REGISTRATION OF RIGHTS

The Intellectual Property established only a single register of marks. It accommodates applications for
the registration of which are ordinarily precluded for lack of distinctiveness, once they have acquired
secondary meaning. These marks include:
(j) Consists exclusively of signs or of indications that may serve in trade to designate the kind,
quality, quantity, intended purpose, value, geographical origin, time or production of the goods or
rendering of the services, or other characteristics of the goods or services;
(k) Consists of shapes that may be necessitated by technical factors or by the nature of the goods
themselves or factors that affect their intrinsic value;
(l) Consists of color alone, unless defined by a given form;
Ownership as basis for registration: The term "owner" does not include the importer of goods bearing
the trademark, trade name, service mark, or other mark of ownership, unless such importer is actually
the owner thereof in the country from which goods are imported. In such case, the importer may
submit an application to the Register of Names and Other Marks of Ownership Stamped on Containers
of Beverages, if it is made of record in the Patent Office that he is duly authorized by the actual owner
of the same or other marks of ownership.
While the IPC does not contain any explicit reference to ownership of marks as basis for their
registration, it does recognize by its definitions of "mark", "collective mark" and "trade name" that the
right of representation belongs to the owner.
Since IPC seeks to implement, among others, the TRIPS Agreement, the notion of "registered owner"
does not mean registration establishes merely a presumptive right of ownership, that cannot under the
TRIPS Agreement, prejudice any existing prior rights. Hence, an exclusive distributor does not acquire
any proprietary interest in the principal's trademark and cannot register it in his own name unless it
has been validly assigned to him.

A. Requirements for the application for registration

Any person who is a national or who is domiciled or has a real and effective industrial establishment in a
country which is a party to any convention, treaty or agreement relating to intellectual property rights or
the repression of unfair competition, to which the Philippines is also a party, or extends reciprocal rights to
nationals of the Philippines by law, shall be entitled to benefits to the extent necessary to give effect to
any provision of such convention, treaty or reciprocal law, in addition to the rights to which any owner of
an intellectual property right is otherwise entitled by this Act.
However, if the law of that country imposes any condition, restriction, limitation, diminution, requirement,
penalty or any similar burden imposed by the law of a foreign country on a Philippine national seeking
protection of intellectual property rights in that country, it shall reciprocally be enforceable upon nationals
of said country, within Philippine jurisdiction.
Section 124. Requirements of Application. - 124.1. (Addressed to the Director) The application for the
registration of the mark shall be in Filipino or in English and shall contain the following:
(a) A request for registration;
(b) The name and address of the applicant;

(c) The name of a State of which the applicant is a national or where he has domicile; and the
name of a State in which the applicant has a real and effective industrial or commercial
establishment, if any;
(d) Where the applicant is a juridical entity, the law under which it is organized and existing;
(e) The appointment of an agent or representative, if the applicant is not domiciled in the
Philippines;
(f) Where the applicant claims the priority of an earlier application, an indication of:
i) The name of the State with whose national office the earlier application was filed or if filed
with an office other than a national office, the name of that office,
ii) The date on which the earlier application was filed, and
iii) Where available, the application number of the earlier application;
(g) Where the applicant claims color as a distinctive feature of the mark, a statement to that effect
as well as the name or names of the color or colors claimed and an indication, in respect of each
color, of the principal parts of the mark which are in that color;
(h) Where the mark is a three-dimensional mark, a statement to that effect;
(i) One or more reproductions of the mark, as prescribed in the Regulations;
(j) A transliteration or translation of the mark or of some parts of the mark, as prescribed in the
Regulations;
(k) The names of the goods or services for which the registration is sought, grouped according to
the classes of the Nice Classification, together with the number of the class of the said
Classification to which each group of goods or services belongs; and
(l) A signature by, or other self-identification of, the applicant or his representative.
124.2. The applicant or the registrant shall file a declaration of actual use of the mark with evidence to
that effect, as prescribed by the Regulations within three (3) years from the filing date of the application.
Otherwise, the application shall be refused or the mark shall be removed from the Register by the Director.
124.3. One (1) application may relate to several goods and/or services, whether they belong to one (1)
class or to several classes of the Nice Classification.
124.4. If during the examination of the application, the Office finds factual basis to reasonably doubt the
veracity of any indication or element in the application, it may require the applicant to submit sufficient
evidence to remove the doubt. (Sec. 5, R.A. No. 166a)

A Foreign Applicant must provide the ff:

1. Name of the state of which he is a national or where he has a domicile
2. Name of the State in which the applicant has a real and effective industrial or commercial
establishment, if any.

A Non-resident foreigner may apply for trademark registration if he is a national of a member country
of the Paris Convention. As a member of the Paris Convention, the Philippines adopts the national
treatment principle contained in Arts. 2 and 3 of the Said convention.
Requirements for Applications Claiming Priority Right. An application claiming priority right must be
filed within six (6) months from the date the earliest foreign application was filed. Without need of any
notice from the office, bureau or examiner, the applicant shall file an English Translation of the
certified copy of either of the ff: (1)corresponding foreign application showing the date of filing or (2)
foreign registration indicating the date of filing.
With a timely claim of Convention priority, an application for registration of mark filed in the Philippines
by a person referred to in Section3, and who previously duly filed an application for registration of the
same mark in one of the countries shall be considered as filed as of the day the application was first
filed in a foreign country. However, no registration of a mark in the Philippines by a person shall be
granted until such mark has been registered in the country of origin of the applicant.
However, the owner of a registration with a claim of priority cannot sue for acts committed prior to the
date on which his mark was registered in this country. This restriction, does not operate against the
owner of a well-known mark that is not registered in the Philippines which may oppose its registration
or petition the cancellation of its registration or sue for unfair competition, without prejudice to availing
himself of other remedies provided for under the law.
Even in the case of foreign applicants, ownership is the basis for registration. An applicant seeking to
register a foreign trademark, trade name, or service mark or other mark of ownership in the
Philippines must prove his ownership thereof by submitting a certified and authenticated copy of the
certificate of registration issued to him by his home country.
An applicant may base its claim of ownership of a trademark or a service mark on any of the ff:
1. its own exclusive use of the mark
2. use of the mark entirely by a related company whose use inures to the applicant's benefit or
3. use of the mark both by the applicant and by a related company whose use inures to the
applicant's benefit
The use of a mark by a company related with the registrant or applicant shall inure to the latter's
benefit, and such use shall not affect the validity of such mark or of its registration: Provided, That
such mark is not used in such manner as to deceive the public. If use of a mark by a person is
controlled by the registrant or applicant with respect to the nature and quality of the goods or services,
such use shall inure to the benefit of the registrant or applicant.
A related company is, distinguished from a successor in interest, which is privity with the predecessor
in interest for purposes of determining the right to register. Corporations are not related companies
merely because they have the same stockholders, directors or officers, or because they occupy the
same premises. Under the IP Code, if there is no stipulation on quality control or the licensor fails to
effectively carry it out, the license shall not be valid.
If the party applying to register the mark is in fact the owner of the mark, but there is a mistake in the
manner in which the name of the applicant is set out in the application, the mistake may be corrected
by amendment.
If the applicant is not domiciled or has no real and effective commercial establishment in the
Philippines, he shall designate by a written document filed in the office, the name and address of a
Philippine resident who may be served notices or process in proceedings affecting the mark.
The office shall record any change of address, or address for service, which shall be notified to it by
the registered owner. In the absence of any provision to the contrary in the IP Code, communications
to be made to the registered owner shall be sent to him at his last recorded address, and at the same,
at his last recorded address for service.
One application may relate to several goods/services, whether they belong to one class or to several
classes of the Nice Classification. Where goods and services belonging to the classes of the Nice
Classification have been included in one application, such an application shall result in one registration.
Moreover, the use of a mark in connection with one or more of the goods or services belonging to the

class in respect of which the mark is registered shall prevent its cancellation or removal in respect of
all other goods or services of the same class.
INITIAL APPLICATION - application referring to several goods or services
DIVISIONAL APPLICATION - application by which the applicant divides into two or more
applications and distributes among the latter the goods or services referred to in the initial application.
However, a single class shall not be divided.

B. Sample of TM Application
*See attached copy
C. Sample of Declaration of Actual Use (DAU)

1. The declaration shall be under oath,

2. must refer to not more than one application or registration,
3. must contain the name and address of the applicant or registrant declaring that the mark is in
actual use in the Philippines, list the goods where the mark is attached;
4. list the name or names and the exact location or locations of the outlet or outlets where the
products are being sold or where the services are being rendered,
5. recite sufficient facts to show that the mark described in the application or registration is being
actually used in the Philippines, specifying the nature of such use, attaching certified or original
copies of purchase orders, sales invoices, official receipts, stating the volume of sales during the
fiscal year immediately preceding the filing of the declaration, furnishing copies of printed
advertisement and other proofs of advertising with a statement of the advertising cost in the
immediately preceeding fiscal year as shown in the corresponding audited financial statements
where applicable, or income tax returns in all cases.
6. The declarant should also attach five labels as actually used on the goods or the picture of the
stamped or marked container visibly and legibly showing the mark as well as proof of payment of
the prescribed fee.
The IP Code requirements for a trademark application do not include any use in commerce of the
trademark at the time of the filing of the application.
However, the applicant shall file a declaration of actual use of the mark and evidence to that effect, as
prescribed by the Regulations, within three years from the date of filing of the application otherwise
the application shall be refused or the mark shall be removed from the Register by the Director of
Patents. This requirement for registration is MANDATORY whether the mark involved is well-known or
not.
Trademark applications that are identical with or confusingly similar to well-known marks are barred
from registration even if the well-known mark is not registered in the Philippines but in this case, the
rival marks are3 barred only if they are identical or similar goods or services.
In contrast, the rival marks are barred from registration by the well-known marks that are registered
here even for goods or services that are not similar with respect to those for which registration is
applied for.

D. Claim of Color

Where color is a material feature of the mark as used or intended to be used, the color or colors
employed may be actually reproduced in the drawings and fascimiles. Otherwise, a statement must be
made giving the name or names of the color or colors claimed indicating the principal part of the
marks which are in such colors.
Color is usually perceived as an ornamental feature of goods. However, color can function as a
trademark if it is used on the goods in the manner of a trademark and if the purchasing public
perceives it as identifying and distinguishing the goods or services on which it is used and indicating
their source. Color alone may sometimes meet the basic legal requirements for a trademark. When it
does, there is no rule that prevents color from serving as a mark.

Unless a proposed mark is inherently distinctive, the applicant must submit evidence that it has
become distinctive of the applicant's goods in commerce. In contrast, evidence was found insufficient
to establish that two-colored drug capsules and multi-colored seeds or granules contained therein had
become distinctive.

TRI-DIMENSIONAL MARK
those that have depth as well as height and breath when they are used.
Apart from the essential element of distinctiveness, the trademark must be visible, effectively
ruling out the registrability of scent and sound marks in the Philippines in contrast to US.
GR: Slogans can function as trademark
XPN: Slogans that are merely informational in nature or said to be in common laudatory phrases or
statements that would ordinarily be used in business or in a particular trade or industry
Ex: A 3-dimensional display or structure at or near the place such as restaurant, where service is
performed. The 3-dimensional configuration of a building is registrable only if it is used in such a way that
bit is or could be perceived as a mark. Evidence of use for 3-dimensional mark in buildings: menu,
letterhead stationery which show promotion of building's design or configuration
REPRODUCTION AND FASCIMILE OF MARK
If colors are not claimed, all drawings must be made with pen only or by a process which will give them
satisfactory reproduction characteristics. Every line and letter, signatures included, must be absolutely
black. All lines must be clean, sharp and solid and must not be too fine or crowded. Surface shading
should be open.
TRANSLATION/TRANSLITERATION OF MARK

When does it apply: When some parts of the mark contains foreign words, letters, characters,
soundings.
Transliteration - act, process or instance of representing or spelling of words, letters or characters of
one language in the letters and characters of another language or alphabet.
Translation - act, process, or instance of translating as rendering from one language or
representational system into another.
The doctrine of foreign equivalents is not normally invoked if the marks alleged to be confusingly
similar are both foreign words.
Where the primary difference between marks is the transposition of the elements which compose the
marks and where this transposition does not change the overall commercial impression, there may be
a likelihood of confusion.

SIGNATURE AND SELF-IDENTIFICATION

No attestation, notarization, authentication, legalization or other certification of any signature or other
means of self-identification referred to in the preceding paragraphs will be required, except, where the
signature concerns the surrender of a registration.
E. Appointment of an agent
Power of Attorney- required only when filing is through a representative

F. Stages in the registration of trademarks

FILING DATE

Filing Date. - Requirements. - The filing date of an application shall be the date on which the Office
received the following indications and elements in English or Filipino:
(a) An express or implicit indication that the registration of a mark is sought;
(b) The identity of the applicant;
(c) Indications sufficient to contact the applicant or his representative, if any;
(d) A reproduction of the mark whose registration is sought; and
(e) The list of the goods or services for which the registration is sought.
No filing date shall be accorded until the required fee is paid.

EXAMINATION OF

If during the examination of

application, the office finds
factual basis to reasonably
doubt the veracity of any
indication or element in the
application, it may require
applicant to submit sufficient
evidence to remove doubt.

If after examination, applicant is not

entitled to registration for any reason,
office shall advise the applicant and the
reasons therefore.
The applicant shall have a period of four
months in which to reply or amend his
application, which shall then be
reexamined.
The regulation shall determine the
procedure for the reexamination or

An abandoned application may be revived as pending application within three months from the date of
abandonment, upon good cause shown and payment of required fee.
An application for registration is prosecuted ex parte by the applicant. The proceedings are like a lawsuit in
which there is a plaintiff (applicant) but no defendant, the court itself (Examiner) acting as adverse party.
No attention shall be paid to ex parte statements or protests of persons concerning pending applications to
which they are not parties, unless information of the pendency of the applications shall have been
voluntarily communicated by the applicants.
Applications shall be examined for registrability in the order in which the complete requirements for grant
of filing date are received by the office. Ordinarily, the order of the application number assigned to them
by the office will be followed and no application bearing a higher application number shall be examined in
advance of the applications with lower application numbers unless the filing date of former is earlier than
latter.

The Office may allow or require the applicant to disclaim an unregistrable component of an otherwise
registrable mark but such disclaimer shall not prejudice or affect the applicant's or owner's rights then
existing or thereafter arising in the disclaimed matter, nor such shall disclaimer prejudice or affect the
applicant's or owner's right on another application of later date if the disclaimed matter became distinctive
of the applicant's or owner's goods, business or services.
Purpose of disclaimers: to make of record, that a significant element of a composite mark is not being
exclusively appropriated apart from the composite.
The ff. portions must be disclaimed: (1) generic (2) descriptive (3) matter which does not function as a
trademark
ACTION DOCUMENT - document by which examiner communicates to the applicant his finding that a
portion of a mark contains unregistrable matter which must be disclaimed. If applicant fails to respond
within the time allowed under these Rules, the finding of the Examiner shall become final and the
unregistrable matter shall be disclaimed.
Non-English wording that comprises an unregistrable component of mark is subject to disclaimer such as
word "Kogaku" which means optical.

INTERVIEW WITH EXAMINERS

Interviews with examiners can only be held upon written request specifying the query he would want to
propound and after payment of the required fee, but in respect of which the examiner has the discretion
to grant the interview or instead reply to the query in writing.
The interview shall take place within the premises of the office and during regular office hours as specified
by the examiner.
All interviews with examiners shall be reduced to writing and signed by examiner and the applicant
immediately after the conference. Such writing shall form part of the records of the office. Interviews for
the discussion of pending applications shall not be held prior to the first official action thereon.
COMMUNICATIONS - shall mean any response filed with the office except compliance with filing date
requirements. Office shall accept communications to it by telecopier, or by electronic means. When
communications are made by telefacsimile, the reproduction of the signature or reproduction of the seal
together with the indiation in letters of the name of natural persons whose seal is used must appear.
Within 24 hours from receipt of the telefacsmile by a machine of the office, the examiner shall confirm the
date of receipt of the telefacsimile by means of a notice requiring the applicant to pay cost, as may be
established from time to time, incurred by the office to enable the office to receive such telefacsmile.
The original copy of the communication and payment of cost must be received by office within one month
from date of receipt of telefacsmile. Otherwise, communcations shall be deemed withdrawn and expunged
from records.
Onus probandi lies on the applicant that such documents have been received by office.
Abandonment

Rule 614. Abandonment; incomplete response. If an applicant fails to respond, or to submit a complete
response, within the period given counted from the mailing date of an action of the Examiner, the
application shall be deemed abandoned as of the day immediately following the last day of the aforesaid
period.

Rule 615. Revival of abandoned application. (a) An abandoned application may be revived as a pending
application within three (3) months from the date of abandonment, if it is shown to the satisfaction of the
Director, and upon payment of the required fee, that the delay was due to fraud, accident, mistake, or
excusable negligence.
(b) A request to revive an abandoned application must be accompanied by a statement of the causes of
the delay in submitting the complete response and by the proposed response, unless the same has been
previously filed. Any application not revived within the specified time will be deemed forfeited upon the
expiration of the three-month period to revive.
(c) There shall be no revival of an abandoned application that has been revived once before on the same
issue.

Suspension and Provisional Allowance

Rule 616. Time less than four months; when request for extension should be made. (a) The applicant
may be required to prosecute his application in a time shorter than four months but not less than one (1)
month from the mailing date of the examiners action whenever such shorter time is deemed necessary or
expedient. Unless the applicant is notified in writing that response is required in less than four months, a
maximum period of four months is allowed.
(b) The time for reply, when a time less than four months has been set, will be extended only for good
and sufficient cause and for a reasonable time specified. Any request for such extension must be filed on
or before the day on which the response of the applicant is due. In all cases, the maximum time within
which to submit a response to an action shall not exceed four months from the mailing date of the
action.

Rule 618. Provisional Allowance. If the only issue remaining in an application based on foreign
application claiming priority right is the submission of a certified copy of the foreign or home registration,
the Examiner may provisionally allow the application and suspend the submission of the certified copy of
the foreign or home registration for a period not exceeding twelve (12) months counted from allowance.
On request of the applicant and subject to the approval of the Director and payment of the required fee,
said twelve month period may be extended for good cause by an additional period not exceeding twelve
(12) months. Should the applicant fail to submit the certified copy of the foreign or home registration
within the maximum period of twenty four (24) months counted from allowance, the applicant may waive
his claim to priority right in writing and request that the application be considered based on intent to use.
Said waiver and request shall be filed within two (2) months, without extension, counted from the
expiration of the maximum twenty four (24) month period without need of any notice from the Office.
Otherwise, the application shall be deemed forfeited. The declaration of actual use shall be filed within

twelve (12) months, without extension and without need of notice, counted from expiration of the twenty
four (24) month period. Otherwise, the application shall be refused by the Director motu proprio.

PUBLICATION FOR

Where the Office finds that the conditions referred to in Subsection 133.1 are fulfilled, it shall upon
payment of the prescribed fee, forthwith cause the application, as filed, to be published in the prescribed
manner.
Opposition. - Any person who believes that he would be damaged by the registration of a mark may, upon
payment of the required fee and within thirty (30) days after the publication referred to in Subsection
133.2, file with the Office an opposition to the application. Such opposition shall be in writing and verified
by the oppositor or by any person on his behalf who knows the facts, and shall specify the grounds on
which it is based and include a statement of the facts relied upon. Copies of certificates of registration of
marks registered in other countries or other supporting documents mentioned in the opposition shall be
filed therewith, together with the translation in English, if not in the English language. For good cause
shown and upon payment of the required surcharge, the time for filing an opposition may be extended by
the Director of Legal Affairs, who shall notify the applicant of such extension. The Regulations shall fix the
maximum period of time within which to file the opposition. (Sec. 8, R.A. No. 165a)
Extension of period for filing the verified opposition. - For good cause shown and upon payment of the
required surcharge, the time for filing the verified opposition may be extended for an additional one (1)
month by the Director upon the written request of the opposer. Whenever an extension is granted, the
Director shall cause the applicant to be notified thereof. The petition for extension shall be filed in
triplicate. However, in no case shall the period within which to file the verified opposition exceed four (4)
months from the date of release of the IPO Gazette publishing the mark being opposed. If the last day for
filing of the notice of opposition or the verified opposition falls on a Saturday, Sunday, holiday, nonworking holiday as may be declared by the President of the Philippines or on a day when the Office or the
Bureau is closed for business as may be declared by the Director General, the same shall be moved to the
immediately following working day.
When the period for filing the opposition has expired, or when the Director of Legal Affairs shall have
denied the opposition, the office upon payment of the required fee, shall issue certificate of registration.
Upon issuance, notice thereof making reference to the publication shall be published in IPO Gazette.
(a) Upon certification by the Director of the Bureau of Legal Affairs that no notice of opposition, whether or not verified
and whether or not by means of the original copy, has been filed within one (1) month from the date of release for
circulation of the IPO Gazette publishing the application for opposition, and upon payment of the required fee, the office
shall issue the certificate of registration. The Director of the Bureau of Legal Affairs shall issue such certification within
two (2) months from the date of release for ciriculation of any IPO Gazette publishing applications for opposition. The
issuance of the certificate of registration shall be published in the IPO Gazette and shall be entered on the records of the
Office.
The registration of a mark shall include a reproduction of the mark and shall mention: its number; the name and address
of the registered owner and, if the registered owner's address is outside the country, his address for service within the
country; the dates of application and registration; if priority is claimed, an indication of this fact, and the number, date and
country of the application, basis of the priority claims; the list of goods or services in respect of which registration has

been granted, with the indication of the corresponding class or classes; and such other data as the Regulations may
prescribe from time to time.
A certificate of registration of a mark may be issued to the assignee of the applicant: Provided, That the assignment is
recorded in the Office. In case of a change of ownership, the Office shall at the written request signed by the owner, or his
representative, or by the new owner, or his representative and upon a proper showing and the payment of the prescribed
fee, issue to such assignee a new certificate of registration of the said mark in the name of such assignee, and for the
unexpired part of the original period.

CERTIFICATE OF
A certificate of registration of a mark shall be prima facie evidence of the validity of the registration, the registrant's
ownership of the mark, and of the registrant's exclusive right to use the same in connection with the goods or services and
those that are related thereto specified in the certificate.
The Office shall publish, in the form and within the period fixed by the Regulations, the marks registered, in the order of
their registration, reproducing all the particulars referred to in Subsection 137.2.
Marks registered at the Office may be inspected free of charge and any person may obtain copies thereof at his own
expense. This provision shall also be applicable to transactions recorded in respect of any registered mark.

VOLUNTARY
Upon application of the registrant, the Office may permit any registration to be surrendered for cancellation, and upon
cancellation the appropriate entry shall be made in the records of the Office. Upon application of the registrant and
payment of the prescribed fee, the Office for good cause may permit any registration to be amended or to be disclaimed in
part: Provided, That the amendment or disclaimer does not alter materially the character of the mark. Appropriate entry
shall be made in the records of the Office upon the certificate of registration or, if said certificate is lost or destroyed, upon
a certified copy thereof
CORRECTIONS
Correction of Mistakes Made by the Office. - Whenever a material mistake in a registration incurred through the fault of
the Office is clearly disclosed by the records of the Office, a certificate stating the fact and nature of such mistake shall be
issued without charge, recorded and a printed copy thereof shall be attached to each printed copy of the registration.
Such corrected registration shall thereafter have the same effect as the original certificate; or in the discretion of the
Director of the Administrative, Financial and Human Resource Development Service Bureau a new certificate of
registration may be issued without charge. All certificates of correction heretofore issued in accordance with the

Regulations and the registration to which they are attached shall have the same force and effect as if such certificates and
their issuance had been authorized by this Act. (n)
Correction of Mistakes Made by Applicant. - Whenever a mistake is made in a registration and such mistake occurred in
good faith through the fault of the applicant, the Office may issue a certificate upon the payment of the prescribed fee:
Provided, That the correction does not involve any change in the registration that requires republication of the mark.

RENEWAL OF
A certificate of registration may be renewed for periods of ten (10) years at its expiration upon payment of the prescribed
fee and upon filing of a request. The request shall contain the following indications:
(a) An indication that renewal is sought;
(b) The name and address of the registrant or his successor-in-interest, hereafter referred to as the "right holder";
(c) The registration number of the registration concerned;
(d) The filing date of the application which resulted in the registration concerned to be renewed;
(e) Where the right holder has a representative, the name and address of that representative;
(f) The names of the recorded goods or services for which the renewal is requested or the names of the recorded
goods or services for which the renewal is not requested, grouped according to the classes of the Nice
Classification to which that group of goods or services belongs and presented in the order of the classes of the
said Classification; and
(g) A signature by the right holder or his representative.
146.2. Such request shall be in Filipino or English and may be made at any time within six (6) months before the
expiration of the period for which the registration was issued or renewed, or it may be made within six (6) months after
such expiration on payment of the additional fee herein prescribed.
146.3. If the Office refuses to renew the registration, it shall notify the registrant of his refusal and the reasons therefor.
146.4. An applicant for renewal not domiciled in the Philippines shall be subject to and comply with the requirements of
this Act.

"Registrant" - includes both the original registrant and a person who has acquired ownership through
proper transfer of title who is called as the successor-in-interest or the right holder.
Registration are renewed by IP Office in the name of the registrant of record. A party who is not an
original registrant may establish ownership of registration by submitting documentary evidence of the
chain of title. Registration will not be renewed in the name of present owner unless all relevant documents
have been recorded in the records of IP office.

The mark in connection with which the application for renewal is filed must be essentially the same as the
mark that appears in the registration. Where the mark has been changed since the original registration,
acceptance of the application for renewal will depend on the degree of change. A material alteration of the
mark will result in refusal of the application on the ground that the mark is currently in use is a new mark
and that the registered mark is no longer in use.

ISSUANCE OF
CERTIFICATE OF
When the period for filing the opposition has expired, or when the Director of Legal Affairs shall have denied the
opposition, the Office upon payment of the required fee, shall issue the certificate of registration. Upon issuance of a
certificate of registration, notice thereof making reference to the publication of the application shall be published in the IPO
Gazette.
The Office shall maintain a Register in which shall be registered marks, numbered in the order of their registration, and all
transactions in respect of each mark, required to be recorded by virtue of this law.
137.2. The registration of a mark shall include a reproduction of the mark and shall mention: its number; the name and
address of the registered owner and, if the registered owner's address is outside the country, his address for service
within the country; the dates of application and registration; if priority is claimed, an indication of this fact, and the number,
date and country of the application, basis of the priority claims; the list of goods or services in respect of which registration
has been granted, with the indication of the corresponding class or classes; and such other data as the Regulations may
prescribe from time to time.
137.3. A certificate of registration of a mark may be issued to the assignee of the applicant: Provided, That the assignment
is recorded in the Office. In case of a change of ownership, the Office shall at the written request signed by the owner, or
his representative, or by the new owner, or his representative and upon a proper showing and the payment of the
prescribed fee, issue to such assignee a new certificate of registration of the said mark in the name of such assignee, and
for the unexpired part of the original period.
137.4. The Office shall record any change of address, or address for service, which shall be notified to it by the registered
owner.
137.5. In the absence of any provision to the contrary in this Act, communications to be made to the registered owner by
virtue of this Act shall be sent to him at his last recorded address and, at the same, at his last recorded address for
service.

NOTICE OF
Damages; Requirement of Notice. - In any suit for infringement, the owner of the registered mark shall not be entitled to
recover profits or damages unless the acts have been committed with knowledge that such imitation is likely to cause

confusion, or to cause mistake, or to deceive. Such knowledge is presumed if the registrant gives notice that his mark is
registered by displaying with the mark the words '"Registered Mark" or the letter R within a circle or if the defendant had
otherwise actual notice of the registration.

G. Rights acquired

H. Term of Protection