Carolyn Ren

1/2

March 11, 2009

ME 203 Assignment 8
1. Nagal page 250: Q1
x'+ y ' = 2 y
a) Q1
x 2 y = y'

b) Q10

2 x'+ y ' x y = e t
x'+ y '+2 x + y = e t
Figure 2

2. Nagal page 251: Q31

Two large tanks, each holding 100 L of liquid, are interconnected by pipes, with the liquid flowing
from tank A into tank B at a rate of 3 L/min and from B into A at a rate of 1L/min (see figure 2). The
liquid inside each tank is kept well stirred. A brine solution with a concentration of 0.2 kg/L of salt
flows into tank A at a rate of 6 L/min. The (diluted) solution flows out of the system from tank A at
4 L/min and from tank B at 2 L/min. If, initially tank A contains pure water and tank B contains 20
kg of salt, determine the mass of salt in each tank at time t 0
3. Nagal page 284: Q1
Two springs and two masses are attached in a straight
line on a horizontal frictionless surface as illustrated in
the figure below. The system is set in motion by
holding the mass m2 at its equilibrium position and
pulling the mass m1 to the left of its equiplibrium
position a distance 1m and then releasing both masses.
Express Newtons law for the system and determine the
equations of motion for the two masses if m1 = 1kg ,
10
m2 = 2kg , k1 = 4 N m , k 2 = N m .
3

4. Consider the two interconnected tanks shown below. Tank 1 initially contains 30 gal of water and 25
oz of salt, and Tank 2 initially contains 20 gal of water and 15 oz of salt. Water containing 1 oz/gal
of salt flows into Tank 1 at a rate of 1.5 gal/min. The mixture flows from Tank 1 to Tank 2 at a rate
of 3 gal/min. Water containing 3 oz/gal of slat also flows into Tank 2 at a rate of 1 gal/min (from the
outside). The mixture drains from Tank 2 at a rate of 4 gal/min, of which some flows back into Tank
1 at a rate of 1.5 gal/min, while the remainder leaves the system. Find the amount of salt in each
tank, Q1(t) and Q2(t).
1 gal/min
3 oz/gal

1.5 gal/min
1 oz/gal

3 gal/min

Q1(t) oz salt
30 gal water

Q2(t) oz salt
20 gal water
1.5 gal/min
2.5 gal/min

Carolyn Ren

2/2

March 11, 2009

10H

5. Nagal page 292: Q10

Two coupled electronic circuits as shown on right.
Please find a system of differential equations describing
the currents in the networks given in the schematic
diagrams. Assume all initial currents are zero. Solve for
the currents in each branch of the network.

40

10

20 V

Solutions:

30H

I3

I1

1 a) x = c 2 e t , y = c1e 2t + c 2 e t

b) x(t ) = c1 cos t + c 2 sin t y (t ) =

c 2 3c1
c + 3c 2
1
1
cos t + 1
sin t + e t e t
2
2
2
2

20 r1t
20 r2t
30 r1t 30 r2t
e 10
e + 20 , y (t ) =
e
e + 20
2. x(t ) = 10 +
7
7
7
7

5 7
5+ 7
r1 =
0.0765, r2 =
0.0235
100
100

3. m1 x" = k1 ( y x )

m2 y" = k1 ( y x ) k 2 y ,

6
6
y (t ) = cos t + cos 20 3t
17
17
1

x(0 ) = 1 x' (0 ) = 0 y (0 ) = 0 y ' (0 ) = 0

9
8
x(t ) = cos t cos 20 3t
17
17

t
131 20 t 165 4 t
262 20 t
4. Q1 (t ) =
e
+
e + 42 , Q2 (t ) =
e
165e 4 + 36
2
2
3
2

5. I 1 (t ) =

15 3 t 3 2t 5
5 t 3
1
5 t 3
e e + , I 2 (t ) = e 3 + e 2t + , I 3 (t ) = e 3 e 2t + 2
4
4
2
4
4
2
2
2

I2

Carolyn Ren

March, 08

ME 203 Assignment #8
1. Nagal page 250: Q1
a) Q1

x'+ y ' = 2 y
x 2 y = y'

Rewriting the given Differential equations,

x'+ y + 2 y = 0

(1)

x 2 y y' = 0

(2)

Rewrite using operator:

D( x) + ( D + 2)( y ) = 0

(3)

D( x) ( D + 2)( y ) = 0

(4)

To eliminate y, (3) + (4)

( D + 1)( x) = 0

dx
+ x=0
dt

(5)

Equation (5) is separable and can be rewritten as

Integrating,

dx
= dt
x

dx
= dt
x

x = C1e t

(6)

Substituting x to equation (2)

y ' + 2 y = C1e t

(7)

Equation (7) is a first order linear ODE with, p(t ) = 2 and q(t ) = C1e t
p dt
p dt
y = e e q dt + C 2

p dt
2 dt
p dt
2 dt
e = e = e 2t and e = e = e 2t

y = e 2t e 2t C1e t dt + C 2 = e 2t C1e t + C 2 = C1e t + C 2 e 2t

x = C1e t and y = C1e t + C 2 e 2t is the solution of the given set of ODEs

Page 1/9

b) Q10

2 x'+ y ' x y = e t

(1)

x'+ y '+2 x + y = e t

(2)

Rewrite using operator

L1 ( x) + L2 ( y ) = e t

(3)

L3 ( x) + L4 ( y ) = e t

(4)

where, L1 = 2 D 1 , L2 = D 1 , L3 = D + 2 and L4 = D + 1
To eliminate y, (3) x L4 - (4) x L2

(L1 L4 L2 L3 )( x) = ( D + 1) e t ( D 1)e t
((2 D 1)( D + 1) ( D 1)( D + 2) )( x) = e t + e t e t + e t = 0

(2 D

+ 2 D D 1) ( D 2 + 2 D D 2) )( x) = 0

( D 2 + 1)( x) = 0

d 2x
+ x=0
dt 2

Substituting x = e rt so that, x' = re rt and x"= r 2 e rt

Solving auxiliary equation (r 2 + 1) = 0 , r = i
x = C1 cos t + C 2 sin t

(5)

Substituting x in equation (5) to equation (2)

C1 sin t + C 2 cos t + y '+2(C1 cos t + C 2 sin t ) + y = e t
y + y = e t + (C1 2C 2 ) sin t (C 2 + 2C1 ) cos t

(6)

Equation (6) is a first order linear ODE with,

p(t ) =1 and q(t ) = e t + (C1 2C 2 ) sin t (C 2 + 2C1 ) cos t

p dt
p dt
y = e e q (t ) dt + C3

p dt
dt
p dt
dt
e = e = e t and e = e = e t

[
[ (e

y = e t e t ( e t + (C1 2C 2 ) sin t (C 2 + 2C1 ) cos t ) dt + C3

y = e t

2t

+ (C1 2C 2 )e t sin t (C 2 + 2C1 )e t cos t dt + C3

1
1
1

y = e t e 2t + (C1 2C 2 ) e t (sin t cos t ) (C 2 + 2C1 ) e t (cos t + sin t ) + C3

2
2
2

Page 2/9

1
1
1

y = e t e 2t + e t (C 2 3C1 ) cos t e t (C1 + 3C 2 ) sin t + C3

2
2
2

1
1
1
y = e t + (C 2 3C1 ) cos t (C1 + 3C 2 ) sin t + C3 e t
2
2
2

(7)

C3 is undetermined. To determine C3 start from Equation (3) and (4).

To eliminate x , (3) x L3 - (4) x L1

[L2 L3 L1 L3 ]( y) = L1 (e t ) L1 (e t )
( D 2 1) ( y ) = e t + 2e t 2e t + e t = e t e t

d2y
( D 2 + 1) ( y ) = e t e t 2 + y = e t e t

dt

(8)

Check the following steps

y = y h + y p = A cos t + B sin t +Ce t De t

Determine C and D
y p = Ce t De t and y p = Ce t De t

Substitute in (8)
Ce t De t + Ce t De t = e t e t or 2Ce t 2 De t = e t e t
Comparing co-efficients of e t and e t
2C = -1 and 2D = 1
Hence C = - and D = -
1
1
y = A cos t + B sin t e t + e t
2
2

(9)

Comparing Equation (7) and (9),

1
1
1
y = e t + (C 2 3C1 ) cos t (C1 + 3C 2 ) sin t + C3 e t
2
2
2
1
1
1
A = (C 2 3C1 ) , B = (C1 + 3C 2 ) and C3 =
2
2
2
y =

1
1
1
1
(C 2 3C1 ) cos t (C1 + 3C 2 ) sin t e t + e t
2
2
2
2

and x = C1 cos t + C 2 sin t .

Page 3/9

2. Nagal page 251: Q31

Two large tanks, each holding 100 L of liquid, are interconnected by pipes, with the
liquid flowing from tank A into tank B at a rate of 3 L/min and from B into A at a rate of
1L/min (see figure 2). The liquid inside each tank is kept well stirred. A brine solution
with a concentration of 0.2 kg/L of salt flows into tank A at a rate of 6 L/min. The
(diluted) solution flows out of the system from tank A at 4 L/min and from tank B at 2
L/min. If, initially tank A contains pure water and tank B contains 20 kg of salt,
determine the mass of salt in each tank at time t 0

Figure 2
Solution:
Mass conservation for each tank:
Tank A: x
Mass in:

6 (0.2)

( from inlet ofA)

Mass out: 4 .

y (t )
100
( from B)
1.

kg/min

x(t )
x(t )
+ 3.
= 0.07 x
100
100

Mass stored over time:

kg/min

dx
dt

dx
=1.2 + 0.01 y 0.07 x
dt

Mass balance:

(1)

Tank B:
Mass in: 3.

x(t )
100

Mass out: 1.

kg/min

y
y
+ 2.
= 0.03 y
100
100

Mass change:

dy
dt

Page 4/9

Mass balance:

dy
= 0.03x 0.03 y
dt

(2)

Rearrange:
x + 0.07 x 0.01 y =1.2

(3)

0.03 x y 0.03 y = 0

(4)

Rewrite:

( D + 0.07) x 0.01 y =1.2

0.03 x ( D + 0.03) y = 0
L1 x + L2 y =1.2

or :

L3 x + L4 y = 0

Where L1 = D + 0.07 , L2 = 0.01 , L3 = 0.03 and L4 = D 0.03

Eliminate y:

[L1 L4 L2 L3 ]( x) = L4 (1.2)

[ D

0.1D 0.0018 ( x) = 0.036

(5)

d 2x
dx
+ 0.1 + 0.0018 = 0.036
2
dt
dt
x = xh + x p
Auxiliary equation: r 2 + 0.1r + 0.0018 = 0
Roots of the auxiliary equation are: r1 =

5+ 7
5 7
and r2 =
100
100

xh = C1e r1t + C 2 e r2t

x p = A , x p = 0 and xp = 0
Substituting to the ODE in equation (5)
0 + 0.1 0 + 0.0018 A = 0.036
A = 20
x g = 20
x = xh + x p = C1e r1t + C 2 e r2t + 20

Page 5/9

x = C1e
x =

5+ 7
t
100

+ C2 e

5+ 7
C1e
100

5 7
t
100

5 + 7
t
100

+ 20
5 7
C2 e
100

5 7
t
100

Sub x into equation (3)

0.01 y = x + 0.07 x 1.2

0.01 y =

5+ 7
C1e
100

0.01 y =

2+ 7
C1e
100

y = 2 + 7 C1e

5+ 7
t
100

5 + 7
t
100

5 + 7
t
100

5 7
C2 e
100

2 7
C2 e
100

+ 2 7 C2 e

5 7
t
100

5 7
t
100

5 7
t
100

5 7

5 + 7 t
t
+ 0.07 C1e 100 + C 2 e 100 + 20 1.2

+ 0 .2

+ 20

Initial Conditions: x(0) = 0 and y (0) = 20

x(0) = C1 + C 2 + 20 = 0

(6)

y (0) = 2 + 7 C1 + 2 7 C 2 + 20 = 20

(7)

From Equations (5) and (6),

C1 = 10 +

20
20
and C 2 = 10
7
7

Substituting C1 and C2,

20
x = 10 +
e
7

30
y=
e
7

5+ 7
t
100

5+ 7
t
100

30
+
e
7

20
+ 10
e
7

5 7
t
100

5 7
t
100

+ 20

+ 20

Page 6/9

3. Nagal page 284: Q1

Two springs and two masses are attached in a straight
line on a horizontal frictionless surface as illustrated in
the figure below. The system is set in motion by
holding the mass m2 at its equilibrium position and
pulling the mass m1 to the left of its equilibrium
position a distance 1 m and then releasing both masses.
Express Newtons law for the system and determine the
equations of motion for the two masses if m1 = 1kg ,
10
m2 = 2kg , k1 = 4 N m , k 2 = N m .
3
Solution:
@ t = 0, y (0) = 0, y (0) = 0

x(0) = 1, x(0) = 0
m1 = 1 kg , m2 = 2 kg , K1 = 4 N / m, K 2 = 10 / 3 N / m

For mass m1,

K1 ( x y ) = m1 x
For mass m2,

K 2 y + K1 ( x y ) = m2 y
Rewriting the ODEs,

x + 4 x 4 y = 0
y +

(1)

11
y 2x = 0
3

(2)

Using operator:
( D 2 + 4)( x) 4( y ) = 0
11
2( x) + ( D 2 + )( y ) = 0
3

or

L1 ( x) + L2 ( y ) = 0

(3)

L3 ( x) + L4 ( y ) = 0

(4)

Page 7/9

Eliminate y using (3) x L4 - (4) x L2

[L1 L4 L2 L3 ]( x) = 0
4 23 2 44
D + 3 D + 3 8 ( x) = 0
d 4 x 23 d 2 x 20
+
+
x= 0
3
dt 4 3 dt 2
Auxillary equation:
23 2 20
r +
=0
3
3

r4 +

20

Or r 2 + 1 r 2 + = 0
3

Roots of the equation are r1 = + i , r2 = i , r3 = +

x = C1 cos t + C 2 sin t + C3 cos

20
20
i and r4 =
i
3
3

20
20
t + C 4 sin
t
3
3

Substitute x into Equation (1), i.e,

y=

1
x + x
4

x = C1 sin t + C 2 cos t
x = C1 cos t C 2 sin t

y=

20
20
C3 sin
t+
3
3

20
20
C 4 cos
t
3
3

20
20 20
20
C3 cos
t
C 4 cos
t
3
3
3
3

1
20
20 20
20
t
C 4 cos
t +
C1 cos t C 2 sin t C3 cos
4
3
3
3
3
+ C1 cos t + C 2 sin t + C3 cos

y=

20
20
t + C 4 sin
t
3
3

20
20 2
2
3
3
C1 cos t + C 2 sin t C3 cos
t C 4 sin
t
3
3
3
3
4
4

Apply initial conditions, x(0) = 1, x(0) = 0

y (0) = 0, y (0) = 0
x(0) = C1 + C3 = 1

(5)

Page 8/9

x(0) = C 2 +

20
C4 = 0
3

(6)

3
2
y (0) = C1 C3 = 0
4
3

(7)

20
20 2 20
2 20
3
3
y = C1 sin t + C 2 cos t +
C3 sin
t
C 4 cos
t
3
3
3 3
3 3
4
4
y (0) =

3
2
C2
4
3

20
C4
3

(8)

Solving,
C1 =

8
9
, C 2 = 0 , C3 = , C 4 = 0
17
17

x =
y=

20
9
8
t and
cos t cos
3
17
17
20
6
6
t
cos t + cos
3
17
17

Page 9/9