DR.

RAM MANOHAR LOHIA NATIONAL

LAW UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

PSYCHOLOGY
Final Draft
On

Effective Factors for Increasing Incident of Anxiety in Youths

Submitted to:

Submitted by:

Ms. Isha Yadav

Sakshi

Asst. Professor

B.A.LL.B (II sem.)

Roll no. - 111

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A major research project like this is never the work of anyone alone. Firstly, I would like to thank my
teacher Ms. Isha yadav, for giving me such a golden opportunity to show my skills and capability
through this project.
This project is the result of the extensive ultra-pure study, hard work and labour, put into to make it
worth reading. This project has been completed through the generous co-operation of various persons,
my teacher, and my seniors, who, in their different potentials helped me a lot in giving the finishing
touch to the project.
This project couldnt be completed without the help of my universitys library Dr. Madhu Limaye
Library and its internet facility.

Thank you..

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
1. Introduction
2. Research question
3. Objective
4. Research methodology

CHAPTER II
1. Types of anxiety disorders in youths

Separation anxiety disorder

Generalised anxiety disorder
Specific disorder
Selective mutism
Panic disorders
Social phobia

CHAPTER III
1.

Risk factor for anxiety disorders

Childhood characteristics
Family and parent characteristics
Neighbourhood & broader contextual influences
Demographic variables
Pathophysiology
Temperament & personality
Environment factors

Bibliography

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION:-

Anxiety means feeling worried, nervous, or fearful. Anxiety is a natural human reaction that
involves mind and body. It serves an important basic survival function: Anxiety is an alarm
system that is activated whenever a person perceives danger or threat. We all experience
anxiety at times and some anxiety can be helpful and helps us function well. For example,
feeling anxiety before a test, interview, or public-speaking can help you prepare for it. When
the body and mind react to danger or threat, a person feels physical sensations of anxiety
things like a faster heartbeat and breathing, tense muscles, sweaty palms, a queasy stomach,
and trembling hands or legs. These sensations are part of the body's fight-flight response.
They are caused by a rush of adrenaline and other chemicals that prepare the body to make a
quick getaway from danger. They can be mild or extreme depending upon person and
situations. Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health conditions. They
affect people of all ages adults, children, and teens. There are many different types of
anxiety disorders, with different symptoms. They all have one thing in common, though:
Anxiety occurs too often, is too strong, is out of proportion to the present situation, and
affects a person's daily life and happiness.
Children and youth often have many more fears than adults do as they try to make sense of
their world. Most childhood fears are normal and go away eventually. Anxiety disorders are
one of the most common mental health problems among children and youth. Children may be
diagnosed with more than one anxiety disorder or with anxiety and other mental health
challenges. Separation from caregiver, social phobia, generalised anxiety disorder. Inhibited
temperament, parental anxiety, and having family and friends who somehow support avoid
ant coping mechanisms are risk factors for developing an anxiety disorder. Experiencing
stressful life events, being physically limited in daily activities, and having had difficult
childhood experiences also increase a person's risk for developing an anxiety disorder.
Anxiety is a complex blend of unpleasant emotions and cognitions that is both more oriented
to the future and much more diffuse than fear. It has not only cognitive or subjective
component but also physiological and behavioural components. At the cognitive/subjective
level, anxiety involves negative mood, worry about future threat or danger, selfpreoccupation. At the physiological level anxiety often creates a state of tension and chronic
over arousal, which may reflect readiness for dealing with danger should it occur. At the
behavioural level, anxiety may create a strong tendency to avoid situation where danger
might be encountered.

Anxiety can be described as a sense of uneasiness, nervousness, worry, fear, or dread of

what's about to happen or what might happen. While fear is the emotion we feel in the
presence of threat, anxiety is a sense of anticipated danger, trouble, or threat.
It's natural for new, unfamiliar, or challenging situations to prompt feelings of anxiety or
nervousness. Facing an important test, a big date, or a major class presentation can trigger
normal anxiety. Although these situations don't actually threaten a person's safety, they can
cause someone to feel "threatened" by potential embarrassment, worry about making a
mistake, fitting in, stumbling over words, being accepted or rejected, or losing pride. Physical
sensations such as a pounding heart, sweaty hands, or a nervous stomach can be part of
normal anxiety, too. Because anxiety makes a person alert, focused, and ready to head off
potential problems, a little anxiety can help us do our best in situations that involve
performance. But anxiety that's too strong can interfere with doing our best. Too much
anxiety can cause people to feel overwhelmed, tongue-tied, or unable to do what they need to
do.
Examples of anxiety disorders are obsessive compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress
disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. Symptoms of many
of these disorders begin in childhood or adolescence.

RESEARCH QUESTION:The question of research is to find out the factors which are responsible for increasing the
anxiety in youths. What are the effective factors which develops anxiety?
OBJECTIVE:1. To find the effective factors responsible for increasing anxiety in youths.
2. To study the different types of anxiety in youths and then find out factors responsible for
these specific types of anxiety.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

The doctrinal and secondary research method shall be used during the course of project.
Review of literature will be done at the time of project making. Most of the information is
gathered from internet, web sources.

CHAPTER II

1. TYPES OF ANXIETIES DISORDER IN YOUTHS:

Young people might be diagnosed with more than one type of anxiety disorder. Anxiety might
also be experienced along with other physical or mental health problems such as depression.
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health issues in America. The National
Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) reports that 8 percent of adolescents have an anxiety
disorder. The average age for symptoms to develop is 6 years old.
All anxiety disorders have some traits in common:
Each disorder has a triggera situation or objectwhich causes fear and anxiety.
The amount of fear and anxiety is excessive and lasts well beyond a normal experience.
Anxiety disorders often last at least 6 months, but anxiety disorders in very young children
may not last as long.
The most common anxiety disorders affecting children and adolescents include:

SEPERATION ANXITY DISORDER:

Separation anxiety disorder is an excessive fear of being separated from home or a loved one.
Children may become scared when they have to separate from a caregiver. Its normal for
young children to have fears about being left with someone new, but they are usually able to
get used to the situation. A child with separation anxiety continues to have a hard time being
apart. Sometimes even being in a different room in the same home is a challenge. This
fear gets in the way of children doing things by themselves.
Children with Separation Anxiety Disorder may refuse to go to school or they may be unable
to go to sleep without a parent being present. They may have nightmares about being lost or
kidnapped. They may also have physical symptoms like stomach-aches, feeling sick to their
stomach, or even throwing up out of fear. A diagnosis of separation anxiety is made if the
behaviour has been present for at least four weeks and the behaviour results in real and ongoing social or school problems.

Sometimes older children and teens become frightened of leaving their parent(s). They may
worry that something bad might happen to their parent or to someone else they love. It is only
a problem if there is no real reason for this worry. These young people may have a condition
called Separation Anxiety Disorder. This type of anxiety disorder is very common and affects
4 per cent of all children. Normally, a very young child will experience a period of distress
when a parent leaves the room or a child may cry when be dropped off at day care, but a child
with separation anxiety disorder experiences extreme anxiety and cannot be distracted or
engaged in activities for a significant period of time. A teenager could become devastated
over the break-up of a relationship.
The estimated prevalence of SAD is 4-5%, making it one of the most common childhood
psychiatric disorders. Separation anxiety is typically a disorder of middle childhood (ages 79), although it has also been described in adolescents. If the disorder develops acutely, a
precipitating stress or can often be identified. Common precipitating factors include a move,
change of school, loss of a loved one, illness in the family or prolonged absence from school.

GENERALISED ANXIETY DISORDER:

Generalised anxiety disorder is excessive worry about many everyday situations.

This is a condition in which the child or adolescent has many worries and fears. They have
physical symptoms like tense muscles, a restless feeling, becoming tired easily, having
problems concentrating, or trouble sleeping. Children with this condition often try to do
things perfectly. They also feel a need for approval. A child with generalized anxiety
disorder, or GAD, will worry excessively about a variety of things such as grades, family
issues, relationships with peers, and performance in sports.
The majority of children, at one time or another experiences fears, worries and scary dreams.
Children and adolescents who experience this type of anxiety become people pleaser and
need approval and reassurances. They may be particularly hard on themselves and become
perfectionists. Some common symptoms include complains of fatigue, tension, headaches
and nausea.

Someone with generalized anxiety may worry excessively about school, the health or
safety of family members, and the future. They may always think of the worst that could
happen.
Along with the worry and dread, people with generalized anxiety have physical symptoms,
such as chest pain, headache, tiredness, tight muscles, stomach-aches, or vomiting.
Generalized anxiety can lead a person to miss school or avoid social activities. With
generalized anxiety, worries can feel like a burden, making life feel overwhelming or out of
control.

SPECIFIC DISORDER:
A specific phobia is the intense, irrational fear of a specific object, such as a dog, or a
situation, such as flying. Common childhood phobias include animals, storms, heights, water,
blood, and the dark and medical procedures. These are intense fear of specific situations or
things that are not actually dangerous, such as heights, dogs, or flying in an air plane.
Phobias usually cause people to avoid the things they are afraid of. Children will avoid
situations or things that they fear, or endure them with anxious feelings, which can manifest
as crying, tantrums, clinging, avoidance, headaches, and stomach-aches. Unlike adults, they
do not usually recognize that their fear is irrational.
Fears are common in childhood and often go away. A phobia is diagnosed if the fear persists
for at least six months and interferes with a childs daily routine, such as refusing to play
outdoors for fear of encountering a dog.
Specific phobia is a relatively common anxiety disorder for children. Prevalence is estimated
to be at 3-4% and is somewhat higher for girls than for boys. It peaks in prevalence between
10 and 13 years of age. Normally, these fears decrease with age. Normal fears are
distinguished from true phobias by their intensity and degree of impairment.
Children or youth with specific phobias are scared of certain situations or objects. Their fear
is stronger than the actual danger posed by these situations or objects. They try hard to avoid
contact with what they fear, for example:

Specific situations: bridges, transportation (riding in cars, flying in airplanes), enclosed

spaces (elevators, tunnels), environment: dark, storms, heights, water, insects or animals: dogs,
spiders, snakes, insects (beetles, bees) medical or physical: injections, needles, going to the dentist,
hospitals, vomiting, choking.

SELECTIVE MUTISM:
Children who refuse to speak in situations where talking is expected or necessary, to the
extent that their refusal interferes with school and making friends, may suffer from
selective mutism. This usually affects young children, rather than teenagers.
Children suffering from selective mutism may stand motionless and expressionless, turn
their heads, chew or twirl hair, avoid eye contact, or withdraw into a corner to avoid
talking. These children can be very talkative and display normal behaviours at home or in
another place where they feel comfortable. Parents are sometimes surprised to learn from a
teacher that their child refuses to speak at school.
This is a term used to describe the behaviour of some children who do not speak in certain
situations while speaking in others. Children with selective mutism have a specific worry
about speaking, but only in the situations that make them feel anxious. Some children may
speak only to their parents but not to other adults. When they know they are going to have to
speak, these children may blush, look down, or withdraw. When they do communicate in
such situations, they may point or use other gestures, or whisper rather than talk.
Selective mutism is characterized by the consistent failure to speak in specific social
situations in which there is the expectancy for speech, despite speaking in other situations,
such as the home. The failure to speak is not due to a lack of knowledge or comfort with
social communication or a specific language (such as might occur for immigrants), and
is debilitating to the individual. It is not diagnosed when better accounted for by
embarrassment related to speech or language abilities, or by another psychiatric disorder.
Prevalence estimates of selective mutism range from 0.03% to 2%. The age of onset is
usually between 3 and 6 years. The disorder is more common in girls than boys, with a ratio
of about 3:1. Symptoms may be present several years before a referral is made, which

typically occurs through the school in the early school age years. The average age of
diagnosis is between 4 and 8 years old, or around the time a child enters school.

PANIC DISORDER:
Panic disorder is repeated, unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is an overwhelming
sensation of fear or panic in a situation where most people wouldnt be afraid.
Panic disorder often begins during adolescence, though it may start during childhood. Young
people will try to avoid situations if they fear a panic attack will happen, and this avoiding
behaviour may interfere with school, home and social relationships.
This is a severe type of anxiety disorder. Teenagers, and sometimes children, are likely
having a panic attack when they feel very scared or have hard time breathing and their heart
is pounding. They may also feel shaky, dizzy and think they are going to lose their mind or
even die. The teen or child may not want to go to school or leave the house at all because they
are afraid something awful will happen to them. Frequent panic attacks may mean that they
have a panic disorder.
These episodes of anxiety can occur for no apparent reason. With a panic attack, a person has
sudden and intense physical symptoms that can include a pounding heart, shortness of breath,
chest pain dizziness, stomach distress numbness, or tingling feelings causes by over-activity
of the body's normal fear response. Agoraphobia is an intense fear of panic attacks that causes
a person to avoid going anywhere a panic attack could possibly occur. Agoraphobia can
develop when children begin to avoid situations and places in which they had a previous
panic attack or fear they would be unable to escape if experiencing an attack. Refusing to go
to school is the most common manifestation of agoraphobia in kids.
They may be scared that something bad will happen because of the panic attack. For
example, they fear they could die, pass out, or go crazy. A key part of panic disorder is a fear
of future unexpected panic attacks. Children and youth with panic disorder may feel extreme
fear in certain places or situations that they associate with having panic attacks, like crowded
places or enclosed spaces such as elevators. This fear may lead them to avoid those places or
situations and is called agoraphobia.

Panic disorder is diagnosed if your child suffers at least two unexpected panic or anxiety
attackswhich mean they come on suddenly and for no reasonfollowed by at least one
month of concern over having another attack, losing control, or "going crazy."

SOCIAL PHOBIA:
Social phobia or social anxiety disorder is an intense fear of social situations or of being
judged or embarrassed in public. Social anxiety disorder, or social phobia, produces an
extreme fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in front of other people. Sometimes this
problem is also related to feelings of inferiority or low self-esteem.
Social anxiety disorder, or social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social and
performance situations and activities such as being called on in class or starting a
conversation with a peer.
Social anxiety disorder is much more than shyness and most often affects older children and
teenagers. It can produce uncontrollable, extreme and negative reactions to social situations
and can result in isolation, depression or substance abuse. A young person with this disorder
may experience extreme fear at the thought of using a public rest room, speaking in public,
eating in a restaurant or dating. They often feeling as if everyone are watching them and fear
doing or saying something stupid which will be humiliating. They may also see every
small mistake as a major issue.
Social phobia is more likely to occur in teenagers than young children. It involves
worrying about social situations, like having to go to school or having to speak in class.
Symptoms may include sweating, blushing, or muscle tension.
Reasons for this include widespread failure of both parents and school personnel to identify
the disorder, partially because they may not understand it is anything other than shyness.

CHAPTER III

RISK FACTORS FOR ANXIETY DISORDER:

Risk factors- things that might make a young person more vulnerable or sensitive to
experiencing anxiety might include:
Genetic factors that is, a family history of mental health problems
Personality factors, such as being very sensitive
Environmental factors, such as stress or a very stressful event in life
Other factors, such as on-going physical illness.
Studies have also found that having an anxiety disorder in early or middle childhood can
increase your childs risk of developing a depressive disorder in later adolescence. Not every
child with these risk factors will go on to develop an anxiety disorder. There is a strong
link between the quality of parent-teenager relationships and young people's mental
health. Strong family support and relationships might help to protect teenagers from mental
health problems.
Risk factors for the development of mental disorders in children have been divided into child
characteristics and those of his/her parents/family.
Child characteristics: Include gender, age, ethnicity, physical health, cognitive and
psychological function, pre- and perinatal exposures to illness, physical stress, alcohol, drugs,
nutrition, infections and other environmental agents, and lifetime history of environmental
exposures to toxins, stress, infections, social environment and stressful life events.
Family and parent characteristics: Including parental education, age, social class,
employment, psychiatric and medical history, and family function, structure.
Neighbourhood and broader contextual influences: On the health of children and their
families. One of the most, consistent and potent risk factors for the development of mental
disorders in children is a parental history of mental disorders.

Many variables are considered to be risk factors for anxiety disorders. Thus, cross-sectional
studies merely allow generation of initial hypotheses about potential risk factors, based on
demonstrations of associations between anxiety disorders and a range of potential variables,
such as demographic, neurobiology, family-genetic, personality, or environmental factors;
prospective-longitudinal studies are necessary to show that a factor increases the risk for the
onset of an anxiety disorder.

Demographic Variables

Sex: Female sex consistently emerges as a risk factor for the development of anxiety
disorders. Females are about twice as likely as males to develop each of the anxiety disorders.
Sex differences in prevalence, if any, are small in childhood but they increase with age.
Education: Most epidemiological studies find higher rates of anxiety disorders among
subjects with lower education in comparison with subjects with a higher education. It remains
unclear to which degree the lower educational performance is a predictor, correlate, or
consequence of anxiety.
Financial situation: With few exceptions, studies consistently find associations between low
household income or unsatisfactory financial situations and anxiety disorders. However,
results from a quasi-experimental study suggest that these associations may not emerge
through a risk factor-disorder association; other more complex relationships may explain the
associations seen in cross-sectional research.

Pathopsychology:
Family genetics: Two main approaches have been used to study the familial transmission of
anxiety disorders: family studies and twin studies. In family studies, the familial aggregation
of anxiety disorders has been shown to be substantial. Overall, children of parents with at
least one anxiety disorder have a substantially increased risk of also having an anxiety
disorder. A particular risk emerges for offspring when both parents are affected or when the
parents suffer from severely impairing, multiple, or early-onset anxiety disorders. Because it
is known that anxiety disorders are associated with an increased risk of depression and those

higher rates of depression are also found among offspring of parents with anxiety disorders.
Such cross-disorder associations have prompted investigations into the specificity of the
familial transmission of anxiety and other mental disorders. Relatives of adolescents with
comorbid anxiety/depression were more likely to show pure anxiety, pure depression, or
comorbid anxiety/depression. Moffitt and colleagues showed in the Dunedin birth cohort that
familial depression liability was associated with pure depression but not pure GAD among
offspring. Thus, a familial transmission of anxiety at least partly independent from depression
is suggested by these findings.
A meta-analyses of data by Hettema and colleagues from family and twin studies of panic
disorder, GAD, and phobias in adults showed that all anxiety disorders have a significant
familial aggregation. Twin studies can disentangle the genetic from the shared and non shared
environmental contributions in the familial transmission of anxiety disorders. Findings
indicate that the estimated genetic heritabilities across the disorders are generally no more
than modest, falling in the range of 30% to 40%. The considerable remaining variance in
liability can be attributed primarily to individual (non shared) environmental factors.
Regarding specificity, twin studies indicate that the genetic liability for specific anxiety
disorders overlaps partly. Furthermore, GAD in particular shares genetic liability with major
depression; both disorders, however, can be differentiated based on environmental risk.
Temperament and Personality: Temperamental and personality trait vulnerabilities such as
Eysencks neuroticism, Grays trait-anxiety, or Kagans behavioral inhibition, which are
likely to be overlapping constructs, are consistently viewed to play an important role in
anxiety disorders. In fact one might see these constructs as a precursor condition to the
occurrence of prototypical anxiety disorders. The tripartite model conceptualizes general
distress or negative affectivity as general higher-order vulnerability factor for anxiety and
depression, whereas low positive affectivity is specific to depression, and physiological
hyperarousal is specific to anxiety. Similarly, in a hierarchical model negative affectivity is
the higher-order factor relevant for anxiety and depression, but on a lower level each anxiety
disorder contains an additional specific component.
Twin studies consistently show high correlations between neuroticism and anxiety and
depression, as well as their co-occurrence. It is estimated that about 50% of the genetic
correlations between these disorders derives from the genetic factor for neuroticism.

The temperamental concept of behavioral inhibition reflects the consistent tendency to

display fear and withdrawal in unfamiliar situations. Behavioral inhibition is at least
moderately stable, detectable early in life, and under some genetic control. Children with
behavioral inhibition are shy with strangers and fearful in unfamiliar situations. With few
exceptions, behavioral inhibition was shown to be a risk factor for the development of
anxiety disorders.
Environmental Factors

Parenting style: Despite the existence of several clinical studies, there are only a few
epidemiological studies examining the question as to whether parenting style is an important
risk factor for anxiety disorders. In the EDSP study among adolescents, parental
overprotection and parental rejection were significantly associated with increased rates of
social phobia in offspring. Other analyses from this study indicate that overprotection
increases the risk for anxiety disorders but not pure depressive disorders, whereas
depressive disorders show associations to rejection. Kendler and colleagues examined 1033
female adult twin pairs, and measured 3 dimensions of parenting (coldness, protectiveness,
authoritarianism). High levels of coldness and authoritarianism in parents were modestly
associated with increased risk for nearly all disorders. Nevertheless, the impact of
protectiveness was more variable. Whereas phobia, GAD, major depression, and panic
disorder were significantly associated with protectiveness, bulimia, drug abuse, and alcohol
dependence showed no significant associations with this particular parenting dimension. In a
clinical sample, Merikangas and colleagues did not find an association between family
climate or rearing style and anxiety disorders in offspring of parents with anxiety or
substance use disorder. In a prospective-longitudinal design, parent-adolescent disagreements
were found to indirectly increase the risk for the onset of anxiety and depressive disorders
through their direct association with high symptom levels.
Childhood adversities: Most epidemiological studies find associations between adverse
experiences in childhood (eg, loss of parents, parental divorce, physical and sexual abuse)
and almost all mental disorders, including anxiety disorders. Kessler and colleagues found
associations between retrospectively reported childhood adversities, including loss events
(e.g., parental divorce), parental psycho pathologies (e.g., maternal depression), interpersonal
traumas (e.g., rape), and subsequent onset of DSM-III-R disorders in a large United States

community study of adults. These adversities were consistently associated with the onset of
anxiety disorders, mood disorders, addictive disorders, and acting out disorders. Also, a
history of neglect or abuse was a strong predictor of psychiatric morbidity (i.e., anxiety
disorders, depression, substance use disorders) in the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and
Incidence Study (NEMESIS). In the New Zealand CHDS study, individuals who reported
childhood sexual abuse had higher rates of major depression, anxiety disorder, conduct
disorder, substance use disorder, and suicidal behaviour than those not reporting sexual abuse.
Life events: Several studies showed associations between life events and anxiety disorders.
For example, in the EDSP study, preceding DSM-IV defined traumatic events predicted
subsequent anxiety and depressive disorders. It has been suggested that experience of threat
events tend to precede anxiety disorder, whereas loss events tend to precede depression. In a
study that examined the relationship between parental loss before age 17 years, Kendler and
colleagues reported that increased risk for GAD was associated with parental separation.
Increased risk for phobia was associated with parental death but not parental separation.
Changing social context: As our social context is changing day by day and we have to cross
new challenges every day. There are many instances in our life those create problem in our
adjustments in the changing society and these adjustments problems will lead to depression
or anxiety in youths. We feel anxious about making equilibrium in the society.
Competition among youths: This is also an important factor for increasing of anxiety or
depression in youths. In mostly every field of life we have compulsion to show ourselves, our
personality, and our calibre to the society around us. There is competition among peer group
in the field of study or in any field i.e. extra-curricular activities. Pressure by family, friend,
relatives to perform well in study. So our mind has lots of burden and pressure and most time
it leads to depression or anxiety in youths. They have anxious feeling of disrespect in the eyes
of their well-wisher as they do not want to make bad impression. So this factors most of the
time lead to anxiety in youths.
Lack of confidence: Lack of confidence is also an important factor for developing anxiety.
Youths with lack of confidence are the one not able to express themselves to the society. They
always want to express their view, want to take part in many academic activities but because
of the inability to express them they do not activate themselves in these fields like lectures,
discussion, debate, classroom discussion or friend circle. They feel that there is many other
people who can do better than themselves, so they do not take any chance to express their

thoughts to the society which lead to anxiety or depression in youth. They always think
negatively about situations. Many youths have problem in English speaking and because of
speaking, they have lack of confidence among their colleagues. They do not have confidence
that they can also do better so these are factors which lead to development of anxiety or
depression.
Adjustments: Adjusting ourselves to the present day situation is the main task of every one's
life; otherwise he or she will have suffered its consequences. Youths or present day
generation have problems in adjusting themselves to the changing social context. Everyone
wants to adjust themselves in accordance with the higher society. Many youths faces problem
in adjustment because of their economic class, social status, their linguists differences, and
their family background. Many have problem in English speaking, confidence and this lead to
anxiety or depression in youths.
Inferiority: Youths always have tendency to compare their life with the other people to
whom they consider perfect person. For ex. In college or in school life they always compare
ourselves to other student in every factor like study, sport, social life, college life, personal
life other extra-curricular activities. They try every possible way to come in line with other
people. Inferiority complex can also arise because of economic, social, personality, academic
factors. If anyone failed to achieve their target, anxiety or depression might take place.
Ragging: It is the most prevalent factor responsible for anxiety disorder or depression in
youth in today's life. Person who is being tortured may suffer anxiety in future. It is the most
dangerous form anxiety one can suffer. Ragging leave a deep impact on suffers mind.

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