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Submitted by
Nivetha jayaraman
Introduction
Planning is a continuous process & planning system should be
such that it ensures continuity.
Earlier town planning was a piecemeal process but after
Independence the city planning experienced tremendous growth &
challenges for resettlement due to political changes.
Several resettlement, new Industrial base towns & urban centers
were under process of planning & masters & town planners
conclude that land use plans are needed to guide development of
urban centers to promote orderly development & healthy living
environment.
For this purpose the ministry of Urban affairs & employment,
governing of India organized a national workshop on master plan
approach during February 24-25, 1995. The research study of this
workshop awarded as UDPFI Urban development plans
formulation and implementation guidelines.
Perspective plan:
20-25 years duration .
Includes Maps & Diagrams .
State governments goal, policies, strategies of urban local
authority regarding spatio-economic development.
b. Development plan :
Conceived within Frame work of approved Perspective
plan.
Medium Duration for 5 years.
Proposals for socio-economic & spatial development of
urban centers Including land use.
c. Annual plan:
Conceived within the frame work of Development plan.
Details of new & ongoing projects for local authority
to implement in financial year
Necessary fiscal resources mobilization.
d. Plan of Projects/schemes:
Conceived within the frame work of approved
development Plan.
Includes detailed working layouts with cost of
development, source of Finance & recovery instruments
for Execution by a public or private agency.
Infrastructure
Developed area
average densities
Work force
Commercial
facilities
Traffic and
Recreational
Transportation
facilities
Settlement type
Population
Plain areas
Hill areas
Small town
Medium town
50,000- 5lakh
Large cities
Plain areas
Hill areas
Small town
75-125
45-75
Medium town
100-150
60-90
Large cities
100-150
60-90
Metro cities
125-175
Inference
Work Force:-
20 %
Large cities
25 %
Workers Density
Inference
Medium
Large cities
Metro cities
Residential
45-50
40-45
35-40
35-40
commercial
2-3
3-4
4-5
4-5
Industrial
8-10
8-10
10-12
12-14
Pub& Semi-Public
6-8
10-12
12-14
14-16
Recreational
12-14
18-20
18-20
20-25
Transport &
Communication
10-12
12-14
12-14
15-18
balance
balance
balance
Inference
Land use structure of urban center depends upon its function and size. Due
to higher density in metros the land use for residential purpose is less
compared to smaller areas with less density.
Land use distribution for industrial, commercial and recreational purpose
increases as we move from small town to metro cities.
Infrastructure
Physical infrastructure
Commercial
facilities
Social infrastructure
Water Supply
Educational facilities
Water Requirements
for institutional
buildings
Sewage
Drainage
Electricity
Recreational
facilities
Traffic and
Transportation
Infrastructure
Basic requirement of urban life.
Innovative efforts to ensure wide coverage & equitable distribution.
Small
Medium
Domestic
1.
Absolute Min.
2.
desirable
70 lpcd
100 lpcd
70-100 lpcd
135-150 lpcd
135 lpcd
135-150 lpcd
1% of total demand
10-15 lpcd
20-25 lpcd
30-35 lpcd
Non- Domestic
Fire fighting
Public purpose
Inference
The 135 lpcd of water consumption Includes the need for fire fighting.
Hospital
a.
No. of beds exceeding 100
b.
No. of beds not exceeding 100
Hotels
Hostels
135
135
Restaurants
70 per seat
70
70
45
45
45
15
Inference
Inference
In case of developing cities the Treatment plant shall be planned with possible
future expansion including biogas plant ,energy conservation &environment
considerations .
Electricity
Power supply consumption works out to be about 2 KW per household at
the city level including domestic, commercial, industrial and other
requirements.
1 electric substation of 11 KV for a population of 15,000 is recommended
for towns/ cities.
Inference
Solar power System Shall be emphasized in residential as well as
Institutional Areas.
Bio-gas Plants Shall be Initiated in small & medium Towns.
Social Infrastructure
These facilities shall be provided with 25% additional population.
Incase of metro cities, these facilities serves the regional demand
Incase of small & medium towns ,the villages & surrounding areas depends
on them
College
General hospital
Hospital for 2.5 lakh population capacity
Initially the provision may be for 300 beds
Area for hospital
Area for residential accommodation
Total area
500 beds
4 ha
2 ha
6 ha
b) Intermediate hospital
1 hospital for 1 lakh population capacity
Area for hospital
Area for residential accommodation
Total area
2.70 ha
1 ha
3.70 ha
25 to 30 beds
0.20 to 0.30 ha
d) Dispensary
1 for 0.15 lakh population
Area
0.08 to 0.12 ha
Inference
The ratio of Dispensary is very less as due to polluted environment &
life style of urban areas & accidents occurring everyday these needs to be
improved/modified for metro cities.
Socio-Cultural facilities
a) Community room
1 for 5,000 population area
660 Sq..m
2000 sq.m
c) Recreational club
1 for 1 lakh population area
10,000 sq.m
1,000 sq.m
5000 sq.m
f) Socio-cultural centre
1 for 10 lakh population area
15 ha
Inference
These need to be improved in Metro cities as Music, dance & drama
Centers are Not only Cultural Oriented but its a part Of Industry.
These facilities can be clubbed with Commercial Activity.
Distribution services
a) Petrol pump
One petrol pump for 150 ha of gross residential areas in residential zone
One petrol pump for 40 ha of gross industrial area
Two petrol pumps in each district centre
One petrol pump in each community centre
Inference
These are sufficient & adequate.
b) Milk distribution
One milk booth for 5,000 population.
Inference
These are sufficient & adequate.
c) LPG Godown
One gas Godown for 40-50 thousand population is sufficient for any size of town.
The major concern for its storage and distribution is the location which shall be away
from the residential areas.
Police
Police station
1 for 90,000 population
Area inclusive of essential residential accommodation
1.5 ha
Police post
1 for 0.4 to 0.5 lakh population
Area inclusive of essential residential accommodation
0.16 ha
0.80 ha
4 ha
4.80 ha
4 to 6 ha
10 ha
Fire
1 ha
0.60 ha
Inference
The disaster Management centers & rehabilitation shelters shall be
encouraged in Social Infrastructure.
Infrastructure
Commercial
facilities
Hierarchy of commercial
centers
Traffic and
Recreational
Transportation
facilities
Area of commercial
centers
Distribution of
shops
Commercial Activity
Hierarchy of commercial centers is a function of the hierarchy of planning
units in an urban center
Planning unit
Population Served
Housing cluster
1000-4000
Cluster centre
Sector
5000-20000
Sector centre
Community
25000-100000
Community centre
district
125000-500000
District centre
Sub-city
25 lakh- 50 lakh
city
50 lakh +
City centre
Distribution of shops
Type of shops
district
community
sector
cluster
Formal shops(total)
1250
365
55
24
General retail
1200
295
35
16
Not specified
40
50
30
13
Informal shops
370
110
22
13
General retail
355
88
14
Cluster Centre
Sector Centre
300
1 for 200
Persons
Community Centre
500
1 for 200
Persons
District Centre
880
1 for 300
Persons
Recreational Facilities
Planning unit
Housing cluster
sector
community
district
Type
Area in sq.mt.
Small Town
Medium Town
Large cities
Miscellaneous Facilities
Cremation/ burial ground: Provision of at least 2 sites for 5 lakh
population and to provide one electric crematorium for large size towns.
Dhobi ghat: one site for 1 lakh population with appropriate arrangements
for water and drainage facilities.
Taxi stands/ Bus stops/ Rickshaw stands:-
Classification of
Urban roads
Traffic and
Transportation
Design
standards of
Urban roads
roads
Low Fsi
In India the Fsi ranges between 1.2 to 2% in large cities & 5 to
6 % in mega cities in special cases.
The low value of fsi tends to more consumption of land &
hence Shortage of land is faced for future development. These
affects the lower & middle income group households due to
Increased price of land.
In Asian countries the fsi Practiced is between 5 to 15.Hence
for affordability point of view, the fsi shall be increased to cater
the demand of land for future needs.
Educational Facilities
For safety Purpose the additional Space allocation for Peak Hour
traffic in front of any school, colleges & other Institutions shall
be provided.
Primary & secondary schools to be used in Double shifts with
Bigger intake for efficient use of land.
Educational & institutional Zones must be crated in Master plan.
Land Regulations
Land regulations shall be revised to reduce the difference between what
is allowed & what is Financially feasible.
These can be achieved by More compact cities, more efficient Land Use
& Primary Infra structure.
Increase in consumption of fsi.
REFERENCES
Arthur B. Gallion, Simon Eisner, (1986), The Urban Pattern city
Thank you