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Optocouplers
Application Note 50
IL300
K2
K1
3
IP1
IP2
17752
APPLICATION NOTE
SERVO GAIN - K1
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
250
300
0 C
25 C
50 C
75 C
200
150
100
50
0
0
17753
10
15
20
25
50
75
100
0.6
0.4
0.2
17755
IF - LED Current - mA
0
25
0.8
0.0
0.1
30
10
100
K1 = I P1 I F
(1)
0.010
0
0.008
25
50
75
100
0.006
0.004
0.002
0.1
17754
10
(2)
(3)
(5)
(4)
APPLICATION NOTE
Normalized to:
IF = 10 mA,
1.0 T = 25 C
A
100
IF - L ED Current (mA)
(6)
I P1 MIN = 0.0036 6 mA
(7)
I P1 MIN ( I F = 6 mA ,T A = 75 C ) = 21.6 A
(8)
Application Note 50
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Va
APPLICATION NOTE
VCC
U1
Vin
Vb
IL300
6
2
IF
VCC
K1
3
4
4
IP1
R1
TRANSFER GAIN - K3
The current gain, or CTR, of the standard phototransistor
optocoupler is set by the LED efficiency, transistor gain, and
optical coupling. Variation in ambient temperature alters the
LED efficiency and phototransistor gain and results in CTR
drift. Isolation amplifiers constructed with standard
phototransistor optocouplers suffer from gain drift due to
changing CTR.
Isolation amplifiers using the IL300 are not plagued with the
drift problems associated with standard phototransistors.
The following analysis will show how the servo operation of
the IL300 eliminates the influence of LED efficiency on the
amplifier gain.
The input-output gain of the IL300 is termed transfer gain,
K3. Transfer gain is defined as the output (forward) gain, K2,
divided by servo gain, K1, as shown in equation 10.
K3 = K2 K1
(10)
3
+
IP1
17756
(11)
I P1 = I F K1
(12)
V b = I P1 R1
(13)
(14)
V in = I F K1 R1
(15)
I F = V in ( K1 R1 )
(16)
(17)
I P2 = K2 IF
(18)
(19)
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
IL300
Normalized to IF = 10 mA, TA = 25 C
K3 - Transfer Gain (K2/K1)
8
7
K2
VCC
U2
6
VCC 2
IP2
IP2
Vout
R2
0 C
Non - servoed
1.005
25 C
1.000
0.995
50 C
75 C
0.990
0
17757
10
15
20
25
17758
(16)
I F = - V out ( K2 R2 )
(19)
V in ( K1 R1 ) = - V out ( K2 R2 )
(20)
V out V in = ( K2 R2 ) ( K1 R1 )
(21)
(22)
APPLICATION NOTE
TYP.
MIN.
0.59
0.56
MAX.
0.623
0.66
0.623
0.693
0.73
0.693
0.769
0.81
0.769
0.855
0.93
0.855
0.95
1.0
0.95
1.056
1.11
1.056
1.175
1.24
1.175
1.304
1.37
1.304
1.449
1.53
1.449
1/61
Application Note 50
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3
+
VCC
+
Va
2
I
U1
K2
K1
F
VCC
U2
VCC
R1
Vin
Vb
IL300
Vout
VCC 2
IP1
IP1
IP2
4
R2
IP2
17759
APPLICATION NOTE
IP2
IF
1
K1
1
R1
0
17760
Vin
a
Vout
IP1
b
R2
K2
0
IF
c
IP2
d
Application Note 50
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VCC
1 k
OP-07
Vin
R1
10 k
+ Voltage
IL300
1
IF
R2
10 k
2
K2
K1
IP1
IP1
IP2
OP-07
3
17761
Vout
OP-07
L300
APPLICATION NOTE
Vin
out = 15 mA
K1 = 0.007
K2 = 0.007
K3 = 1.0
0 + 1.0 V
1.0
Vout - Output Voltage (V)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
17762
1
0
Amplitude Response (dB)
V out
K2 R2
----------- = -------------------(23)
V in
K1 R1
Equation 23 shows that the composite amplifier transfer gain
is independent of the LED forward current. The K2/K1 ratio
reduces to IL300 transfer gain, K3. This relationship is
included in equation 24. This equation shows that the
composite amplifier gain is equal to the product of the IL300
gain, K3, times the ratio of the output to input resistors.
V out
K3 R2
----------- = -------------------(24)
V in
R1
Designing this amplifier is a three step process. First, given
the input signal span and U1s output current handling
capability, the input resistor R1 can be determined by using
the circuit found in figure 9 and the following typical
characteristics:
-1
-2
-3
-4
TA = 25 C
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
- 10
101
17763
102
103
104
105
F - Frequency (Hz)
R1 is rounded to 10 k.
Document Number: 83708
6
For technical questions, contact: optocoupleranswers@vishay.com
THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
1 k
3
Vin
- Voltage
1
2
OP-07
R1
10 k
IF
K1
IL300
K2
R2
10 k
IP1
4
IP1
IP2
OP-07
3
17764
Vout
+
IP1
IF
IP2
-1
R1
1
K1
R2 = 10 k
When the amplifier in figure 9 is constructed with OP-07
operational amplifiers it will have the characteristics shown
in figure 11 and figure 12.The frequency response is shown
in figure 12. This amplifier has a small signal bandwidth of
45 kHz.
17765
Vin
a
IP1
b
IF
c
+
- R2
K2
R2 = (R1 G) / K3
R2 = (10 k 1.0) /1.0
IP2
Vout
d
APPLICATION NOTE
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
U1
R1
10 k
1 k
IL300a
R2
10 k
K2a
K1a
Vin
3
IP1a
IP2a
U2
3
IL300b
Vout
8
7
K2b
K1b
4
IP1b
IP2b
17766
IP1a
+
IFa
IP2a
Vout
1
R1
0
Vin
+
IP1b
+
1
K1a
0
IFb
IP1a
-1
R1
R2
K2a
0
I IP2B
+
IFa
1
K1b
0
0
+
+I
IP2a
P2B
-R2
K2b
17767
Vin
a
IP1b
b
IFb
c
Vout
APPLICATION NOTE
Application Note 50
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IP1
IP1Q
1
R1
17768
Vin
+
2N3906
OP-177
R1
10 k
VCC
Input
IL300
0.1 F
R2
10 k
100
K2
K1
6
2
100 A
4
100 A
IP1
R2
K3
R1
FS = 1 V
0.1 F
6
OP-177
IP2
Output
GAIN =
100 A current
source
100 A
17770
APPLICATION NOTE
IP1
IF
1
R1
17769
0
Vin
a
Vout
IP2
1
K1
IP1
b
K2
0
IF
c
+ IP2
0
R2 d
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
+
2N3906
OP-07
R1
10 k
IL300
100 pF
VCC
Input
100
100 A
K1
K2
IP1
IP2
10 k
12 k
R2
100 A current
source
100 pF
6
Output
OP-07
100 A
+
100 A current
source
100 A
OP-07
2
LM313
1.2 V
VCC-
12 k
GAIN = R2 K3
R1
FS = 1 V
2N4340
OP-07
2
0.01 F
VCC-
LM313
1.2 V
2N4340
17771
0.01 F
R1
10 k
2N3906
OP-07
100 pF
Input +
100 2
12 k
100 A
VCC-
IP2
100 pF
6
OP-07
5
3
100 A current
source
OP-07
2
7
6
IP1
10 k
10 k
K2
K1
R2
100 A
IL300
1
VCC
1.2 V
3
2N4340
OP-07
2
100
R4
10 k
IL300
K2
K1
3
2
100 pF
OP-07
3
6
2N3906
6
IP1
IP2 5
10 k
12 k
10 k
APPLICATION NOTE
10 k
6
3 +
VCC
Input -
Output
OP-07
100 A
6
10 k
0.01 F
10 k
10 k
LM313
OP-07
2
6
100 pF
R3
10 k
17772
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
R1 = V in max ( K1 I 0 max )
3
+
Va
8
7 VCC
VCC
K2
K1
IF
Vb
IL300
U1
Vin
VCC
(29)
IP2
IP1
IP1
6
U2
VCC
VCC
4
R1
(28)
R2
IP2
Vout
17773
APPLICATION NOTE
VCC
7
- VCC
R1
R2
100
U1
741
+ Vref2
IL300
8
+
7
3
K1
VCC
4
- VCC
VCC
7
K2
2
3
VCC
U2
741
Vout
20 pF
IP1
IP2
4
- VCC
R3
R4
17774
-Vref1
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
R4 = [ R3 G ( R1 + R2 ) ] ( K3 R2 )
(31)
(33)
R4 = 60 k
From equation 31, Vref2 is shown to be twice Vref1. Vref2 is
easily generated by using two 1N914 diodes in series.
This amplifier is simple and relatively stable. When better
output voltage temperature stability is desired, consider the
isolation amplifier configuration shown in figure 25. This
amplifier is very similar in circuit configuration except that
the bias is provided by a high quality LM313 band gap
reference source.
(32)
13.7 k
1N914
Vin
VCC
7
- VCC
U1
APPLICATION NOTE
30 k
4
- VCC
K2
2
+ VCC
20 pF
K1
+ VCC
VCC
6 Vout
U2
741
4
14.3 k
100
741
IL300
+
30 k
22 F
IP1
IP2
30 k
R3
- VCC
4
60 k
- VCC
20 pF
1N914
+
22 F
17775
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
7 VCC
Vin
VCC
18 k
6.8 k
1 k
2N2222
OP07
1.5 k
- VCC
20pF
1 k
Gain
R3
IL300
1
2
2 k
LM313
VCC
10 k
- VCC
0.1 F
Offset
18 k
8
7
K2
K1
10 k
VCC
10 F
2 k
1 k
2 k
6.8 k
LM313
VCC
IP1
IP2
VCC
OP07
6
3
47 F
7
-
+
4 - VCC
20 k
17776
+ VCC
3
90 k
1V
Vin
0.1 V
10 k OP77
470
+ VCC
2
-
900 k
- VCC
K2
Gain adjust
+ VCC
3
4
- VCC
10 k
IL300
K1
20 pF
10 V
9 M
100 V
IP1
IP2
5 k
7.5 k
- VCC
4
5
2
OP77
6
+
0 to 100 mV
Output
+ VCC
+Vref2
- VCC
IP2
APPLICATION NOTE
4
+
+ Vref1
6
7
+ VCC
VCC
- VCC
10 k
-
K1
7
K2
+ VCC
220 pF
4.7 k
OP77
IP1
5 k 8
adjust
IL300
470
OP77
VCC
+
7
73.2 k
+ VCC
Zero
17777
1 k
Tracking Reference
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
- 60
TA = 25 C
- 70
V out
R2 K3 ( U5 ) + R3 R1 K3 ( U2 -)
----------- = R4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V in
2 R1 R2
- 80
- 90
- 100
- 110
Is [ R1 R3 K3 (U2 ) R2 R4 K3 (U5 ) ]
V offset = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------R1 + R2
- 120
- 130
10
100
17778
1000
F - F
2
Inverting
10 k
U2
VCC
+
6
U1
OP-07
4 - VCC
(35)
2.2 k
470
2N3904
100 pF
VCC
IL300
K2
2
K1
3
IP1
IP2
VCC
Gain
1 k 1 %
2 k
7
2N3904
1 k
0.01 F
APPLICATION NOTE
(34)
Common
1.2 V
VCC
+
U4
OP-07
4 - VCC
6.8 k
VCC
U3
OP-07
Output
+
4 - VCC
LM313
1 k 1 %
12 k
- VCC
7
3
10 k 2
Noninverting
+
U5
OP-07
4 - VCC
Zero adjust
2 k
U6
VCC
2.2 k
100 pF
2N3904
470
VCC
IL300
K2
2
K1
6 VCC
3
4
IP1
IP2
17779
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
TA = 25 C
0.05
0.10 0.15
dB
PHASE
-5
- 45
- 10
- 90
- 15
102
- 135
103
104
105
106
F - Frequency (Hz)
CONCLUSION
46
Ip2 = 74.216 A - 6.472 (A/V) x Vin
Ip2 - Output Current (A)
17781
17780
44
TA = 25 C
42
40
38
17810
0.0
- 0.1
- 0.2
- 0.3
- 0.4
- 0.5
- 0.6
- 0.15 - 0.10 - 0.05 - 0.00
4.4
45
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
APPLICATION NOTE
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
6.2 k
IL300
MPSA10
2
3
MPSA10
100 k
Vi n
+5V
K2
K1
Va
15 k
1.1 k
6 5V
IP1
VCC
IP2
Vout
10 k
200
GND1
GND2
17782
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
Ee-5
RL (small)
Ee-4
Photovoltaic
load line
Ee-3
Ee-2
Ee-2
RL (large)
(1a)
APPLICATION NOTE
Photoconductive
load line
Vd/RL
Ee-1
Id
Forward bias
Reverse bias
17783
PHOTOVOLTAIC OPERATION
Photodiodes, operated in the photovoltaic mode, generate
a load voltage determined by the load resistor, R L, and the
photocurrent, IP . The equivalent circuit for the photovoltaic
operation is shown in figure 34. The photodiode includes a
current source (IP), a shunt diode (D), a shunt resistor (RP), a
series resistor (RS), and a parallel capacitor (CP). The
intrinsic region of the PIN diode offers a high shunt
resistance resulting in a low dark current, and reverse
leakage current.
IP
IF
RP
RS
CP
Anode +
IL
Cathode
RL
VO
17784
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
100
300
500
700
1K
3K
5K
7K
10 K
20 K
30 K
50 K
0.40
Vo - Output Voltage (V)
I F = I S [ EXP (V F K ) 1 ]
0.50
(2a)
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
0
10-4
05
100
200
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
10-10
0.0
17785
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Vout = RIp
IL300
K2
(3a)
K1
IF
10-12
IS = 13.94
RS = 50
RP = 15 G
K = 0.0288
APPLICATION NOTE
150
Ip - Photocurrent (A)
17786
3
4
IP1
IP2
Ip
U
+
Vout
17787
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
VL = RL ( IP + ID )
ID
IF
D
RP
1
Percent Difference (%)
IP
(4a).
Cathode
CP
RS
17788
VD
Anode
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
VO
-6
IL
-8
RL
-7
0
10
15
20
17790
APPLICATION NOTE
70 C
101
50 C
(5a)
BANDWIDTH CONSIDERATIONS
PIN photodiodes can respond very quickly to changes in
incident flux. The IL300 detectors respond in tens of
nanoseconds. The slew rate of the output current is related
to the diodes junction capacitance, Cj, and the load resistor,
R. The product of these two elements set the
photo-response time constant.
= R Cj
(6a)
110
IL300
25 C
7
2
10-1
K1
IF
K2
3
10-2
0
17789
10
15
20
25
30
35
IP1
IP2
Vcc
2
V
6 out
U2
-
IP2
3 +
17791
Application Note 50
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Vishay Semiconductors
15
10
45
IFq = 10 mA, MOD = 4 mA
TA = 25 C, RI = 50 W
- 45
-5
dB
PHASE
- 10
- 90
- 135
- 15
- 20
0
0
17792
10
15
20
25
30
20
- 180
103
17793
104
105
106
107
F - Frequency (Hz)
APPLICATION NOTE