Vehicle Motion Problems For Part Exam

1
Basic Vehicle Motion Analysis: A Modern Accident Reconstruction Guide
4.16
Tasks that Yield Speed when a
Vehicle Decelerates from One Speed to a

Slower Speed
A.
Final speed when initial speed, distance traveled
and deceleration time are known (task 40-401)

Example:
1.
A vehicle is traveling at 50.0 miles per hour.
2.
The vehicle decelerates covering a distance of 350.0
feet in 5.0 seconds.

3.
What is the speed of the vehicle after deceleration?
Solution:
2
time x 1.46
speed =
x distance . . . ,
speed = -------- - initial speed

mil
1.4
67
= 52.4 es
ho
ur
leS
speed 2 x 350.0 feet 50.0 ^ = 45.4

hou
hou
seconds
x speed,
B. Final=speed5.0
when
initial
distance
r
r traveled
1.467
and deceleration are known (task 40-402)
Example:
1.
2.
The vehicle decelerates at 3.0 feet per second per
second covering a distance of 100.0 feet.

3.
Solution:
_ ^/(initial speed x 1.467) - (2 x
deceleration x distance) spee - 1.467
2
C. Final speed when initial speed, distance traveled

and drag factor are known (task 40-403)
Example:
speed =
mil
1.4
67
= 52.4 es
ho
ur
1.
2.
The vehicle decelerates with a drag factor of 0.15
covering a distance of 100.0 feet.

3.
Solution:
speed = (initial speed x
2
1.467)
1.467
2 x drag factor x feet x

32.2
distance
secon
d
__ miles ,
fee x 100.0
2 x 0.15
secon
t
speed
feet
x32.2
1.4
d
55.0
x
= = 50.8
speed
67
1.467
2
hour
D. Final speed
when initial speed, deceleration time
Example:
1.
2.
speed =
mil
1.4
67
mile
s
hou
r
= 52.4 es
ho
ur
second for a duration of 8.0 seconds.

3.
Solution:
deceleration
speed = initial
1.46
speed -
x time
3. feet
E. Final speed when 0 sec
initial
speed,
ond
deceleration time
(task 40-405)
and
x 8.0
seconds
drag factor are known
Example:
1.
2.
The vehicle decelerates with a drag factor of 0.15 for
a duration of 8.0 seconds.

3.
speed =
mil
1.4
67
= 52.4 es
ho
ur
Solution:
feet
drag factor x 32.2
speed = initial
second
speed
1.4 x 8.0
0.15 x
mile
speed 55.
67f seconds
32.2
s
=
0
eet
hou
sec
r
ond
1.4
67
j x time
mile
=
28.7 s
hou
r
F. Initial speed when final speed, distance traveled

and deceleration time are known (task 40-406)
Example:
1.
A vehicle is traveling at an unknown speed.
2.
The vehicle decelerates covering a distance of
350.0 feet in 5.0 seconds, reaching a final speed of 30.0

miles per hour.
3.
What
speed =
was
the
speed
of
the
vehicle
before
mil
1.4
67
= 52.4 es
ho
ur
deceleration?
Solution:
,
time x 1.46
speed =
xdistance _ ,
speed = -------- - final speed
mil
1.4
67
= 52.4 es
ho
ur
G. 7Initial speed when final speed, distance traveled

Example:
1.
2.
second covering a distance of 100.0 feet, reaching a

final speed of 50.0 miles per hour.
3.
What
was
the
speed
of
the
vehicle
before
deceleration?
^
Solution:
2
speed x 1.467) + (2 x deceleration x

(final speed distance)
L467
= -----miles ,
fee x 100.0
+ 2x
mile
secon
t
speed
=
3.0
feet
--------d
50.0 - x 1.4
=
52.7 s
H.
Initial
speed
when
final
speed,
67
1.467
distance traveled and drag factor are known (task 40-hou
408)
r
hour
Example:
I. A vehicle is traveling at an unknown speed.

2.
covering a distance of 100.0 feet, reaching a final

speed of 50.0 miles per hour.
3.
What
was
the
speed
of
the
vehicle
before
deceleration?
Solution:
speed
=
(final speed
x
2
1.467) +
__ _ miles , .
50.0 - speed = 54.3

1.467
I.
time
409)
2 x drag factor
x 32.2
L467
+ 2 x 0.15
X32.2
x
fee x
secon
t
distance
d
fee x 100.0
t
secon
feet
d
hour when final

Initial speed
mil speed,
and
deceleration
are
es
hou
r
known
deceleration
(task
40-
Example:
1.
2.
second for a duration of 8.0 seconds, reaching a final

3.
What
was
the
speed
of
the
vehicle
before
deceleration?
Solution:
deceleration speed = final
x time
1.467
speed +
3. feet x 8.0
mile
mile
speed 40.
+ 0 sec seconds =
s
s
1.4
= speed
0 when
56.4 time
J. Initial
final ond
speed,
deceleration
and
67
drag factor are known
(task
40-410)
hou
hou
r
r
2
Example:
1.
2.
for a duration of 8.0 seconds, reaching a final speed of

30.0 miles per hour.
3.
What
was
the
speed
of
the
vehicle
before
deceleration?
Solution:
x
secon time
d
drag factor x 32.2
speed = final speed +

1.46
7
0.15 x
32.2
1.46
x 8.0
seconds
feet
second
feet
4.17
7Tasks that Yield a Vehicles Constant
Velocity
A. Constant velocity when distance traveled and time
are known (task 50-001)
Example:
1.
A vehicle is traveling at an unknown velocity.
2.
The vehicle covers a distance of 100.0 feet in 10.0
seconds.
3.
What is the velocity of the vehicle?
Solution:
, . distance
100.0
feet
feet
velocity = ;--------------- =
time
10.0
seconds
10.0
second
4.18
Tasks that Yield Attained Velocity
when a Vehicle Accelerates from Rest
A. Attained velocity when distance traveled and time
Example:
1.
A vehicle is at rest.
2.
The vehicle accelerates covering a distance of 100.0

3.
What is the velocity of the vehicle after acceleration?
Solution:
, .
x distance
100.0
feet
feet
velocity = ------ = ------------ = 20.0---time
10.0
seconds
second
B. Attained velocity when distance traveled and

acceleration are known (task 50- 102)
Example:
1.
2.
The vehicle accelerates at 7.0 feet per second per
second through a distance of 100.0 feet.

3.
Solution:
velocity = V2 x acceleration x distance
I
feet
feet
velocity =-----------2 x 7.0----------------T x 100.0

feet = 37.4--------V
C.
second
second
Attained velocity when
distance traveled and acceleration

factor are known (task 50-103)
Example:
1.
2.
The vehicle accelerates with an acceleration factor
of 0.1 through a distance of 100.0 feet.

3.
Solution:
feet
velocity = j2 x acceleration factor x 32.2

distance
second
f*6t
velocity = 12 x 0.1 x 32.2

25.4
second
fppt
x 100.0 feet =
second
D.
Attained velocity when
acceleration and time are
known (task 50-104)
Example:
1.
2.
second for 10.0 seconds.

3.
Solution:
velocity = acceleration x time = 5.0-------------------x 10.0 seconds = 50.0---------second
second
E. Attained velocity when acceleration factor and time

Example:
1.
2.
The vehicle accelerates with an acceleration factor of
0.15 for 10.0 seconds.

3.
Solution:
CCt
velocity = acceleration factor x 32.2 ^

time
, x
second'
fppt
fpet
velocity = 0.15 x 32.2-------------------------
10.0 seconds = 48.3 --------------------------second
second
4.19
Tasks that Yield Initial Velocity
when a Vehicle Decelerates to a Stop
A. Initial velocity when deceleration distance and time
Example:
1.
2.
The vehicle decelerates to a complete stop
covering a distance of 100.0 feet in 10.0 seconds.

3.
What is the initial velocity of the vehicle?
Solution:
, .
xdistance
100.0
feet
velocity = ------- = ------------ =

time
10.0
seconds
.. feet
------
20.0
second
B. Initial velocity when deceleration

deceleration are known (task 50-
distance
202)
Example:
1.
2.
The vehicle decelerates to a complete stop at 7.0
feet per second per second through a distance of

feet.
100.0
and
What
3.
velocity
Solution:
of
is
initial
the
the
vehicle?
velocity = -V2 x deceleration x distance

feet
velocity = 12 x 7.0
feet
=- x 100.0 feet = 37.4
second
second
C. Initial velocity when deceleration distance and drag

factor are known (task 50203)
Example:
1.
2.
The vehicle decelerates to a complete stop with a
drag factor of 0.1 for a distance of
100.0 feet.
3.
Solution:
feet
velocity = J2 x drag factor x 32.2

second
x distance
feet
feet
velocity = 12 x 0.1 x 32.2 T x 100.0 feet = 25.4

second
second
D. Initial velocity when deceleration and deceleration

time are known (task 50-204)
Example:
1.
2.
The vehicle decelerates to a complete stop at 5.0
feet per second per second for 10.0 seconds.
3.
Solution:
velocity = deceleration x time = 5.0 j x 10.0 seconds =

50.0
E. Initial velocity when
x 10.0 seconds =
>CC
50.0
- second
second
drag
factor
and
deceleration
time
are
known (task 50-205)
Example:
1.
A vehicle traveling at an unknown velocity.
2.
The vehicle decelerates to a complete stop with a
drag factor of 0.15 for 10.0 seconds.

3.
Solution:
velocity = drag factor x 32.2
time
J
&
second
fppt
fppt
velocity = 0.15 x 32.2 x 10.0 seconds = 48.3

second
second
4.20
Tasks that Yield Velocity when a
Vehicle Accelerates from One Velocity to
a Faster Velocity
A. Final velocity when initial velocity, distance
traveled and acceleration time are known (task 50301)
Example:
1.
A vehicle is traveling at 55.0 feet per second.
2.

3.
Solution:
, .
x distance . . . . ,.
velocity = ------ - initial velocity

time
. .
x 180.0 feet ^ feet
- feet
velocity =----------- 55.0 --- = 65.0 --B.
seconds second
secondFinal velocity when
initial velocity, distance traveled and acceleration are

known (task 50-302)
Example:
1.
2.

3.
Solution:
velocity = ^/(initial velocity) +
distance)
1
feet
second
velocit
y=
feet
(2
x acceleration x
fee
t
seco
nd
1 x acceleration factor x 32.2
C. Final velocity when initial velocity, distance

traveled and acceleration factor are known (task 50303)
Example:
1.
2.
of 0.15 covering a distance of 100.0 feet.

3.
Solution:
velocit
y=
velocity = 63.2
fee
t
seco
nd
D. Final velocity when initial velocity, acceleration

time and acceleration are known (task 50-304)
Example:
1.
2.

3.
Solution:
velocity
= initial
velocity
(acceleration
x time)
feet
+ 3.+ feet
x 8.0
=
velocity
55. feet
0 sec
0
E. =Final velocity
final seconds
velocity, 79.0
acceleration
secon when ond
secon
time and acceleration
factor
are
known
(task
50-305)
d
d
2
Example:
1.
2.
of 0.15 for a duration of 8.0 seconds.
3.
Solution
:
velocity = initial
velocity +
acceleration factor feet

sec
x 32.2
ond
feet
feet
x
time
feet
velocity = 55.0 + 0.15 x 32.2 - j x 8.0 seconds = 93.6

L secondJ L
second
secon
F. dInitial velocity when final velocity, distance

traveled and acceleration time are known (task 50306)
Example:
1.
2.
The vehicle accelerates covering a distance of
400.0 feet in 6.0 seconds, reaching a final velocity of

75.0 feet per second.
3.
What was the velocity of the vehicle before
acceleration?
Solution:
. .
xdistance
velocity = ------- - final velocity

time
2 x 400.0 feet feet
co
feet
velocity =----------- 75.0 --- = 58.3 - seconds
6.0
second
second
G. Initial velocity when final velocity, distance

traveled and acceleration are known (task 50-307)
Example:
1.
2.

final velocity of 60.0 feet per second.
3.
acceleration?
Solution:
velocity = ->,/(final velocity) 2
(2
x acceleration x
feet
60 0 ^ 2 2 x feet x 100.0
=
3.0
y=
sec feet
uu.u
54.8 secon
H. Initial velocity when finalond
velocity, distance
d
traveled and acceleration factor are known (task 50308)
velocit
distance)
eet
Example:
I.A vehicle is traveling at an unknown velocity
2.
of 0.15 covering a distance of 100.0 feet, reaching a

3.
acceleration?
Solution:
velocity = ...
...^(final
velocity)
velocity
=
2 x acceleration factor x 32.2

distance
secon
feet
65. feet
0
secon
d
2 x 0.15
X32.2
fee x 100.0
secon
t
feet
d
r- x
velocity = 57.1
I. Initial velocity when final velocity, acceleration time
and acceleration are known (task 50-309)
Example:
1.
2.
second for a duration of 8.0 seconds, reaching a final

velocity of 80.0 feet per second.
What is the velocity of feet the
acceleration?
secon
3.
vehicle
after
Solution:
velocity = final velocity - (acceleration x time

)
velocity 80. feet

=
0
secon
d
3. feet
0 sec
ond
x 8.0
seconds
=
56.0
feet
secon
d
J. Initial velocity when final velocity, acceleration

time and acceleration factor are known (task 50-310)
Example:
1.
2.
of 0.15 for a duration of 8.0 seconds, reaching a final

3.
acceleration?
Solution:
x velocity = final
eet
acceleration factor x 32.2 ^

time
feet
fcet
second
= 51.4
velocity
fee
velocity 90.0
x 32.2---r8.0
seconthat0.15
4.21
Tasks
Yield
Velocityx when
=
seconds
d
Vehicle Decelerates
from One Velocity
2
Slower Velocity
second
a secon
to da
A. Final velocity when initial velocity, distance

traveled and deceleration time are known (task 50-
401)
Example:
1.
2.
The vehicle decelerates covering a distance of
200.0 feet in 5.0 seconds.

3.
What
is
the
velocity
of
the
vehicle
deceleration?
Solution:
,.
x distance . . . . , .
velocity = ------- - initial velocity

time
, .
200.0
feet __ _ feet .. _ feet
velocity =----------- 50.0 --- = 30.0

seconds second
secon
after
d
5.0
B. Final velocity when initial velocity, distance
traveled and deceleration are known (task 50-402)
Example:
1.
2.

3.
What
is
the
velocity
of
the
vehicle
after
deceleration?
Solution:
velocity
(2 x deceleration x
feet
velocity= -^/(initial
55. feet velocity
2 x ) -feet
x 100.0
=
sec feet
=
0
3.0
49.2
distance)
secon
secon
2
ond
d
Final velocity when initial velocity, distance d
C.
traveled and drag factor are known (task 50-403)
2
Example:
1.
2.
covering a distance of 100.0 feet.

3.
What
is
the
velocity
of
the
vehicle
after
deceleration?
Solution
:
... /(initial
velocity) 2
velocity 55. feet

= = 45. 0 secon
velocity
d
2 x drag factor x fee x

secon
t
32.2
distance
d'
2 x 0.15
X32.2
fee x 100.0
t
secon
feet
d
D. 4Final velocity when initial velocity, deceleration

time and deceleration are known (task 50-404)
Example:
1.
2.

fee
t
seco
nd

3.
What
is
the
velocity
of
the
vehicle
after
deceleration?
Solution:
velocity
= initial
x time)
feet
fee x 8.0
feet
velocity
55. velocity
3.- (deceleration
=
secon
0
0 t
seconds
31.0
E. =Final velocity
velocity, deceleration
seconwhen initial
d
secon
time and drag factor
are
known
(task
50-405)
d
d
Example:
1.
2.
for a duration of 8.0 seconds.

3.
What
is
the
velocity
of
the
vehicle
deceleration?
Solution
:
velocity = initial
velocity
drag factor x fee x

secon
t
time
32.2
d
after
feet x 8.0
feet
velocity 55. feet
0.15 x
=
sec seconds
32.2
F.= Initial0 velocity
when final
velocity, 16.4distance
secon
secon
ond
traveled and ddeceleration time are known (task 50d
2
406)
Example:
1.
The vehicle decelerates covering a distance of 200.0

feet in 5.0 seconds, reaching a final velocity of 30.0
feet per second
.
What was the velocity of the
vehicle before deceleration? Solution:
3.
2.
,.
xdistance _ , , .
velocity = ------- - rinal velocity

time
, .
200.0
feet _ feet feet
velocity ----------------------- 30.0 ----- = 50.0

------5.0
second
seconds
second
G. Final velocity when initial velocity, distance

traveled and deceleration are known (task 50-407)
Example:
1.
2.

3.
deceleration?
Solution:
velocity
x deceleration
feet
=x
x 100.0
velocity= ^/(final
50. feetvelocity
+ 2 )x + (2feet
sec feet
55.7
3.0
=
0
distance)
secon
secon
2
ond
H. Initial velocity when final velocity, distance

traveled and drag factor are known (task 50-408)
2
Example:
I. A vehicle is traveling at an unknown velocity.
2.
covering a distance of 100.0 feet, reaching a final

3.
deceleration?
Solution
:feet
(final
velocity) +
2
x drag factor x
32.2
second
2
velocit
y=
x
distanc
e
f
e
e
t
v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
=
5
4
.
7
I. Initial velocity
when final velocity,
deceleration time
second
and deceleration are

known (task 50409)
Example:
1.
vehicle
is
at
an
traveling
unknown velocity.
2.
The vehicle
decelerates at 3.0
feet per second per
second for a
duration of 8.0
seconds, reaching a
final velocity of
30.0 feet per
second.
3.
What
was
the
velocity of the vehicle
before deceleration?
Solution:
velocity
= final
velocity
30. feet + 3. fee x 8.0
=feet
secon
= + 0
0 t
seconds 54.0
velocity
d
secon
secon
(deceleration x time)
d
d
J. Initial velocity
when final velocity,
deceleration time
and drag factor are
known (task 50410)
Example:
1.
traveling
vehicle
at
unknown velocity.
2.
The vehicle
decelerates with a
drag factor of 0.15
for a duration of
is
an
8.0 seconds, reaching a final velocity

of
20.0
feet per
second.
3.
What
was
the
velocity of the vehicle

before deceleration?
Solution
velocity = final
velocity +
:feet
drag factor x 32.2 rx time

20.0
second
feet + 0.15 x
velocity
4.22
Tasks that32.2
=
seco
Yield Acceleration
nd
when a Vehicle
Accelerates from
Rest
A. Acceleration
when
acceleration
distance and time are
known (task 60-101)
feet
sec
ond
2
x 8.0 =feet
seconds
58.6
secon
d
Example:
1.
A vehicle is at
rest.
2.
The
vehicle
accelerates covering a
distance of 30.0 feet
in 3.0 seconds.
3.
What
acceleration
is
the
of
the
vehicle?
Solution:
,
x
distance
2x
30.0
feet
_ feet
2
acceleration =
------------------
-----------------=
-----------------j
=
6.7
-----------------r
5
ti
m
e
(
3
.
0
s
e
c
o
n
d
s
)
s
e
c
o
n
d
B. Acceleration
when attained speed
and time are known
(task 60-102)
Example:
1.
A vehicle is at
rest.
2.
The
vehicle
accelerates to a speed
of
30.0
miles
per
hour.
3.
The duration of
the acceleration is 5.0

seconds.
4.
What
acceleration
vehicle?
is
the
of
the
Solution:
miles
acceleration
SSLLi^L
300 =
1467
88
_Jee^
tim
e 5.0
sec
ond
s
sec
ond
C. Acceleration
when attained speed
and
distance
are
known (task 60-103)
Example:
A vehicle is at rest
.
1.
The
2.
vehicle
accelerates
to
speed of 35.0 miles

per hour through a
distance
of
150.0
feet.
3.
What
acceleration
is
the
of
the
vehicle?
Solution:
acceleratio (speed 2 x
1.467) 2
n=
x distance
D. Acceleration
when
attained
velocity and time are
known (task 60-104)
Example:
1.
A vehicle is at
.. _ miles , . = 8.8
fee
2 x -150.0
secon
35.0
xt
feet
d
1.467
hour
rest.
2.
The
vehicle
accelerates
to
velocity of 30.0 feet

per second.
3.
The duration of
the acceleration is 5.0

seconds.
4.
What
acceleration
is
the
of
the
vehicle?
Solution:
acceleration
=
secofld
= 6
30.0-!
^
t
i
m
e
5
.
0
s
e
c
o
n
d
s
s
e
c
o
n
d
E. Acceleration
when
attained
velocity and distance
are known (task 60105)
Example:
1.
A vehicle is at
rest.
2.
The
accelerates
vehicle
to
velocity of 35.0 feet

per
second
in
distance of 150.0 feet.

3.
What
acceleration
is
the
of
the
vehicle?
Solution
:
acceleratio velocit
y 2 x
n=
distanc
e
2
35. feet
0
2 x 150.0
secon
feet d
= fee
secon
4.1t
d"
4.23
Tasks that Yield Acceleration when a
Vehicle Accelerates from One Speed or
Velocity to a Faster Speed or Velocity
A. Acceleration when initial speed, final speed and

Example:
1.
A vehicle is traveling at a speed of 40.0 miles per
hour.
2.
The vehicle accelerates to a speed of 50.0 miles per
hour in 2.0 seconds.

3.
What is the acceleration of the vehicle?
Solution:
(final speed x 1.467) - (initial speed x
1.467)
time
acceleration = ---------------------------------
feet
acceleratio 2.0 seconds
=
sec
B. n =Acceleration when initial speed, final 7.3
speed
ond and
distance are known (task 60-202)
Example:
1. A vehicle is traveling at a speed of 40.0 miles per

hour.
2. The vehicle accelerates to a speed of 50.0 miles per
hour in a distance of 100.0 feet.
3.
Solution:
(final speed
x 1.467) - (initial speed x
2
1.467)
E
acceleration = --------------------- -----------x distanc
[40.0 ^
mile
x
x
50.
feet
L
hour
s
=
acceleratio 0
1.467
1.467
2 x 100.0
sec
9.7
n
=
C. Acceleration hou
when feet
initial velocity, final velocity
ondand
time are known r(task 60-301)
2
Example:
1.
A vehicle is traveling at a velocity of 40.0 feet per
second.
2.
The vehicle accelerates to a velocity of 50.0 feet per
second in 2.0 seconds.
3.
Solution:
(final
time
velocity) - (initial velocity)
acceleratio
n = 50. feet
40. feet
fee
acceleratio 0
=
0
t
2.0
secon
secon 5.0 secon
n
=
Acceleration whend initial
final dvelocity and
secondsvelocity,
d
D.
distance are known (60-302)
Example:
1.
second.
2.
The vehicle accelerates to a velocity of 50.0 feet per
second in a distance of 100.0 feet.

3.
Solution:
(final velocity) - (initial velocity)
2
acceleration = ---------------------
x distanc
accelerat
ion
50. feet
40. feet
=
0
0
2 x 100.0
secon
secon 4.5
d feet
d
feet
sec
ond
2
4.24
Tasks that Yield Acceleration Factor
when a Vehicle Accelerates from Rest
A. Acceleration factor when acceleration distance and

Example:
1.
2.

3.
What is the acceleration factor of the vehicle?
Solution:
2
distance acceleration
factor = -----------------2
___ feet
time x 32.2
acceleration factor =
_^
second
2 x 30.0 feet
^ feet
(3.0 seconds) x 32.2
second
B. Acceleration factor when attained speed and time

Example:
1.
2.
hour.
3.
The duration of the acceleration is 5.0 seconds.
4.
Solution:
miles , t/r_
sneed x 1 467 30.0 x 1.467
acceleration factor = - - ----------------^- = --------------------------- = 0 . 3
timeCCx 32.27
5.0 seconds x 32.2
second'
second
C. Acceleration factor when attained
speed
and
Example:
1.
2.
hour in a distance of 150.0 feet.

3.
Solution:.
. .(speed
1.467)
acceleration factor = ---------
second
feet
x distance x 32.2
acceleration
factor =
. _ _ miles , ,
2 x 35.0
150.0- -feet x x ee
sec t
32.21.467
on
hour d
D. Acceleration
factor
when
attained velocity and time are
known (task 70-104)
Example:
1.
2.
The vehicle accelerates to a

3.
The
duration
of
acceleration is 5.0 seconds.
the
=
0.3
4.
What is the acceleration factor
of the vehicle?
Solution:
30.
0feet
acceleration factor = -----------------------velocity _ _ ------------------------second__ _ q 2
time x 32.2
5.0
seconds
x 32.2
66
66
second
second^
2
E. Acceleration
factor
when
attained velocity and distance are
known (task 70-105)
Example:
1.
2.
velocity of 35.0 feet per second in
a distance of 150.0 feet.

3.
of the vehicle?
Solution:
ve
lo
ci
ty
...
feet
distance
x 32.2
secon
d
acceleration
factor =
2 x 150.0 feet
x 32.2
feet
sec
ond
2
0.1
4.25
Tasks that Yield
Acceleration Factor when a
Vehicle Accelerates from
One Speed or Velocity to a
Faster Speed or Velocity
A. Acceleration factor when
initial speed, final speed and
time are known (task 70- 201)
Example:
1.
A vehicle is traveling at a

2.
speed of 50.0 miles per hour in

2.0 seconds.
3.
of the vehicle?
Solution:
(final speed x
1.467) (initial speed
x 1.467)
acceleration factor = -----------------------------------------7
;------------------
second
acceleration
factor =
fee
t
time x
32.2
-------r-
(2.0 seconds) x seco

2
nd
32.2
B. Acceleration factor when

initial speed, final speed and
distance are known (task 70202)
Example:
1.

2.
speed of 50.0 miles per hour

through a distance of 100.0 feet.
3.
of the vehicle?
fe
et
0.2
Solution
:
(final speed x 1.467) - (initial

speed x 1.467)
second
2 x distance x
32.2
__miles . ,
acceleration
2 x= 100.0 feet
x 32.2
factor
2
feet second
2
f
e
e
t
C. Acceleration factor when

initial velocity, final velocity and
Example:
1.

2.

2.0 seconds.
=
0.3
3.
of the vehicle?
Solution:
(final
(initial
second
acceleration
factor =
velocity) velocity)
feet
time x
32.2
acceleration
factor =
50. feet
40. feet
0
0 fee
2.0secon
seconds x secon
d
se dt
32.2
D. Acceleration factor when

initial velocity, final velocity
and distance are known (task
70-302)
co
nd
Example:
1.

2.
0.2
a distance of 100.0 feet.

3.
of the vehicle?
Solution:
(final
velocity) (initial
velocity)
2
acceleration factor = ------------------------------ 7

7-
.
secon
d
feet
2
x
distance
x 32.2
----------j
acceleration
factor =
50. feet
40. feet
0
0 feet
2 x secon
100.0 feet x secon
dsec
32.2d
ond
2
0.1
4.26
Tasks that Yield Deceleration when a
Vehicle Decelerates to a Stop
A. Deceleration when deceleration distance and time
Example:
1.
A vehicle is traveling at a constant speed.
2.
covering a distance of 30.0 feet in 3.0 seconds.

3.
What is the deceleration of the vehicle?
Solution:
2 x distance 2 x 30.0 feet , _ feet
deceleration = - ;--- = ----------j = 6.7----j

time
(3.0seconds) second
B. Deceleration when initial speed and deceleration

Example:
1.
A vehicle is traveling at a speed of 30.0 miles per
hour.
2.
The vehicle decelerates to a complete stop.
3.
The duration of the deceleration is 5.0 seconds.
4.
Solution:
miles
. speed x 1.467
' hour
o f
eet
deceleration = -- = ---- - ---------------------
8.8 --------------------
Example:
time
5.0seconds
second
1. A vehicle is traveling at a speed of 35.0 miles
per hour.
Deceleration when initial speed and distance are known

2. The
vehicle decelerates to a complete stop
(task
80-103)
3. What is the deceleration of the vehicle?
Solution:
deceleratio
n=
2x
distance
x
35.
hou
1.467
0 2 miles
rx 150.0
feet
^ II
(speed x 1.467)
8.8
fee
t
secon
d
C. Deceleration when initial velocity and time

Example:
1.
A vehicle is traveling at a velocity of 30.0
feet per second.

2.
The vehicle decelerates to a complete stop.
3.
The duration of the deceleration is 5.0
seconds.
4.
Solution:
30.0
deceleration = ------second
time 5.0 seconds
D. Deceleration when initial

_Jeet
second
=60
velocity
and
Example:
1.
feet per second.

2.

3. What is the deceleration of the vehicle?
Solution:
35. feet
velocit
feet
deceleratio 2
=
0
2 x secon
150.0
2 x Yield
4.27 n =Tasks ythat
Deceleration
4.1 sec
feet d
distanc
when a Vehicle
Decelerates
from ond
one
2
e
Speed or Velocity
to a Slower Speed or
Velocity
A. Deceleration when initial speed, final speed

and time are known (task 80-201)
Example:
1.
A vehicle is traveling at a speed of 50.0 miles
per hour.
2.
The vehicle decelerates to a speed of 40.0
miles per hour in 2.0 seconds.

3.
Solution:
__,_______ (initial speed x 1.467) - (final
speed x 1.467)
A
tim
e
deceleration ----------------------------- ^ miles , .
deceleratio
50.0 - n=
1.467
^ miles ,
2.0
x seconds
40.0 - 1.467
fee 2
=
t
x 7.3second
B. Deceleration when
final speed and distance
hour initial speed, hour
Example:
1. A vehicle is traveling at a speed of 50.02 miles per hour.

2.
(initial speed x 1.467)

- (final
decelerat
2
speed x 1.467) 2 x distance
ion
The vehicle decelerates to a speed of 40.0 miles per
hour through _a__miles

distance, of 100.0
feet. ,
2 ,__miles
2 x 100.0 feet
deceleratio
3.n =What is the deceleration of the vehicle?
Solution:
C.Deceleration
when
initial
velocity,
fee 2
= second
9.7 t
final
velocity and time are known (task 80-301)
Example:
1.
feet per second.

2.
The vehicle decelerates to a velocity of 40.0
feet per second in 2.0 seconds.

3.
Solution:
(initial
tim
e
deceleratio
n=
decelerat
ion
velocity) - (final velocity)
50. feet
40. feet
fee
=
0
0
t
2.0
secon
secon 5.0 secon
d
d seconds d
D. Deceleration when initial velocity, final velocity

and distance are known (task 80- 302)
Example:
1.
second.
2.
The vehicle decelerates to a velocity of 40.0 feet per
second in a distance of 100.0 feet.

3.
Solution:
(initial
distance
velocity) - (final velocity) 2 x
50. feet
40. feet
deceleratio
fee
deceleratio
=
0
0
n=
2 x 100.0 secon 4.5 secon
t
secon
n=
d
d feet
d
Glossary
Acceleration
The mathematical opposite of deceleration. Acceleration
is the rate of change of an objects speed or velocity
with respect to time with speed or velocity becoming
greater over time. In this text, acceleration will be
presented with units of feet per second per second.
Acceleration Factor
A percentage or fraction of the earths gravity constant
(32.2 feet per second per second) used to describe the
magnitude
of
an
acceleration
or
deceleration.
Acceleration factor is described in g numbers such that a

fractional g-value is equal to the equivalent fraction of
the earths gravity constant. For example, 0.5 g is

exactly equal to 32.2 feet per second per second
multiplied by 0.5, or 16.1 feet per second per second.
(See Drag Factor).
Braking Distance
The distance required for a vehicle to come to a
complete stop from the point at which the actual braking
process begins.
Coefficient of Friction (COF)
The ratio of lateral force required to move one object

across another object to the weight of the object being
moved. For example, if it requires a force of 5.0 pounds
to push a 10.0- pound box across a table top, then the
coefficient of friction between the box and the table top
is the result of dividing the lateral force (5.0 pounds) by
the weight of the box (10.0 pounds). This yields a
coefficient of friction of 0.5. In reality, the coefficient of
friction between two surfaces has two values. One value
is that which is evident prior to movement, which is
called the static coefficient of friction (SCOF). The other
value is that which is evident during movement, which is
called the dynamic coefficient of friction (DCOF). In
general, the static coefficient of friction is greater than
the dynamic coefficient of friction. In this text, the term
coefficient of friction (COF) will refer to the dynamic
coefficient of friction.
Constant
A mathematical quantity or value that does not change.
Conversion Factor
A constant by which a value is multiplied or divided to

yield an equal value with a different unit of measure.
Deceleration
The mathematical opposite of acceleration. Deceleration is
the rate of change of an objects speed or velocity with
respect to time with speed or velocity becoming less over
time. In this text, deceleration will be presented with units
of feet per second per second.
Density
The ratio of an objects weight to its volume. For
example, if a block of ice is exactly one foot in height,
width and length its volume is exactly one cubic foot. One
cubic foot of ice weighs about 62.0 pounds. Therefore, the
density of ice is approximately 62.0 pounds per cubic
foot. Alternatively, a cubic foot of steel weighs about
490.0 pounds and, therefore, has a density of 490.0
pounds per cubic foot. Because of these values, it is clear

that the density of steel is almost eight times that of ice.
Drag Factor
A percentage or fraction of the earths gravity constant
(32.2 feet per second per second) used to describe the
magnitude of an acceleration or deceleration. Drag factor
is described in g numbers such that a fractional g-value is

equal to the equivalent fraction of the earths gravity
constant. For example, 0.5 g is exactly equal to 32.2 feet
per second per second multiplied by 0.5, or 16.1 feet per
second per second. (See Acceleration Factor).
Friction
The resistance to motion that arises when one object is

moved across another. Friction is that force which acts
between an object and the surface across which the object
is being moved to resist the sliding motion between the
two objects.
Gravity Constant (g)

The acceleration of objects resulting from the effect of
earths gravity upon the object. Near the earths surface,
this acceleration is approximately 32.2 feet per second per
second. In this text, as in most others, the abbreviation for
earths gravity constant will be
Perception/Reaction Distance
g.
The distance through which a vehicle travels while the

driver is processing information that will give rise to a
decision regarding a response to a given stimulus or set of
stimuli.feet

Vehicle Motion Problems For Part Exam

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1

Basic Vehicle Motion Analysis: A Modern Accident Reconstruction Guide

Tasks that Yield Speed when a

Vehicle Decelerates from One Speed to a

Final speed when initial speed, distance traveled

and deceleration time are known (task 40-401)

A vehicle is traveling at 50.0 miles per hour.

The vehicle decelerates covering a distance of 350.0

feet in 5.0 seconds.

What is the speed of the vehicle after deceleration?

speed = -------- - initial speed

speed 2 x 350.0 feet 50.0 ^ = 45.4

A vehicle is traveling at 55.0 miles per hour.

The vehicle decelerates at 3.0 feet per second per

second covering a distance of 100.0 feet.

What is the speed of the vehicle after deceleration?

C. Final speed when initial speed, distance traveled

Basic Vehicle Motion Analysis: A Modern Accident Reconstruction Guide

A vehicle is traveling at 55.0 miles per hour.

The vehicle decelerates with a drag factor of 0.15

covering a distance of 100.0 feet.

What is the speed of the vehicle after deceleration?

2 x drag factor x feet x

A vehicle is traveling at 55.0 miles per hour.

The vehicle decelerates at 3.0 feet per second per

second for a duration of 8.0 seconds.

What is the speed of the vehicle after deceleration?

drag factor are known

A vehicle is traveling at 55.0 miles per hour.

The vehicle decelerates with a drag factor of 0.15 for

a duration of 8.0 seconds.

What is the speed of the vehicle after deceleration?

Basic Vehicle Motion Analysis: A Modern Accident Reconstruction Guide

drag factor x 32.2

F. Initial speed when final speed, distance traveled

A vehicle is traveling at an unknown speed.

The vehicle decelerates covering a distance of

350.0 feet in 5.0 seconds, reaching a final speed of 30.0

speed = -------- - final speed

G. 7Initial speed when final speed, distance traveled

A vehicle is traveling at an unknown speed.

The vehicle decelerates at 3.0 feet per second per

second covering a distance of 100.0 feet, reaching a

speed x 1.467) + (2 x deceleration x

I. A vehicle is traveling at an unknown speed.

The vehicle decelerates with a drag factor of 0.15

covering a distance of 100.0 feet, reaching a final

50.0 - speed = 54.3

hour when final

A vehicle is traveling at an unknown speed.

The vehicle decelerates at 3.0 feet per second per

second for a duration of 8.0 seconds, reaching a final

A vehicle is traveling at an unknown speed.

The vehicle decelerates with a drag factor of 0.15

for a duration of 8.0 seconds, reaching a final speed of

drag factor x 32.2

speed = final speed +

A vehicle is traveling at an unknown velocity.

The vehicle covers a distance of 100.0 feet in 10.0

What is the velocity of the vehicle?

The vehicle accelerates covering a distance of 100.0

feet in 10.0 seconds.

What is the velocity of the vehicle after acceleration?