TMIA ASSINGMENT

LSC

London School of Commerce

Managing Human Capital

MBA Semester -1

Group-D

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Parminder Bindra Rajinder Kumar

Student ID: 0679 GGMH 0609 (Lecturer)

Introduction
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Definition of industrey

Introduction to apple

APPLE HISTORY

Types of apple pruducts

Technical report overview

The World’s Fastest & Most Innovative Browser

iPhone users to operate Microsoft Word and Excel on their

phones

Comparison apple technology with others

Sony versus Apple iPod

Timeline

Definition of Industry

As per Section 2(j) of Industrial Disputes Act,1947 “Industry” means

any systematic activity carried on by co-operation between an
employer and his workmen(whether such workmen are employed by
such employer directly or by or through any agency, including a
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contractor) for the production ,supply or distribution of goods or

services with a view to satisfy human wants or wishes (not being wants
or wishes which are merely spiritual or religious in nature), whether or
not,- any capital has been invested for the purpose of carrying on such
activity; or such activity is carried on with a motive to make any gain
or profit, and includes- any activity of the Dock Labour Board
established under section 5-A of the Dock Workers ( Regulation of
Employment)Act,1948( 9 of 1948); any activity relating to the
promotion of sales or business or both carried on by an establishment,
but does not include- any agricultural operation except where such
agricultural operation is carried on in an integrated manner with any
other activity (being any such activity as is referred to in the foregoing
provisions of this clause) and such other activity is the predominant
one. Explanation:- For the purposes of this sub-clause ,” agricultural
operation” does not include any activity carried on in a plantation as
defined in clause (f) of section 2 of the Plantation Labour Act,1951; or
hospitals or dispensaries; o educational, scientific, research to training
institutions ; or institutions owned or managed by organizations wholly
or substantially engaged in any charitable ,social or philanthropic
service; or khadi or village industries ; or any activity of the
Government relatable to the sovereign functions of the Government
including all the activities carried on by the departments of the Central
Governments dealing with defence research , atomic energy and space
; or any domestic service ;or any activity ,being a profession practiced
by an individual or body of individuals ,if the number of persons
employed by the individuals or body of individuals in relation to such
profession is less than ten.

Introduction to apple
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Apple Computers Inc. is a multinational corporation established in

Cupertino, California on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak,
and Ronald Wayne. AppleInc., focusing on designing and
manufacturing consumer electronics and software, started producing
its first computers, The Apple I, and Apple II, in the late 1970's, which
assisted in its recognition nationally. In the mid 1980's, Apple helped
catapult it's self to stardom by launching one of the most well known
television adds during the 1984 super bowl. Shortly there after, on
January 24th, 1984, Apple held its first annual shareholders meeting
inwhich the Macintosh Computer was presented. However, after
slumping losses in the end of 1984 and continuing in to 1985, Steve
Jobs was relieved of his duties as head of the Macintosh division by
CEO John Sculley. After leaving Apple, Jobs began his own computer
and software company called NeXT Computers, which was his response
to Apple Lisa. After gaining some market share, NeXT was acquired by
Apple for $429 million and Jobs was re-hired to the company he
founded, and was quickly elevated to the CEO position.(Apple
Computer, 1997).After financing a few new deals, Jobs placed Apple
back on track, gaining market share. By opening the first Apple Store
in 1997, Jobs directed Apple towards a new 'built-to-order'
manufacturing concept, which placed the consumer as the designer of
their own product, allowing them to personalize their own products,
and give them the chance to have a hands on, test drive, of the latest
Apple products.(2008, History) teven Wozniak, the other co founder of
Apple, was a major player in the ompanies rise to fame. However, left
the company after a near fatal private plane crash in February of 1981
due to retrograde amnesia. After his recovery he had no recollection of
the accident and would even forget what the current day was.
(Wozniak, 2006).
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At first, Apple failed at producing digital cameras, portable CD players,

andVarious other video equipment, however, in recent years has seen
extreme growth in profits due to an elevated interest in its mobile
music electronics such as the Ipod and I-pod touch, as well as
penetrating the Smart Phone market by producing the I-phone (Apple
History). The release of the I-pod as well as Apple Itunes redefined the
mobile media market by allowing the user to upload their entire media
collection on to a compact device. Over the past decade the Ipod has
been redesigned and improved based on consumer needs as well as
pushing the technology to now include video and picture storage. With
the release of the Iphone in 2007 Apple was now able to combine an
Ipod with a cell phone. The Iphone was again updated with its
predecessor the Iphone 3g in 2008, which utilized faster and broader
wireless Internet network (Collins, 2008).One of the major phenomena
with Apple is its unique brand loyalty with its

Consumers and over 28,000 employees worldwide. Using innovative

marketing

Primarily in its commercials and consumer friendly stores Apple has

made

Computing fun and easy.

APPLE HISTORY

1976–1980: Saw apple's first product being sold (pi. Sold as an

assembled circuit board, it lacked basic features such as a keyboard,
monitor,) Apple was established on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve
Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne, to sell the Apple I personal computer
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kited case. Went on sale in July 1976 and was market-priced at

$666.66.

January 3, 1977 Wayne sold his share of the company back to Jobs and
Wozniak for $800. Mike Markkula provided essential business expertise
and funding of $250,000 during the incorporation of apple.

The Apple II was introduced on April 16, 1977 at the first West Coast
Computer Faire (Wikipedia, 2009). By the end of the 1970s, Apple had
a staff of computer designers and a production line. The Apple II was
succeeded by the Apple III in May 1980 as the company competed with
IBM and Microsoft in the business and corporate computing
market.1981–1985: Lisa and Macintosh

1983 and became the first personal computer sold to the public with a
GUI, but was a commercial failure due to its high price tag and limited
software titlesThe Macintosh 128K, the first Macintosh computer in
1984, Apple next launched the Macintosh. Its debut was announced by
the now famous $1.5 million television commercial, Apple's sustained
growth during the early 1980s was partly due to its leadership in the
education sector, attributed to their adaptation of the programming
language LOGO, used in many schools with the Apple II. The drive into
education was accentuated in California with the donation of one Apple
II and one Apple LOGO software package to each public school in the
state.(wikipedia,2009)
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1986–1993: Rise and fall

In 1989 Apple released its first "portable”

Macintosh computer i.e. The Macintosh Portable. Apple during those
years also experimented with a number of other failed consumer
targeted products including digital cameras, portable CD audio players,
speakers, video consoles, and TV appliances. They also invested
heavily in the widely documented, problem-plagued Newton division
based on John Scullery’s unrealistic market forecasts. However, all of
these failed experiments were taking its toll on Apple’s market share
and its stock prices continued to slide spectacularly (wikipedia,2009)

1994–1997: Attempts at reinvention

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The much hyped but failed Newton was Apple's

first foray into the PDA markets however it helped pave the way for the
Palm Pilot and Apple's very own IPhone. In 1997 at the Macworld Expo,
it was revealed that Microsoft invested150 million dollars in Apple’s
non-voting stock and that Apple and Microsoft were to release a new
version of Microsoft Office for the Macintosh. Apple then introduced its
Apple Store, tied to a new build-to-order manufacturing strategy in
November 10, 1997 and the very next year they announced the
purchase of Macromedia's Final Cut software, thus venturing into the
digital video editing market.

However it was on October 23, 2001, Apple introduced the iPod digital
music player which till today is the market leader in portable music
players and in May the same year Apple opened its first official Apple
Retail Stores in Virginia and California. In 2002 Apple purchased
Nothing Real for their advanced digital compositing application Shake

And in 2003, they launched Apple's iTunes Store; offering online music
downloads which was integration with the iPod, (Wikipedia, 2009)

The iPod

Main article: iPod

In October 2001, Apple introduced its first iPod portable digital audio
player. The iPod started as a 5 gigabyte player capable of storing
around 1000 songs. Since then it has evolved into an array of products
including the Mini (now discontinued), the iPod Touch, the Shuffle, the
iPod Classic, the Nano, and the iPhone. As of January 2010, the largest
storage capacity for an iPod was 160 gigabytes.

2005–present: The Intel partnership

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Company headquarters on Infinite Loop in Cupertino, California.January

9, 2007, CEO of Apple Computer Inc, Steve Jobs announced that, Apple
Computer Inc. would henceforth be known as Apple Inc. This event also
saw the announcement of the iPhone and the Apple TV.

Apple the very next year in July launched its Apple Store to sell third-
party applications for the iPhone and iPod Touch (Wikipedia, 2009)

Many harmful toxins eliminated.

has worked hard to eliminate many of the toxins used in

manufacturing a note book. Take, for example, the mercury used in
backlights and the arsenic contained in the glass of traditional displays
and more such harmful toxins. Apple has removed these toxins from
Mac Book computers, and the same has been done for Apple LED
Cinema Display, iPod touch, iPod classic, iPod nano, and iPhone 3G,
which are used on a day-to-day basis and by a large amount of
customers.

Technical report overview

There are numerous examples throughout modern history of disruptive

technologies appearing, apparently from nowhere, to displace existing

technologies and the industries and vendors that grew up around

them.

In the consumer technology space, the phenomenal adoption of mobile

phones springs quickly to mind, but equally innovations such as the

desktop computer, video recorders, the iPod and iTunes, flat-panel TVs,

digital/personal video recorders (DVRs/PVRs) and Internet TV have

caused – and continue to cause – disruption in markets and shifted the

balance of power in entire ndustries.
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A number of rapidly evolving trends, technological advances and

consumer behaviors are changing the

shape of consumer technology markets, and in turn combining to

create new consumer technology product

classes and markets. As a result, a number of traditional business

models are under threat.

This report aims to provide insight into the patterns and characteristics
of potentially disruptive technologies

and the cultural trends that are shaping consumer technology

disruption, by analyzing the factors that

combine to create disruption. Armed with this knowledge businesses

can turn disruption from a threat into

an opportunity. The report applies this knowledge and asks the all-
important question: Which consumer

technologies are most vulnerable to disruption?

Apple Announces Safari 4—The World’s Fastest &

Most Innovative Browser

New Nitro Engine Runs JavaScript More Than Four

Times Faster

CUPERTINO, California—February 24, 2009—Apple® today announced

the public beta of Safari® 4, the world’s fastest and most innovative
web browser for Mac® and Windows PCs. The Nitro engine in Safari 4
runs JavaScript 4.2 times faster than Safari 3.* Innovative new features
that make browsing more intuitive and enjoyable include Top Sites, for
a stunning visual preview of frequently visited pages; Full History
Search, to search through titles, web addresses and the complete text
of recently viewed pages; Cover Flow®, to easily flip through web
history or bookmarks; and Tabs on Top, to make tabbed browsing
easier and more intuitive.

“Apple created Safari to bring innovation, speed and open standards

back into web browsers, and today it takes another big step forward,”
said Philip Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president of Worldwide Product
Marketing. “Safari 4 is the fastest and most efficient browser for Mac
and Windows, with great integration of HTML 5 and CSS 3 web
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standards that enables the next generation of interactive web

applications.”

Safari 4 is built on the world’s most advanced browser technologies

including the new Nitro JavaScript engine that executes JavaScript up
to 30 times faster than IE 7 and more than three times faster than
Firefox 3. Safari quickly loads HTML web pages three times faster than
IE 7 and almost three times faster than Firefox 3.*

Apple is leading the industry in defining and implementing innovative

web standards such as HTML 5 and CSS 3 for an entirely new class of
web applications that feature rich media, graphics and fonts. Safari 4
includes HTML 5 support for offline technologies so web-based
applications can store information locally without an Internet
connection, and is the first browser to support advanced CSS Effects
that enable highly polished web graphics using reflections, gradients
and precision masks. Safari 4 is the first browser to pass the Web
Standards Project’s Acid3 test, which examines how well a browser
adheres to CSS, JavaScript, XML and SVG web standards that are
specifically designed for dynamic web applications.

Safari for Mac, Windows, iPhone™ and iPod® touch are all built on
Apple’s WebKit, the world’s fastest and most advanced browser
engine. Apple developed WebKit as an open source project to create
the world’s best browser engine and to advance the adoption of
modern web standards. Most recently, WebKit led the introduction of
HTML 5 and CSS 3 web standards and is known for its fast, modern
code-base. The industry’s newest browsers are based on WebKit
including Google Chrome, the Google Android browser, the Nokia
Series 60 browser and Palm webOS.

Innovative new features in Safari 4 include:

Top Sites, a display of frequently visited pages in a stunning wall of

previews so users can jump to their favorite sites with a single click;

Full History Search, where users search through titles, web addresses
and the complete text of recently viewed pages to easily return to sites
they’ve seen before;

Cover Flow, to make searching web history or bookmarks as fun and

easy as paging through album art in iTunes®;

Tabs on Top, for better tabbed browsing with easy drag-and-drop tab
management tools and an intuitive button for opening new ones;
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Smart Address Field, that automatically completes web addresses by

displaying an easy-to-read list of suggestions from Top Sites,
bookmarks and browsing history;

Smart Search Field, where users fine-tune searches with

recommendations from Google Suggest or a list of recent searches;

Full Page Zoom, for a closer look at any website without degrading the
quality of the site’s layout and text;

built-in web developer tools to debug, tweak and optimize a website

for peak performance and compatibility; and

a new Windows-native look in Safari for Windows, that uses standard

Windows font rendering and native title bar, borders and toolbars so
Safari fits the look and feel of other Windows XP and Windows Vista
applications.

Safari 4 for Mac OS X requires Mac OS X Leopard® version 10.5.6 and

Security Update 2009-001 or Mac OS X Tiger® version 10.4.11, a
minimum 256MB of memory, and is designed to run on any Intel-based
Mac or a Mac with a PowerPC G5, G4 or G3 processor and built-in
FireWire®. Safari 4 for Windows requires Windows XP SP2 or Windows
Vista, a minimum 256MB of memory and a system with at least a 500
MHz Intel Pentium processor. Full system requirements and more
information on Safari 4 can be found at www.apple.com/safari.

*Performance will vary based on system configuration, network

connection and other factors. All testing conducted on an iMac® 2.8
GHz Intel Core 2 Duo system running Windows Vista, with 2GB of RAM.
JavaScript benchmark based on the SunSpider JavaScript Performance
test. HTML benchmark based on VeriTest’s iBench Version 5.0 using
default settings.

Apple ignited the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the
Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 1980s with the
Macintosh. Today, Apple continues to lead the industry in innovation
with its award-winning computers, OS X operating system and iLife and
professional applications. Apple is also spearheading the digital media
revolution with its iPod portable music and video players and iTunes
online store, and has entered the mobile phone market with its
revolutionary iPhone.

iPhone users to operate Microsoft Word and Excel on

their phones
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A new application suite will soon be available for iPhone

users who will be able to share Microsoft Word and Excel files on their
phones. Quickoffice for iPhone that was announced this week at CTIA
Wireless 2009 tradeshow and conference in Las Vegas features a
broad range of editing and file-management functions.

Among the main Word-document editing capabilities included into

Quickoffice for iPhone there are such as font formatting, text selection,
bulleting, and cut, copy, and paste within Word documents. As for
Excel-features these will include math and stat functions, cell editing,
the ability to recalculate entries, and to insert and resize rows and
columns.

A developed of Quickoffice for iPhone also creates a number of

productivity apps for Symbian, Android, Blackberry, and Palm devices.

At the moment only two modules of the Quickoffice for iPhone suite are
available, namely the $12.99 Quicksheet and $3.99 Quickoffice Files
(iTunes links). Later the package will be complemented by Quickword.

An "introductory price" of the suite will be $19.99 as reported by

Quickoffice. The new product should be expected to come next week.

Comparison apple technology with others

Apple's (nasdaq: AAPL - news - people )Steve Jobs, meanwhile, is free

to do things Microsoft can only dream of doing--and Google's Eric
Schmidt isn't about to complain. Apple users may be disappointed
after the biggest news out of Monday's Apple developers conference
was new Web browser software for Windows. But the move is only
Apple's latest thrust into software that Microsoft fought bitterly to
control in the late 1990s.

Microsoft has its long, ugly antitrust history to thank for that. Microsoft
was originally supposed to be broken up into pieces after it was
branded a monopoly by a federal judge in November 1999. But Bill
Gates won a reprieve in November 2001, after an appeals court
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rejected the breakup and Microsoft agreed to a settlement. Rather

than busting up Microsoft, the deal blocks Microsoft from hindering
rivals who would build applications that run on Windows--and Jobs has
been using that ruling to turn Apple into a Windows software
powerhouse ever since.

For starters, Apple can now do all sorts of things with its operating
system that are off-limits for Microsoft. In January 2001, it introduced
Apple iTunes, software for buying and managing multimedia content
that is now baked into every Apple. In January 2003, it introduced a
browser, dubbed Safari. In 2005, Apple released a version of its OS X
operating system with a slick, built-in search feature dubbed Spotlight.
"They're the only company that actually forced Microsoft off of the
operating system because of their integrated Safari browser," says Rob
Enderle, principal analyst at Enderle Group, referring to the latest
version of Apple's OS X software.

Better still, from Apple's point of view, Microsoft has to keep its doors
wide open to whatever Apple product Jobs cares to give away. That's
helped Apple's iTunes software crush Microsoft's alternative among
users of the Windows operating system. "It's like giving a glass of ice
water to somebody in hell," quipped Jobs at this month's D: All Things
Digital conference in Carlsbad, Calif.

Meanwhile, lawyers for Google and every other potential Microsoft

target keep Gates in check. Microsoft crushed upstart browser
company Netscape in the late 1990s by building a free Web browser
into its ubiquitous operating system. Google is determined not to let
Microsoft do the same to it by building Internet search into Windows.
"This is a pre-emptive move," says Matt Rosoff, an analyst with
research firm Directions on Microsoft.

So, who's next? Graphics software company Adobe (nasdaq: ADBE -

news - people ) and security specialist Symantec (nasdaq: SYMC -
news - people ) have both used Microsoft's status as a monopoly to jab
at Microsoft, particularly in Europe. Now both software vendors will
likely get a hearing with anyone in the United States who takes an
interest in Google's latest claims.

For Apple, the endgame, of course, is selling more hardware, not

dislodging Microsoft as a software monopoly. The trouble for Microsoft,
of course, is that Apple can just keep giving away the software,
because that's not where it makes all its money. Meanwhile, since the
2001 deal, Microsoft's shares are down more than 3%.
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Sony versus Apple iPod

Overweight as evolution into growth-driven portfolio franchise

accelerates next year.
Increased conviction due to: 1) low penetration of iPods, 2) further
evidence of the “halo effect”, 3) expected new product introductions
and 4) retail store expansion still in early growth stage. We’re raising
our estimates to better account for recent margin performance as well
as roughly 50% of the upside that we view likely (due to C06 new
product introductions).

Statistically significant survey of 2,500 US consumers: Just 8% of US

households surveyed own an iPod; 5% own a Mac. Given low
penetration and continued signs of the iPod “halo effect”, people think
meaningful US retail growth opportunities still exist. If people
benchmark similar US retail store strategies, Apple stores could grow
from 135+ today to 300+ over the next several years.

A recent survey points to a shift in demand towards iPod video and

incremental interest for new forms of digital content (beyond just the
iPod customerbase). A majority of industry experts don’t expect Apple
computers to sit still as others take advantage of these opportunities.

The consumer technology shift away from home office and into the
living room is one of our three core theses for 2006 (see our industry
note published yesterday, titled “Technology Innovation Drives Positive
Bias: AAPL, EMC and Dell Top Picks”). Industry analyst’s thinks Apple is
hands down the best positioned to capitalize — from an ease of use,
industrial design and digital content perspective. After pulling together
data points from Apple headquarters and a statistically significant
survey of 2,500 US consumers, it is being believe market share and
new product opportunities accelerate even more than we expected in
2006. Many rating companies maintain Overweight on AAPL shares and
increase our price target to $90 (from $70).

Experts continue to believe demand outstrips supply for iPods and that
Apple is doing the best it can to supply both its own and traditional
retail stores. The US consumers we surveyed plan to buy more iPod
and related products than any other electronics category. To hone in
on this point, more people plan to buy an iPod this holiday season than
a cell phone. Also interesting, more people plan to buy iTunes gift
cards this season than non-iPod branded MP3 players. What’s more, of
those planning to purchase an iPod (either as a gift or for themselves)
this holiday season, only a small percentage would purchase another
brand of MP3 player if a store was out of their desired model.
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Importantly, none of the current iPod or MP3 owners surveyed would

switch to another brand if their desired iPod was sold out. Experts
believe this speaks wonders on iPod brand loyalty and ultimately ties
consumers into an expanding portfolio of Apple products.

Interestingly, the iPod installed base appears set to skew towards the
higher function iPod video. Demand for non-Music digital content also
expands beyond just the iPod customer base. Experts believe this
provides evidence that management of digital content in the living
room is importantto consumers and could drive incremental demand
this coming year.

IMPROVE THE TECHNOLOGY WITH IN THE ORGINAZATION

Apple’s is a technological product oriented company and its success in
creating products like the iPod and computers is to a large extent
attributed to the bold managerial skills of its chief executive Steven
Jobs. He founded Apple in 1976, was ousted in 1985 and made an
triumphant return in 1997. His innovative and groundbreaking
strategies have led Apple to hold a monopoly on the graphical user
interface for almost ten years now.
Innovation is a combination of new ideas and action or
implementation, which results in an improvement, gain or profit. A firm
to successfully innovate must create a conducive environment for
information creation and evaluations of all procedures,
Product innovation one way that an organisation can adapt to changes
in markets, technology and competition. Apple has effectively
managed her Technology through the following ways:
a) Competitive advantage and proprietary technology:-.
Competitive advantages are the benefits one firm enjoys over the
other. In 1983, Steve Jobs visited Xerox Parc and there saw technology
vision of new personal computer. This vision was introduced in Lisa
that is in 1983, and the second generation of technology in personal
computer was introduced in 1984. Apple introduced Lisa to compete
with IBM but results were disappointing so Macintosh a smaller version
of Lisa was drafted in and priced in IBM range. Macintosh continued to
lead in technology over IBM for a decade until 95 when Microsoft
caught them up with Windows 95. Since then no firm has ever
dominated the technological market for a long time. (Betz 2005).
Allio (2003), talks about strategy and leadership. Innovation
management and strategy is so paramount in a company.
Effective Managers need to be good strategist and leaders
and be abreast with the current market and consumer trends to
effectively lead the company into the future. It’s of paramount
importance for them also to seek alliances with other individuals and
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companies who exhibit creative thinking and engage them in brain

storming important issues.
Timeline
1976:
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak form the Apple Computer Company and sell
their first personal computers.
1977:
Apple introduces the improved Apple II, the first practical personal
computer.
1980:
Apples sells shares to the public and raises more than $80 million in less
than one hour.
1982:
Apple becomes the first personal computer company to reach $1 billion in
sales.
1984:
The Macintosh computer is introduced, which includes such features as a
mouse and graphical user interface.
1985:
Wozniak and Jobs leave Apple.
1991:
Apple enters a deal with IBM and Motorola to design a new
microprocessor.
1997:
Jobs returns to Apple and announces a deal with the Microsoft
Corporation.
1998:
Apple introduces the popular iMac computer.
2001:
Jobs promotes the iPod, a small device that records one hundred hours of
digital music; Apple opens its first retail store.
2002:
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Apple releases updated iMac with a flat-screened monitor and pedestal

base.

Apple introduced its new computer at a computer show in May 1977 and received
hundreds of orders in just a few days. Within a year, sales of the Apple II hit $1
million. Early in 1978, Apple added an optional floppy disc drive. A disc worked
better than cassette tapes for storing information. The disc gave users an easy
way to share data with each other, and programmers began writing new software
on the discs.

Read more: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/businesses/A-F/Apple-

Computer-Inc.html#ixzz0jwjZnkYR

References
What is what, (2007), [WWW], Available from:(http://what-is-
what.com/what_is/apple.html), [accessed on 17 march] MY3Question,
(2009), [WWW], Available

http://wf2dnvr9.webfeat.org/D4SoL1176/url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/c83365aa-6b96-
11dc-863b-0000

http://wf2dnvr9.webfeat.org/D4SoL1207/url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0803b620-1a6f-
11de-9f91-0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1

THE CHANGING FACE OF THE MAC:

Apple's Macintosh in it's Early Years
It’s easy to imagine that bringing the Mac to market was the direct
result
of a clear vision born of Steve Jobs. In fact, it was a bumpy ride.
 TMIA ASSINGMENT

TECHNOLOGY ROCKSTAR:
Linus Torvalds
Based on Linus Torvalds' contribution to CHM's oral history collection.

http://www.apple.com

^ a b "Steve iPhone: Hundreds Come, Lines Orderly". MP3 Newswire.

June 29, 2007. http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/7002/iphone-
line.html.

^ "Apple — iPhone — Tech Specs". Apple and the Wayback machine.

July 14, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-07-14.
http://web.archive.org/web/20070714051039/http://www.apple.com/ip
hone/specs.html.

http://www.scribd.com/doc/7395794/Apple11

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Copac,(2009),[WWW]Available

http://copac.ac.uk/wzgw?id=090323167cd1dff8414eff53c981eb0437ff42&fs=History

What is what, (2007), [WWW], Available from:(http://what-is-

what.com/what_is/apple.html), [accessed on 17 march] MY3Question,
(2009), [WWW], Available

http://wf2dnvr9.webfeat.org/D4SoL1176/url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/c83365aa-6b96-
11dc-863b-0000

http://wf2dnvr9.webfeat.org/D4SoL1207/url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0803b620-1a6f-
11de-9f91-0000779fd2ac.html?nclick_check=1

THE CHANGING FACE OF THE MAC:

Apple's Macintosh in it's Early Years
It’s easy to imagine that bringing the Mac to market was the direct
result
of a clear vision born of Steve Jobs. In fact, it was a bumpy ride.

TECHNOLOGY ROCKSTAR:
Linus Torvalds
Based on Linus Torvalds' contribution to CHM's oral history collection.
 TMIA ASSINGMENT

http://www.apple.com

^ a b "Steve iPhone: Hundreds Come, Lines Orderly". MP3 Newswire.

June 29, 2007. http://www.mp3newswire.net/stories/7002/iphone-
line.html.

^ "Apple — iPhone — Tech Specs". Apple and the Wayback machine.

July 14, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-07-14.
http://web.archive.org/web/20070714051039/http://www.apple.com/ip
hone/specs.html.

http://www.scribd.com/doc/7395794/Apple11