he greater palatine foramen is generally located halfway between the gingival margin and midline ofthe palate, approximately 5

mm anterior to thejunction ofthe hard and soft palate (vibrating line) distal to the apex ofthe maxillary second molar
The hard palate is perfonted by the following foramina;
. The incisive foramen, posterior to the maxillary incisors, which transmits the nasopalatine
nerves and the terminal branches ofthe sphenopalatine artery
. The greater palatine foramen, is most Iiequently located distal to the maxillary second molar,
which transmits the greater palatine vessels and nerve

,{nkylosis

ankylosis
is
trauma
condylar
fracture
mandible
will
deviate
away
from
the
affected
side
with:
. Condylar hyperplasia: malocclusion is also a common occurrence with this injury
Remember: The lateral pterygoids (right and leJi) acting together are the prime protractors of the mandible.
Important:
In
addition
to
opening
and
protruding,
the
lateral
pterygoids move the mandible from side to side, For right lateral excursive movements,
the
left
lateral
pterygoid
muscle
is
the
prime
mover
and
vice
versa.
A patient who sustained a subcondylar fractare (unilateral condylar fracture) on lhe
left side would be unable to deviate the mandible to the right (as stated qbove the
mandible v,ill deviate to the side o/ injury with a unilateral condylar fracture, this patient
u'ottlrl not be able to deviate the mqndible to the right) This is normally treated by a closed
procdure involving intermaxillary fixation. This procedure immobilizes the concomitant fractures and
conects
the
displacement
ofthe
jaws
associated
with
the
condylar
ftacture thereby conecting the shift ofthe midline toward the side ofthe fiactured condyle
and
the
slight
prematue
posterior
occlusion
on
that
side.
.
The

ofthe

condyle:

the

most

common

cause

ofTMJ

unilateral

Benzodiazepin(

e0) Radiographic radioulucency in the interradicular area: - invasion

of furcation. (will be present with other clinical m - periodontal abcess
(not enough radiolucent) - periodontal cyst++++g diazepam) ms
relaxant
at supply the gingival buccal tissue of premolars,canines and
incisors: - long buccal - inferior alveolar nerve - superior alveolar nerve mental nerve <branch of IAN>++++

Treatment of fungal infections: - Amphotrecine B (topical treatment) - tetracycline -

Flucnazole (Systemic treatment) - nystatin (topical treatment)

) Provisional luting cement: - prevent restoration from dislodgement++ - -sealing++++

Teeth contact area positions

Diseases in x ray
Hand instrument in operative dentistry

Cortisone dose

Impression materials

Ismuth portion amalgam