.

minutes

l.

minutes

m.

or

more

points

n. 5 o. 4 ( 2 innings for each

team )

Chess
Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard
with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. Chess is played by millions of
people worldwide in homes, urban parks, clubs, online,correspondence, and
in tournaments. In recent years, chess has become part of some school curricula.
Each player begins the game with 16 pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks,
two knights,

two bishops,

and

eight pawns.

Each

of

the

six

piece

types movesdifferently. The most powerful piece is the queen and the least powerful
piece is the pawn. The objective is to 'checkmate' the opponent's king by placing it
under an inescapable threat of capture. To this end, a player's pieces are used to
attack and capture the opponent's pieces, while supporting their own. In addition to
checkmate, the game can be won by voluntary resignation by the opponent, which
typically occurs when too much material is lost, or if checkmate appears
unavoidable. A game may also result in a draw in several ways.
Chess is believed to have originated in India, some time before the 7th century; the
Indian game of chaturanga is also the likely ancestor of xiangqi and shogi. The

pieces took on their current powers in Spain in the late 15th century; the rules were
finally standardized in the 19th century. The first generally recognized World Chess
Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886.
The current World Champion is the Norwegian Magnus Carlsen. The World
Championship is now controlled by FIDE, the game's international governing body.
FIDE also organizes the Women's World Championship, the World Junior
Championship, the World Senior Championship the Blitz and Rapid World
Championships and the Chess Olympiad, a popular competition among teams from
different nations. There is also a Correspondence Chess World Championship and
a World Computer Chess Championship.
Rules
Initial position, first row: rook, knight, bishop, queen, king, bishop, knight, and
rook; second row: pawns
Setup at the start of a game
The official rules of chess are maintained byFIDE (Fdration Internationale des
checs), chess's international governing body. Along with information on
official chess tournaments, the rules are described in the FIDE Handbook, Laws of
Chess section.
Setup
Chess is played on a square board of eight rows (called ranks and denoted with
numbers1 to 8) and eight columns (called files and denoted with letters a to h) of
squares. The colors of the 64 squares alternate and are referred to as "light" and
"dark" squares. The chessboard is placed with a light square at the right-hand end of
the rank nearest to each player.

By convention, the game pieces are divided into white and black sets, and the
players are referred to as "White" and "Black" respectively. Each player begins the
game with 16 pieces of the specified color, which consist of one king, one queen,
two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. The pieces are set out as
shown in the diagram and photo, with eachqueen on a square of its own color, the
white queen on a light square and the black queen on a dark.
Movement
The player with the white pieces always moves first. After the first move, players
alternately move one piece per turn (except for castling, when two pieces are
moved). Pieces are moved to either an unoccupied square or one occupied by an
opponent's piece, which is captured and removed from play. With the sole exception
of en passant, all pieces capture by moving to the square that the opponent's piece
occupies. A player may not make any move that would put or leave his or her king
under attack. A player cannot "pass"; at each turn they have to make a legal move
(this is the basis for the finesse called zugzwang). If the player to move has no legal
move, the game is over; it is either a checkmate (a loss for the player with no legal
moves) if the king is under attack, or a stalemate (a draw) if the king is not.
Each chess piece has its own style of moving. In the diagrams, the dots mark the
squares where the piece can move if no other pieces (including one's own piece) are
on the squares between the piece's initial position and its destination.

Castling
Once in every game, each king is allowed to make a special move, known
ascastling. Castling consists of moving the king two squares along the first rank
toward a rook (which is on the player's first rank [note 1]) and then placing the rook on
the last square the king has just crossed. Castling is permissible under the following
conditions:[4]

Neither the king nor the rook may have been previously moved during the
game.

There must be no pieces between the king and the rook.

The king may not be in check, nor may the king pass through squares that are
under attack by enemy pieces, nor move to a square where it is in check.

Check
When a king is under immediate attack by one or two of the opponent's pieces, it is
said to be in check. A response to a check is a legal move if it results in a position

where the king is no longer under direct attack (that is, not in check). This can
involve capturing the checking piece; interposing a piece between the checking
piece and the king (which is possible only if the attacking piece is a queen, rook, or
bishop and there is a square between it and the king); or moving the king to a square
where it is not under attack. Castling is not a permissible response to a check. The
object of the game is to checkmate the opponent; this occurs when the opponent's
king is in check, and there is no legal way to remove it from attack. It is illegal for a
player to make a move that would put or leave his own king in check.
In casual games it is common to announce "check" when putting the opponent's
king in check, however this is not required by the rules of the game, and is not
usually done in tournaments.

Table tennis

Table tennis, also known as ping pong, is a sport in which two or four players hit a
lightweight ball back and forth across a table using a small, round bat. The game
takes place on a hard table divided by a net. Except for the initial serve, players
must allow a ball played toward them only one bounce on their side of the table and
must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side. Points are scored when a
player fails to return the ball within the rules. Play is fast and demands quick
reactions. Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent's options,
giving the hitter a great advantage. When doing so the hitter has a better chance of
scoring if the spin is successful.

Table tennis is governed by the worldwide organization International Table Tennis

Federation, founded in 1926. ITTF currently includes 220 member associations.
[1]

The table tennis official rules are specified in the ITTF handbook. [2] Table tennis

has been an Olympic sport since1988,[3] with several event categories. In particular,
from 1988 until 2004, these were: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles
and women's doubles. Since 2008, a team event has been played instead of the
doubles.
History
The sport originated in Victorian England, where it was played among the upperclass as an after-dinner parlour game.[4][5] It had several different names, including
'whiff-whaff', and it has been suggested that makeshift versions of the game were
developed by British military officers in India or South Africa, who brought it back
with them.[6] A row of books was stood up along the center of the table as a net, two
more books served as rackets and were used to continuously hit a golf-ball. [7][8] The
name "ping-pong" was in wide use before British manufacturer J. Jaques & Son
Ltdtrademarked it in 1901. The name "ping-pong" then came to describe the game
played using the rather expensive Jaques's equipment, with other manufacturers
calling it table tennis. A similar situation arose in the United States,
where Jaquessold the rights to the "ping-pong" name to Parker Brothers. Parker
Brothers then enforced their trademark for the term in the 1920s making the various
associations change their names to "table tennis" instead of the more common, but
trademarked, term.[9]
The next major innovation was by James W. Gibb, a British enthusiast of table
tennis, who discovered novelty celluloid balls on a trip to the US in 1901 and found
them to be ideal for the game. This was followed by E.C. Goode who, in 1901,

invented the modern version of the racket by fixing a sheet of pimpled, or

stippled, rubber to the wooden blade. Table tennis was growing in popularity by
1901 to the extent that tournaments were being organized, books being written on
the subject,[7] and an unofficial world championship was held in 1902.
In 1921, the Table Tennis Association was founded in Britain, and the International
Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) followed in 1926.[4][10] London hosted the first
official World Championships in 1926. In 1933, the United States Table Tennis
Association, now called USA Table Tennis, was formed.[4][11]
In the 1930s, Edgar Snow commented in Red Star Over China that the Communist
forces in the Chinese Civil War had a "passion for the English game of table tennis"
which he found "bizarre".[12] On the other hand, popularity of the sport waned in
1930s Soviet Union, partly because of promotion of team and military sports, and
partly because of a theory that the game had adverse health effects.[13]
In the 1950s, paddles that used a rubber sheet combined with an underlying sponge
layer changed the game dramatically,[4]introducing greater spin and speed.[14] These
were introduced to Britain by sports goods manufacturer S.W. Hancock Ltd. The
use of speed glue increased the spin and speed even further, resulting in changes to
the equipment to "slow the game down". Table tennis was introduced as an Olympic
sport at the Olympics in 1988
Table

Diagram of a table tennis table showing the official dimensions

The table is 2.74 m (9.0 ft) long, 1.525 m (5.0 ft) wide, and 76 cm (2.5 ft) high with
any continuous material so long as the table yields a uniform bounce of about
23 cm (9.1 in) when a standard ball is dropped onto it from a height of 30 cm
(11.8 in), or about 77%. The table or playing surface is uniformly dark coloured and
matte, divided into two halves by a net at 15.25 cm (6.0 in) in height.
The ITTFapproves only wooden tables or their derivates. Concrete tables with a
steel net or a solid concrete partition are sometimes available in outside public
spaces, such as parks.