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Over the years, the report – formerly known as the operational activity report
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITIES REPORT
REPORT 2015 2015
– has been transmitted to the Governing Council on a biennial basis as an
information document that provides project portfolio trend analysis based on INCREASING
INCREASING SYNERGYSYNERGY
FOR FOR
project acquisition and expenditures.
The Programme’s work has been focused on promoting national urban policy
GREATERGREATER NATIONAL
NATIONAL OWNERSHIP
OWNERSHIP
reforms together with building institutional and human capacities, including
providing support to Governments in the implementation of national urban
plans. UN-Habitat activities and programmes at the global, regional and national
levels are crucial in increasing synergies for greater national ownership of the
various sustainable urban development tools and best practices being promoted
by the United Nations and Habitat Agenda partners around the world.
HS/028/15E
ISBN(Series): 978-92-1-133406-7
ISBN(Volume): 978-92-1-132652-9
HS/028/15E
ISBN(Series): 978-92-1-133406-7
ISBN(Volume): 978-92-1-132652-9
Disclaimer
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or
of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers of boundaries.
Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the
United Nations, or its Member States.
Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated.
Acknowledgement
Director: Alioune Badiane
Principal Authors: Abdallah Kassim, Amrita Jaidka, Alain Kanyinda, Ben Arimah, Jianguo Shen,
Raymond Otieno Otieno
Contributors: Ananda Weliwita, Andre Dzikus, Axumite Gebre-Egziabher,
Channe Oguzhan, David Evans, Dyfed Aubrey,
Elkin Velasquez, Gulelat Kebede, Jean duPlessis,
Joe Hooper, Katja Schaefer, Leila Valente Sirica,
Mutinta Munyati, Paula Pennanen, Paulius Kulikauskas,
Pireh Otieno, Raf Tuts, Remy Sietchiping, Yoshinobu Fukasawa
Design and Layout: Andrew Ondoo
Printing: UNON Publishing Services Section, Nairobi-ISO 14001-certified/cm
urban planning and design are of strategy to expand its earmarked projects initiatives, including joint programming,
utmost importance for the creation of portfolio, has been sustained, from a and urges the United Nations
socially inclusive, resilient, economically level of USD 136 million in 2012, to USD development system to fully utilize such
prosperous and energy-efficient 171 million in 2013 – representing a 25 opportunities in the interest of enhancing
cities that maximize the benefits of per cent increase, and to USD 172 million aid efficiency and effectiveness.
agglomeration, minimize the demand by November 2014. These contributions
for urban mobility and transport, and have enabled UN-Habitat to provide This report is structured around six major
provide conditions necessary for urban strong support of more than USD 162 chapters, following an introduction
economic growth and job creation. million in 2014 alone to 16 countries in providing a global overview of
sub-Saharan Africa, 18 countries in Asia urbanisation and its transformative
As sustainable urban development and the Pacific, 9 countries in the Arab powers. The first five chapters, covering
remains one of the most pressing global States region, and 19 countries in Latin Africa, the Arab States, Asia and the
challenges of the twenty-first century, America and the Caribbean, in addition Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean,
national governments and their partners to regional programmes and normative as well as the European Union and
must consequently pay greater attention global initiatives. Eastern Europe, highlight key activities
and make joint efforts to build greener, implemented by the Agency over the
more harmonious, equitable, inclusive At the same time, the Agency has past two years. The sixth chapter seals
and environment-friendly cities. also continued its collaboration with with activities carried out by the thematic
multilateral and bilateral institutions by branches in collaboration with regional
The Global Activities Report 2015, progressively adopting the “ONE UN” offices in the five regions in which UN-
takes into account the progress made approach and “delivering as One”. In Habitat has been present.
in addressing UN-Habitat’s projects that connection, the Agency recognizes
portfolio with a view to increasing the United Nations Development It is my hope that this document, which
its impact and facilitating national Assistance Framework (UNDAF) and its serves mainly the purpose of information
ownership. An encouraging trend during results matrix as the collective, coherent sharing, will be easy to read in order to
the current reporting period is that the and integrated programming and disseminate results and call for more
earmarked portfolio has continued to monitoring framework for the operations collaboration with interested partners
grow, confirming rising demand for the of the United Nations development where appropriate and when possible.
Agency’s technical expertise. This upward system at the country level, bringing
trend, consistent with UN-Habitat’s increased opportunities for joint
PHOTO: View of downtown Astana, the capital of
Kazakhstan. © Shynar Jetpissova / World Bank
table of contents
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS III CHAPTER 4: Latin America and the Caribbean 53
Foreword IV Introduction 53
Projects activities and outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean 57
Introduction 1
Urbanization: Global Overview 1 CHAPTER 5: The European Union and Eastern Europe 67
Unemployment: the youth and social unrest 4 Russian Federation, Eastern Europe and Central Asia (CIS) 67
Conclusion 94
LIST OF ALL DONORS 2013-2014 95
UN-HABITAT GLOBAL ACTIVITIES REPORT 2015
VIII INCREASING SYNERGY FOR GREATER NATIONAL OWNERSHIP
Introduction
Urbanization: With more than half of humankind of world output in 2010. China’s
living in cities and the number of urban remarkable economic transformation
Global Overview residents growing by nearly 73 million for example is driven by urbanization
The urban age and the every year, it is clear that urban residents and industrialization; the top ten cities
transformative power of now have an “urban mind-set”. It is in China account for 20 per cent of the
urbanization estimated that urban areas account for country’s GDP.
70 per cent of the world’s gross domestic
PHOTO: Metrocable cars arriving at a station in Medellin, Colombia. Metrocable is the first gondola
It is remarkable that only one century product and has therefore generated Urban planning requires a shift from
ago, 20 per cent of the world’s economic growth and prosperity for viewing urbanization mainly as a
population resided in urban areas. In the many. However, when not properly problem, rather towards seeing it as a
lift system in the world dedicated to public transportation. © Jess Kraft / Shutterstock
least developed countries, this proportion designed and managed, cities quite powerful tool for development.
was just 5 per cent. The world has since often pay too high a price of negative
been rapidly urbanizing, for the first time externalities, such as congestion, To address the problem of sustainable
in history in 2008, urban population contamination and large inequalities. urbanization, a three-pronged approach
outnumbered the rural population. This is needed with respect to: (i) urban
milestone marked the advent of a new The transformative power of urbanization regulations, (ii) urban planning and (iii)
‘urban millennium’ and, by 2050, it is is even visible in Africa and Asia-Pacific. urban financial strategy. The coordinated
expected that two-thirds of the world In Africa, the urban population will be effect of efficient and implementable
population will be living in urban areas. growing 1.8 times faster than the global measures in each one of these three
urban population between 2015 and areas is crucial for moving from an
2020. This means that some cities will unsustainable to a more sustainable
double their population in 15 years, and urban future.
others even in a shorter period. All these
Urban areas account numbers underline a qualitative dynamic Current and Emerging Urban
for 70 per cent of unleashed by urbanization forces. Challenges
Some of the key current and new urban
the world’s gross In Asia, 2.1 billion people live in challenges that have emerged over the
domestic product. urban areas; the region is no longer a years are discussed in detail below.
development scourge as once feared.
Being 48 per cent urbanized, the region
has become a global powerhouse,
generating close to 30 per cent
Introduction 1
Figure 1: GlobalGLOBAL
Trends TRENDS IN URBANIZATION
in Urbanization ( 1 9Per
(1950-2050): 5 0 -centage
2 0 5 0 ) : PERC EN TA G E U RBA N
urban
100
90
80
World
70
More developed regions
Percentage urban (%)
40 Asia
30 Europe
Climate change and billion to USD 156 billion. It is crucial to levels of employment and livelihood
resilience of cities recognize that cities must also be part of opportunities, lack of participation in
the solution to the problem of climate decision making and prejudice against
Sea-level rise, tropical cyclones and change. sexual preferences.1
storms, inland flooding and drought are
inflicting heavy losses that are particularly The increase of inequalities Slums continue to increase in most
acute among slum dwellers and the in cities developing countries, reinforcing other
poorest populations, particularly in the Differentials in access to opportunities, forms of inequality. For the majority of
coastal areas. Between 1994 and 2003 income, consumption, location, the world’s population, income disparities
the average annual number of disasters information and technology are now are bigger today than what they were a
reported stood at 307. This increased the norm, not the exception. Gender generation ago. With the exception of
to 373 between 2003 and 2012. At the inequalities persist in many countries most countries in the Latin America and
same time, the annual average number and contexts (lower rates of secondary
of countries affected rose from 104 to education, access to decent employment, 1 UNICEF and UN Women (2013)’Young People and
Inequalities,Online Discussions’ Global Thematic
118, while the average number of people political representation, and the gendered Consultation on Addressing Inequalities, New
killed rose from 53,678 to 106,597, nature of the HIV pandemic). Youth York; Also see UN-Habitat (2010) ‘State of Urban
Youth Report’, dealing extensively with the notion
and the reported economic damage inequalities manifest in discrimination of equity and proposes policies to attenuate lack of
rose from an annual average of USD 55 in access to education, differentiated a level playing field.
5
World
Africa
3
Asia
Europe
2
Latin America and the Caribbean
Northern America
1
Oceania
0
5
0
95
96
96
97
97
98
98
99
99
00
00
01
01
02
02
03
03
04
04
05
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
-2
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
00
05
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
Source: UN-Habitat 2013-2014
the Caribbean region, income and wealth Emergence of new forms to location and place.5 However, in
inequalities have increased since the early of urban poverty, risk and addition to these ‘conventional’ forms
1980s, including the developed regions.2 marginalisation in developed of poverty, new forms of social exclusion
countries and marginalisation are emerging:
Income inequalities combined with other An increasing number of urban residents ‘infrastructure-poor’, immigrant poverty,
forms of inequalities in society reinforce in developed countries experience or young people at risk, vulnerable elderly,
the deprivation faced by many groups are at risk of poverty or social exclusion. among others.6
and individuals based on gender, age, In the European Union, 24 per cent of
ethnicity, location, disability and other the population falls in this category,
factors.3 Inequalities generate an urban one out of ten people live in severe
geography of concentrated disadvantage. material deprivation, and 17 per cent
live on less than 60 per cent of their
country’s average income.4 In many
other cities, the persistence of inter-
generational poverty and economic 5 Sharkey, P. (2013) ‘Stuck in Place: Urban
2 World Bank (2008) ‘World Development Indicators Neighbourhoods and the End of Progress’,
2008’, Washington, DC. ; OECD (2011) ‘Divided disadvantage is inextricably linked University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
We Stand: Why Inequalities Keep Rising’, OECD 6 López M.E. (2010) ‘Addressing new forms of
Publishing, Paris. 4 European Commission (2014) ‘Poverty and poverty and exclusion in Europe’, European
3 UN Open Working Group (2013) ‘Post-2015 social inclusion’, http://ec.europa.eu/social/main. Commission, World and European Sustainable
Development Agenda’, New York. jsp?catId=175 Cities, Insights from EU Research.
Introduction 3
Unemployment: the rates range between 5 and 30 per cent in Demographic changes in cities:
some countries as high as 50 per cent.9 aging populations and the
youth and social unrest Youth unemployment is on average 2-3 youth bulge
times higher than adult unemployment;10
Rising levels of unemployment remain a however, in some countries, particularly Globally, the number of people aged 60
major global challenge. In 1996, there in the Middle East, North Africa, South or over rose from 8 per cent in 1950,
were 161 million unemployed people Europe, and in parts of Central America to 10 per cent in 2000; it is estimated
worldwide.7 This increased to 202 and the Caribbean, it can be 5 to 6 times that it will reach 21 per cent by 2050. In
million in 2013.8 Global unemployment higher. 2013, the number of older persons in the
is particularly severe in finance, world was estimated at 841 million (12
construction, automobile, manufacturing, Youth unemployment causes prolonged per cent of the global population), and it
tourism, services and real estate. In most inactivity, e.g. “worklessness”, and is is expected to reach more than 2 billion
developed countries unemployment also associated with demoralization and in 2050. Projections show that this age
rates varied between 4.5 and 10 per depression. Youth unemployment served group will increasingly be concentrated
cent, although some countries had as a major catalyst for the “Arab Spring” in the developing regions.11 While high
rates as high as 18 per cent in 2013. In in North Africa and the Middle East, and population growth is still a concern in
developing countries the unemployment other countries that had recent social the least developed countries, in many
demonstrations.
7 ILO (2007) ‘Global employment trends brief’, 11 United Nations (2013) World Population Prospects:
January 2007,ILO,Geneva. 9 UN-Habitat (2012) ‘State of Arab Cities The 2012 Revision, Volume I: Comprehensive
8 ILO (2014) ‘Global Employment Trends 2014: The Report’,UN-Habitat,Nairobi. Tables, Department of Economic and Social Affairs,
Risk of a Jobless Recovery’,ILO,Geneva. 10 ILO (2014), op cit. Population Division, New York,
UN-HABITAT GLOBAL ACTIVITIES REPORT 2015
4 INCREASING SYNERGY FOR GREATER NATIONAL OWNERSHIP
left: aerial panorama of Nairobi, Kenya.
© John Wollwerth/Shutterstock
other parts of the world, countries domestic conflict15 in a context of poor Amplification of different
are grappling with slower population governance as witnessed in the unfolding types of crises
growth or even population decline.12 of the Arab Spring. The world has faced cascading crises
One of every two cities in Europe and of all types since 2008; soaring
the countries of the former Soviet Union Commodification of land unemployment, food shortages
experienced negative population growth and housing and attendant price rises, strains on
in the last 20 years. This proportion was Governments in some parts of the financial institutions, insecurity and
as high as 25 per cent in Japan, Australia world have played a major role in the political instability, among other crises.
and New Zealand and 20 per cent in commodification of land through land Participants in the recent protests and
North America. In developing countries, expropriation mechanism, land-use riots in various cities of the world (Cairo,
nearly 10 per cent of the cities have planning powers, informal and illegal Madrid, London, New York, Istanbul,
experienced shrinking populations.13 arrangements. City growth in many Stockholm, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo)
parts is dictated by real estate developers were demanding more equality and
Many countries experience youth and housing finance corporations. The inclusion.
bulge— a significant increase in the supply of subsidized public or social
proportion of persons aged 15 to 24. housing has been reduced in favour of
There are 1.19 billion people within the production of middle- and high-
this age bracket worldwide with 88 per income developments. The housing Global unemployment
cent in developing countries in 2014.14 crash in 2007/2008 was only the most is particularly severe
Youth bulge can represent a potential recent and most severe in a line of
opportunity to spur social and economic housing bubbles.16 Housing has become a
in finance, construction,
development if countries harness the speculative asset rather than a productive automobile, manufacturing,
power of age-structure transformation. one. tourism, services and
They can also increase the risk of real estate.
12 UNFPA, UNDESA, UN-Habitat and IMO (2013) 15 Urdal, H. (2004) ‘The Devil in the Demographics:
‘Populations Dynamics in the Post-2015 The Effect of Youth Bulges on Domestic Armed
Development Agenda, Report of the Global Conflicts, 1950-2000’, Social Development Papers,
Thematic Consultation on Population Dynamics’. Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction 14. World
13 UN-Habitat (2010) State of the World’s Cities Bank, Washington, DC
2008/2009: Harmonious Cities, Earthscan,London. 16 Daily Kos (2011) ‘De-commodifying Housing’,
14 United Nations, Department of Economic and 18 August, http://www.dailykos.com/
Social Affairs, Population Division (2013). ‘World story/2011/08/18/1008351/-De-commodifying-
Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision’, New Housing.
York
Introduction 5
UN-Habitat Portfolio Figure 3). Projects that are not limited
to any particular region comprised 20
Overview per cent of the organization’s project An analysis of the
UN-Habitat has its presence and its work portfolio. 2013-2014 period’s annual
organized along five geographic regions
and seven thematic areas. During the The overall spending on all projects
expenditures show an
2013-2014 biennium, projects in Asia in 2013-2014 was USD 336 million, increase in the budgets for
and the Pacific region took the largest representing a 24 per cent decrease four thematic areas and a
share UN-Habitat’s project portfolio at in expenditure when compared to the decline in budgets for three
40 per cent whilst projects in Europe and previous biennium. The most notable
the former Soviet Union States formed decline in spending was on projects in
areas in 2014 from the
the smallest share, at one per cent. Other two regions; Asia and the Pacific region previous year.
geographic regions such as Africa, the project where spending dropped by 44
Arab States, and Latin America and the per cent [USD 105 million] whilst Latin
Caribbean constituted 18 per cent, 13 America and the Caribbean it fell by 22
per cent, 8 per cent, respectively (see per cent [USD 8 million] (see Figure 4).
1%
8%
LATIN AMERICA AND
EUROPE & FORMER
SOVIET UNION STATES
THE CARIBBEAN
13%
ARAB STATES
40%
ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
18%
AFRICA
20%
GLOBAL PROJECTS
[projects not limited to one
particular country or region]
300
250 239.6
200
USD (Millions)
150 134.6
100
66.8 60.2 59.7
57.8
45.6 44.6
50 35.0
27.0
4.5 3.7
-
Asia and the Pacific Global Projects Africa Arab States Latin America Europe & Former
[projects not limited and the Caribbean Soviet Union States
to one particular country
or region]
2011-2012 2013-2014
Introduction 7
Figure 5: Thematic Distribution of Global Projects*, 2013-2014
THEMATIC DISTRIBUTIO N O F GLO BA L PRO JEC TS*, 2013-2014
2%
Risk Reduction
25%
and Rehabilitation Urban Land,
Legislation and
4% Governance
Research and
Capacity Development
6%
Urban Economy
24%
Others
(This category is cross-cutting; it covers
management, external relations, advocacy
and all that do not fit within
the seven thematic areas)
12%
Housing and
Slum Upgrading
14%
Urban
13% Basic Services
Urban Planning
and Design
*Global Projects - projects not limited to one particular country or region
As compared to the previous period, (USD 3 million). Expenditure reductions from the previous year (see Figure 7). In
the organization’s spending on global were in projects relating to: urban basic 2014, spending in the housing and slum
projects during the 2013-2014 biennium services (USD 9 million); research and upgrading and urban land, legislation
increased in four thematic areas whilst capacity development (USD 3 million); and governance, increased by 44 per
reductions were seen in three areas. As and housing and slum upgrading (USD 1 cent (or USD 1.3 million) and 22 per cent
illustrated in (Figure 6), the increases million). (or 1.6 million), respectively. A notable
were in the following areas: urban decline was in research and capacity
planning and design (USD 8 million); An analysis of the 2013-2014 period’s development where the spending fell by
urban land, legislation and governance annual expenditures show an increase in 62 per cent (or USD 1.2 million) in 2014.
(USD 8 million); urban economy (USD 3 the budgets for four thematic areas and a
million); risk reduction and rehabilitation decline in budgets for three areas in 2014
20 18.9
18 17.0
16.1
16
14
USD (Millions)
12
-
Urban Planning Urban Land, Urban Urban Risk Reduction Research Housing and Others
and Design Legislation and Economy Basic Services and Rehabilitation and Capacity Slum Upgrading
Governance Development
10 9.3
8.6
9
7.7 7.5
8
USD (Millions)
6 5.5
4.8 4.6
5 4.3
4 3.4 3.2
3 2.2 2.1 2.0
2
0.7 0.7
1 0.3
-
Urban Planning Urban Land, Urban Urban Risk Reduction Research Housing and Others
and Design Legislation and Economy Basic Services and Rehabilitation and Capacity Slum Upgrading
Governance Development
Introduction 9
PHOTO: Luanda is both Angola’s chief seaport
and its administrative center.
© Anton_Ivanov / Shutterstock
Africa
Africa is in the midst of simultaneously unfolding
major transitions in its demography, economy,
politics, technological development and
environments.
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on
this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by UN-Habitat.
D I S T RI BU T I O projects
Figure 8: distribution of on-going N O F O N - G OIin
NGafrica,
PROJECTS 2013
IN AFRICA, 2013-2014
- 2014
Somalia 25,776,315
Regional 9,419,752
Liberia 4,973,141
Madagascar 1,968,511
Kenya 1,776,293
Rwanda 1,679,830
Nigeria 1,380,691
Tanzania 1,036,326
Mozambique 531,435
Zambia 277,909
Ghana 256,331
Uganda 250,281
Zimbabwe 181,076
Cameroon 74,780
Ethiopia 52,284
Malawi 43,793
Senegal 33,276
Gabon 22,551
Namibia 19,270
Angola 5,163
2%
Research and
Capacity Development
29%
Urban
Basic Services
8%
Urban Economy
10%
Housing and
Slum Upgrading
10%
Urban Planning 23%
and Design Urban Land,
Legislation and
Governance
18%
Risk Reduction
and Rehabilitation
Source: UN-Habitat 2013-2014
14
11.9
12
10 9.3
USD (Millions)
6 5.4 5.4
4.9
4.5
3.9
4 3.4
2.9
2.2 2.4
2.0
2
0.7 0.7
-
Urban Planning Urban Land, Urban Urban Risk Reduction Research Housing and
and Design Legislation and Economy Basic Services and Rehabilitation and Capacity Slum Upgrading
Governance Development
2013 2014
CO NT R I B UT O R S T O T H E P ORT F OL I O I N AF RI C A, 2 0 1 3 -2 0 1 4 ( i n M i l l i o n s)
UN 19.488,533
European Union 11,653,124
Japan 9,086,538
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) 2,872,189
African Development Bank 2,618,189
USAID 2,532,050
Italy 1,842,642
Sweden 1,451,888
Nigeria 1,428,001
Department for International Development (DFID) 880,669
Denmark 697,883
The Palestinian Ministry of Public Works and Housing 671,753
IBRD/World Bank 638,136
Booyoung 637,410
OPEC fund for International Development 630,196
Rwanda 616,020
Ondo State Government 392,891
Spain 356,030
Norway 285,536
Togo 267,812
The Grand Korean Leisure Company 134,015
Kunshan Housing and Urban Rural Development Bureau 102,348
BASF AG 94,971
Cameroon 74,780
Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) 67,751
FAO - Liaison Office - NY 66,968
Ethiopa 52,284
Cape Verde 47,303
Angola 5,163
Thailand 885
USD ($)
UN-Habitat is implementing
the Sustainable Transport
(SUSTRAN) project in Addis
Ababa, funded through the Global
Environmental Facility (GEF),
which concerns the design of the
bus rapid transit (BRT) system
for the city, the assessment of
the transport demand and the
promotion of non-motorized
mobility solutions.
Rwanda
Since 2013, Implementation of TOP: From Housing Project in Bosaso.
the “Achieving Sustainable Urban © UN-Habitat
Development” (ASUD) which is being
promoted by the UN-Habitat has
supported Rwanda’s ambition to Somalia In Puntland, Bosaso city, UN-Habitat aims
become a middle-income country by In Somaliland, Hargeisa city, UN-Habitat to decongest the port area in Bossaso/
2020. Through the ASUD programme, is implementing presently the most Puntland through road construction,
UN-Habitat is strongly supporting the important infrastructure project in this improving port efficiency and creating
Government’s efforts by providing region: EU and Somaliland Development related livelihoods and increased space
technical support to the formulation Fund (SDF) funded Hargeisa Urban Water for economic activities around the port.
of a National Urbanisation Policy, the Supply Upgrading Project (HUWSUP).
definition of a Spatial Development Hargeisa has grown from less than In Puntland and Somaliland, through
Framework, and the improvement of 180,000 in the 1970s, when the existing three projects funded by the Government
local urban plans at the level of the six water supply system was built, to as of Japan, UN-Habitat provides security
secondary cities which were strategically much as 1,000,000 today, increasing of land tenure and 1,310 permanent
selected. Other UN-Habitat initiatives the demand for water more than 5-fold houses, basic social infrastructure and
include the Participatory Slum Upgrading within approximately 40 years. Hargeisa’s skills training for long-term and most
Programme (PSUP), the Rapid Planning population will continue to grow, and vulnerable IDPs.
(RP) Project supported by the German could reach 1.35 million by 2020. This
Federal Ministry for Education and large-scale engineering and construction
Research, the Participatory and Inclusive project represents the first part of the
Land Readjustment (PILaR) initiative. complete expansion and rehabilitation
of Hargeisa’s water infrastructure and
supply.
The ubiquitous urban poverty and urban Over the past decades, Africa has The 2014 State of African Cities report
slum proliferation so characteristic of experienced a shift in the incidence and concludes that prevailing development
large African cities is likely to become nature of insecurity, conflict and violence. concepts applied to Africa’s rapidly
even more widespread and become Inter-state conflict has significantly expanding urban areas seem incapable of
replicated in the secondary cities. The declined, but urban insecurity and attaining the post-independence visions
new towns and satellite cities now violence have notably increased. The of human development and prosperity
being established to relieve population latter may have deeply negative impacts for all, which seems to indicate that
pressures on Africa’s largest urban on the international investment flows Africa’s approaches to urbanism and
concentrations will also add further to required for the sustained economic major rethinking. Applying in Africa the
urban slum proliferation because these growth that could produce the much urban development practices developed
new towns almost exclusively cater for needed urban-based employment for the very different circumstances in the
the residential needs of higher-income generation for Africa’s young population advanced economies during the 1960s to
groups. It is a near certainty that these cohorts. 80s, is proving increasingly impractical.
new towns will soon be surrounded by
the informal accommodations of the
low-income labour needed to service
these cities.
That is moreover the case since rapidly Urbanisation, industrialisation, sustained Impact of the report
changing global conditions, especially economic growth and broad-based The report was well received and
those associated with environmental human development feed on each launched at the high-level segment of
and climate change, looming resources other and, under the correct guidance, the 2014 African Ministerial Conference
scarcity and the dire need to move can become mutually reinforcing. For on Housing and Urban Development
towards greener and more sustainable the latter to happen, Africa will need (AMCHUD. Thousands of electronic
development options, now weigh heavy to profoundly re-imaging what exactly copies of the report have meanwhile
on all nations, including those in Africa. constitutes the road to sustainable urban been downloaded and UN-Habitat has
Since Africa’s population is still well transitions. embarked on identifying the modalities
below the 50 per cent urban threshold, that can help African nations raise the
there is a window of opportunity for funds for renewed approaches to urban
major reconceptualization of new development.
approaches to African urbanism.
Arab States
The urban population in Arab countries grew by
more than four times from 1970 to 2010 and will
more than double again from 2010 to 2050.
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on
this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by UN-Habitat.
Background Urbanization Social inequality in many Arab countries on the development of national
is most apparent in urban areas, both strategies and ambitious projects by
Trends and Impact on within and between cities. The traditional paying greater attention to secondary
the Arab Region gender bias has been normative in both agglomerations and improving conditions
urban and rural settings, and is the most in urban areas. A key challenge has
Urban demographics critical challenge to gender equality. been the disconnection of national
High urbanization rates in the Arab Arab countries face an enormous youth socio-economic, sectorial and financial
region have been driven by various bulge challenge, with 60 per cent of planning cycles and targets with
factors. Despite natural population the population below the age of 25. spatial planning efforts addressing
growth, socio-economic transformation Employment opportunities for youth are urban management and basic urban
and imbalanced economic development limited, besides exclusion from decision- service requirements. Cities often lack
have stimulated not only rural-urban making processes. management and technical capacities
population movements, but also and human resources needed to
increased international labour migration Land and Urban Planning adequately guide their development and
nationally and across the Arab region. In order to dwell on the economic plan for urban expansion.
advantage of cities, most governments
in the Arab region have embarked
C H A P T E R t w o : A r a b S tat e s 25
TOP : Ezbet El Haggana, Egypt.
© UN-Habitat
C H A P T E R t w o : A r a b S tat e s 27
DISTRIBU TION OF ON- GOING P R O JE CT S I N A R A B S T A T E S , 2 0 1 3 -2 0 1 4
Figure 12: Distribution of on-going projects in Arab States, 2013-2014 (in millions)
Iraq 13,512,015
Palestine 8,390,815
Lebanon 7,853,904
Sudan 4,709,365
Egypt 3,813,290
Kuwait 881,580
Jordan 302,447
Morocco 186,067
6%
Research and
Capacity Development
9%
Urban Land,
6%
Legislation and Urban
Governance 5% Basic Services
Housing and
Slum Upgrading
4%
Others
2%
Urban Economy
21%
Urban Planning
and Design
47%
Risk Reduction
and Rehabilitation
18
16.1
16
14
12
USD (Millions)
10
6
4.7
4.2 4.1
4 3.0 2.7
2.3
1.4
2 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9
0.0 0.4 0.0
-
Urban Planning Urban Land, Urban Urban Risk Reduction Research Housing and Others
and Design Legislation and Economy Basic Services and Rehabilitation and Capacity Slum Upgrading
Governance Development
2013 2014
Source: UN-Habitat 2013-2014
C H A P T E R t w o : A r a b S tat e s 29
Figure 15: Contributors to the portfolio in Arab States, 2013-2014 (in Millions)
UN 14,126,625
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 6,293,130
Saudi Arabia 3,944,778
Belgium 3,406,739
Egypt 2,850,697
United States 1,716,667
European Union 1,638,563
Japan 1,415,946
Libya 1,299,651
Norway 1,162,130
USAID 1,062,244
France 1,031,203
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) 967,774
Kuwait 881,580
Iraq 624,939
VNG International 524,250
Spain 491,780
Department for International Development (DFID) 449,190
Agence Francaise de Development 166,576
Denmark 129,861
Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) 124,852
Jordan 109,058
The Ford Foundation 93,215
IBRD/World Bank 89,800
Plan International 21,628
Morocco 19,491
Bahrain 16,647
USD ($)
C H A P T E R t w o : A r a b S tat e s 31
need of the most vulnerable and most a country and as a government, in the implementation of its Urban Sector
marginalized. developing a growth-orientated and Strengthening Project and Housing Sector
rules-based private sector economic Strengthening Projects in Iraq.
Working in close coordination with reality to enhance the living standards
civil society on the ground, the project of the population as well as laying the Strengthening Urban and
promotes, at the local level, a different groundwork for future economic stability. Regional Planning in KRG
approach to security and safety was The project aims to improve system for
undertaken. An overall upstream private sector urban and regional planning, establishing
development strategy was designed in urban planning units in Erbil Governorate
In order to develop a more holistic co-operation with the Government of and within Ministry of Municipalities and
approach to community security, the Iraq, based upon wide-ranging primary Tourism, and improve the capacity of
project looks at strengthening the data production exercises, to anchor a staff so that they can perform planning
relationship between civil society, citizens, long-term policy vision. duties.
local authorities, Regional government
and the security sector officials through UN-Habitat is thoroughly familiar After the request of the Ministry of
the creation of coordination platforms with city planning processes and land Planning to strengthen the capacity of
as well as the implementation of trust allocation and titling systems through the Urban Planners within the Ministry
building and crime prevention activities.
The project seeks to protect human rights
and enhance the rule of law in Kurdistan
Region.
The aim of this Programme and TOP: Water tanks for domestic use a community initiative in Aleppo, Syria.
approach was to assist Iraq, both as © UN-Habitat
C H A P T E R t w o : A r a b S tat e s 33
TOP : Aleppo, Syria.
© UN-Habitat
C H A P T E R t w o : A r a b S tat e s 35
capacity development for decades. The Activities at international level to facilitate the immediate improvement
“Institutional Development and Capacity In 2013, UN-Habitat Morocco of living conditions and easing of
Building of the Urban Planning Agency” participated in the International displacement pressures. Resolution
programme was initially developed to Colloquium on Urban Agriculture 23/2 (April 2011) called on the Agency
support the National Spatial Planning (Casablanca), the International to “further focus its operations on
and introduce Geographical Information Conference on Cultural Heritage, Tool planning, land and housing issues in
System (GIS) to the UPA. for Local Development and Democracy view of improving housing and human
(Tunisia) and the United Cities and Local settlement conditions of Palestinians.
Emergency Housing Policy and Government’s World Summit of Regional
Technical Advice to the Ministry and Local Leaders (Rabat). Prince Nayef Bin Abdul-Aziz Project
of Housing and Utilities for Reconstruction of Gaza
After the 2011 uprisings in Libya, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia UN-Habitat constructed 80 units for non-
UN-Habitat has been tasked to support refugee families through the Palestinian
the Ministry of Housing and Utilities Housing Council programme. The
in the preparation of an Emergency improve evidence- beneficiaries have completed training and
Housing Policy and provide technical support for income generation activities
advice to the Ministry in the field of
based policy analysis such as running a mini markets. A total
housing reconstruction. and government of 95 women and their dependents
moved into their newly constructed
Morocco
responses achieved by
housing units in October 2014.
Support to the Cities without seventeen Saudi cities,
Slums Programme Construction of Technical,
as measured by the Vocational and Entrepreneurship
The programme focuses on three areas:
i) support and technical support to Al City Prosperity Index Training Centre for Underprivileged
Omrane programs to improve the living Women
conditions, socio-economic integration The Centre for Women has been
and urban poverty reduction, by constructed and equipped. Various
supporting the definition of a strategic courses have been commissioned and run
framework ii) new town, enhancing In 2014, UN-Habitat Morocco from the Centre, after the participatory
the attractiveness and socio-economic participated in the 5th Plenary Session of rapid appraisal workshop on training
integration, by supporting the dialogue the Euro-Mediterranean Regional and needs. The management arrangement
and cooperation framework among Local Assembly (ARLEM) (Tangier) and the is being concluded with Hebron
partners and promoting local governance 5th African Ministerial Council on Housing Municipality.
and iii) development of HAO’s and and Urban Development (AMCHUD)
Ministry’s international programs. (Ndjamena). Palestinian National Spatial Plan
Support to the Ministry of Planning on
The activities developed are the support Palestine preparation of a development vision
to the production and dissemination UN-Habitat presence in the occupied for independent Palestine within the
of publications, networking and Palestinian territory is governed by 1967 boundaries. Various sector papers
participation of national decision-makers resolutions adopted in Governing have been prepared, including work on
into international conferences to promote Council. In its resolution 19/18 of 9 May mobility, freight and external transport
city policy process in Morocco. 2003 the Governing Council established links as inputs to the exercise, staff
the Special Human Settlements recruited for the Planning Office and
Programme for the Palestinian People regular technical advice provided to the
(SHSPPP). The objective of the SHSPPP is National Spatial Planning Team.
C H A P T E R t w o : A r a b S tat e s 37
planning, design and identification of one of the traditional migration routes in Syria
proper technical solutions. A capacity Southern Darfur. The two communities
development programme was delivered are benefiting from demarcation of the
to the three Ministry of Planning and 115 km routes, establishment of new The profiles assess urban
Urban Development (MPUDs) focusing water projects, and income generating functionality, highlight
on urban and regional planning and land activities for young unemployed men and
“hotspots” where
management. women along the route.
vulnerability is acute, and
Participatory and Gender-Balanced Emergency Flood Response in include more detailed
Urban and Regional Planning, Khartoum States for Vulnerable
Land Management, environmental Communities analysis of housing, water
friendly Construction and This strengthens government and
supply, sanitation, road
Sustainable Livelihood in community capacities to conduct networks, electricity,
Blue Nile State emergency construction of public health and education, food
This project is contributing to the facilities and the necessary infrastructure
security, mobility.
application and the realization of a through adaptation and implementation
number of human rights articulated of resilient to floods urban planning
under Paris Declaration, including people and building techniques. Some of the
of the Blue Nile have the right to a expected results are to develop the
standard of living for their health and required institutional and managerial
well-being, and other human rights also capacity of the state and locality City Profiling
include access to employment, basic government institutions regarding urban UN-Habitat has produced four City
services and land, housing and property planning, land management and public Profiles for Aleppo, Homs, Dara’a and
rights. services delivery through a “learning by Lattakia. The profiles assess urban
doing” process. functionality, highlight “hotspots” where
The project provides guidance to the vulnerability is acute, and include more
local government and local leaders for Syria detailed analysis of housing, water
supporting decision making on where Major displacement from and to urban supply, sanitation, road networks,
to invest and carry out reconstruction centres have occurred putting 12.2 electricity, health and education, food
activities. million people in a vulnerable situation security, mobility.
and in urgent need for humanitarian
Peace Building through Natural assistance; 7.6 million of those in need Urban Information Management
Resource and Land Management are internally displaced (OCHA, 2014). System
and Livelihoods in South Darfur Basic infrastructure and social services UN-Habitat has established two GIS
The project promotes community level have been severely affected by damage units in the municipalities of Lattakia
trust, confidence and peace building and lost capacity. UN-Habitat’s Syria and Ma’raba and conducted training
throughout the Southern State of programme focuses on emergency for a total of 9 staff members who
Darfur. Hereby, the project contributes shelter and housing, water, sanitation will operate the system from their
to the peace building along the selected and hygiene (WASH), solid waste municipalities. A wider training was
migration route through a realistic management, and urban information also conducted for 65 municipal staff
participatory approach to address the management, including City Profiles and on urban information management
competition over natural resources Neighbourhood Profiles. during emergencies. A web-based urban
being one of the main root causes of information system has been developed
the conflict, particularly land and water and implemented.
between farmers and pastoralists along
C H A P T E R t w o : A r a b S tat e s 39
Box 2: RTOs model established in Unions of Municipalities - Lebanon
Following the UN-Habitat’s well- received initiative of establishing and funding of three Regional Technical Offices (RTOs) at the level of Unions of
Municipalities (UoMs), in response to address the July 2006 Israeli war on Lebanon, UN-Habitat replicated the model and currently supports two RTOs in
Chouf and Saida district. The RTO model provides an example of the importance of working in a strategic manner to enhance capacities at the municipal
level to respond to emergencies, in addition to planning and community development.
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on
this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by UN-Habitat.
C H A P T E R three : A s i a a n d t h e Pa c i f i c 43
Figure 16: DistributionD ISTRIBUTIO N O F O N-GO
of on-going ING PROJECTS
projects I N ASI
in Asia and A AND
theTHE PACI FI C, 2013-2014
Pacific, 2013-2014 (in millions)
Afghanistan 51,925,074
Myanmar 17,000,189
Bangladesh 13,390,248
Pakistan 7,214,642
Nepal 4,301,515
Regional 3,753,262
Philippines 2,822,361
Iran 940,579
Mongolia 739,056
Vietnam 677,681
Timor-Leste 558,646
China 384,727
Laos 357,143
Cambodia 323,618
Samoa 290,644
Indonesia 114,466
India 55,221
Japan 47,034
USD ($)
Source: UN-Habitat 2013-2014
In the 2013-2014 biennium, as In these countries, and the region as a and slum upgrading increased threefold,
illustrated in Figure 16, nearly two- whole, three thematic areas constitute from USD 9.1 million in 2013 to USD
thirds of UN-Habitat project expenditure nearly 90 per cent of project spending: 29.2 million 2014. Also, there was a
in the region was in three countries: risk reduction and rehabilitation, housing significant increase in disbursements to
Afghanistan (39 per cent), Sri Lanka and slum upgrading and urban basic projects in the areas of risk reduction and
(21 per cent), and Myanmar (13 per services (Figure 17). An analysis of the rehabilitation (see Figure 18).
cent). yearly spending in the biennium shows
that the budget allocation for housing
0.1%
Urban Economy
1.3% 37.2%
Urban Land, Legislation
Risk Reduction
and Governance
and Rehabilitation
1.5%
Research and
Capacity Development
1.8%
Others
6.9%
Urban Planning
and Design 28.4%
Housing and
Slum Upgrading
22.7%
Urban
Basic Services
T H E MA T IC D IS T RI BUT IO N OF P OR T F OL I O I N A S I A A ND T H E P A C I F I C , 2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 4
Figure 18: Thematic Breakdown of Portfolio in Asia and the Pacific, 2013-2014
35
30 29.0 29.2
25
USD (Millions)
21.1
20 18.0
15
12.5
10 9.1
5.6
5 3.6
1.3 1.5 1.1 1.4
0.5 0.0 0.1 0.6
-
Urban Planning Urban Land, Urban Urban Risk Reduction Research Housing and Others
and Design Legislation and Economy Basic Services and Rehabilitation and Capacity Slum Upgrading
Governance Development
2013 2014
Source: UN-Habitat 2013-2014
C H A P T E R three : A s i a a n d t h e Pa c i f i c 45
D I S T R I B U T I O N O F O N - G O ING P R O J E C TS I N A SI A A ND TH E P A C I F I C , 2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 4
Figure 19: Contributors to the portfolio in Asia and the Pacific, 2013-2014 (in Millions)
Japan 35,822,701
UN 26,284,270
European Union 24,443,624
MRRD Afghanistan 10,131,956
JICA 9,852,765
USAID 7,304,347
AusAID 5,134,610
India 3,669,321
Afghanistan 2,376,722
Norway 1,270,413
Spain 1,047,455
Canadian International Developement Agency (CIDA) 952,510
Iran 940,579
IBRD/World Bank 740,065
Coca Cola 715,978
China Environmental Protection Foundation (CEPF) 659,330
South Korea 532,701
Netherlands 512,086
Action Aid 476,737
Malteser International 323,618
Global Green Growth Institute 253,000
Sweden 209,815
204,694
USD ($)
Source: UN-Habitat 2013-2014
Indonesia
In 2014, UN-Habitat and the Government
of Indonesia transitioned from a
conventional relationship of technical
cooperation supported by traditional
donors to a relationship of strategic
collaboration, with the preparation for
Habitat III and the formulation of a New
Urban Agenda as a launching pad.
C H A P T E R three : A s i a a n d t h e Pa c i f i c 47
TOP : Traffic jam in Beijing’s Central In 2014, UN-Habitat completed the Cities Myanmar
Business District, China. Alliance funded project “Making Urban UN-Habitat supports the Government
© Hung Chung Chih /Shutterstock Investment Planning Work; building of Myanmar to enhance knowledge
on the Indonesian CDS experience”. and skills to introduce and re-engineer
The CDS approach – consultative and land administration systems which are
In January 2014, UN-Habitat completed citywide – was proposed to complement outdated and inefficient. It has also
the European Union funded project the budgeting exercises of the Ministry of trained local government and land
on Post-Conflict Assistance to West- Public Works and Public Housing. registration department staff to work on
Timorese Women and Indigenous the new platform of land registration.
Communities that had absorbed large A new MOU was signed, with Indonesia
numbers of ex-combatants. Over 3 to support Habitat III preparations UN-Habitat has as well been supporting
years, UN-Habitat provided training and UN-Habitat to support capacity affected communities with a
to 621 government officials, of which building of young Indonesian urban comprehensive recovery concept and
240 were female. At the end of the officials and professionals. On World has also initiated urban management
programme, UN-Habitat supported the Habitat Day 2014, the Ministry of Public and governance programme. UN-Habitat
National Development Planning Ministry Works launched its own City Changer is conducting a number of researches
(BAPPENAS) to absorb strategic advice on campaign. In November 2014, the to supplement the ongoing policy
indigenous land tenure management and Ministry convened a first EGM on the work with the Urban Resource and
on the accelerated basic service provision Asia Pacific Preparations for Habitat III, Development Institute.
for the next 5-year’ national development with selected Least Developed Countries
plan of Indonesia, especially with regard for the preparation of National Reports.
to development in the poorest Eastern
parts of the country.
C H A P T E R three : A s i a a n d t h e Pa c i f i c 49
Funding for this programme has been
Box 3: Creating a road map for the Myanmar Urban Future
provided by the Government of Australia
(DFAT).
The Urban Research and Development programme made the city leaders understand
Institute, established in 2012 with the that the urban planning is an emerging need In close collaboration with diverse
partnership of UN-Habitat, the Government for Myanmar cities if their cities were to be stakeholders, 620 youths have been
of Myanmar and Government of Norway, has competitive and efficient in the region.
trained on advanced construction
gradually developed as the hub of all urban UN-Habitat was recognized as the key skills (masonry and carpentry) and
initiatives ranging from training municipal partner to formulate a National Urban
staff on city development strategies 14,800 homeowners trained on
Policy and National Housing Policy at the
in formulating documents of strategic basic construction skills while 633 of
Government’s National Conference on
importance such as Myanmar National urban and housing policies which
community members, including 300
Building Code. UN-Habitat expertise shall be provided for women, have been provided with
At the city level, engagement through the development of a road map for better leadership training.
training events, support for resilient city urban future for Myanmar.
planning, and facilitation to link to urban
networks such as 100 resilient cities
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on
this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by UN-Habitat.
Introduction The region continues to record the non-traditional funds from national, sub
highest disparity of incomes in the national and local governments who
The Latin America and the Caribbean world and this is also true for cities as request and fund technical advice on
(LAC) is the most urbanized region in demonstrated by recent UN-Habitat UN-Habitat expertise.
the world, with a rate of around 80 per reports. The Latin America and the
cent. The region has reached a stable Caribbean region are mostly composed The culture of informed decision making,
urban growing pattern; however, this of Middle income Countries (MIC) and planning and monitoring are spreading
pattern was basically created during the have only one Least Developed Country over the region. For this reason there is a
rapid urbanization period (1960-2000) (LDC), Haiti. There are willingness and great interest for methodologies like the
when new urban dwellers were hosted interest to employ good technical City Prosperity Index (CPI), which is now
by poorly planned cities. The result cooperation services. For this reason, being implemented in several cities. City
is a number of negative externalities the Regional Office for Latin America or sector Profiles are also being requested
(inefficiency in land use, urban sprawl, and the Caribbean has received in the and have been developed in Colombia,
congestion, etc.). last four years a high per centage of Cuba, El Salvador, and Mexico and in
Haiti 9,753,180
Colombia 5,430,814
Brazil 5,290,804
Regional 2,564,805
Mexico 1,091,973
El Salvador 924,900
Cuba 746,624
Ecuador 698,230
Venezuela 234,650
Guatemala 215,062
St Lucia 42,411
0 5,000,000 10,000,000
USD ($)
Source: UN-Habitat 2013-2014
2%
Others 31%
Risk Reduction
4% and Rehabilitation
Urban
Basic Services
7%
Research and
Capacity Development
8%
Urban Economy
9% 27%
Housing and
Urban Land, Legislation
Slum Upgrading
and Governance
12%
Urban Planning
and Design
T H E M A TI C B R E A K D O W N O F P O RT F O L I O I N L A T I N A M E RI C A A N D T H E C A RI BBE A N , 2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 4
Figure 22: Thematic Breakdown of Portfolio in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2013-2014
7
6.3
6
5
USD (Millions)
4.0
4
3.4
3
2.2 2.1
2
1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3
0.9 0.9
1 0.6
0.3 0.3 0.3
-
Urban Planning Urban Land, Urban Urban Risk Reduction Research Housing and Others
and Design Legislation and Economy Basic Services and Rehabilitation and Capacity Slum Upgrading
Governance Development
2013 2014
C O NTRIB U T O R S T O T H E P O R T F O L IO I N L A T I N A M E RI C A A N D T H E C A RI BBE A N ,2 0 1 3 - 2 0 1 4
UN 11,404,327
Instituto Pereira Passos/Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro 4,328,515
Spain 2,849,793
European Union 1,504,908
AusAID 790,537
COSUDE 746,624
BASF AG 746,301
ISVIMED 738,240
Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro (PCRJ) 596,668
S.D.D.E 545,473
Zapopan 358,002
Mexico 356,386
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies 342,716
GUADALAJARA 340,217
CEPA 336,279
Fundacao Euclides da CUNHA (FEC) 323,361
Brazil 229,084
Corporacion Andina de Fomento (CAF) 176,885
ICBF 142,907
IBRD/World Bank 72,920
Bahrain 42,411
Cajame 35,406
Corporacion Volver a la Gente 11,707
0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000
USD ($)
• Dedicated attention shall be paid to • Tailored strategies and projects city prosperity initiative, etc.) can
new development partners, i.e. cities shall be developed by the agency in result in relevant but new responses
and governments of the region, order to develop evidence to show to countries and cities own social
including the private sector. the way the new expertise (urban and economic priorities.
development integrated approach,
Metropolitan Governance metropolitan governance. The outcomes in the country. It was for this reason that
in the State Of São Paulo – include: (i) facilitation by UN-Habitat UN-Habitat was requested to offer input
Facilitating The Formulation And of the implementation of the Macro- for the elaboration of these documents
Implementation of São Paulo metropolitan Action Plan (PAM), through focusing on territorial planning processes
Macro Metropolis Action Plan and the elaboration of a governance strategy and urban management to articulate
its Portfolio Projects for PAM portfolio projects and by urban policies with the full development
The accelerated process of urbanization ensuring the implementation capacity of of the municipalities affected by
and the increasing importance of the key involved actors. metropolitan dynamics. It is expected in
metropolitan regions in Brazil have mid-2015 to increase awareness around
recently brought to light the debate Urban Planning and Territorial metropolitan and regional management
around metropolitan governance and Management in Metropolitan and governance shall be achieved among
planning in the country. The overall Regions - Inputs for the Elaboration national and sub-national institutions
objective of this initiative is to support of the Brazilian Policy on through the consolidation and advocacy
EMPLASA in the implementation of São Metropolitan Governance of the proposals for the a) National Legal
Paulo Macro-Metropolis Action Plan In 2013, the Brazilian Ministry of Cities Framework on Metropolitan Governance
through the development of a model of wanted to elaborate the National Legal and for the b) methodology of Integrated
metropolitan governance. The overall Framework for Metropolitan Governance Urban Development Plan (PDUI).
objective of this initiative was to support and the Integrated Urban Development
EMPLASA in the implementation of São Plan in order to establish common
Paulo Macro-Metropolis Action Plan legal definitions and guidelines for
through the development of a model of metropolitan and regional development
The municipalities that adopt the MDGs Adopting a management strategy UN-Habitat/ROLAC has provided
and establish local targets and indicators oriented towards concrete results, technical cooperation to the Consortium
for the development of their plans, which can be measured; having local including the institutional design of the
policies and programs have the following policies in line with developmental consortium itself and the development of
advantages: strategies adopted by State and Federal proposals that guarantees the principle of
governments, what allows the allocation the right to the city for all. On December
Potential for attracting the local of financial resources of Federal and State 2012, the fifteen Mayors sent an official
community to the dialogue, considering governments in their territories; aligning letter to UN-Habitat and Petrobrás
the nature of the MDGs message; public policies around common goals. recognizing the importance of the project
and asking for the continuity.
Defined targets and indicators for An inter-municipal consortium, such
increasing the supply and to improve as the CONLESTE, which aggregates
the quality of public services; facilitating 15 municipalities, enhances the
the monitoring and evaluation of public improvement of the conditions for
policies and measuring their results using sustainable development in the
consolidated indicators; participating municipalities.
Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on
this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by UN-Habitat.
UN-Habitat has so far treated Eastern In another dimension, 6 countries remain period this work has been focussed on
Europe as defined by the informal UN members, associate members or the de determining priorities for co-operation
regional grouping, represented in the facto participants of the Commonwealth and to supporting the preparation of the
voting blocs comprised of at least 23 of Independent States, which includes, national reports to Habitat III – which
countries17. As of 2013, 11 among these in addition the 5 countries of Central will be the main source for sourcing the
countries have joined the EU. Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, priorities.
3 are Candidate countries to the EU. Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.
6 are covered by EU “Neighbourhood
Policy” as “Eastern Neighbourhood”. European Union and
Russian Federation, its neighbourhood
Eastern Europe and
Since November 2013, UN-Habitat has
Central Asia (CIS) been actively engaging with the EU
The work of UN-Habitat in the sub region Member States through participating
is supported by the annual contribution in the work of the informal EU Urban
17 Albania; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Bosnia and
of the Russian Federation (USD Development Group. The group convenes
Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic;
Estonia; Georgia; Hungary; Latvia; Lithuania; FY 400,000) which is used for financing under each successive Presidency of the
Republic of Macedonia; Moldova; Montenegro; the activities managed by the Habitat European Union.
Poland; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia;
Slovakia; Slovenia; Ukraine.
Programme office in Moscow. In this
Selected activities by
thematic branches
Urban Land, Legislation The 2013 and 2014 period reflected informs the implementation of city-level
and Governance growing interest in the Agency’s urban concept plans and recommendations.
law approach and demand for its Participatory workshops have also been
Urban Legislation services. In Latin America, legislative instrumental in developing local ‘legal’
Evidence shows that well formulated analysis was undertaken in Medellin, capacity to manage urban challenges.
law, based on sound policy, i) supports Colombia, as part of the Agency’s global The studies will be completed by mid-
equitable governance, planning and pilot project on Participatory and Inclusive 2015 and include normative conclusions
project implementation; ii) creates a Land Readjustment (’PILaR’). The urban on the development of appropriate legal
stable and predictable framework for legal baseline study conducted for this structures for urban development.
both public and private sector actors; project contributed directly to the City of
and iii) provides a platform for integrated Medellin’s detailed plan for the pilot. A key part of the UN-Habitat’s urban
local and national sustainable urban law work is to understand the current
development practice. The UN-Habitat In Africa and Asia, detailed legislative and emerging legal challenges in urban
Urban Legislation Unit was established in analysis and advisory work continued in development. Building on the interest in
May 2012 to lead the Agency’s work on the Philippines, Rwanda, Mozambique debates about law, equity and inclusion
developing evidence-based, collaborative and Egypt, as part of UN-Habitat’s in the 2014 World Urban Forum, a
approaches to urban development ‘Achieving Sustainable Urban gathering of international and local
assistance; developing innovative tools Development’ (ASUD) programme. This planning and legal experts was held in
and methodologies to address particular programme provides case studies of Guinea Bissau (July 2014). Organised
problems in urban law reform; and, sustainable urban development based in partnership with the Faculty of Law
building knowledge and understanding on the elements of planning, finance (Bissau), this event deepened participants’
of urban law via effective information and legislation. The empirical evidence understanding of the foundational legal
and communication platforms. gathered provides vital inputs for national and planning frameworks required for
legal and policy reform processes and sustainable urban development. The
S e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i e s b y t h e m at i c b r a n c h e s 71
outcomes report will be translated into of London, the first ‘Urban Law Day’ The Gender Evaluation Criteria (GEC) tool
Portuguese and used as a tool to engage was held in February 2014. UN-Habitat’s was implemented in 40 countries and
the new government on essential urban approach to urban law is gaining traction contributed to more equitable access to
development challenges facing Guinea within the United Nations system. land for women. In collaboration with
Bissau. other units in the Agency, a Participatory
Urban Land and Inclusive Land Readjustment
UN-Habitat’s work on urban law During 2013-2014 the Land and methodology wee piloted in Colombia.
includes the gathering of empirical GLTN Unit supported interventions on
evidence that helps answer questions tenure security in four regions (Africa, The Land Policy Initiative in Africa
such as ‘Where do urban laws facilitate Asia-Pacific, Arab States and Eastern was also supported with capacity
change and growth?’, or ‘Which laws Caribbean) and directly in seven countries development to implement the
are contributing to regressive urban (Uganda, DRC, Kenya, Colombia, Haiti, 2009 Declaration on Land Issues and
outcomes?’ We conducted case studies Iraq and Namibia). UN-Habitat facilitates Challenges in Africa. Other regional
from developing contexts (Ghana), the secretariat of the Global Land Tool platforms on land issues were also
emerging economies (South Africa) and Network (GLTN), an alliance of 66 strengthened.
developed country contexts (Australia, international partners contributing to
the United Kingdom and Portugal). poverty alleviation through land reform, Besides the development and
Two land management case studies improved land management and security implementation of tools, GLTN also
were also added to the existing legal of tenure. supported pro-poor land policy
publication portfolio on the Urban Legal development and implementation.
Network (ULN) website, documenting GLTN’s work is part of a global paradigm In Eastern Caribbean States, the
the experiences of land readjustment in shift in land administration, which has support resulted in the development of
Gujarat and Turkey. resulted in the endorsement of the national land policies in St Lucia and St
continuum of the land right model Vincent. In Uganda and DRC the policy
A landmark achievement of UN-Habitat’s among major global and national land implementation was supported though
legal information dissemination was actors. A number of affordable pro- strengthening of land sector coordination
the launch of a unique legal database, poor, gender responsive tools have mechanisms.
‘UrbanLex’ – a free online ‘library’ of been identified to fill existing gaps in
laws, policies and relevant secondary land administration and management At the global level, a set of core global
information. The database includes a and to support implementation of the indicators for measuring tenure security
digest for each law, which provides an continuum of land right approach. were developed, as well as a roadmap
accessible description of its key contents. for the engagement with the inclusion
It is being progressively populated Highlights of 2013-2014 include of land issues in the Sustainable
by a global partnership including the the following: Development Goals process and the
Urban and Environmental Planning and GLTN’s pro-poor land information Africa Development Goals. Additionally,
Research Centre in Istanbul Technical management system, the Social the urgent need for effective policies
University, Turkey; Renmin University, Tenure Domain Model (STDM) was and measures to enable, promote and
Beijing, China; and the International used, together with supporting tools protect a diversity of tenure forms, and
Islamic University in Malaysia. and approaches such as participatory the importance of developing enabling
enumerations, in Uganda, DRC, tools such as those of GLTN, were given
Through its urban legislation programme Colombia, Kenya, Haiti and the Eastern prominence in the Special Rapporteur on
UN-Habitat has actively promoted Caribbean States. This significantly adequate housing’s Recommendations
urban law as a key thematic area in contributed to the land dispute resolution on Security of Tenure for the Urban Poor
the sustainable urbanization agenda. and improvement of living conditions in (September 2013) and her report to the
In partnership with the Institute for informal settlements. Human Rights Council (December 2013).
Advanced Legal Studies at the University
S e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i e s b y t h e m at i c b r a n c h e s 73
consultations at sub-regional level. In At the global level, UN-Habitat are on-going with Cameroon, Uganda,
Rio de Janeiro, a new governance model successfully conducted a survey of urban Chad, and Haiti to provide technical
for the Metropolitan Region resulted in governance in 80 cities in partnership assistance for the formulation of urban
federal legislative action to address the with the London School of Economics policies. UN-Habitat’s contribution to a
metropolitan challenges. In Medellin Cities programme and with United national urban policy includes country
(Colombia), the strengthened capacities Cities and local Governments (UCLG). assessment; advice on setting up of
of the municipality have resulted in The results were presented at the Urban national processes and stakeholder
the formulation of the Metropolitan Age conference in New Delhi in 2014 participation; documentation of best
Land-Use Strategic Plan. UN-Habitat also and they will further inform the UCLG practices to support national processes;
facilitated the creation of a new network, GOLD Report, which represents the analysis of urban planning policies and
the Network of Metropolitan Areas of main technical contribution of local instruments; facilitation of local-national
the Americas (RAMA), bringing together government associations to Habitat III. dialogue on reforms; dissemination and
metropolitan authorities all along The capacity development of the urban policy
Americas. across the full range of actors.
Urban Planning
UN-Habitat also made substantial and Design UN-Habitat is currently assisting Rwanda
progress to promote Information and in formulating an inclusive urbanisation
Communications Technology (ICT) as Global Projects on National policy. This reflects the strong ambitions
a tool for enhanced transparency and Urban Policies of the President to boost the country’s
participation. A conceptual framework prosperity and reduce poverty. One aim
“ICT, Youth and Urban Governance” has National Urban Policies provide an is to raise the level of urbanisation to
been developed in 2013 to inform these overarching coordinating framework to 35 per cent by 2020. The aim of the
new trends and to highlight how ICT address the most pressing issues related draft policy framework is to enhance
represent an extraordinary instrument to rapid urban development, including technical and administrative capacities
to increase the level of participation slum prevention and regularization, in government; private sector and civil
of urban poor and youth and the access to land, basic services and society ensure a coherent urbanisation
accountability of urban policy managers. infrastructure, urban legislation, process.
Thanks to the Future Policy Modelling delegation of authority to sub-national
(FUPOL) research consortium, UN-Habitat and local governments, financial flows, Zambia: has recently taken tentative
started a pilot project in 2013, which urban planning regulations, urban steps towards establishing an urban
is now being rolled-out in Mtwapa mobility and urban energy requirements, policy. UN-Habitat has been supporting
(Kenya) to develop an e-participation as well as job creation. UN Habitat has the process with technical advice. One
tool which brings together community received a range of requests to support of the first steps taken was to convene
and local authorities in the field of slum national governments to develop, a national conference April 2013. A
upgrading. At the global level, UN- implement and/ or track the progress of discussion document has been discussed
Habitat has supported the creation of the their national urban policies. and approved by the national cabinet,
Uraia Platform (meaning “citizenship” with some funds allocated to facilitate
in Swahili) designed to support cities UN-Habitat is prioritizing NUP in low the process of preparing the NUP.
seeking innovation in municipal and middle income countries with rapid
management with the increased use urbanization. UN-Habitat has supported UN-Habitat is also involved in trying
of SMART Technologies. The Platform, several urban policy development to prepare the ground for a NUP in
managed by the Global Fund for Cities processes, including those of Burundi, Mozambique.
Development (FMDV) has been designed Malawi, Rwanda, Zambia, Mongolia,
to benefit local administrations. Gabon, and Sri Lanka (National Urban
Sector Policy Framework). Negotiations
S e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i e s b y t h e m at i c b r a n c h e s 75
in Latin America, established some density and planning in a hilly context. urban transformation. Planned City
key criteria for redevelopment and Such seminar will be complemented in extension for Santa Marta was produced
sustainable densification of city cores and 2015 with sessions on urban legislation and adopted by the city authority. The
peripheral areas. and municipal finance related to plan authority agreed that the Concept Plan
implementation. inputs will be reflected in the new Plan
In order to translate principles and de Ordenamiento Territorial.
general criteria into action, UN-Habitat In 2014 UN-Habitat also creates an
has devised several implementation in-house Urban Planning and Design Kenya: a concept plan for Kisumu City
mechanisms such as Several planning LAB, with the objective to assist in Extension and the City County authority
and analysis tools have been developed, turning principles into practice through through participatory processes was
focused on planning principles and on targeted planning support and services approved. Kisumu county has made a
PCE and sustainable neighbourhoods. for partner cities, as well as to test and financial commitment to UN-Habitat for
UN-Habitat also produced tool for contextualize planning concepts and preparation of detailed planning steps of
assessing the quality of the Master Plan principles. Support to cities provided the lakefront area.
and provide feedback to member states. by UN-Habitat through the LAB or its
Materials have been shared with partner network of experts include analysis and Rwanda: concept plans of the towns of
cities in both English and local languages assessment of existing urban plans and Rubavu and Nyagatare were approved
for better understanding and to convey designs, as conducted in the case of following six thematic training modules
the key planning messages. Kigali, Lusaka and Lima. In addition, offered for the local planners of six
UN-Habitat has also supported planning cities. The Guangzhou Planning Institute
Training has been an integral part of processes through the coaching of the contributed to the planning exercise.
the promotion and dissemination of clients and provision of capacity building
the NUA approach to planning. The as well as through direct management of Egypt: concept plan for the New
capacity of planners and city leaders of the design process on behalf of cities and Town Al Alamein (developed based on
partner cities in planning, designing and national governments. a baseline study) and a concept plan
implementation is strengthened through for PCE of Banha city were approved.
training based on the unique publication Among experiences and plans developed, The planning process brought together
‘Urban Planning for City Leaders’. Over the following can be mentioned: technical staff of Ministry of Physical
383 planners and decision-makers Planning, UN-Habitat and local
from 104 partner cities were trained in China: the City Wide Strategy of consultants.
Bangladesh, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Wuzhou was drafted using skills
Rwanda, Somalia and. Vietnam. enhanced by UN-Habitat in collaboration The Philippines: three cities (Cagayan
with the Guangzhou Planning Institute. de Oro, Iloilo and Silay) developed
Rapid Planning Studio workshops, cities Young Professionals of the Institute learnt planned city extension conceptual
and local partners have been engaged sustainable urban planning methodology frameworks and designs based on
in planning work on specific topics and UN-Habitat’s principles UN-Habitat principles of the Achieving Sustainable
and exposed to the tools discussed with the Guangzhou Planning Institute Urban Development global programme,
above. This method, developed initially led to planning of two secondary cities in on a pilot basis. The planned city
in Kisumu, has been replicated with 9 Rwanda. extension to showcase innovations in
Kenyan towns as well as in Rwanda, urban planning and design.
the Philippines and Mozambique. Colombia: a Planned City Infill for
In Rwanda in particular a series of 4 La Candelaria, Medellin city was Mozambique: the planning studio
seminars was conducted in 2014 with approved. UN-Habitat supported workshop was conducted to enhance the
6 secondary cities for urban expansion, an innovative programme being capacity of local experts and consultants
urban extension criteria, public space, implemented to improve processes of to prepare the extension plans for 2
S e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i e s b y t h e m at i c b r a n c h e s 77
under revision and will be published In Kigali, the key institutional partners is a unique example of leveraging UN
in early 2015.Partners are involved in have been identified: The City of Kigali Habitat principles, tools and approaches
both the normative and the operational (with its Construction and Urban to providing technical advice towards
work with regards to public space, for Development One Stop Centre), The the participatory urban planning exercise
example, in 2014, the National Planning University of Rwanda, and the National conducted in a town (s) within the
Institute (INU) in Rome contributed to Ministry of Infrastructure with its focus counties involved in KMP.
the development of the Global Charter on urbanisation. The MoUs with partners
on Public Space and the publication were signed and the recruitment process In 2014, UN-Habitat organised a series
on Public Space Principles, Policies and for project staff has been finalized. of training sessions for KMPs’ Cluster I
Practices. (Mombasa), II (Malindi: Kilifi and Kitui),
Overview Country Project III (Thika: Kiambu, Embu and Machakos)
Rapid Planning Project Support to a Sustainable Urban and IV (Naivasha, Nakuru, Nyeri). Training
The Rapid Planning (RP) Project is a Development Sector in Kenya: sessions were adjusted to the different
5-year project, which started in July Support to the Kenya Municipal target groups, with the training content
2014. It is an action oriented research Programme developed through preparatory meetings
project that is supported by the German As part of the Kenya Sustainable Urban and discussions with different experts.
Federal Ministry for Education and Sector Support Programme, UN-Habitat
Research (BMBF). RP seeks to develop is supporting the Kenya Municipal Based on the success of the training,
a rapid trans-sectorial urban planning Programme (KMP) with urban panning UN-Habitat was requested to provide
methodology with a focus on targeting expertise and technical advice inputs. enhanced support (of enhancing the
supply and disposal infrastructure. capacity of MCAs); targeting whole
Therefore, the research project The KMP is jointly supported by the teams tasked with urban planning and
compliments effectively UN-Habitat’s World Bank, Agence Française de management from Kitui and Mombasa
efforts in the development of urban Développement (AFD) and Swedish county assemblies. UN-Habitat was also
planning methodologies. International Development Cooperation asked to support urban planning and
Agency (SIDA) and its lead agency is management in several counties; Kisumu,
UN-Habitat is playing a facilitating role in the Ministry of Land, Housing and Nairobi, Mandera, Kitui etc., using a
the project implementation of this global Urban Development. The Programme similar methodology that as that applied
project, which gathers a Consortium is being implemented in Four (No.) for KMP.
of 10 Universities and involves 3 cities; Components, namely: 1. Institutional
namely: Kigali (Rwanda), Da Nang Support; 2. Participatory Urban Planning;
(Vietnam) and Assiut (Egypt). The agency 3. Infrastructure investment; and 4. Urban Economy
will host the project offices in the case Monitoring and Evaluation.
Introduction
cities and will also play a role in the
steering of the overall project, particularly UN-Habitat is supporting KMP The objective of the Urban Economy sub-
in order to ensure its relevance for the Component 2 on Participatory Urban programme is to support city, regional
cities involved and for the new urban Planning. Here, the role of UN-Habitat and national authorities in adopting
agenda. On-going internal reviews, is to identify capacity needs/gaps, improved urban policies and strategies
external feedback from the case cities develop and provide adequate technical that promote economic development.
and practical application of the results support program to the “Participatory To achieve this objective, UN-Habitat has
in entry projects will ensure that the Strategic Urban Development Planning”. promoted urban strategies and policies
available resources are efficiently used. This planning process will result in an that strengthen the capacity of member
Examples of activities in the case cities Integrated Strategic Urban Development states and cities to realize their full
include; Plan (ISUDP) for each respective town. potential as drivers of inclusive economic
The collaborative approach to this project growth.
S e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i e s b y t h e m at i c b r a n c h e s 79
Zimbabwe: The capacity of residents to countries. Its outputs contribute to IRIS Knowledge Foundation together
pay revenue for targeted service delivery, increasing the access of urban youth with researchers from other Indian
improved as a result of the promotion of to entrepreneurship, livelihoods and research institutes and universities.
the informal sector and sustainable urban incomes, and developing model The report provides a comprehensive,
agriculture in the city of Masvingo. By the programmes derived from best practice. research-based evidence and policy
end of 2014, the business community guidance on urban youth issues
had developed a common front in Key achievements at such as migration, employment,
seeking services from the municipality. the global level gender equality, health and political
These gains are occurring through • The World Urban Forum maintained participation. The report has used in
a European Union-funded project its importance as an international parliamentary debates in India, and
being implemented by UN-Habitat, in advocacy platform for advancing the second edition will be launched
partnership with the Urban Councils the urban youth agenda. Through in 2015.
Association of Zimbabwe. the World Urban Youth Assembly
in Medellin, youth made important • The Global Youth-Led Development
Morocco: New aspirations for the city recommendations to further their Series of short and reader-friendly
and its development were articulated agenda, including the promotion of policy papers have been a success
in the recently adopted National Urban the state and private sector support in terms of outreach and impact.
Policy aimed to reinforce the inter to youth programmes for financing These publications enable partners
linkages between towns .The goal is to skills development and youth mainstream and build internal
support the development of a better- integration into the labour market. capacity and possibility to develop
structured urban fabric that will ensure The assembly also recommended the youth-friendly policies and
the macroeconomic balance of cities. engagement of youth in the Habitat programmes at the local and national
III preparatory process. A draft report level.
Egypt: A socioeconomic impact on the role of youth in the New
assessment conducted in the Greater Urban Agenda has been prepared, • As part of the Youth and Urban
Cairo region was adopted as an integral based on the engagement of the Space programme, The Global Land
activity for planning assignments at the Youth Advisory Board. Tool Network’s (GLTN) and Youth Unit
national, regional and local levels. The initiated the project on “Youth and
assessment outlined the added value • Through the Research and Capacity Land” that has emphasized that the
in alleviating poverty, enhancing the building program of the Youth Unit, linkages between youth and land
quality of life, and linking displaced UN-Habitat has a strong focus on are not yet adequately addressed
members with their new communities producing research-based policy or understood by land sector actors
while compensating them for adverse reports and papers supporting UN and youth groups. The Youth-led
economic impacts. agencies, member states´ and partner Action Research for Land project was
cities´ quest for the sustainable and therefore initiated by UN-Habitat,
Promoting urban policies and inclusive organization. The China in partnership with GLTN in 2013
programmes that are supportive of State of Urban Youth Report 2014- to address this research gap. Five
increased employment, livelihoods 2015: Equity, Employment and Youth youth organizations were selected to
and opportunities, and with focus Development in China was produced undertake action research projects
on urban youth and women in 2014. Building on previous in their home regions of São Paulo
The key objective of UN-Habitat’s youth UN-Habitat reports. (Brazil), Kathmandu and surrounds
programme is to assist in the design and (Nepal), Yemen (countrywide), Nairobi
implementation of economic and social • The State of the Indian Urban Youth (Kenya) and Harare (Zimbabwe).
empowerment models for young men Report: Employment, Livelihood and These projects broadly encompassed
and women in urban areas of developing Skills produced by UN-Habitat and the themes of land and governance,
S e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i e s b y t h e m at i c b r a n c h e s 81
different Favelas. The project, financed package, UN-Habitat supported the pilot the mobile technology introduced
by a telecommunications enterprise has, development and testing of several by UN-Habitat to generate additional
developed profiles for 5,400 youths. innovative approaches to land-based revenue from property taxes. The total
financing. cost of this technology is about USD
Promoting cities to adopt policies, 200,000 including setting up the system
plans and strategies for improved A guidebook on municipal finance was to operationalize and institutionalize it.
urban and municipal finance prepared based on lessons learned from A feasibility study has demonstrated that
A fundamental problem of municipal the 2013 publication “Urban planning this cost could be recovered within the
finance in developing countries is the lack for city leaders and financing for city first year from taxes collected from 3,000
of financial resources. The fiscal deficit in leaders”. The 3 key pillars of the new households.
most cities is widening because the rapid urban agenda that is being promoted
urban population growth is creating an by UN-Habitat i.e. good governance, Kenya: The county government of
ever-growing demand for basic services, good urban planning and sustainable Kiambu has mapped its properties and
new infrastructures and maintenance. urban finance, was integrated into the facilities. The baseline data compiled
Revenues generated by municipal guidebook. with UN-Habitat technical support were
authorities are insufficient to meet the linked to information on land values,
growing municipal expenditure needs In 2014, UN-Habitat successfully which are rapidly rising as a result of
aimed to help local authorities identify, completed the first-ever municipal Kiambu’s proximity to the city of Nairobi.
develop, test and disseminate municipal credit rating initiative in Jordan Initial analyses show that the county has
financing tools under the auspices of the Ministry of an undeveloped portfolio of valuable
Municipal Affairs. Under this initiative, assets, presenting various scenarios
International discourse on sustainable five municipalities (Greater Maadaba, for mobilizing additional revenue from
municipal financing for improving New Mazar, West Irbid, New Shawbak existing sources. UN-Habitat is assisting
delivery of urban basic services has and Al Fuheis) were rated for their the county government to use its
advanced. A global dialogue on creditworthiness. statutory authority to set up a county
innovative financing instruments for assets management and development
local authorities, held during the Afghanistan: Under the Community- company.
seventh World Urban Forum in Medellin, Based Municipal Support programme,
discussed the challenges cities face in the citizens in settlements benefiting Rwanda: Local economic development
mobilizing revenue from local sources. A from land regularization are paying activities in Nyagatare and Rubavu
follow-up expert group meeting held in municipal tax revenue. The revenue has towns were identified. The proposed
Barcelona in 2014 on local government increased by an average of 15% in the municipal finance strategies developed
financing in developing countries last few years through the use of a UN- were tested through a diagnostic analysis
identified political, economic challenges Habitat cost-effective methodology of of the urban economy and municipal
facing local governments in revenue property registration that was approved finance in the country, including on the
generation. by the government for the collection of macroeconomic environment, bond
property tax. market and infrastructure development,
The capacities of local authorities to urban financing, job creation and the
adopt policies, plans and strategies Mozambique: Nampula municipality is land value sharing system.
to improve financing of services and piloting ways to meet its financial needs
infrastructure were strengthened, partly through a property tax – Imposto Predial The Philippines: Silay City is working
as a result of integrated normative and Autárquico. This tax applies to about on planned city extensions closely
operational initiatives supported by 10% of municipal properties, which is linked to an economic strategy that
UN-Habitat in a number of countries. the only local revenue enhancement considers supply chain linkages and
Using the land-based financing, training component. The municipality will also income multipliers, addresses labour
MENTOR MENTEE
3 Swaziland Water Services Corporation (Swaziland) Nkana Water and Sewerage Company (Zambia) 2d phase
4 Swaziland Water Services Corporation Kigoma Urban Water and Sewerage Authority KUWASA
(Swaziland) (Kigoma/Tanzania)
5 National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC Uganda) Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company (NCWSC Kenya)
S e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i e s b y t h e m at i c b r a n c h e s 83
Urban Basic Services for the WOPs facilitation. In addition, Urban Mobility
four WOPs facilitated by GWOPA are Overview:
Global Water Operators currently under implementation as part UN-Habitat’s work in urban mobility is
Partnership Alliance (GWOPA) of the collaboration between the French driven by a vision of cities as engines of
Development Agency (AFD) and GWOPA. economic and social development and
In 2014, GWOPA have been equally “Transport” is seen as a means and not
busy promoting WOPs and guiding its Short-term action plans have been an end itself - the ultimate objective
effective practice as we have been in developed and are currently being of all transportation being access to
supporting WOPs implementation in the implemented, with strong emphasis opportunities, goods, services and
world, including Asia and the Pacific, on Non-Revenue Water, billing and amenities.
Latin American and the Caribbean with collection, customer care and geographic
the financial contribution by the Spanish information system (GIS). Medium-term In East Africa, with support from the
Government (1 million euros/year from Performance Improvement Plans are Global Environment Facility, UN-Habitat
2013 to 2017). As intended by our being drafted and will be available at the is implementing the “Promoting
2013-2017 Strategy, the two types of end of the project in April 2015. During Sustainable Transport Solutions for East
activities feed into one another in useful this first phase, the PIP manual is being African Cities (SUSTRAN)” project. This
ways: the African WOPs provide research tested and the experience gathered from USD 2.9 million initiative is linked to
and testing ground for BEWOP and its use will feed into a second version of proposed investment projects of the
BEWOP provides guidance and structure the manual. World Bank and the French Development
S e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i e s b y t h e m at i c b r a n c h e s 85
energy for basic service provision, Water and Sanitation Health Organization (WHO) (under the
including water and sanitation, cleaner UN-Water platform), with initial funding
indoor air, faster food-processing/
Overview from The Swiss Agency for Development
cooking, more income-generating During the reporting period, an and Cooperation, to lead the Global
opportunities, industrial development important focus of UN-Habitat’s work Expanded Monitoring Initiative for Water.
and so on. Developing green cities and in water and sanitation was to engage
green economies will need supportive in the post-2015 consultations on Progress was made towards the
policies, capacity building, knowledge the Sustainable Development Goals, identification of the main governance
transfer, financial support mechanisms, which has led to the adoption by the and institutional barriers to effective
market stimulation and sensitizing the Open Working Group (OWG). The storm water drainage management,
population, at the regional, national and proposed water goal encompasses waste with examples from four cities – Kigali
local level. water treatment, water quality, water (Rwanda), Casablanca (Morocco), Dhaka
use efficiency and integrated water (Bangladesh) and Bordeaux (France).
Under this program, we have been able resources management. Building in this
to conduct trainings from architects development, UN-Habitat has been Africa Region
and other building practitioners on working with UNEP, WHO and other A Gender Focused Micro-credit Sanitation
sustainable building design that take into UN-Agencies to establish a Global Programme in Africa was launched to
consideration local climate, make use of Expanded Monitoring Initiative (GEMI). advance the rights and dignity of women
locally available building materials and supported through the UN-Habitat water
make particular attention on affordability. UN-Habitat’s engagement in global and sanitation activities. The programme
This program is funded by the Global normative work has been supported by consists of small loans, on favourable
Environment Fund (GEF). a portfolio of projects at the regional payment terms, to poor households for
and country levels. The project portfolio improved latrine construction.
The project “Mainstream Energy for the reporting period covered projects
Efficiency and Conservation Measures in over 20 countries in Africa and have Ghana
into Building Codes in West Africa” targeted over 100 national and city-level In Ghana, the Canadian Department of
is implemented in Nigeria, Cameroon institutions, while the level of investment Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development
and Senegal with the financial support leveraged by UN-Habitat’s work is provided C$19.915 million for the
from the German Government and estimated at over USD 150 million. UN-Habitat-led WASH in Disaster-Prone
the three west African countries. The Communities in Northern Ghana project.
main objective is to integrate energy In the next two years, UN-Habitat will This initiative is a collaborative effort
efficient measures in existing building seek to expand its technical assistance by a group of United Nations agencies,
legislations. This project is funded by to Municipalities and Urban Utilities to with UN-Habitat (as the lead agency),
ENEL Foundation, Italy. Under the project improve the enabling environment for UNICEF, WHO and UNDP working with
“Hands-on training on energy efficiency investment in basic services for the urban government institutions in the WASH and
and renewable energy Technologies for poor. disaster management sectors. UN-Habitat
Youth Empowerment”, we have trained is managing C$9.32 million for the new
over 120 youth in the construction of Global Activities programme.
renewable energy appliances in Kenya, A milestone of UN-Habitat’s engagement
Burundi and Tanzania. in the post-2015 process was the Kenya
contribution towards the establishment Approximately 10,000 people are
of the Global Expanded Monitoring benefiting from improved water supply
Initiative for Water (GEMI). UN-Habitat and sanitation in low-income settlements
joined the United Nations Environment of Mandera town. A new borehole fitted
Programme (UNEP) and the World with a new pumping station, a 135,000
S e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i e s b y t h e m at i c b r a n c h e s 87
the capital investment and long term
sustainability of LVWATSAN II in 15 towns
in the East African Community. As at
the end of 2014, technical support has
been provided through 31 tailor made
training workshops organized at regional,
national and town levels for a total of
1400 persons.
S e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i e s b y t h e m at i c b r a n c h e s 89
UN-Habitat’s partnership with Rural totalling number beneficiaries of 659 strengthened international cooperation
Livelihoods improvement Programme people, and Upgrading an existing gravity and partnerships with countries. These
(RLIP) project in Sansax of Attapeu feed system in Pangandao with totalling attracted funding and requests from
province: Established the new water number of beneficiaries of up to 329 member states to join the Participatory
supply network to provide of Safe Piped people. Slum Upgrading programme. Currently,
Water (6,444 beneficiaries) for the 6 24 programmes have already been
villages of Nam Pa’s cluster (namely implemented and are currently
Vangxay, Somboun, Mixay, Phouxay, Urban Housing and documented. This brings an increase
Dakhied and Phiakeo) in Sansay district of Slum Upgrading from 8 to 24 in 2014, against a target of
Attapeu province. 34 to be met by the end of 2015.
Overview
Pilot on Decentralized Wastewater 35 countries endorsed the vision of the In 2014, the status of resource for focus
Treatment Systems (DEWATS) Global Housing Strategy which inter area 5 was as follows: USD 31 million
in Sanxay of Attapeu Province: alia, has been translated into the PSUP was planned; USD 42.1 million was
Constructed of Decentralized Wastewater principles for housing, slum upgrading allocated; and expenditure was USD 39.7
Treatment Systems (DEWATS) in two and prevention. Countries have million, giving a utilization rate of 94 per
villages namely Mixay and Phouxay of approached UN-Habitat for technical cent, which is satisfactory.
Sanxay district (2,393 beneficiaries) and support and have shown the political will
improved sanitation facilities for sixty (60) to co-finance activities. The number of UN-Habitat Human
poor’s households. national housing, slum upgrading and Rights Mainstreaming
prevention strategies and programmes UN-Habitat is bound by the UN Charter,
Water for Life Phase II: “Expanding aligned to the Global Housing Strategy which recognizes human rights as one
Access to Safe Water through and vision rose from 28 to 36 in 2014. of its pillars, and is specifically mandated
Underground Rainwater Harvesting Over the same period, the number of by the UN General Assembly. According
(URWH)” in Phouvong District of Attapeu partner national authorities working to the human rights-based approach,
Province (funded by Fukuoka’s institute, towards implementation of slum the process of urbanization should
Japan: Constructed two underground upgrading programmes increased from adhere to the human rights principles.
rainwater harvesting (uRWH) in Taoum’s 8 to 35. Concurrently, the city, as the outcome
and Phouxay’s schools of two most of this process, should meet specified
vulnerable communities in Phouvong Advocacy for slum upgrading and human rights standards, for instance:
district. prevention, poverty reduction in tandem
with sustainable urban development The human rights-based approach
Building Small-scale Climate Resilient contributed to improved knowledge adds value to urban planning by
Rural Infrastructure to Enhance and visibility of the challenge of slums legitimizing prioritization of the
Agricultural Productivity in Saravane internationally and especially within interests on the most marginalized in
Province: Construction the new gravity the UN system. The Kigali Conference society and their participation in the
feed system in Paju-Kapa with totalling outcomes and Declaration on planning process. Indeed, the creation
number beneficiaries of 374 people; Sustainable Urbanization for Poverty and implementation of an appropriate
Upgrading an existing gravity feed Reduction, demonstrated increased form of urban planning is a precondition
system in Kokbok with totalling number awareness of the five deprivations19, and
beneficiaries of 863 people; Upgrading sufficient living space which means not more than
three people sharing the same room; easy access
an existing gravity feed system in Kape 19 UN-HABITAT defines a slum household as a to safe water in sufficient amounts at an affordable
with totalling number beneficiaries group of individuals living under the same roof prices; access to adequate sanitation in the form
in an urban area who lack one or more of the of a private or public toilet shared by a reasonable
of 647 people; Upgrading an existing
following: Durable housing of a permanent nature number of people; security of tenure that prevents
gravity feed system in Phoxen with that protects against extreme climate conditions; forced evictions.
S e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i e s b y t h e m at i c b r a n c h e s 91
In Nigeria, the first National Housing project is being integrated into other relate to post-disaster and post-conflict
Slum Summit was held in November methodologies and a PILaR methodology recovery and rehabilitation of shelter
2013. As a consequence, the federal Sourcebook will be completed in mid- and settlements in ways that advance
and state governments have started 2015. sustainable urban development.
to implement a results-based national
programme on mainstreaming human Shelter Rehabilitation and
rights into public policies, program Urban Risk Reduction Settlements Recovery Units
designs, and decision-making. and Rehabilitation The scale and complexity of humanitarian
emergencies, and urban emergencies
The Participatory and Inclusive Land Disasters and conflicts have in 2013-2014 has challenged the entire
Readjustment project (PILaR) in the City become increasingly urban humanitarian community as never before.
of Medellin, Colombia is 1) protecting UN-Habitat is increasingly engaged at the
the rights and interests of those without The goal of the Risk Reduction and forefront of humanitarian activities. More
formal property rights and 2) integrating Rehabilitation, sub Programme is to than USD 1 billion of projects in shelter,
all residents into the decision-making build resilience, promote sustainable resilient, and sustainable recovery has
processes of the project, regardless of relief and reconstruction and to increase been implemented in the past decade,
their property rights status. The rights the resilience of cities to the impacts of and approx... USD 120million in 2013-
based approach developed in this natural and human-made crisis. Activities 2014, in partnership with a wide range
S e l e c t e d a c t i v i t i e s b y t h e m at i c b r a n c h e s 93
Conclusion
Conclusion
UN-Habitat’s mandate over the past 15 years since
the adoption of the Millennium Declaration in 2000,
has been achieved by improving the living conditions
of more than 220 million slum dwellers, surpassing
the target of 100 million.
The outputs and results of UN-Habitat’s in support of the national ownership of options. Therefore, slum upgrading must
activities at the global, regional, national urban development tools and processes. be part of a broader framework of urban
and local levels as highlighted in this and housing policies underpinned by
report provide a clear evidence of the key However, many challenges need to be urban planning as a tool to prevent the
role played by the Agency in supporting addressed in order to secure the gains formation of new slums.
national and local governments to of the ongoing operations and future
build capacity to promote sustainable activities so that the emerging trend of In this perspective, the “three pronged”
urbanization as a driver of development. “planning together for a better urban strategic track pursued by UN-Habitat in
it also advocates for a well-prepared and future” becomes sustainable. its recent interventions addressing the
planned urban development across the challenges of urbanization by integrating
No doubts, the Goal 7 of the MDGs — legal, political, urban design and financial
regions.
which provided a significant boost to the modelling approaches in a coherent
It is worth noting that the new strategic UN-Habitat’s mandate over the past manner proves to be efficient.
plan of UN-Habitat for the period 15 years — has been achieved by
of 2014-2019 provides a conducive improving the living conditions of As we embark on the post-2015
framework for realizing a model that more than 220 million slum dwellers, development framework ahead of
links normative and operational activities. surpassing the target of 100 million. Habitat III in 2016, UN-Habitat is working
This paves the way to achieving of well- However, an additional 360 million closely with national governments
defined and tangible results for a greater slum dwellers have been added to the and local authorities in identifying and
impact at the field level by increasing global urban population, which calls implementing programmes and projects
the synergy of the ongoing programmes for new approaches to slum prevention that have the potential to empower the
and ensuring a greater ownership by the and upgrading. A key lesson learnt recipients and boost the ownership by
recipients. from this report is that slums, which the beneficiaries.
are the manifestation of urban poverty
Promoting self-reliance and improving across the regions, are not a stand-alone
capacity building as described in some of phenomenon. They are linked to urban
the strories higlighted in this report ( in inequalities, lack of mixed urban land use
the boxes) confirm UN-Habitat’s strategy as well as inadequate land and housing
Over the years, the report – formerly known as the operational activity report
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITIES REPORT
REPORT 2015 2015
– has been transmitted to the Governing Council on a biennial basis as an
information document that provides project portfolio trend analysis based on INCREASING
INCREASING SYNERGYSYNERGY
FOR FOR
project acquisition and expenditures.
The Programme’s work has been focused on promoting national urban policy
GREATERGREATER NATIONAL
NATIONAL OWNERSHIP
OWNERSHIP
reforms together with building institutional and human capacities, including
providing support to Governments in the implementation of national urban
plans. UN-Habitat activities and programmes at the global, regional and national
levels are crucial in increasing synergies for greater national ownership of the
various sustainable urban development tools and best practices being promoted
by the United Nations and Habitat Agenda partners around the world.
HS/028/15E
ISBN(Series): 978-92-1-133406-7
ISBN(Volume): 978-92-1-132652-9