Mathematics Extension 2 Term 4 Assessment 2005

Question 1 (15 Marks)

(a)

Marks

Given that = 3 + 2i and = 2 5i, find

(i)
(ii) Re()
(iii) Im()

(b)

2
1
1

Describe geometrically, on an Argand diagram

(i)
(ii)

Re(z) = 2.
Im(z) < 2

1
1

(c)

Expand and simplify (2 3i )

(d)

Calculate the modulus of the product of the roots of the equation

(2 + i)x2 + 3x (1 i) = 0.

(e)

Show that the point representing cos

and centre at (1, 0).

+ isin

is on a circle with radius 1

Question 2 (15 Marks)

(a)

(b)

(c)

The complex number z =

3 + i is represented on an Argand diagram by the point A.

(i)

The points B, C, D and E are the points representing z, iz, 1 z and z

respectively. Mark clearly on an Argand diagram the points A, B, C, D, and E.
Clearly indicate important geometrical relationships between these points.

(ii)

F is the point in the second quadrant such that ABF is equilateral.

What complex number is represented by the point F?

(i)

Find

(ii)

Hence, solve the equation 2z2 (3 + i)z + 2 = 0, expressing the values of z

in the form a + ib.

6i 8 , in the form a + ib.

3
2

A point z on the Argand diagram is given by z = w2 + 2iw, where w = u + iv

and u and v are real. Find the locus of z when
(i) u = 0 and v varies.
(ii) v = 1 and u varies.
(iii) Sketch the two loci, showing any important features.

Term4_HSC_E2_2005/

1
1
2

Mathematics Extension 2 Term 4 Assessment 2005

Question 3 (15 Marks)

Marks

(a)

Sketch the locus |z + 2 3i| 5.

(b)

Show that w = 2 3 i 2 is a root of the equation z3 = 64.

is always real, where z = x + iy and x , y .

(c)

If z 0, show that u = z +

(d)

If z = cos + isin, prove that

(e)

Sketch the region, in an Argand diagram where points satisfy the set of inequalities:
2 |z| 4 and

(f)

arg z

2
= 1 i tan .
1+ z
2

3
3
2

Prove that if Z1, Z2 are complex numbers then |Z1 Z2| 2 + |Z1 + Z2| 2 = 2{|Z1| 2 +|Z2| 2}.

Question 4 (15 Marks)

(a)

2 i is one root of x2 (3 i)x + k = 0. Find k and the other root of the equation.

(b)

Sketch the region in the Argand diagram defined by z 2 z 2 8

(c)

(i)
(ii)

(d)

Find the fourth roots of 2 3 + 2i .

Show that (1 + i) is a root of the polynomial P(x) = x3 + x2 4x + 6.

Hence resolve P(x) into irreducible factors over the complex field.

2
3
5

B END OF EXAM J

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Mathematics Extension 2 Term 4 Assessment 2005 - solutions

Question 1 (15 Marks)
(a)

Marks

Given that = 3 + 2i and = 2 5i, find

(i)
= (3 + 2i)(2 5i) 1mk
= 11 4i 1mk
(ii)

Re() = 11

(iii) Im() = 4
(b)
(i)

1mk

1mk

Describe geometrically, on an Argand diagram

Re(z) = 2.
y

x
1
(ii)

1mk

Im(z) < 2

(c)

Expand and simplify (2 3i )

(2 3i )4

1mk
4

= 24 + 4(2)3(3i) + 6(2)2(3i)2 + 4(2)(3i)3 + (3i)4

= 16 96i + 216i2 216i3 + 81i4
1mk
= 119 +120i
1mk

Term4_HSC_E2_2005/

3
1mk

(d)

Mathematics Extension 2 Term 4 Assessment 2005 - solutions

Calculate the modulus of the product of the roots of the equation
(2 + i)x2 + 3x (1 i) = 0.
1+ i
1mk
Let the roots be , . Then =
2+i
1+ i 2 i
=

2+i 2i
3 + 3i
=
1mk
5
2

(e)

3 2
3 3
+ =

5
5 5

|| =

1mk

Show that the point representing cos

and centre at (1, 0).
Let z = cos

+ isin

+ isin

is on a circle with radius 1

1mk

Now equation of the circle with centre (1,0) and radius 1 is (x 1)2 + y2 = 1

cos

1mk

Since x =

1
3
+i
2
2

1 3
+ = 1 equal to radius of circle
4 4

|z| =

3
1
1 3
and y =
and substitution into LHS = +
= 1 = RHS
2
2
2 2

+ isin

1mk

lies on circle centred (1, 0) and radius 1.

Question 2 (15 Marks)

(a) The complex number z = 3 + i is represented on an Argand diagram by the point A.
(i) The points B, C, D and E are the points representing z, iz, 1 z and z
respectively. Mark clearly on an Argand diagram the points A, B, C, D, and E.
Clearly indicate important geometrical relationships between these points.

Term4_HSC_E2_2005/

Points B, C, D, E with
relationship to point A,
award 1mk each

Just points award 2

marks only

(ii)

Mathematics Extension 2 Term 4 Assessment 2005 - solutions

F is the point in the second quadrant such that ABF is equilateral.
What complex number is represented by the point F?

F must be the same distance from A as B is so must have point ( 3 ,2 )

So has the complex number z2 = 3 + 2i
(b)

(i)

Find

1mk

6i 8 , in the form a + ib.

Let = 6i 8 then let = (a + ib)2 where a, b are Real

a2 b2 = 8 and 2ab = 6 ab = 3 1mk
9
= 8 a4 +8a2 9 = 0
2
a
2
(a + 9)(a2 1) = 0 since a is real a = 1 or a = -1 so b = 3 or b = -3 respectively.
6i 8 = 1 + 3i or 1 3i 1mk
a2

(ii)

Hence, solve the equation 2z2 (3 + i)z + 2 = 0, expressing the values of z

in the form a + ib.

(3 + i ) (1 + 3i )
by quadratic formula
4
1 i
z = 1 + i or z =
1mk
2 2
z=

(c)

1mk

1mk

A point z on the Argand diagram is given by z = w2 + 2iw, where w = u + iv

and u and v are real. Find the locus of z when
(i)

u = 0 and v varies.
when u = 0 then w = iv and z = v2 2v
if z = x + iy where x, y are real x = v2 2v and y = 0
locus is y = 0 1mk

(ii)

v = 1 and u varies.
when v = 1 then w = u + i and z = (u + i)2 + 2i(u + i)
z = (u2 3) + 4ui
if z = x + iy where x, y are real then
x = u2 3 and y = 4u y2 = 16(x + 3)
1mk

(iii) Sketch the two loci, showing any important features.

See next page 1mk each

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Mathematics Extension 2 Term 4 Assessment 2005 - solutions

y2 = 16(x+3)

f (x) = 0

Question 3 (15 Marks)

(a)

Marks

Sketch the locus |z + 2 3i| 5.

1mk for circle centre (2,3)

and radius= 5
1mk for correct region

Term4_HSC_E2_2005/

(b)

Mathematics Extension 2 Term 4 Assessment 2005 - solutions

Show that w = 2 3 i 2 is a root of the equation z3 = 64.

2
2
)
1mk
+ i sin
3
3
w3 = 43 (cos 2 + isin 2) by De Moivres Theorem
= 64 as required
1mk

w = 2 3 i 2 = 4( cos

(c)

If z 0, show that u = z +
z = x + iy then |z|2 = x2 + y2
Now u = z +

is always real, where z = x + iy and x , y .

&

z2 = (x2 y 2) +2ixy
2

1mk

x y + 2ixy + x + y
1mk
x + iy
2 x( x + iy )
=
1mk
x + iy
= 2x which is real as x is real
=

Alternatively:
2
2
z
z z
u=z+
= z+
1mk
z
zz
2
z z
= z+
1mk
(z ) 2
=z+ z
1mk
= x + iy + x iy
= 2x which is real as x is real.
(d)

2
= 1 i tan .
1+ z
2
(
2
1 + cos ) i sin
=

1 + cos + i sin (1 + cos ) i sin

2 + 2 cos 2i sin
=
1 + 2 cos + cos 2 + sin 2

If z = cos + isin, prove that

LHS

3
1mk

2 + 2 cos 2i sin
2 + 2 cos
i sin
=1
1mk
1 + cos
=

2i sin

cos

=1

2
2
2
1 + 2 cos 2 1

=1

i sin 2
cos 2

= 1 itan
Term4_HSC_E2_2005/

= RHS

1mk

[Students could also let t = tan

]
5

Mathematics Extension 2 Term 4 Assessment 2005 - solutions

(e)

Sketch the region, in an Argand diagram where points satisfy the set of inequalities:
2 |z| 4 and

arg z

Arg(z)
= 3

|z| = 4
|z| = 2

1mk for the

boundary
1mk for the region

2
3

Arg(z)
= - 3

(f)

Prove that if Z1, Z2 are complex numbers then |Z1 Z2| 2 + |Z1 + Z2| 2 = 2{|Z1| 2 +|Z2| 2}.
LHS

= |Z1 Z2| 2 + |Z1 + Z2|

= (Z1 + Z2)( ( Z 1 + Z 2 ) + (Z1 Z2)( ( Z 1 Z 2 )
= (Z1 + Z2)( Z 1 + Z 2 ) + (Z1 Z2)( Z 1 Z 2 )
= 2( Z 1 Z 1 + Z 2 Z 2 ) 1mk

= 2 Z1 + Z 2

) = RHS

1mk

1mk

Question 4 (15 Marks)

(a) 2 i is one root of x2 (3 i)x + k = 0. Find k and the other root of the equation.

Let and be the roots of the equation, so let = 2 i

+ 2 i = (3 i) = 1
1mk
= k k = 2 i
1mk
(b)

Sketch the region in the Argand diagram defined by z 2 z 2 8

z 2 z 2 = (z z )( z + z )
= (2iy)(2x) = 4ixy
2
z z 2 4|xy|
4|xy| 8 |xy| 2
Term4_HSC_E2_2005/

1mk
6

Mathematics Extension 2 Term 4 Assessment 2005 - solutions

1 mk for the graphs
and 1 mk for the
correct region.

xy=2

xy=2
xy=2

(c)

Show that (1 + i) is a root of the polynomial P(x) = x3 + x2 4x + 6.

If (1 + i) is a root then P(1 + i) = 0
P(1 + i) = (1 + i)3 + (1 + i)2 4(1 + i) + 6
= 1 + 3i + 3i2 + i3 + 1 + 2i + i2 4 4i + 6
1mk
= 4 + i 3 1 i = 0 1mk
(1 + i) is a root of P(x).
(i)

(ii)

(d)

Hence resolve P(x) into irreducible factors over the complex field.
Since P(x) has real coefficients the complex roots occur in conjugate pairs.
( 1 i) is also a root. 1mk
Let P(x) have roots (1 + i) , (1 i) and
Sum of the roots = (1 + i) + (1 i) + = 1 = 3 1mk
P(x) = (x + 3) { x (1 + i)}{x (1 i)} 1mk

Find the fourth roots of 2 3 + 2i .

Let z = x + iy be one of the fourth roots. Then z4 = 2 3 + 2i
z4 = 16(cos4 + isin4) by De Moivres Theorem.
Equating the real parts 16cos4 = 2 3 1mk
Equating imaginary parts 16sin4 = 2
1mk
1

tan4 =
1mk 4 = + 2k , where k are integers.
6
3
(12k + 1)
=
, where k = 0, 1, 1, 2 1mk
24

11
23
13
Four roots 3 + i are:
, 2cis
, 2cis
2cis , 2cis
24
24
24
24

1mk

B END OF EXAM J
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