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a.current
b. voltage
U
1
qi
=
qo 4 o i ri
1
dq
1 V/m= 1N/C
terminal voltage, source with internal resistance: Vab= -Ir, where =EMF and Ir=
internal resistance.
c.resistance
the degree to which a material or device opposes the passage of an electric current,
causing energy dissipation.
the resistance of a wire or other conductor of uniform cross section is directly
proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area.S
A circuit device made to have a specific value of resistance between its ends is called
a resistor.
The SI unit of resistance is the ohm, equal to one volt per ampere ( 1= 1 V/A).
The kilohm (1k= 10^3 ) and megohm (1 M= 10^6 ) are commonly used.
relationship among voltage, current, and resistance: V=IR
The resistance of a cylindrical conductor is related to its resistivity , length L, and crosssectional area A: R=
L
A
Vab 2
power delivered to a resistor: P=VabI=I^2R=
R
energy
is the property of the body or system of bodies by virtue of which work
can be done. It is also defined as the ability to do work. Energy is a
scalar quantity.
A measure of this capacity, expressed as the work that it does in changing to some
specified reference state.
the principle that the electric current passing through a conductor is directly proportional
to the potential difference across it, provided that the temperature remains constant. the
constant of proportionality is the resistance of the conductor.
It was discovered in 1826 by the German physicist Georg Simon Ohm (1787
1854).