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Abstract
The nature of Chemical Process Design
Engineering requires that it utilize methods of design
that sometimes differ from product design, yet clearly,
many overlaps exist. This paper describes the general
procedure for designing a chemical plant, the common
design documents, and todays tools for achieving a
chemical plant design. Parallels and differences
between process and product design are highlighted.
1. Introduction
2.
3.
4.
Product Design and Chemical Process Design often
share the objective of producing a product for a
commercial purpose. In many ways the two are
similar, but process design, as typically taught in the
universities, has historically emphasised the
manufacture of a known product more than the
development of a completely new product. It should
be noted that, to the chemical process engineer the
word product is meant to encompass not only
chemicals, but also energy or other commercially
useful things. A generic process can be described as
follows:
Input
Modification
Steps
Output
Feed
Unloading &
Storage
Feed Stream
Preparation
Reaction
Scheme A
Reaction
Scheme B
Reaction
Scheme C
Recycle
Unit Op.
Configuration
A-1
Reaction
Unit Op.
Configuration
A-2
Separation
Unit Op.
Configuration
B-1-1
Op. conds
Configuration
B-1-2
Unit Op.
Configuration
C-1
Unit Op.
Configuration
C-2
Unit Op.
Configuration
A-3
Waste
Treatment
Process Operations
Chemical Reactions
Distribute the
chemicals by
matching sources
and sinks
Eliminate
differences in
composition
Mixing
4.
Eliminate
differences in
temperature,
pressure and phase
Temperature,
pressure, and phase
change
5.
Integrate tasks;
that is, combine
operations into unit
processes and
decide between
continuous and
batch processing
3.
Separation
3. Summary Comments
As can be observed from the preceding discussion,
there are similarities between product and process
design. The level of design process similarity
undoubtedly depends on many factors, not the least of
which is to what kind of product the chemical
process design is compared to. However, the general
progression of the chemical process design, with the
ever-growing documentation/specification package,
considerations for cost, safety, and regulatory
compliance, creative thinking, idea selection, and so
on, appears very much like a progressive concurrent
product design process, where both product and its
manufacturing process and equipment are developed
concurrently by a cross-disciplinary integrated team.
Although output and scale may be different, it would
reinforce the notion that to a great degree, the design
process is generic across the field of engineering.
4. Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge supporting
funding from the Natural Science and Engineering
Research Council of Canada (NSERC), through their
chairs in Design Engineering program.
5. References
1. Turton, Baille, Whiting, Shaeiwitz
Analysis,
Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes (2nd Ed
2003).
2. Seider, Seader, and Lewin Products & Process
Design Principles, (2004).
3. Rudd, Powers, and Siirola, Process Synthesis (1973)