Pharmacology Credit 01- Batch 205

1)T/F regarding pharmacokinetics

a.Bioavailability is 100% in IV drugs T
b.Bioavailability is dependant on pharmaceutical formulation
T
c.Clearance of a drug from plasma does not exceed the
glomerular filtration T
d.Availability of a drug is reduced in the presence of hepatic
impairment F
e.Phase I metabolism terminates the biological action of a
drug F

2)T/F regarding clinical trials

a.Are not conducted in the community F
b.Single blind design eliminates observer bias F
c.Randomization avoids selection bias of participants T
d.Phase I studies are done in patients with target disease F
e.Phase IV studies are useful in identifying long term adverse
effects T

3)T/F regarding 1st order kinetics

a.Constant fraction of drug is metabolised per unit time T
b.Mostly enzyme mediated reactions F
c.Exhibit saturation kinetics F
d.Are shown by alcohol at low doses T

e.Applies to most of drugs in clinical use T

4)T/F
a.Potency is the amount of drug in relation to its effect T
b.A more potent drug will achieve a higher maximum effect
than a less potent drug F
c.Therapeutic efficacy refers to the capacity of a drug to
produce maximum effect T
d.Selectivity of a drug for a receptor is absolute F
e.Antagonist of a receptor has no affinity for receptor F

5)Adrenaline
a. Dilatation of bronchi T
b.Non-selective adreno receptor agonist of B-receptors T
c.antagonist of Alpha receptors F
d.1 in 1000 for cardiac arrest F
e.used with lignocaine in surgery of digits T

6)T/F regarding anticoagulants

a.LMWH has a shorter duration of action than UFH F
b.Warfarin produces anticoagulant effect within an hour F
c.APTT used to monitor warfarin F
d.Thrombocytopenia is commoner in UFH than LMWH T

e.LMWH accelerates the action of antithrombin III on

thrombin F

7)A prescription
a.is a document with legal implication T
b.is an order given by doctor to pharmacist to withdraw
drugs T
c.in SL its mandatory to write the brand name F
d.given as required SOS drugs should indicate minimum
dose interval T
e.recommended to be written with ink

8)Drugs used in the treatment of angina

a.GTN T
b.Frusemide F
c.Alcohol F
d.Carvedilol F
e.Aspirin T

9)Muscarinic receptors action

a.Constriction of pupil T
b.dry mouth decreases salivation F
c.GI motility increases T

d.Urinary retention in elderly males F

e.Dry skin F

10)Thiazides
a. acts on proximal part of DCT T
b. hypoglycaemia F
c. Amidarone adverse effect hypothyroidism T
d. secreted by GFR F
e.Flat dose response (increased dose, increased efficacy) T

11)Warfarin
a.APTT used to monitor F
b. Anticoagulant response 1 hr to act F
c. Orally given, bioavailability 100% T

12)B-Blockers
a.Carvedilol is a selective B-blocker F
b. Metoprolol C/I in heart failure F
c. Atenolol has a high vd F

13)Calcium Channel Blockers

a.Diltiazem has a greater inotropic effect than verapamil F
b. Verapamil acts more on veins than arteries F
c. blocks Ca2+ influx into the muscles of the myocardium T

d. amlodipine C/I in heart failure F

e.Verapamil A/E constipation T

14) Nitrates
a. Isosorbide DiNitrate given sublingually
b.Transdermal patches overuse leads to tolerance T
c. have a greater effect on arteries than veins F

15)Statins
a.LDL receptors upregulated T
b.Fibrates decrease HDL F
c.Extimibe does not function w/o dietary cholesterol F
d. are taken in the morning F

16)Anti-Arrhythmic drugs
a.Arrhythmogenic T
b.Atenolol is Type I A F
c.Digoxine (-)ve inotropic F
d.Sulfoxamide toxicity is reversed by using neostigmine

17)ACE inhibitors (Capropril)

a. Negative chronotropy F
b. Decreases TPR T
c.Decreases CO F

d.Aldosterone secretion decreases T

18)Anti-rheumatics
a.Paracetamol 300mg is given
b.Ibuprofen irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenases F
c.Methotrexate is the DMART T
d.Aspirin is given for acute RA (choice of drug) F
e.Ibuprofen inhibits COX-I irreversibly

19)Neuro-muscular blockers
a. Competitive blockers are depolarized F
b. acts on nicotinic receptors T
c. given before induction (analgesia is produced) T
d.U1 receptors- bronchoconstriction
e. Used in biliary colic (commonly used) F
*Morphine= drowsiness without amnesia T
*NMJ Blockers= allows local anaesthetics to be given lightly F

20)General Anaesthesia
a. Ketamine is a muscle relaxant in abdominal surgery F
b. Thiopentol is ultra short acting T
c. NO is slow acting
d. N2O is rapidly absorbed
e.N2:O2 50:50 is given in obstetrics T

MISCELLANEOUS (have no idea under which stem the following

falls)

Pharmacokinetics= Phase I metabolites are inactive

Tropicamide= has a short half life
Tropicamide anaesthesia is given to tip of digits
1st order kinetics occur in enzymatic reactions F