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Chemical
and
pharamacological
investigation of the roots were carried out by
Joshi et al. (1957)8 and they also reported
Vakerin (Bergenin 2%) in the root. The
roots possesses antibacterial activity.
Bhatnagar et al. (1961)9. Plant possess
antiseptic properties Chopra et al (1958)6
and its effects on respiration and on
cardiovascular Dhar et al. (1973)10.
Except
for
pharmacological
of W.spicata, no
the literature
some
chemical
and
investigations on the root
references are available in
on its pharmacognosy.
Fig 2 : BARK
Fig 3 : ROOT
The bark is prickly. It is blackish before
scraping and brownish after scraping, cm.
In thickness. The bark is bitter in taste.
TABLE I
Histochemical tests on the bark and the root of Wagatea spicata Dalzell.
TESTS
Starch
Tannins
Alkaloids
REAGENTS
Iodine
BARK
-ve
RESULTS
LOCATION
ROOT
+ve
LOCATION
Xylem and ray
Parenchyma
10% Acidic
FeCl3
+ve
Phelloderm
+ve
Secondary
Phloem,
Xylem and ray
Parenchyma
Mayers
reagent
+ve
Phelloderm
+ve
Phloem
Parenchyma
Wagners
reagent
+ve
Phelloderm
+ve
Phloem
Parenchyma
Drangendorffs
reagent
+ve
Phelloderm
+ve
Phloem
Parenchyma
Conc. H2SO4
+ve
Phelloderm
+ve
Phloem
Parenchyma
Histochemistry
Histochemical tests were carried out on the
genuine material and market sample for
starch, tannins and alkaloids. For these tests
free hand sections were taken and these
were treated with different reagents. The
results are given in the Table I
Phytochemistry
Phytochemical tests were carried out on
water extracts for starch, proteins, tannins,
saponins, anthroquinones and reducing
sugars and on alcohol extracts for alkaloids,
flavonoids and glycosides.
TABLE II
Phytochemical tests on the bark and the root of Wagatea spicata Dalzell
Bark
* (G. M.)
Results
Root
(G. M.)
Root
*(M.S.)
a) Water extracts :
Starch
Proteins
Tannins
Saponins
Anthroquinones
Reducing sugar
-ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
-ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
-ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
-ve
-ve
+ve
b) Alcohol extracts :
Alkaloids :
Mayers reagent
Wagners reagent
Dragendroffs reagent
Picric acid
Tannin acid
Flavonoids
Glycosides
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
-ve
-ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
-ve
-ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
+ve
-ve
-ve
Tests
* G. M. : Genuine material
* M. S. : Market sample
TABLE III
Estimation of proteins and carbohydrates in the bark and the root of Wagatea spicata
Dalzell
Proteins
BARK
* (G. M.)
0.9135 mg / gm
RESULTS
ROOT
(G. M.)
1.960 mg/gm
ROOT
* (M.S.)
1.4238 mg/gm
Total sugars
0.1514 mg/ gm
0.1493 mg/gm
0.1250 mg/gm
Reducing sugars
0.1333 mg/ gm
0.0932 mg/gm
0.0933 mg/gm
0.0561 mg/gm
0.0317 mg/gm
Starch
1.1359 mg/gm
1.0426 mg/gm
ITEM
0.765 mg/ gm
TABLE IV
Percentage extractives and ash in the bark and the root of Wagatea spicata Dalzell
ITEM
BARK
* (G. M.)
Total ash
6.1
0.0941
RESULTS
ROOT
(G. M.)
8.5
ROOT
* (M.S.)
9.9
0.1475
0.2121
Extractives :
Water
1.5
1.8
1.9
Ethanol
2.0
1.9
2.0
Solvent ether
1.0
1.5
1.6
Petroleum ether
1.5
1.8
2.0
TABLE V
Fluorescence analysis of the bark and the root of Wagatea spicata Dalzell
TREATMENT
1) Powder as such mounted in Nitrocellulose
Brown
Green
Pale green
Brown
Green
Pale green
SUMMARY
Wagatea spicata Dalzell is known in
vernacular as, Vagati or Vakeri is a well
known drug used in the pneumonia and
frequently used as an application for skin
diseases. The roots of this plant has long
been sold in various drug markets of
Maharashtra,
hence
the
detailed
pharmacognostic studies have been carried
out
which
includes,
macroscopic,
microscopic
characters,
percentage
extractives and ash, fluorescence analysis,
histochemistry and phytochemistry to detect
adulteration if any.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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