MANALO, GILBERT D.

CE-4201
12-70868
CMPM
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT: TOTAL STATION

Figure : Total Station (GetSurveying, 2012)

TOTAL STATION

Total Station is an ocular device used in present surveying. It is a combination of

an electronic distance meter (EDM), an electronic theodolite, and a software running on
an external computer (Patel, 2015).

Some modern total station can measure slope distances and the angle and
distance measurement were controlled by a mini built-in computer. In measuring angles,
total station can measure in horizontal and vertical planes. It also set points for
construction projects. (Patel, 2015).

Different Features of a Total Station

Distance Measurement
The main part of all total station is the electronic distance meter (EDM). The
range of its measurement is from 2.8km to 4.2km and accuracy from 5 to 10mm per km
measurement (for automatic target recogniser). The slope distance is usually the

distance measured and the horizontal and vertical distance are computed by the
microprocessor. (The Constructor, 2014)

Angle Measurement
For measuring the angles in different planes the electronic theodolite part of the
total station is used. In measuring angle in horizontal plane any reference point, line or
direction may be used but in vertical plane the upward direction is the reference. Two to
six seconds is the accuracy for angle measurement. (The Constructor, 2014)

Microprocessor
Microprocessor unit processes the data collected to compute average of multiple
angles measured, average of multiple distance measured, horizontal distance, and
distance between any two points, elevation of objects and all the three coordinates of
the observed points. It is also capable of applying different corrections like temperature
and pressure corrections. (The Constructor, 2014)

Electronic Book
The capacity of electronic book varies from 2000 points to 4000 points data. The
data can be unload to a computer and reuse again the electronic book. (The
Constructor, 2014)

Reflector-less Distance Measurement

It is a special type of total station that not requires prism. The integrated laser
distance meter can measure a distance without returning the laser light to the total
station. It is very useful when the points are difficult or impossible to access (Grahl,
2013). Inaccessible points are in heavy traffics if you are surveying he road itself with
heavy traffic, point where safety is concern, and etc.

Specifications
TELESCOPE
Length
Image
Objective Aperture
Magnification
Field of View
Shortest Focus Distance

Battery
Output Voltage
Operation time
Charger
Charging Time

156mm
Erect
45mm dia.
30X
1deg.30 min.
1 meter

POWER
3400mAh Li-ion Rechargeable
7.4V DC
12 hours
FDJ6- Li (110V/240V)
Approx. 4 hours

LASER PLUMMET
Accuracy
+- 0.8mm / 1.5m
Laser Class
Class 2/IEC60825-1
Laser Spot Size/ Intensity
Adjustable
Laser Wave Length
635nm
Focus Range
0.5 to infinity

Parts of a Total Station

Handle

Optical Sight
Battery Pack
Focusing Knob
Fine Focusing Knob
Eyepiece lens

Vertical Tangent Knob

Vertical Lock Knob

Display Panel
Keyboard

Objective Lens

Data out Connector

Plate Vial
Horizontal Tangent Knob
Horizontal lock knob
Circular Vial

Bottom Plate

Uses

of

Total

Levelling Screw

Station

References

GetSurveying, 2012. Total Stations. [Online]

Available at: http://www.getsurveying.com/total-stations/1047-foif-total-stationots652.html
[Accessed 28 December 2015].
Grahl, C., 2013. Four Basic Total Station Functions. [Online]
Available at: http://www.allenprecision.com/page/4-basic-total-station-functions/
[Accessed 28 December 2015].
Patel, R. L., 2015. Total Station and Its Application To Civil Engineering. [Online]
Available at: http://www.slideshare.net/TusharDholakia/total-station-and-itsapplication-to-civil-engineering
[Accessed 28 December 2015].
The Constructor, 2014. Total Station- Operation, Uses & Advantages. [Online]
Available at: http://theconstructor.org/surveying/total-station-operation-usesadvantage/6605/
[Accessed 28 December 2015].