Org. Beh. (Seema Ma'm New)

UNIT 1.
Introduction to Organizational Behaviour

1. An organization is considered to be a group of ______or more people, who
consciously contribute their efforts towards the achievements of certain goals.
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
2. Who defined organization as, a social unit which is deliberately constructed and
reconstructed to seek specific goals.?
a. Talcott Parsons
b. Henry Mintzberg
c. Elton Mayo
d. Henry Fayol
3. To run the organization effectively, managers need to learn first how to
communicate ________ and ________ with individuals and groups.
a. formally; informally
b. formally; verbally
c. informally; non-verbally
d. informally: non-verbally
4. OB stresses upon creating a ________ climate comprising harmonious inter-person

relations, hygienic working conditions, fair and adequate compensation, better and
safe equipment for performing the job, effective leadership, employees
participation, etc.
a. cold
b. hot
c. healthy
d. unhealthy
5. OB guides managers on how to cope with human ________ by adopting different

techniques for timely and smooth introduction of change.
a. cooperation
b. strength
c. intelligence
d. resistance
6. ________ is the power and the right to take certain decisions, to punish or reward
the employees, giving directions to others.
a. responsibility
b. accountability
c. authority
d. morality
7. Organizations can also be structured as rigid, _________ systems (mechanistic) or

as loose, flexible systems (organic).
a. centralized
b. decentralized
c. standardized
d. mechanized
8. What are the three important activities to be performed by managers under

interpersonal role?
a. figurehead; leader; liaison
b. monitor; disseminator; spokesperson
c. entrepreneur; disturbance handler; negotiator
d. liaison; disseminator; negotiator
9. What are the three important roles to be performed by individuals under

informational roles?
a. entrepreneur; disturbance handler; negotiator
b. figurehead; liaison; leader
c. monitor; disseminator; spokesperson
d. monitor; entrepreneur; leader
10. ________, the father of Scientific Management, through his research and
observations, devised a new theory on scientific principle.
a. F.W. Taylor
b. Henry Fayol
c. Elton Mayo
d. Henry Mintzberg
11. Who identified and carried out some experiments to analyse the importance of
human relations at work, in 1924?
a. F.W. Taylor
b. Henry Fayol
c. Elton Mayo
d. Henry Mintzberg
12. _________ is one of the challenges for OB.

a. Liberalization
b. Standardization
c. Modernization
d. Globalization
13. One of the main personality traits to be possessed by the _________ managers is
to have the sensitivity to understand the individual differences among people and
exhibit tolerance to it.
a. expatriate
b. marketing
c. sales
d. finance
14. The major challenge for managers is to stimulate _________ creativity and
tolerance for change.
a. employer
b. organizational
c. individual
d. employee
15. The study of Organizational Behaviour can be categorized into Micro and Macro
OB. Micro OB deals with individuals and groups, whereas Macro OB deals with the
______ at large.
a. organization
b. environment
c. job
d. location
16. OB is a useful tool for understanding human behaviour, that can be studied at the ______ ,
group or organizational level.
a. animal
b. individual
c. employee
d. bird
17. The organizational behaviour help an individual to understand himself as well as others
better. This also improves interpersonal relations among all levels of ______.
a. employers
b. employees
c. workers
d. labourers
18. The task of a manager is to get the work done through ______ by inspiring them to achieve
organizational goals.
a. superiors
b. foreigners
c. subordinates
d. friends
19. Good communication can lead to wonders in the organization, whereas poor communication
can create ______.
a. blunders
b. thunders
c. surprises
d. events
20. Effective organizational ______ covers a broader view rather than focusing on narrow
aspects.
a. climate
b. style
c. behavior
d. manner
21. OB strives to maintain ______ inter-personal relationships.
a. conflicting
b. harmonious
c. unpleasant
d. bad
22. OB provides directions to managers as to how to deal with employee ______ in different
situations.
a. decision
b. problems
c. stress
d. behaviour
23. OB helps managers to understand the different motives of different individuals and the ways
to ______ them.
a. teach
b. control
c. advice
d. reward
24. ______ is the law of nature and is inevitable.
a. Change
b. Communication
c. Eating
d. Living
25. Dealing with human ______ is the toughest and the most challenging task of a manager.
a. change
b. resistance
c. persistence
d. anger
26. The key elements or determinants of OB are ______ , structure, technology and the external
environment in which the organization operates.
a. people
b. animal
c. bird
d. insect
27. People use ______ to produce the required goods and services. In addition, these elements
influence and equally get influenced by the external environment.
a. people
b. technology
c. hands
d. brains
28. ______ make up the internal environment of the organization. They work as individuals or in
groups.
a. People
b. Animal
c. Bird
d. Insect
29.______ defines the formal relationships of people within organizations. The jobs are
assigned to individuals according to their expertise and specialization.
a. People
b. Structure
c. Environment
d. technology
30. ______ is the power and right to take certain decisions, to punish or reward the employees,
giving directions to others. The higher the position in hierarchy, the greater is the authority.
a. Authority
b. Responsibility
c. Accountability
d. Reliability
31. Division of Labor refers to the distribution and assignment of responsibilities to different
members of the organization as per that of the ______ structure.
a. legal
b. social
c. economic
d. financial
32. Span of ______ is the extent to which a superior is able to supervise maximum number of
subordinates efficiently and effectively.
a. supervise
b. advice
c. administer
d. control
33.______ refers to the number of specialties or expertise in the work performed by individuals
within the organization.
a. Division
b. Specialization
c. Globalization
d. generalization
34.______ refers to the extent to which rules, procedures, policies, norms and communications
are written down for the ease of employees.
a. Formalization
b. Specialization
c. Globalization
d. generalization
35. ______ is the degree to which the decision making authority is concentrated at the top
level.
a. Formalization
b. Centralization
c. Globalization
d. Generalization
36. Organizations can also be structured as rigid, standardized systems (mechanistic) or as
loose, flexible systems (organic). Thus, the ______ of the organizations can range from high
rigidity to high flexibility.
a. structure
b. style
c. design
d. shape
37. Managers under interpersonal role as ______ symbolizes social, inspirational, legal and
ceremonial obligations to be fulfilled by managers. Here, the manager is seen as an icon of
status and authority.
a. figurehead
b. leader
c. liaison
d. negotiator
38. Managers under interpersonal role as a ______ is one who can protect the organization
during crisis time.
a. figurehead
b. leader
c. liaison
d. negotiator
39. Managers under interpersonal role as ______ acts as a network that gathers the
information, exchanges it with others and develops its knowledge base.
a. figurehead
b. leader
c. liaison
d. negotiator
40. State true or false:
1. Psychology is the study of human race and culture.
2. Anthropology is is the science or study of individual human behaviour
a. 1.T 2.T
b. 1.T 2.F
c. 1.F 2.T
d. 1.F 2.F
UNIT 2. Introduction to Organizational Design

1. Organization design refers to the construction or change of a ________ within
which the work of the organization takes place.
a. strategy
b. process
c. method
d. structure
2. Managers and all the members work together to describe the needs of the
organization and then create such ________ that meet those specified needs most
effectively.
a. structures
b. designs
c. processes
d. systems
3. ________ systems administer the organization through guidelines, rules and

regulations, procedures and policies.
a. Internal systems
b. External systems
c. Organizational systems
d. Administrative systems
4. The ________ dimension shows the differentiation of jobs resulting into different
departments whereas; the ________ dimension depicts the relationships between
authority and responsibility across all the levels in a hierarchical manner right from
________ to ________.
a. horizontal; vertical; top; bottom
b. vertical; horizontal; top; bottom
c. horizontal; vertical; bottom; top
d. vertical; horizontal; bottom; top
6. Line organization stresses more on command and control whereas, functional

system emphasizes upon ________ of authority.
a. centralization
b. decentralization
c. specialization
d. generalization
7. Which staff supports the top management people in performing their day to day
tasks, such as, clerks, attenders, peons etc.?
a. personal staff
b. specialized staff
c. general staf
d. senior staff
8. Unbroken line of authority and responsibility establishes the pattern of________ in

every organization.
a. hierarchy
b. division
c. unity
d. chain
9. F.W. Taylor has introduced the concept of ________ in his scientific management
theories.
a. generalization
b. liberalization
c. segregation
d. specialization
10. ________ of command means that a subordinate has to be responsible to one

senior only.
a. Unity
b. Division
c. Order
d. Implementation
11. Span of ________ refers to the maximum number of employees that can be
supervised efficiently and effectively by a senior.
a. plan
b. direction
c. coordination
d. control
12. _________ refers to the degree to which authority is concentrated at one position
i.e. the top position.
a. Decentralization
b. Specialization
c. Generalization
d. Centralization
13. In ________ the authority is distributed and passed on to other levels of the
organization.
a. decentralization
b. specialization
c. generalization
d. centralization
14. What is the most common form of Departmentation?

a. Departmentation by time
b. Departmentation by customers
c. Departmentation by process
d. Departmentation by function
15.________ organization is a combination of functional and project organization.

a. Matrix
b. Virtual
c. Dysfunctional
d. Boundaryless
16. Organization design begins with the formulation of a strategy (strategies are the
plan of actions that are implemented to bridge up the gap between the present
state and the desired future state).
a. an equation
b. a strategy
c. a structure
d. a system
17. The ______ is derived from clear, concise statements of vision, mission and from
the organizations basic philosophy.
a. equation
b. strategy
c. structure
d. system
18. Strategy unites the aim of the organization and actions of the members to
accomplish desired ______.
a. outcomes
b. incomes
c. outputs
d. inputs
19. It is the ______ that encourages those actions that support the purpose of the
organization and discourages those that do not.
a. strategy
b. system
c. structure
d. strength
20. Creating a strategy is the task of ______ , not organizing.
a. planning
b. directing
c. controlling
d. monitoring
21. We also have to connect people with the information and technology necessary
for them to become ______.
a. depressed
b. unsuccessful
c. successful
d. untrustworthy
22. Organization structure defines the formal relationships among people and
specifies both their authorities and ______ .
a. responsibilities
b. accountabilities
c. capabilities
d. abilities
23. Administrative ______ administer the organization through guidelines, rules and
regulations, procedures and policies.
a. structures
b. systems
c. decisions
d. problems
24. Information and technology define the ______ through which members achieve
their outcomes.
a. people
b. technology
c. processes
d. strategies
25. According to ______ , organization is a structural relationship by which an
enterprise is bound together and the framework in which individual effort is
coordinated.
a. Koontz and ODonnell
b. Henry Fayol
c. J.M. Lundy
d. F.W. Taylor
26.______ is an important concept as it depicts the creation and linkage between other
components of the organization. It is also known as the chain of command.
a. Control
b. Hierarchy
c. Authority
d. Responsibility
27. ______ has introduced the concept of specialization in his scientific management theories.
a. F.W. Taylor
b. Henry Fayol
c. J.M. Lundy
d. Koontz and ODonell
28. no man can serve two masters alone, ______ ______ borrowed this idea from Bible and
implemented in his principles of administrative management.
a. F.W. Taylor
b. Henry Fayol
c. J.M. Lundy
d. Koontz and ODonell
29. ______ comes to an individual by virtue of his position and role played.
a. Control
b. Authority
c. Responsibility
d. Accountability
30.______ is the obligation of a subordinate towards his seniors to fulfill their orders.
a. Responsibility
b. Authority
c. Accountability
d. Capability
31. In a ______ span of control, there is a smaller number of subordinates to be supervised by a
senior and hence, due to a smaller number of subordinates the number of levels in the
organization gets increased.
a. wide
b. narrow
c. broad
d. tiny
32. Where there is a larger number of subordinates being directed by a senior, there will be few
layers in the organization and will shape it as a ______ or flat organization.
a. wide
b. narrow
c. large
d. small
33. Departmentation by ______ or service type of categorization takes place in large business
units that are engaged in the process of manufacturing a number of unrelated products or
services.
a. customers
b. process
c. time
d. product
34. Departmentation by ______ or territory type of departmentation is done where the
organization has dispersed its various business units across the country.
a. region
b. customers
c. time
d. process
35. Departmentation by ______ type of method is adopted when an organization caters to the
different needs of its customers.
a. region
b. customers
c. time
d. process
36. Departmentation by time method the organizations who work for 24 hours round the clock,
segregate their activities on the basis of time. Their employees work on shift basis.
a. region
b. customers
c. time
d. process
37. ______ organization is oriented towards completing a big project or a number of small
projects. Such projects are carried out by a team that comprises individuals who are experts
from different fields and belong to different areas.
a. Project
b. Matrix
c. Virtual
d. Boundaryless
1. The staff is usually of three types 1) Personal staff 2) Specialized staff 3) General staff.
2. Line organization stresses more on command and control whereas, functional system
emphasizes upon decentralization of authority.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.T
d.1.F 2.F
1. One of the few factors the span of control is dependent on is the capacity of the senior to
direct more number of subordinates.
2. . One of the few factors the span of control is dependent on is the capacity of subordinates to
do the tasks themselves.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T

1. One of the few factors the span of direction is dependent on is the capacity of size of the
organization.
2. One of the few factors the span of control is dependent on is the nature of work.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T
UNIT 3. Introduction to Interpersonal behaviour.

1. ________ behavior is how two persons interact in any situation.
a. Intrapersonal
b. Interpersonal
c. Individual
d. Organizational
2. An interpersonal relationship is an association between two or more people for

temporary/short-term/long-term or permanent durations that may be based on love,
affection, harmony, regular business interactions, or some type of ________
commitment.
a. technical
b. cultural
c. organizational
d. social
3. George Levinger has proposed a model of relationship development that consists

of two stages, of which two are:a. Acquaintance; Buildup
b. Acquaintance; Uniqueness
c. Continuation; Mastery
d. Uniqueness; Mastery
4. Transactional Analysis (TA) is a theory developed by ________ in the 1950s.

a. Dr. Eric Berne
b. George Levinger
c. Henry Fayol
d. Joseph Luft
5. The ________ Analysis is the analysis of social interactions between people and
used to understand interpersonal relationships.
a. Social
b. Personal
c. Transactional
d. Individual
6. Every individual holds three ego states- Parent ego-state, Child ego-state,
________ ego-state.
a. Individual
b. Employee
c. Employer
d. Adult
7. In an ________ transaction, the communication has a two-fold meaning.

a. Complementary
b. Non-complementary
c. Ulterior
d. Gallows
8. ________ transaction happens when a person smiles or laughs in response to other

persons misfortune.
a. Gallows
b. Complementary
c. Non-complementary
d. Ulterior
9. Transactional analysis helps to evaluate our ________ and weakness in the form of
ego states we practice in different situations.
a. opportunities
b. threats
c. strengths
d. skills
10. Transactional Analysis is an important technique used to train the executives

for:a) ________ _______ ________ ________.
b) Improving interpersonal relationships and self-understanding
c) Coping with organizational problems
d) Dealing with other people more judiciously.

a. Enhancing their litigation skills.
b. Enhancing their motivation skills.
c. Enhancing their listening skills.
d. Enhancing their communication skills.
11. The Johari Window model was devised by American psychologists ________ Luft
and Harry Ingham in 1955, while researching group dynamics at the University of
California Los Angeles.
a. Peter
b. John
c. Tom
d. Joseph
12. The Johari Window comprises four quadrants which represent an individuals
personal awareness across four different stages- open, hidden, blind, and ________.
a. known
b. unknown
c. shut
d. glass
13. ______ refers to the conscious understanding of ones personality, desires,
habits, likes and dislikes.
a. self-respect
b.self-awareness
c. self-esteem
d. self-care
14. ______ refers to people who exist in this lowest level of self, never take any initiative.
They only become active when their survival is threatened by any external element.
a. reactive
b.proactive
c. active
d. passive
15. ______is when individuals start recognizing their ambitions. They try to explore and
express their individuality by working out their plans.
a. uniqueness
b. reactive
c. proactive
d. active
16. ______ is when many individuals have the will to stay and continue in the set course of
direction. They move towards their targets with a disciplined approach and never get
sidetracked by the false belief that others show to them.
a.uniqueness
b.reactive
c.active
d. discipline
17. ______ the last stage of self-awareness is where one attains the level of mastery.
Because by this time, people train themselves to handle any challenges ahead.
They are able to exercise self-control over their thoughts and are sure of their future
targets.
a. Mastery
b. Service
c. Discipline
d. Uniqueness
18. Every individual holds three ego states-______ ego-state, Adult ego-state and
Child ego-state.
a. Parent
b. Boss
c. Leader
d. Superior
19. An ______-state is a pattern of behaviour that a person develops as he or she
grows up, based on his or her accumulated network of feelings and experiences.
a. parent
b. ego
c. child
d. adult
20. ______-Ego-State is the state which is marked by being judgemental, making rules,
insisting on moral and ethics and laying down the values to be followed.
a. Parent
b. Child
c. Adult
d. Boss
21. ______ is done by providing support, for example, when we are not able to take the right
decision regarding any problem then our parents help us in doing so.
a. Nuturing
b. Regulating
c. Adapting
d. Rebelling
22. ______ is done by providing instructions in detail about what should be done and how.
a. Nuturing
b. Regulating
c. Adapting
d. Rebelling
23. Adult Ego State - in this stage people are logical and rational in behaviour.
a.Adult
b.Child
c.Parent
d. Boss
24. In ______ Ego State in this state people behave, feel and think similarly to how they did
during their childhood times. Individuals in this state are emotional, creative, spontaneous,
effortless and restless in nature.
a.Adult
b.Child
c.Parent
d. Boss
25. Natural child is one who is very curious and fun loving.
a. Natural
b. Adopted
c. Adapted
d. Rebellious
26. Rebellious child is one who revolts against others.
a. Natural
b. Adopted
c. Adapted
d. Rebellious
27. ______ child who is entirely under the influence of the Parent.
a. Natural
b. Adopted
c. Adapted
d. Rebellious
28. A ______ starts with a person initiating the communication process and sending stimuli
towards the receiver.
a. transaction
b. action
c. reaction
d. interaction
29. In a ______ transaction, the message sent by a person receives the expected response
from other person, and the pattern of behaviour between the ego states is also parallel.
a. complementary
b. supplementary
c. Ulterior
d. Gallows
30. ______ Transactions also known as crossed transactions occur when the stimulus and
response is not parallel.
a. Non-complementary
b. supplementary
c. Ulterior
d. Gallows
31. In an ______ transaction, the communication has a two-fold meaning. At the basic level,
there is a very clear message but at the psychological level there is a hidden message.
a. ulterior
b. Gallows
c. supplementary
d. complementary
32. In a Johari Window the "______" area represents things that we know about ourselves, and
others know about us as well.
a. closed
b. open
c. hidden
d. unknown
33. In a Johari Window the Blind Area, or "Blind Spot"ie. the "______" quadrant reveals those
things that others know about us, but to which we are unaware of.
a.blind
b.open
c.hidden
d.unknown
34. In a Johari Window the "______" quadrant represents those behavioural patterns that we
know about ourselves but others do not know.
a.blind
b.open
c.hidden
d.unknown
35. In a Johari Window the "______" quadrant reveals a variety of issues that are close to the
surface level such as information, feelings, latent abilities, aptitudes, and experiences etc, or
deeper aspects of a persons personality that influence his/her behaviour to a large extent and
to various degrees.
a.blind
b.open
c.hidden
d.unknown
1. One of the benefits by understanding and practicing Transactional Analysis is the study of TA
helps in improving relationships by giving fresh insights into ones own behaviour.
as a manager, you can make out what causes crossed transactions and can restore the
complementary transactions.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T

1.One of the benefits by understanding and practicing Transactional Analysis is the study of TA
helps to evaluate our own strength and weakness in the form of ego states we practise in
different situations.
is that through TA we cannot try to minimise the conflicts by understanding other persons ego
states as well as their behavioural patterns.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T
38.State true or false:
1. Transactional Anaysis is an important technique used to train the executives for enhancing
their communication skills.
2. Transactional Anaysis is an important technique used to train the executives for improving
interpersonal relationships and self-understanding.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T
1. Transactional Anaysis is an important technique used to train the executives for coping with
organizational problems.
2.Transactional Anaysis is an important technique used to train the executives dealing with
other people more judiciously.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T

1.Johari Window can be used to assess and improve a group's relationship with others.
2.Johari Window can be used to build trust between individuals by disclosing and providing
feedback.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T
UNIT 4. Learning
1. We are living in a world that is ever ________ .

a. managing
b. collaborating
c. continuing
d. changing
2. Learning is defined as a relatively ________ change in behavior.

a. permanent
b. temporary
c. short-term
d. long-term
3. Effective learning also fosters _________ and innovation.

a. efficiency
b. productivity
c. creativity
d. affinity
4. ________ have identified that infants, children, adolescents and adults learn in
different manners.
a. physicians
b. psychologists
c. teachers
d. biologists
5. ________ learning helps the organization to remain innovative and maintain an

edge over its competitors.
a. Continuous
b. Discontinuous
c. Productive
d. Gradual
6. ________ are not merely promotions, but could be more work oriented such as
helping in completing a major task on time, finding solutions to complex problems,
or helping to provide better lives to others.
a. accomplishments
b. achievements
c. advertisements
d. rewards
7. A vibrant ________ organization is an asset of the nation and a hope for humanity.
a. learning
b. teaching
c. listening
d. motivating
8. Learning comprises of four broad components:A) ________ ________

B) Learning Mechanism
C) Teacher/Trainer
D) ________
a. Listener; Learner
b. Teacher; Learner
c. Learning Atmosphere; Learner
d. Listener; Teacher
9. Learning leadership would be useless in an organization where the ________ is in

shambles.
a. leadership
b. entrepreneurship
c. friendship
d. relationship
10. ________ can also be brought in through healthy competition and the right
amount of cooperation.
a. Challenge
b. Opportunities
c. Threats
d. Efficiency
11. ________ is the most motivating factor and therefore a learning atmosphere
should ensure gradual and periodic success.
a. Success
b. Learning
c. Teaching
d. Training
13. The more we practice the better ________ we have.

a. skills
b. knowledge
c. intelligence
b. quality
14. A ________ helps us to know what we have learnt, how much we have learnt,
which are the areas we have not understood, which topics we have not practiced
well and so on.
a. test
b. class
c. laboratory
d. race
15. A good teacher has following traits:

A) Competence
B) Style
C) ________
D) Values
a. Need
b. Want
c. Desire
d. Requirement
16. ________ ________ demonstrated that people learn or unlearn behaviours even by
watching others being rewarded or punished for a particular behaviour.
a. M.L. Bigge
b. Pavlov
c. B.F. Skinner
d. Albert Bandura
17. ________ learning is built around what happens within the individual while
learning and it investigates the motives, feelings, attitudes, memory and cognition
of the learner.
a. Cognitive
b. Behavioral
c. Programmed
d. Social
18. Learning is also defined as the process of acquiring, assimilating, and
internalizing cognitive, motor, or behavioural inputs for their effective and varied
use when required, leading to an enhanced capability for further self-______ learning.
a. monitored
b. tutored
c. controlled
d. motivated
19. Learning begins with acquiring new ______ in the form of information, knowledge,
behaviour or motor activity.
a. inputs
b. outputs
c. skill
d. activity
20. Assimilation helps in retaining the acquired inputs in our memory for a longer period of time.
a. Assimiliation
b. Information
c. Education
d. Nutrition
21. State true or false :
1. According to Kolbs Learning Cycle model, in adult learning, Experiencing is when A learner
is exposed to a learning experience by his own or a facilitators efforts.
2. According to Kolbs Learning Cycle model, in adult learning, Processing is when after the
experience the learner has time to process. He does so by reflecting upon and analysing his
experience.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T

1.According to Kolbs Learning Cycle model, in adult learning, Generalizing is when processing
helps him in abstract conceptualization and formation of a tentative theory to explain his
success or failures.
2. According to Kolbs Learning Cycle model, in adult learning, Applying is when finally he
applies this learning in an everyday scenario which results in new experiences, and the cycle
begins all over again.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T
23. ______ organizations provide better payment to their employees. They make their
employment and employability more secure.
a. Learning
b. Reading
c. Speaking
d. Writing
24. A ______ learning atmosphere can make learning motivating and a happy experience.
a. right
b.wrong
c. costly
d. poor
25. Managers must examine their organisational ______ to see whether creativity, self-learning,
feedback of learners, varied perspectives etc. prevail or not.
a. system
b. style
c. culture
d. structure
26. A good learning program overcomes this by having ice-breaking sessions in the beginning
itself. Ice breaking sessions help to develop a ______ atmosphere amongst participants and
between teacher and participants.
a. relaxed
b. difficult
c. creative
d. bright
27. ______ breaking sessions also emphasise that each one of us is vulnerable and liable to
make mistakes and that mistakes are essential to learning.
a. Ice
b. Idea
c. Water
d. Lunch
28. After an appropriate ______ breaking session a non-threatening climate is achieved.
a. Ice
b. Idea
c. Water
d. Lunch
29.______ can also be brought in through healthy competition and the right amount of
cooperation.
a. Challenge
b. Game
c. Sports
d. Education
30. Learning is substantial when mechanisms are right and it is weak when mechanisms are
______.
a. correct
b. appropriate
c. wrong
d. positive
31. Self-______ makes learning economical, faster and better.
a. respect
b. esteem
c. learning
d. confidence
32. Learning also depends on the teaching ______ of a teacher. A teacher may teach just
because he needs the job, others may teach because they need respect and recognition.
a. needs
b. competence
c. style
d. values
1. One of the learning characteristics are of the divergers, the people who learn better by
reflecting on specific experience and drawing new inferences.
2.One of the learning characteristics are of the convergers focus on specific problems and
look for answers and solutions.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T
34. ______ conditioning is based on the fact that voluntary behaviours are learnt. As human
beings we learn behaviour because we find it rewarding. In the same way we can unlearn
behaviour if its consequence becomes unrewarding or punishing.
a. Operant
b. Social
c. Cognitive
d. Classical
35. ______ divides general into specific; generalisation on the other hand unites previously
unrelated elements into a meaningful cluster. Managers in organisations utilize both these
approaches.
a. Discrimination
d. Privatization
c. Creation
d. Maximization
36. ______ is used to distinguish between two similar looking situations, people, position,
policies or power.
a. Discrimination
b. Maximization
c. Privatization
d. Generalization
37. ______ on the other hand can be used to relate certain organisational problems with poor
communication, team work or interpersonal skills.
a. Discriminization
b. Maximization
c. Privatization
d. Generalization
38. ______ technology, particularly information and communication technologies (ICT) have
made programmed learning possible through a distant mode also.
a. Modern
b.Traditional
c. Old
b. Foreign
UNIT 5 Introduction to personality
1. What is the study of an individual behavior based on, besides the analysis of the
differences in individual behavior across different situations?
a. Psychology
b. Sociology
c. Physiology
d. Biology
2. What is defined as the combination of emotional, attitudinal and behavioral

response patterns of individual towards any individual/event or situation?
a. Knowledge
b. Image
c. Personality
d. Beauty
3. Personality refers to ________ personal traits that can be both external and
internal.
a. Organizations
b. Individuals
c. Organizations
d. Individuals
4. According to ________, Personality includes external appearance and behavior,

inner awareness of self as a permanent organizing force and the particular pattern
or organization of measurable traits, both inner and outer.
a. Floyd L. Ruch
b. Fred Luthans
c. Carl Jung
d. Sheldon
5. The study of personality gives an insight to ________ behavior.
a. animal
b. human
c. bird
d. insect
6. Depending on employees behavior and motives, various ________ programmes

are designed.
a. motivational
b. emotional
c. creative
d. management
7. The norms and ________ teach a person the moral and ethical lessons of life.
a. values
b. ethics
c. morals
d. culture
8 . Personality is the resultant of the interaction between three states of human

mind i.e. the id, ego, and super-ego. ________ is the pleasure seeking element;
________ is the compromising element and ________ is the noble and idealistic
element.
a. Id; ego; super-ego
b. Ego; id; super-ego
c. Super-ego; id; ego
d. Ego; super-ego; id
9. ________ is the logical, realistic, and mature aspect of personality.

a. Ego
b. Super-ego
c. Id
d. Super-id
10. ________ are basically strong, athletic and tough people.

a. Endomorph
b. Mesomorph
c. Ectomorph
d. Cultured
11. ________ are sociable, full of life, out-going, and out-spoken, impulsive, seeking
change and emotionally expressive in nature.
a. Extroverts
b. Introverts
c. Reserved
d. Outgoing
12. ________ differentiates between two individuals.

a. Traits
b. Qualities
c. Quantities
d. Habits
13. People with ________ locus of control believe that what happens in their life can
be controlled by them and they are the masters of their destiny.
a. Internal
b. External
c. Intrinsic
d. Extrinsic
14. What refers to the belief that power and status differences should prevail in
organizations ?
a. Authoritarianism
b. Autocracy
c. Directive
d. Democracy
15. ____ ____ refers to the degree to which an individual likes or dislikes himself.
a. Self-esteem
b. Self-confidence
c. Self-image
d. Self-control
16. ________ mach people are highly moralistic and care for others.
a. Low
b. High
c. Medium
d. Super
17. Type ________ people are easy going and uncompetitive in nature.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
18. Different people behave differently in different situations due to their different
motives and ______. And this brings the biggest challenge in front of managers to
manage the people they are working with.
a. needs
b. tastes
c. thinking
d. ideology
19. The word personality has been derived from the Latin word per sona that
means to ______ through.
a. speak
b. listen
c. hear
d. write
20. According to ______ ______ , personality means how a person affects others and
how he understands and views himself as well as the pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits, and the person-situation interaction.
a. Floyd L. Ruch
b. Fred Luthans
c. Carl Jung
d. Sheldon
21. In determinants of personality under biological factor ______ refers to the

transmission of an individuals traits from ancestors to descendents.
a. heredity
b. brain
c. heart
d. habit
22. In determinants of personality under biological factor,______ features or external
appearance is a very important part of ones personality.
a. physical
b. psychological
c. intellectual
d. behavioural
23. ______ is the set of beliefs, values and norms that are shared universally and are
transmitted from one generation to other.
a. Culture
b. Behaviour
c. Habits
d. Values
24. ______ is a process through which an infant acquires those behavioural patterns that are
acceptable to others.
a. Socialization
b. Identification
c. Discrimination
d. Generalization
25.______ Process occurs when a person tries to identify himself with someone who he feels is
the most ideal person for him in the family. It can be his father, mother, grandparents etc.
a. Socialization
b. Identification
c. Discrimination
d. Generalization
26. According to Milgram, ______ exerts an important pressure on the individual. It exercises
constraints and may provide push. In certain circumstances, it is not so much the kind of person
a man is, as the kind of situation in which he is placed, that determines his actions.
a.situation
b.identification
c.socialization
d.generalization
27. The biological factors determine an individuals personality from within, family and social
factors affect the personality from the very infant stage, cultural and ______ factors influence
the personality in the later stages of an individuals life for i.e., when he enters schools, colleges
or mixes with peer-group mates.
a. situational
b. habitual
c. usual
d. common
28. Psychoanalytical Theory this theory was propounded by Sigmund Freud. Freud has
stressed upon the unconscious part of human brain which determines human ______.
a. behaviour
b. reaction
c. habits
d. life
30. Id basically shows the negative aspect of an individual as it tries to make the person more
______. Id is very childish and demanding as it represents an individuals needs and feelings.
a. self-centric
b. self-confident
c. self-reliant
d. self-concious
31. ______ is the logical, rational, realistic and mature aspect of personality. It takes decisions
after analysing the facts in a realistic and objective manner.
a. Ego
b. Ego-centric
c. Super- ego
d. Id
32. ______ keeps a check on Id and exercises control over it.
a. Ego
b. Super- ego
c. Ego super
d. Super Id
33.______ always demands that everything must be done with full honesty and ethically.
a. Ego
b. Super- ego
c. Ego super
d. Super Id
34. Id commands satisfaction, ego tries to delay it on not finding it to be worthy and above all
super-ego stresses upon maintaining the ______ part.
a. moral
b. behaviour
c. attitude
c. culture
35. In type theories Physiognomy theory deals with the physique or body type of a ______ and
his associated personality temperaments.
a. person
b. animal
c. bird
d. insect
36.______ are good tempered, show a relaxed posture, read slowly and are tolerant of others.
They are easy to get along with others and prefer to be led than to lead.
a. Endomorph
b. Mesomorph
c. Ectomorph
d. Morphs
37.Ectomorphs are thin, tall and poorly developed physically. Such persons show their desire for
control.
a. Endomorph
b. Mesomorph
c. Ectomorphs
d. Morphs
38. Self theory has been propounded by ______ ______. An individuals self concept is the
centre of attraction in this theory.
a. Carl Rogers
b. Carl Jung
c. Sheldon
d. Sigmund Freud
39. Type ______ people are impatient, aggressive, hard working and very competitive.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
1. One of the benefits derived by studying personality is that the study of personality gives an
insight to human behaviour.
2. One of the benefits derived by studying personality is that it helps in selecting the right person
for the right job.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T
1. One of the benefits derived by studying personality is that it helps in identifying an individuals
strong as well as weak points.
2. One of the benefits derived by studying personality is that personality leads to greater selfawareness, which in turn results in increases personal integrity.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T

1. One of the main difference between extroverts and introverts is extroverts are not
open and often talkative and introverts need to have own territory.
2. One of the main difference between extroverts and introverts is extroverts like acton
and intiative and introverts usually do not have many friends.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.F
d.1.F 2.T
UNIT 6 Introduction to Emotions
1. ______ of the employees, if not channeled properly, can have terrible consequences.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Behaviour
Emotions
Attitude
Manners
2. As ______ we have been endowed with emotions, both positive and negative, and hence
there is hardly any moment, even in our professional life, when we are not emotional.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Animals
Humans
Birds
Insects
3. Emotions are our personal and subjective experiences and have their roots in the intricate,
dynamic interaction of ______ , cognitive and situational variables.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Psychological
Behavioural
Physical
Physiological
4. Emotions can result in a ______ and fulfilling life as they transform our thought processes,
improve perception, enhance memory and learning, augment performance and increase
adaptability.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Joyful
Happy
Satisfying
Ecstatic
5. In personal and professional life emotions have an effect on our ______, our ability to
perform and our interpersonal relationships.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Self-confidence
Self-reliance
Self-esteem
Self-worth
6. Under the influence of ______ emotions we under perform, lack confidence and conviction
and our interpersonal relations are damaged.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Positive
Negative
Balanced
Unbalanced
7. Emotional Social_______ is necessary for human survival and adaptation, Charles Darwin
(1872).
a. Intelligence
b. Behavior
c. Thinking
d. Sense
8. As ______ we carry emotional components to our work places, and hence study of
organizational behavior will be incomplete without a thorough understanding of emotions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Employees
Jobseekers
Employers
Professionals
9. ______ are defined as a complex pattern of arousal, subjective feeling and cognitive
interpretation involving physiological and psychological reactions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Behaviors
Manners
Attitude
Emotions
10. Emotions can also be explained as______feelings that are directed at someone or
something (object).
a.
b.
c.
d.
Deep
Extreme
Intense
Special
11. ______ is a broad concept and includes a wide range of feelings that we experience under
normal and abnormal circumstances. They include emotions. Thus emotion is a component of
affect.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Effect
Affect
Moods
Attitude

a) Emotions are diverse
b) Emotions are objective
a. a)True b)False
b. a)True b)True
c. a)False b)False
d. a)False b)True
13. The emotions such as joy, fear, anger, disgust, sadness and surprise, and which are natural
and universal are called ______emotions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fundamentals
Basic
Primary
Secondary
14. Emotional expressions communicated by way of gestures, body language, and eye contact
differs from culture to culture.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Impressions
Cues
Behaviors
Expressions
15. ______ emotions are an individuals real emotions whereas displayed emotions are
emotions being expressed by the person.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Heartfelt
Felt
Expressive
True
16. Emotional ______ refers to the effort required to express unfelt emotions.
a. Worker
b. Overload
c. Weight
d. Labour
17. Scientifically speaking, emotion experiences are a result of ______ activations in which the
thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system and the cerebral cortex play important roles.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Physiologic
Psychological
Neurophysiologic
Logic
18. In which theory of emotion, when a particular event occurs, our body responds by
bringing about physiological changes such as palpitations, increased heart beat etc.?
a. James Lange theory of emotion
b. James Bard Theory
c. Cannon Bard Theory
d. Schachter and Singer
19. Emotional ______ is the ability to perceive, appraise and express emotions accurately, so
that we can understand, recognize and control our own feelings and emotions and those of
others to generate feelings that facilitate thoughts, and motivate ourselves and others as well.
a. Intellectuality
b. Aptitude
c. Knowledge
d. Intelligence
20. .A simple and an all-inclusive definition of emotional intelligence has been given by Daniel
Goleman in 1998 when he defines emotional intelligence as a persons self-awareness, selfconfidence, self-control, commitment and integrity, and persons ability to communicate,
influence, initiate change and accept ______.
a. Change
b. Challenges
c. People
d. Life
a) According to Goleman, based on the Recognition and Regulation of emotions, the four major
skills that make up emotional intelligence are:self awareness, social awareness, self management, relationship management.
b) we generally make decisions with our head as well as with our heart. A rational decision
may not be the correct decision because an important component (head) of decision making
has been suppressed by us.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a) true b) false
a) true b) true
a) false b) false
a) false b) true
22. ______ emotional intelligence results in highly ethical decisions whereas low emotional
intelligence often leads to unethical decisions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Deep
Heavy
High
Extreme
23. The positive emotion of ______ creates the urge to explore, take in new information and
experiences, and expand the self.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Curiosity
Interest
Creativity
Motivation
24. Emotional Intelligence of individuals can be enhanced by appropriate training and

counselling programmes and this results in enhanced ______ performance.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Work
Job
Individual
Group
25. To manage ______ therefore a manager has to learn to manage emotions. His ability to
identify the emotional component in a conflict and also the ability to make conflicting parties to
work through their emotions are essential to manage conflict.
a.
b.
c.
d.
people
individuals
groups
conflicts
26. Researchers have shown that emotionally intelligent people have fewer______ problems
and better work performance as they are able to manage and express their emotions
appropriately.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Money
Health
Behavioral
Psychological
27. Negative moods and emotions release ______ hormones that weaken our immune system
and ultimately lead to poorer health outcomes, increased risk of injury and even death due to
chronic blood pressure and heart attacks.
a. panic
b. stress
c. response
d. fighting
28. The positive emotion of ______ gives rise to an impulse to play and be creative.
a. Happiness
b. Laughter
c. Fun
d. Joy
29. The emotion of ______ experienced within our near and dear ones initiates a wish to save
our loved ones at any cost.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Happiness
Sadness
Hope
Love
30. Emotional Intelligence of individuals can be enhanced by appropriate training and ______
programmes and this results in enhanced work performance.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Counselling
Softskills
Etiquette
Therapeutic
31. A person performs better because he does not want to______ his team and his
organization, because he wants to rise above his selfish existence and serve selflessly, because
of his emotional commitments and so on.
a.
b.
c.
d.
win
leave
fail
pass
32. The ______ approach suggests that people can be motivated with rewards and
inducements. Thus, higher wages, bonus, insurance etc. traditionally have been in operation to
provide the required motivation.
a.
b.
c.
d.
irrational
sensible
rational
sesponsible
33. ______ Emotions being expressed by the person .

a.
b.
c.
d.
Learned
Potrayed
Basic
Felt
34. State true or false:a) The association between emotions and OB is best explained by the Affective Events Theory
(AET).
b) Schachter and Singer forwarded the four-factor theory of emotions which is founded on
cognitive analysis.
a.
b.
c.
d.
a)True b) False
a) True b) True
a) False b) False
a) False b) True
UNIT 7. Motivation
1. In Todays Organizations one of the most important functions of manager is to motivate
people for successfully accomplishing the organizational ______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Goals
Aims
Objectives
Targets
2. According to Rensis Likert ______ is the core of management.

a. Problem solving
b. Decision making
c. Inspiration
d. Motivation
3. A manager has to use the various techniques of motivation to inspire the work force to fulfill
the objectives. In other words we can say that a ______ to work is necessary for the
achievement of organizational goals.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Motivation
Will
Ability
Skill
4. According to Behavioural scientists Motivation refers to a dynamic driving force, which stems
from within. It is an inner striving condition, which activates or moves individuals into ______
and continues to keep him in the course of action enthusiastically.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Action
Activity
Movement
Work
5. We can say that a manager has to create and maintain such an environment where
individuals can work together in groups for the accomplishment of common objectives.
Motivation is the set of forces that causes people to behave in certain ways. We can say that
Performance = f( ______ x motivation).
a.
b.
c.
d.
Knowledge
Skill
Ability
Courage
6. The term motivation may be defined as the managerial function of ascertaining the motives
of ______ and helping them to realize those motives.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Employees
Coworkers
Subordinates
Managers
7. According to Dubin, motivation could be defined as the complex of forces starting and
keeping a person at work in an ______. Motivation is something that moves the person to
action, and continues him in the course of action already initiated.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Office
Workplace
Area
Organization
8. Motivation refers to the way a person is enthused at work to intensify his/her ______ and
willingness to use and channelize his/her energy for the achievement of organizational
objectives.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Wish
Desire
Needs
Wants
9. In the words of Dalton E. McFarland, ______ is the way in which urges, desires, aspiration,
striving or needs direct, control or explain the behaviour of human beings.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Inspiration
Motivation
Aspiration
Desperation
10. According to McFarland Motivation is a form of tension occurring within an individual, with
resulting behaviour aimed at reducing, eliminating or diverting the tension. Understanding the
needs and drives and their resulting tensions helps to explain and predict human behavior,
ultimately providing a sound basis for ______ decision and action.
a.
b.
c.
d.
entrepreneurial
managerial
organizational
individual
11. Motivation is present in every life function. Even a simple act such as eating is motivated by
______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
anger
food
smell
hunger
12. Education is motivated by desire for ______. Motivators can be anything from reward to
coercion.
a.
b.
c.
d.
knowledge
Skill
Studies
degree
13.______ motivation occurs when people are compelled to do something out of pleasure,
importance, or desire.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
External
Internal
14.______ motivation occurs when external factors compel the person to do something.
External motivation is generally materialistic in nature. Not better or worse then internal, but just
what makes a person want to take action.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
External
Internal
15. A teacher implements motivational techniques to see an increased participation, effort, and
higher grades. Part of the teachers job is to provide a motivationally charged environment
especially for the students who lack their own ______ motivation.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Extrinsic
Intrinsic
External
Internal
16. Content (or need) theories of motivation focus on factors internal to the individual that
energize and ______ behavior.
a.
b.
c.
d.
motivate
direct
coordinate
inspire
17. Content theories include ______ need hierarchy theory, Herzbergs two factor theory,
Alderfers ERG and Achievement Motivation theory.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Porters
Vrooms
Maslows
Adams
18. Process theories include Vrooms Expectancy Model, Adams Equity theory and ______
Performance and Satisfaction model.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Maslows
Herzbergs
Alderfers
Porters
19.The next level in Maslows hierarchy is esteem or ego needs. These needs arise when we
want to be appreciated for what we can do. These needs include self-______, personal
achievement, status, recognition and attention.
a. Esteem
b. Confidence
c. Respect
d. Actualization
20. The______ Theory proposes that the best way to stimulate motivation among employees is
to improve the nature of the job .According to Herzberg the best way to improve the job was to
enrich it (1987). Job enrichment includes giving a job greater variety, responsibility and control.
a. Achievement motivation
b. ERG
c. Dual-factor
d. Motivation-Hygiene
21. The ERG Theory was developed by Clayton Alderfer in the late ______.
a. 30s
b. 40s
c. 50s
d. 60s
22. Process (or cognitive) theories of motivation focus on conscious human decision processes
as an explanation of motivation. Process theories are concerned with determining how
individual behavior is energized, directed, and maintained in the specifically willed and selfdirected human ______ processes.
a. Cognitive
b. Behavioral
c. Emotional
d. Decision
23. The Expectancy Theory is also known as instrumentality theory, path-goal theory and
valence- instrumentality-expectancy theory. This theory was developed by Victor H. Vroom.
According to this theory, work effort in an organization is directed towards ______ that people
believe will lead to desired outcomes.(Vroom 1964).
a. Emotions
b. Behaviours
c. Manners
d. Ethics
24. ______ is the preference of an individual for a particular second level outcome. Valence can
have values ranging from negative to positive. An outcome is positive when it is preferred and
negative when it is not preferred.
a. Balance
b. Valence
c. Value
d. Chance
25. Managers of successful organizations try to ensure that employees levels of expectancy,
instrumentality and valence are ______ so that they will be highly motivated.
a. high
b. low
c. medium
d. balanced
26. Equity Theory was formulated by ______. It is also known as Social Comparison Theory.
This theory is based on the perception that people are motivated to maintain a fair or equitable
relationship between themselves and others and to avoid relationships that are unfair or
inequitable.
a. Herzberg
b. Maslow
c. Adams
d. Porter
27. ______ have given a comprehensive theory of motivation. It says that motivation,
performance and satisfaction are all separate variables and they relate in ways different from
what was traditionally assumed.
a. Lawler
b. Porter
c. Both a.& b.
d. None of the above
28. Success in a job depends not only on ______ expertise but also on the interest of the jobholder.
a. technical
b. mechanical
c. administrative
d. operational
29.______ view motivation as the force which impels or incites all living organisms to action.
a. Physiologists
b. Doctors
c. Researchers
d. Psychologists
30. Three elements - ______ and Goal - interact in motivation.
a. Need, Drive
b. Need, Aim
c. Need, Want
d. Want, Drive
31. The needs of man are numerous He not only wants food, clothing and shelter but also
status and recognition. Drives are the intra organic activities for a particular type of ______.
Drive moves one towards the goal. The goal may be food, and drink or social interactions.
a. attitude
b. behaviour
c. manner
d. etiquettes
32. ______ who have high growth need can perform well on challenging jobs. So when the right
job is given to the right person every organization gets the benefit of it.
a. People
b. A person
c. An individual
d. Individuals
33. ______ should always be challenging enough to motivate people because they need high
levels of effort.
a. Aims
b. Targets
c. Goals
d. Objectives
34. Through Job ______ every company tries to evaluate the worth of jobs. Jobs with higher
status are rewarded with attractive perks and other facilities.
a. Description
b. Analysis
c. Evaluation
d. Design
35. ______ based on competences are not based on status but on skill, ability, creativity,
competency and the technical knowledge of a person to perform a task. It facilitates continuous
learning. The employees pay increases with enhanced skills.
a. Awards
b. Rewards
c. Gifts
d. Compensations
36. Any incentive paid in terms of bonus, commission or royalty, paid for achieving a certain goal
is an ______ reward.
a.
b.
c.
d.
group
team
individual
organizational
37. Profit sharing, right to purchase and purchase right of companys shares at a discounted
rate can be such rewards which create ownership culture and make ______ work for the
success of the company.
a. employers
b. employees
c. managers
d. individuals
38. Before deciding about the compensation organizations carefully observes the inputs of
particular job ______.
a. evaluation
b. analysis
c. design
d. equity
39. Indian companies are using both ______ and performance based pay to attract people.
a. experience
b. knowledge
c. skills
d. seniority
40. Management by ______ is a participative process. MBO was propounded by Peter F.
Drucker in 1954. This also can be motivational because in this employees are involved in setting
their own goals and so feel responsible for the completion of the task.
a. Opinion
b. Opportunity
c. Objective
d. Organization
41. The role of Information and Technology is an important factor for ______ because it gives
access to all the desirable information.
a. empowerment
b. professionalism
c. knowledge
d. organization
42. A Job is a set of ______ which is performed by any person. Keeping the principles of
scientific management in view, Job Design is breaking the job into sub tasks.
a. tasks
b. chores
c. skills
d. goals
43. Job ______ involves moving employees from one job to another in a very systematic
manner and thus providing them with more interesting and satisfying work.
a. Enlargement
b. Enrichment
c. Rotation
d. Design
44. Job ______ is an effective tool for reducing the monotony and boredom of performing by
expanding the workers job. It increases interest and provides variety by increasing the number
of tasks in a job. In spite of all the benefits, job designing is not an easy task.
a. Enlargement
b. Enrichment
c. Rotation
d. Design
UNIT 8 Leadership
1. There are two conflicting views about leadership development some say ______ are born,
while other say leaders are made out of situation. General belief is that leaders are both born
and made.
a.
b.
c.
d.
managers
leaders
employers
researchers
2 Leadership is a process of influencing ______ towards the fulfillment of goals in a given

situation.
a.
b.
c.
d.
individuals
employees
workers
people
3. Organizations today emphasize leadership training and development to fulfill the future
______ needs. Succession planning is a part of it.
a.
b.
c.
d.
HR
Marketing
Production
Financial
4. Leadership, as a concept, is as old as human civilization. Its need is felt more strongly in
todays highly complex, specialized and adjustment oriented surroundings. Leaders indeed are
the ______ resources in the world.
a. abundant
b. costliest
c. cheapest
d. scarcest
5. According to ______ and ODonnell Leadership is the process of influencing others towards
the accomplishment of the goal. It is the ability of a manager to induce subordinates to work with
zeal and confidence.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Selznick
Terry
Hemphill
Koontz
6. In the words of ______ Leadership can be defined as a process in which a person tries to
influence a set of individuals in the pursuit of achieving individual, group and organizational
objectives. Effective leaders help groups of people to define their goals and find ways to achieve
them.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Selznick
Terry
Hemphill
Louis A. Allen
7. ______ says that it is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives.
a. Selznick
b. Terry
c. Hemphill
d. Louis A. Allen
8. According to ______ It is the initiation of acts which result in a consistent pattern of group
interaction directed towards the solution of a mutual problem.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Selznick
Terry
Hemphill
Louis A. Allen
9. According to ______ A leader is one who guides and directs other people. He gives the
efforts of his followers a direction and purpose, by influencing their behavior.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Selznick
Terry
Hemphill
Louis A. Allen
10. Leadership is a process of ______.

a. Affluence
b. Succession
c. Influence
d. Consequence
11. Leadership is related to a situation. The ability of a leader is determined by his skills or
capacity to handle a situation to allow his subordinates to work with ______ and ______.
a. Freedom
b. Independence
c. Both a.& b.
d. None of the above
12. Leadership is a function of stimulation. A leader should set attainable ______ and inspire
people in such a manner that individuals and organizational goals do not contradict each other.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Goals
Aims
Objectives
Tasks
13. _______ gives an experience of helping others in attaining their common objective. It gives
a sense of identification and recognition to the people.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Leadership
Friendship
Assistance
Sportsmanship
14. There should be the existence of ______ , because it is a two way relationship which may
involve psychological or economical exchange.
a.
b.
c.
d.
employers
leaders
supporters
followers
15. The ______ of a leader is determined by three factors- qualification, skill and knowledge.
a. attitude
b. behaviour
c. manner
d. character
16. Leadership is a ______ term, but a manager is more than a leader.
a.
b.
c.
d.
broad
narrow
wide
lengthy
17. The authority of the leader depends upon the followers who give consent to be influenced. A
manager has formal ______ from the top management.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Responsibility
Accountability
Authority
Priority
18. Leaders also act as ______ who listen to their subordinates, remove obstacles and keep
the employees happy at the work place.
a. advisors
b. therapists
c. supervisors
d. counselors
19. A leader manages ______ and strives for effectiveness by enforcing discipline and control.
a. Time
b. Resources
c. Money
d. Employees
20. A leader creates positive energy, with his confidence and enthusiasm; he creates a
charisma and leads people toward accomplishment of the ______.
a. Mission
b. Vision
c. Goal
d. Objective
21. Thus leadership transforms potential into reality and develops confidence in ______ for
successful work accomplishment.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Employees
Employers
Followers
Individuals
22. There are three different types of leadership styles: Autocratic, ______ and Laissez-faire.
a. Independent
b. Authoritarian
c. Participative
d. Informal
23. ______ power is centralized in the hands of the leader and he does not give subordinates
the freedom to influence his behavior. So we can say that it is a one way process.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Problem solving
Purchasing
Managerial
Decision making
24. Autocratic leadership style is again divided into three types.

Strict autocratic, Benevolent autocratic, ______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Manipulative
Participative
Informal
formal
25. ______ style is also known as democratic style. In this style the decision making power is
dispersed among the group members. Policies are worked out in group discussions and with the
acceptance of the group.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Manipulative
Participative
Informal
Formal
26. One of the disadvantages of the Participative style of leadership is that ______ can
use participative leadership as a tool of manipulation.
a. Employees
b. Leaders
c. Subordinates
d. Employers
27. Laissez- faire style leadership style is also known as free-rein leadership. The leader acts as
a ______. Generally self managed teams have this kind of leadership.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Supervisor
Figurehead
Liaison
Negotiator
28. ______ is also called permissive leadership.

a. Laissez-faire style
b. Participative
c. Autocratic
d. Strict autocratic
29. According to ______ theory, leadership is a combination of certain personality traits.
a. Situational
b. Behavioural
c. Personality
d. Trait
30. Situational theory says that there are certain ______ factors which decide about a persons
leadership style.
a. situational
b. behavioural
c. personality
d. trait
31. ______ theory identifies the behaviour of an individual which is associated with the
leadership style.
a. Situational
b. Behavioural
c. Personality
d. Trait
32. The Great ______ theory of leadership was formulated in the year 1950 according to which
leaders are born and not made. This theory says that leaders have certain inherent traits which
make them leaders.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Human
Bird
Animal
Man
33. Trait theory is based on Great man theory. In the year 1930-40 many researches were
conducted to find out the factors which are responsible for making a leader and it was said that
if a person possesses particular ______ he can become a leader. In other words this theory
believes that leadership is the result of certain traits.
a. Manners
b. Behaviors
c. Traits
d. Habits
34. The Ohio State Studies identified various independent dimensions of a leaders behaviour.
After analyzing the leadership behavior in various situations they narrowed down the list to two
leadership behaviors a) Initiating structure and b) ______.
a. Emotion
b. Sensitivity
c. Kindness
d. Consideration
35.______ structure indicates the role of the leader and his subordinates, concern for
establishing well defined norms, implementing new ideas and practices, developing channels of
communication and ways of performing the task. High rank on initiating structure shows that the
leader is task oriented.
a. Initiating
b. Vertical
c. Horizontal
d. Flat
36. Consideration indicates friendship, respect, and mutual trust and worth a ______ can show
to be friendly and approachable. High on consideration helps in developing good rapport with
the subordinates.
a. manager
b. leader
c. subordinate
d. employer
37. ______ leader has very little concern for both result and relation with people. They are the
least required ones. They put least effort towards completion of task and maintaining the high
morale of the employees.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Country club
Middle road
Impoverished
Influential
38. The ______ theories emphasise that there is no specific style of leadership; it is the
situation which decides whether a person is a leader or not.
a. Managerial grid
b. Behavioural
c. Trait
d. Situational
39. In the situational model a style of the leadership is matched with the maturity of the
followers. The maturity of the follower is decided by his ability to take responsibility, his
education, willingness to do a task and capacity to set high but attainable _____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Goals
Objectives
Aims
Vision
40. Relationship behavior includes maintaining proper communication processes and

developing healthy ______ with subordinates by providing social and emotional support.
a. Behaviour
b. Attitude
c. Relationship
d. Life
41. Path-goal theory was proposed by R. J. House. This theory says that a leader should
motivate his subordinates for attaining the work goal by clarifying the path so that they can get
personal ______.
a. Awards
b. Prize
c. Benefits
d. Rewards
42. A leader should analyse the situation, the need of the follower and task, and provide support
, clear the path, clarifying the path so that follower can get the rewards. For this a leader can
adopt following styles: supportive, directive, participative, ______ oriented.
a. Profit
b. Quality
c. People
d. Achievement
43. According to House, any leadership style will be effective in any particular situation, not in
the other one. These situations are determined by two ______
a) Characteristics of Followers: The style of leadership should be according to the ability and
personality of the followers.
b) Employees Working Environment: The factors which are not under the control of the
subordinates but affect their performance and satisfaction are the environmental factors. These
factors can be work environment and other organizational factors.
a. Factors
b. Situations
c. Variables
d. Things
44. Charismatic leadership is a process of influencing the ______ so that they can admire their
actions.
a. Followers
b. Employees
c. Individuals
d. Subordinates
45. Transactional leaders are the ones who ______ and direct their followers on the path of
established goals.
a. Motivate
b. Inspire
c. Aspire
d. Encourage
46. In______ , leaders are the ones who try to transform individuals to extract their potential
and develop them to become better leaders.
a. Charismatic leadership
b. Transactional leadership
c. Transformational leadership
d. Visionary leadership
47. Visionary leaders are the ones who have the ability to create and articulate a realistic,
credible and attractive ______ of the future. The effectiveness of the visionary leader depends
upon his ability to explain his vision to others.
a.
b.
c.
d.
prediction
vision
picture
version
48.In______degree leadership every individual has certain leadership qualities and potential all
over the organization.
a.
b.
c.
d.
100
120
180
360
UNIT 9 Organizational Stress

1. What acts as a motivator or energizer, propels people to put up the best possible efforts and
complete the work?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Managers
Rewards
Tension
Stress
2. By learning to manage stress at the work place or in our day- to-day life, we can learn to
manage our responses to stress, which will result in better physical and mental health, and also
to foster healthy ______with others.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Friendships
Relationships
Behavior
Attitude
3. Stress is our mind and bodys ______ or reaction to a real or imagined threat, event or
change. Such threat, event or change is commonly called a stressor. Stressors can be internal
such as thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes, or external such as loss, tragedy or change.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sensitivity
Condition
Stimulus
Response
4. Stress is the physiological and behavioral response of an individual seeking to ______ and
adjust to both internal and external pressures.
a. Adopt
b. Adjust
c. Compromise
d. Handle
5. Stress is the reaction, people have to excessive pressures or other types of demands placed
upon them. It arises when they worry that they cant cope with the fast ______ environment.
a. Growing
b. Developing
c. Demanding
d. Changing
6. According to Robbins, Stress is a condition in which an individual is confronted with an
opportunity, constraint or demand related to what he or she ______ and for which the outcome
is perceived to be both uncertain and important.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Needs
Wishes
Wants
Desires
7. Stress is associated with two factors- ______ and resources.

a.
b.
c.
d.
Supplies
Demands
Commands
Money
8. Demands are the pressures, responsibilities and ______, faced by an individual at the work
place.
a. Risks
b. Liabilities
c. Accountabilities
d. Uncertainties
9. Resources are anything, which can be used to ______ the demand.

a. Recover
b. Control
c. Resolve
d. Fulfill
10. Dr Hans Selye, in the year 1974, said that in a stressful situation there can be physiological
responses in people that act as a defence system to cope with the demands of the environment.
This response is known as general adaptation syndrome. There are three stages of it:
a) Alarm Reaction
b) Resistance
c) ______
a. Tiredness
b. Sleepiness
c. Relaxation
d. Exhaustion
11. In ______ stage, our body tries to cope or adapt to the stressors. They start a process of
repairing the damage caused by the stressors.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Co-existence
Resistance
Distance
Persistence
12. During ______ stage, we are not able to manage the stressor effectively. It becomes
difficult to be normal. Our body and mind are not able to repair the damage. The reaction can be
digestive disorder, withdrawal, headache, tension, insomnia, loss of temper etc.
a. Resistance
b. Exhaustion
c. Alarm reaction
d. Sleep
13. For a ______ it is very important to recognize and understand the stressor, which causes
job related stress, and ultimately affects the work attitude as well as behaviour.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Worker
Subordinate
Leader
Manager
14. It is not that ______ is caused by external environmental factors. It is our reaction to the
environmental factors. It depends upon the way we perceive it and react to it. The same
situation can affect two people in two different manners.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Tension
Stress
Pressure
Tiredness
15. Stressors can be both internal and external factors. The various factors, which can be
stressors are- money, traffic, job related stress, health or medical issues, lack of free time,
relationships, family or friends etc. The organizational stressors can be:
a) Physical environment such as light, noise, temperature, polluted air, overcrowded work place
etc.
b) ______ factors such as role conflict and role ambiguity, work overload or work under load,
responsibility, working conditions, task demands, job future ambiguity, autonomy, frequent
disagreements etc.
c) Groups factors such as poor relations with peers, subordinates or boss, poor structural
design, politics, lack of specific policies, organizational leadership, organizational life stage etc.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Group
Individual
Team
Job
16. During Occupational Demands certain jobs are more stressful than others. If physical
environment is not satisfactory, it can increase the ______. Even overcrowding can lead to
frequent interruptions in work, which can be very stressful.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Nervousness
Anxiety
Anger
Frustration
17. Role conflicts exist when a job includes such duties and responsibilities, which conflict
which each other. Conflict arises when ______ have contradictory expectations from a person.
a.
b.
c.
d.
People
Individuals
Groups
Employees
18. Role ______ arises when a person is not certain about his duties and authority, rules and
policies of the company, job security and methods of appraisal. It has been found that role
ambiguity is related to low job satisfaction, job anxiety and physical and mental health.
a. Confusion
b. Conflicts
c. Overload
d. Ambiuguity
19. Role ______ When a person is expected to perform beyond his competence and skills, it
can create work overload. Constant pressure and unreasonable deadlines can cause stress in
the organization.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Underload
Overload
Ambiguity
Conflict
20. Poor interpersonal relationships with superiors, subordinates, co-workers or client can be a
______ of stress. In the absence of healthy and benign relationships, employees develop
anxiety and hostility, which leads to stress.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Reason
Purpose
Source
Presence
21. Stress can be the result of ______ communication or no communication in an organization.

In such a situation, we start interpreting issues wrongly. We misunderstand others and develop
a stressful situation.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Rich
Heavy
False
Poor
22. Sometimes high responsibility also acts as a stressor. It has been seen that people with
more responsibility suffer from ______ blood pressure and high cholesterol levels.
a.
b.
c.
d.
High
Low
Medium
Less
23. Job change In the fast changing society, employees are expected to be ready for new job
requirements. Job reengineering, computerization and ______ create uncertainty amongst the
employees, which ultimately leads to stress.
a. Liberalization
b. Mordernization
c. Centralization
d. Decentralization
24. According to Friedman and Roseman, there are two different personality types Type A
personality and Type B personality. The main characteristics of Type A personalities are that
they are hard working, ambitious and set _____ targets for themselves. They are impatient,
aggressive, restless and competitive. Type B personalities work at a slow pace and set
reasonable targets for themselves. They avoid fighting on every issue. They are more patient
and try to maintain good interpersonal relationships with others.
a.
b.
c.
d.
High
Low
Medium
Less
25. In a limited time, people experience role conflicts due to the overlapping demands of the
work and family. Excessive ______ and regulations can be a cause of stress. Thus, the race of
reaching the top can cause frustration and fear of failure. This will contribute to a situation of
overall stress.
a. Laws
b. Procedures
c. Rules
d. Information
26. ______ is also known as positive stress. Low to moderate stress is constructive in nature. It
can increase the effort and stimulate creativity.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Stress
Distress
Eustress
Process
27. ______ or negative stress occurs when the level of stress is either too high or too low, and
the body or mind begins to respond negatively to the stressors.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Stress
Distress
Eustress
Process
28. Generally, people feel that it is part of their day- to-day life, but actually special attention
should be paid to any physiological, psychological or behavioral change. The cost of stress is
not only borne by individuals, but it is borne by organizations as well. The effect can be seen in
terms of lower productivity, turnover, absenteeism and lower participation in ______ activities.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Groups
Individuals
People
Organizational
29. The cost of stress can be evaluated from three aspects:

i. In terms of ______insurance: If the employee is under stress, and any serious illness arises,
then the employer has to pay for it.
ii. Majority of accidents caused by employees: Stress can affect the task productivity of the
employee. There is a chance of accident due to the emotional disorder of the employee.
iii. There can be a legal issue between employer and employee due to stress related worker
compensation claims.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Wealth
Life
Health
Company
30. The ______ effects of stress are anxiety, poor concentration, poor nervous symptoms, and
lower self esteem. Excessive stress results in job burnout where work environment becomes
adverse and the employee finds it difficult to confront and manage stress.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Physiological
Psychological
Logical
Normal
31. Behavioural effects can be alcoholism, drug abuse, accident proneness, irritability and
forgetfulness. Negative stress affects the ______ ______ ability of the employee. Even a polite
and respectful employee can shout at others if he/she is under stress. It may also result in
violence or physical attack at the work place.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Problem solving
Decision making
Evaluating
Communication
32. To manage the ______ impact of stress, there is a three step process:
i) Be aware of the symptoms of stress.
ii) Identify the sources of stress.
iii) Develop strategies to cope with stress.
a. Positive
b. Balanced
c. Negative
d. Zero
33.State true or false:If the stress is due to environmental or job related factors, the individual can adopt the following
coping strategies:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Time management
Change the job
Exercise
Meditation & Relaxation
Increase your comfort zone
a.
b.
c.
d.
a)true b)true c)true d)true e)true

a)true b)false c)true d)false e)true
a)false b)true c)false d)true e)false
a)false b)false c)false d)false e)false

To minimize the work pressure, organizations are adopting the following strategies:
a) Role ambuguity
b) supportive work environment
c) career development
d) institutional programmes
a.
b.
c.
d.
a)true b)true c)true d)true

a)true b)false c)true d)false
a)false b) false c) false d) false
a) false b) true c) false d) true
33. Job ______ the end result of the stress experienced, but not properly coped with;
exhaustion due to the adverse effect of the working environment.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Workout
Burnout
Attrition
Turnover
34. Poor ______ relationships with superiors subordinates, co-workers or client can be a source
of stress. In the absence of healthy and benign relationships, employees develop anxiety and
hostility, which leads to stress.
a. Intrapersonal
b. Interpersonal
c. Personal
d. Organizational
35. State true or false :Excessive amount of stress is always very harmful for the organization.
To make it clearer, signs and symptoms of stress can be broadly divided into four categories:
Feelings, Thoughts, Behaviour, and Physiology.
The following are some of the signs and symptoms of feelings:A. Feeling moody
B. Depress
C. Obsessions
D. Low self-esteem
a.
b.
c.
d.
A.T B.T C.T D. T

A. T B. T C. T. D. F
A. F B. F C. F D. F
A. F B.T C. F D. T
36. State true or false :Excessive amount of stress is always very harmful for the organization.
To make it clearer, signs and symptoms of stress can be broadly divided into four categories:
Feelings, Thoughts, Behaviour, and Physiology.
The following are some of the signs and symptoms of thoughts:A. Low self-esteem
B. Fear of failure
C. Sleep disturbance
D. Forgetfulness
a. A.T B.T C.T D.T
b. A.T B.T C.F D.T
c. A. F B.F C.F D.F
d. A. F B.T C.F D.F
37. ______ is the method of concentrating on something in a very relaxed frame of mind. From
ancient times in india, meditation has been followed as a tool of mental relaxation. In a hectic
and busy work schedule, by devoting some time to meditation, individuals can cope effectively
with stress .
a. Yoga
b. Meditation
c. Exercise
d. Awareness
38. A friendly ______ atmosphere with clear communication and participative decision making
can make an employee happy at the work place. All these efforts can reduce the level of stress
in the organization.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Supportive
Encouraging
Demotivating
Motivating
39. ______ can act as a great stress buster.

a. Tension
b. Pressure
c. Work
d. Exercise
40. ______ is a stimulus, which produces stress.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pressure
Tension
Motivation
Stressor
UNIT 11 Introduction to organization culture.

1. The identity or personality possessed by an organization is known as organizational ______ .
a. Stress
b. Identity
c. Personality
d. Culture
2. As there are many cultures across the ______ , there are many different cultures across
organizations also.
a. Countries
b. Nations
c. Cities
d. World
3. The culture of a manufacturing company is likely to be different from that of a ______

company.
a. Textile
b. Insurance
c. Retail
d. Production
4. In ______ industry, the culture of a hotel will definitely be different from that of a hospital.
a. Consumer goods
b. Service
c. Finance
d. Steel
5. The understanding of culture is important, especially in todays times of ______ and frequent
change.
a. Slow
b. Steady
c. Speedy
d. Great
6. As individuals have their personality traits of being confident, sociable, empathetic,
competitive in nature, similarly ______ also have their own personality traits of being disciplined,
concerned, highly productive, efficient and good organizations.
a. Organizations
b. Consumers
c. Employers
d. Subordinates
7. The culture of an organization refers to the collective understanding or ______ that are
shared by a community at large. It determines what its employees think about their
organizations and to what extent the majority of employees support it.
a. Ideals
b. Values
c. Objectives
d. Ideas
8. ______ organizations are continuously developing their unique cultures in order to
differentiate themselves from that of other organizations.
a. Traditional
b. Modern
c. New
d. Old
9. Organization culture is the set of shared values and norms that _______ organizational
members interactions with each other and with people outside the organization.
a. Plans
b. Directs
c. Organizes
d. Controls
10. Organization culture is a system where ______ , norms and principles are shared largely by
all people.
a. Ideals
b. Ideas
c. Values
d. Objectives
11. Organization culture defines what is ______ or wrong, what is important or
unimportant and what is favorable or unfavorable in the company.
a. Right
b. Correct
c. Yes
d. Real
12. According to ______ , organization culture is a common perception held by the
organizations members; a system of shared meaning.
a. Dobson
b. Walters
c. Robbins
d. Morgan
13. According to Williams Dobson and Walters, culture is the commonly held and relatively
______ beliefs, attitudes and values that exist within the organization.
a. Unstable
b. Balanced
c. Imbalanced
d. Stable
14. Gareth Morgan has described organizational culture as: "The set of ______ , values, and
norms, together with symbols like dramatized events and personalities that represents the
unique character of an organization, and provides the context for action in it and by it."
a. Promises
b. Beliefs
c. Favours
d. Ideals
15. People working in organizations having good ______ tend to be more satisfied and
productive than those who work in poor cultures.
a. Culture
b. Values
c. Behaviour
d. Attitude
16. A ______ organization is the one that is viewed as unique even if in a small manner. To have
this distinguished image they need to nurture a certain culture.
a. Unsuccessful
b. Successful
c. Valuable
d. Modern
17. Levels of Culture: culture is found at three levels in an organization: (a) Artifacts (b) Values
and (c) Assumptions :
(a) Artifacts Artifacts that are ______ but often not interpretable
(b) Values Things that are important to people
(c) Assumptions The basic assumptions people make that guide and direct their behaviour
or their way of life.
a. Invisible
b. Visible
c. Predictable
d. Unpredictable
18. The culture of an organization is considered to be ______ when the majority of people in the
organization are liable to practice the same beliefs and values that are useful to the
organization.
a. Weak
b. Strong
c. Traditional
d. Modern
19. In a ______ cultured organization, the employees respond very strongly to the values and
pass it on successfully to the rest of people.
a. Weak
b. Strong
c. Traditional
d. Modern
20. In a ______ culture, the values are translated directly into every persons day-to-day lives.
a. Weak
b. Strong
c. Traditional
d. Modern
21. An organization becomes ______ in culture when its employees are not ready to support the
values and beliefs of the organization.
a. Weak
b. Strong
c. Traditional
d. Modern
22. A culture becomes weak when ______ gets promoted over organizational interest.
a. Self-respect
b. Self-esteem
c. Self-confidence
d. Self-interest
23. IBM, in the late______ turned out to be a weak cultured organization because they started
focusing only on their internal goals, were overconfident about their strategies, and to manage
people and to get the work done they became bureaucratic.
a. 1910s
b. 1920s
c. 1980s
d. 1990s
24. It is the strong culture that is successful at translating their ______ beliefs into daily actions;
weak cultures on the other hand are not able to implement their values effectively.
a. Tangible
b. Intangible
c. Abstract
d. Clear
25. The best way to examine the culture of an organization is done by analyzing - the employee
turnover ratio, loyalty and commitment of employees towards the contribution, the degree of
interpersonal relationships and the ______ level of employees at the work place with each
other.
a. Satisfaction
b. Dissatisfaction
c. High
d. Low
26. There are seven dimensions of organization culture that decide whether the culture is a
strong or a weak one:
Innovation and risk taking
Attention to detail
Outcome orientation
People orientation
Team orientation
Aggressiveness
______
a. Balance
b. Courage
c. Stability
d. Competitiveness
27. As the growth of a ______ depends on the way it has been nurtured and given proper care
by its owner, likewise the culture of an organization totally depends upon the founder who
creates it and other employees who have to continuously maintain it.
a. Building
b. Human
c. Mind
d. Tree
28. Usually, the culture of an organization speaks about its founders ______ and aspirations.
Those who are not aware about their dreams are responsible for creating a weak culture.
a. Goals
b. Wants
c. Dreams
d. Needs
29. The founders of any organization convey their values in a written and expressed form that
gets shaped into the vision and mission of their company. They find those people who fit well
into their organizations values and are ready to carry it forward. The ones who prove to be
______ tend to leave the organization.
a. Challenging
b. Misfits
c. Unreasonable
d. Irresponsible
30. The founder recruits the top management on some criteria that support the founders
______.
a. Philosophies
b. Culture
c. Manners
d. Education
31. The top management creates a good organization culture by using ______ process to train
the other employees of the organization.
a. Modernization
b. Liberalization
c. Socialization
d. Customization
32. The most important and effective method of learning culture is by telling stories to the
_______ about the heroes of the organization, who have done wonders or of those people who
came out with some outstanding performances.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Managers
Employees
Directors
Heroes
33. ______ or ceremonies are those facets of an organization that try to create a feeling of
togetherness and bonding among all the employees. This is done to bring the members close to
each other and retain their values.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Traditions
Cultures
Rituals
Customs
36. ______ are the most apparent way of expressing the culture of an organization. Symbols
can take the form of uniforms, awards, logos, punch lines, and infrastructure etc.
a. Numbers
b. Symbols
c. Codes
d. Words
37. ______ Process is the process by which members learn and internalize the values, beliefs
and norms of their organization.
a. Liberalization
b. Socialization
c. Customization
d. Modernization
38. ______ at this stage the new comer learns about the organization from the material that is
readily available or the people who he already knows are linked with the company. In due
course, the individual develops his own mind frames and assumptions about the company.
a. Arrival
b. Post-arrival
c. Pre-arrival
d. Entry
39. ______- the last stage of socialization symbolizes conflicts and adjustments.
a. Caterpillar
b. Cocoon
c. Metamorphosis
d. Butterfly
40. Managing diverse culture at the work place is a very tedious and ______ job. If
organizations tackle it properly, they can reap the fruits of having a qualified, talented and
committed workforce that can help the organization grow and shine at its peak.
a. Tough
b. Easy
c. Difficult
d. Tiring
41. To manage the cultural ______ efficiently, company policies should be designed in such a
way that they forbid discriminatory behavior. These policies must be included in the companys
manual, mission statement and in other written documents.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Differences
Diversities
Boundaries
Discriminations
42. To manage the cultural diversities efficiently, ______ programmes should be modelled in
order to train people about cultural differences and to prepare them work with the other gender
also.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Educational
Development
Training
Learning
43. To manage the cultural diversities efficiently, ______ of the performance appraisal and
reward systems must be in such a way that every individual gets the chance to develop his
career.
a. Pattern
b. Look
c. Design
d. Structure
UNIT 12 Organizational Conflict

1. ______ is a natural disagreement resulting from individuals or groups that differ in attitudes, beliefs, values
or needs. It can also originate from past rivalries and personality differences.
a. Fight
b. Bargaining
c. Conflict
d. Rivalry
2. ______ can also originate from past rivalries and personality differences.
a. Grievance
b. Fight
c. Conflict
d. Rivalry
3. Causes of conflict also include trying to ______ before the timing is right or before needed information is
available.
a. Bargain
b. Negotiate
c. Interfere
d. Assume
4. If the conflict is understood, it can be effectively managed by reaching a ______ that meets both the
individual's and organizational needs. This results in mutual benefits and strengthens the relationship.
a. Majority
b. Minority
c. Consensus
d. Agreement
5. Robbins says that, conflict is a perceived difference of values between two or more parties that results in
mutual opposition. It implies both, opposing interests or goals; opposing or incompatible ______. It is a process
in which A deliberately tries to offset the efforts of B by some form of blocking that will result in frustrating B in
attaining his goals or frustrating his interests.
a. Cultures
b. Interests
c. Goals
d. Behaviour
6. Conflict can be defined as a ______ in which one party perceives that another party has negatively affected,
or is about to negatively affect, some thing that the first party cares about.
a. Situation
b. Dispute
c. Process
d. Response
7. We all have some or other ______ with conflict management and negotiation, in various disputes of our life,
such as, with a salesman, among family members, with colleagues or with our employer.
a. Practice
b. Experience
c. Situation
d. Phenomenon
8. ______ can be within an individual, between two individuals, within a team or group of individuals or between
two or more groups / teams within an organization.
a. Dispute
b. Negotiation
c.
d.
Confrontation
Conflict
9. When people have different interpretations of the same thing then there can be conflict, which is known as
conflict of ______.
a. Goals
b. Ideas
c. Aims
d. Objectives
10. Conflict is incompatible in nature. It occurs when ______ or more people have mutually exclusive goals to
be achieved.
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
11. Conflict is deliberate. Conflict exists when some negative ______ is shown intentionally.
a. Attitude
b. Behaviour
c. Manners
d. Action
12. Conflict is based on ______. It arises when people have differences in the interpretation of facts.
a. Situation
b. Misunderstanding
c. Confrontation
d. Perception
13. The ______ ______ approach considers conflict as an organizational abnormality. This approach says that
conflict is always negative, it upsets the proper functioning of the organization and creates chaos. So it should
be avoided at any cost.
a. Interactionist view
b. Classical conflict
c. Behavioural
d. Classical view
14. The ______ approach also believes that conflict is harmful and it should be avoided. However, they accept
the fact that conflict is natural in all the organizations.
c. Behavioural
d. Classical view
15. There is one more view, which is known as ______ ______. It believes that conflict is inevitable. It is a
normal aspect of an organization. It is not bad or good for the organization.
c. Behavioural
d. Classical view
16. According to S. P. Robbins, While the behavioural approach accepted conflict, the interactionist view
encourages conflict on the grounds that a harmonious, peaceful, tranquil and cooperative group is prone to
becoming static, apathetic and nonresponsive to ______ for change and innovation.
a. Needs
b. Wants
c. Desires
d. Inclination
17. In every organization conflict begins with ______ conflict. Conflict can be created by any unexpected
incident such as change in direction of the organization or over loaded employee being given another project,
or promise of salary increase which was not implemented etc.
a. Latent
b. Perceived
c. Felt
d. Manifest
18. At ______ level the conflict arises as a misunderstanding between two parties. This misunderstanding can
be resolved by improved communication.
a. Latent
b. Perceived
c. Felt
d. Manifest
19. At this stage both the parties start highlighting the ______ conflict. They are emotionally involved and focus
on differences of opinion. Here emotion becomes very important because negative emotion leads to low trust
and wrong perception of the other party, and positive emotion will lead to more balanced behaviour in that
particular situation.
a. Latent
b. Perceived
c. Felt
d. Manifest
20. The ______ conflict becomes obvious to every body or we can say it is a stage of open confrontation,
where both the groups/ parties show aggression and act towards achieving their own goal and destroying the
other party.
a. Latent
b. Perceived
c. Felt
d. Manifest
21. If the conflict is handled properly then it can help in developing great cooperation between the employees,
and if not then it will lead to ______ and negative sentiments.
a. Happiness
b. Frustration
c. Anxiety
d. Joy
22. Conflict is a very big ______ so we need to keep it at minimum.
a. Barrier
b. Issue
c. Situation
d. Obstacle
23. The proper management of organizational conflict needs an understanding of the nature and the source of
conflict at the ______ ______.
a. Stadium
b. Shopping center
c. Work place
d. House
24. There is no such direct relationship between interdependence and conflict, but it is said that
Interdependence ______ the chance of conflict.
a. Decreases
b. Increases
c. Reduces
d. Minimizes
25. When ______ have very little interaction with each other, but can be affected by each others action, then it
is known as pooled interdependence.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Teams
Groups
Organizations
Departments
26. When the output of one department becomes the input of another department, it is known as ______
interdependence.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Reciprocal
Sequential
Pooled
Departmental
27. When two or more people are mutually interdependent in accomplishing the task, it is known as ______
interdependence. They share information and resources.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Reciprocal
Sequential
Pooled
Departmental
28. A person with a ______ degree of specialization will not give importance to the advice of others. Not only
this, he will not be aware of the other areas.
a. High
b. Low
c. Equal
d. Zero
29. Competitive incentive and ______ system can be one of the causes of inter- group conflict.
a. Reward
b. Award
c. Benefit
d. Prize
30. No two people are the same. There are certain people who consider themselves as ______. They are
achievement oriented and hard working. These people are not aware of the feelings of others. They are highly
critical of others, which create stress among others and leads to conflict.
a. Imperfectionists
b. Perfectionists
c. Communists
d. Misfits
31. A clear line of ______ and responsibility is very important for any organization.
a. Role
b. Character
c. Action
d. Management
32. The ______ of an individual plays a very important role in creating perception. Different people have
different expectations, and when they are not fulfilled, it generates conflict.
a. Behaviour
b. Attitude
c. Personality
d.
Importance
33. ______ conflict is the most difficult type of conflict. It is internal to an individual and the result of internal
frustration and tensions.
a. Approach avoidance
b. Avoidance-avoidance
c. Intrapersonal
d. Inter group
34. ______ ______ conflict occurs when one person receives different messages from two role senders, and
he is unable to meet different expectations.
b. Avoidance-avoidance
c. Intrapersonal
d. Intra role
35. _______ ______ conflict arises when a person has to perform a task which is against his value system.
b. Person role
c. Intrapersonal
d. Intra role
36. ______ conflict: It is a situation when an individual has two desirable things and one has to be chosen
over the other. For example, you get two equally attractive job offers and you have to choose any one of them.
b. Person role
c. Approach-approach
d. Intra role
37. When a person has to choose between two negative situations, he faces ______ conflict. For example your
present job is low paying, but the other job is in another city, which requires relocation.
b. Person role
c. Aviodance-avoidance
d. Intra role
38.In ______ conflict situation a person has to choose between two goals in which one is positive and
another one is negative for example you are offered a very good job but at a remote location.
b. Person role
c. Aviodance-avoidance
d. Intra role
39. The conflict between groups or departments is known as ______ ______ conflict.
a. Inter organizational
b. Intra role
c. Inter group
d. Intra group
40. ______ ______ conflict is conflict between two or more organizations.
a. Inter organizational
b. Intra role
c. Inter
d. Intra group
41. Which conflict handling strategy can be adopted where people use fight, argument even physical
aggression to achieve their goal
a. Avoiding
b. Accommodating
c.
d.
Compromising
Handling
42. Which conflict handling strategy can be adopted where people try to ignore arguments and
disagreements?
a. Avoiding
b. Accommodating
c. Compromising
d. Competing
43. ______ is a conflict handling strategy where there is a win-win position for both the parties, where people
share information, try to listen to others and show cooperation.
a. Avoiding
b. Accommodating
c. Collaborating
d. Competing
44. ______ is a conflict handling strategy which uses compromise and bargaining. This is a traditional method
of conflict handling where both the parties are losing.
a. Avoiding
b. Accommodating
c. Compromising
d. Competing
45. ______ is a situation when you withdraw from a conflict. It may be withdrawing from a promotion, from a
relationship with a group or from a fight for resources.
a. Dominance
b. Withdrawal
c. Compromise
d. Appeal
46. ______ ______ is an approach which can be useful in a situation when two parties can attain their goal
without interaction with each other.
a. Dominance
b. Withdrawal
c. Physical separation
d. Appeal
47. _______ ______ ______is a method which can come up with solutions which are accepted by both the
parties. Both the parties work for mutually accepted solutions.
a. Dominance
b. Withdrawal
d. Integrated problem solving
48. ______ is a method in which the manager uses his power and forces the trouble maker to leave the
company. He sometimes tries to separate the conflicting groups, so that a more powerful solution can be
obtained.
a. Dominance
b. Withdrawal
d. Integrated problem solving
49.______ involves continuous interaction and dialogue between the groups in order to find a solution with
maximum advantage to both.
a. Compromise
b. Understanding
c. Negotiation
d. Dealing
50. Members should open up to each other, because ______ can help in solving the conflict.
a. Openness
b. Closeness
c. Transparency
d. Clarity
51. A ______ party intervention can be done if both the parties are not moving towards the solution.
a. Second
b. Fourth
c. Third
d. First
52. ______ members should clarify all the doubts and show their genuine commitment.
a. Club
b. Organizational
c. Family
d. Group
UNIT 13 Power and Politics

1. We as students of organizational behavior must accept that ______ and politics are
impossible to eliminate, and are essential to bring about positive changes and achieve just and
principled objectives.
a. Strength
b. Power
c. Health
d. Wealth
2. ______ power is all around us. We find it in families, schools, organizations, administration.
Wherever you notice leadership, guidance, management, persuasion, coercing, forcing or
selling, you actually witness power in action.
a. Social
b. Political
c. Economic
d. Financial
3. The reason is that the ______ cooperation and harmonization that we seek is not possible
without influence (power). The quality of life that we have today, is the direct result of the power
that some have over others in various organizations.
a. Social
b. Political
c. Economic
d. Financial
4. The challenge managers face is to ensure that positive ______ comes about in an
organization through the positive face of power.
a. Transformation
b. Inspiration
c. Motivation
d. Action
5. ______ is defined (Salanick and Pfeffer, 1971) as the ability of those who possess power to
bring about the outcome they desire.
a. Politics
b. Economics
c. Ethics
d. Power
6. Later in 1987 Pfeiffer defined ______ as the capability of one social actor to overcome
resistance in achieving a desired objective.
a. Politics
b. Economics
c. Ethics
d. Power
7. According to Robbins power is the capacity that A has to influence the ______ of B.
a. Life
b. Behaviour
c. Action
d. Goal
8. Power is often confused with ______ , influence and control. It is related to all the three but is
different.
a. Responsibility
b. Accountability
c. Authority
d. Majority
9. ______ is the behavioral reaction to the exercise of power.
a. Power
b. Influence
c. Authority
d. Control
10. ______ is the definitive form of influence and is achieved when acceptable behavior is
specified, and those under the influence are barred from behaving otherwise.
a. Power
b. Influence
c. Authority
d. Control
11. Power and ______ are very similar, but are at the same time different. Authority refers to the
formal power.
a. Power
b. Influence
c. Authority
d. Control
12. Technically speaking, there can be authority without power; power without authority and
power along with ______.
a. Power
b. Influence
c. Authority
d. Control
13. Authority is a right legal or ______. Power on the other hand is the ability to influence
others.
a. Legal
b. Illegal
c. Formal
d. Informal
14. ______ is linked to managers, whereas power is associated with leadership.
a. Power
b. Influence
c. Authority
d. Control
15. Authority is a narrow concept as one may have no ______ despite having all the authority.
Power on the other hand is a broader concept and includes authority.
a. Authority
b. Influence
c. Power
d. Control
16. Authority is a positional attribute whereas ______ is purely a personal attribute.
a. Authority
b. Power
c. Influence
d. Control
17. Legitimate power is derived from the socio ______ rights of a manager. He holds power
by virtue of his position. Power in this case therefore is positional and not personal. If a person
is removed from that position he loses all the power.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Illegal
Economic
Legal
Cultural
18. ______ power is very high in armed forces because of the nature of the organization and
the criticality that its task demands.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Illegal
Economic
Legitimate
Social
19. To make ______ power effective, power should be exercised discretely and sensitivities of
subordinates should be kept in mind.
a. Illegal
b. legitimate
c. economic
d. Social
20. ______ power is respected a lot as any lack of respect for it leads to anarchy and chaos.
a. Illegitimate
b. legitimate
c. economic
d. Social
21. ______ power is linked to the person and not to the position. Such leaders are very
effective during a crisis or when a transition is taking place.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Connection
Expert
Reward
Charismatic
22. ______ power is a result of specific skill, knowledge or expertise that a person has. Others
accept the recommendation of such a person because they trust his or her expertise.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Connection
Expert
Reward
Charismatic
23. An individual who controls the ______ or rewarding system also has lot of influence on
others. People are willing to follow him because they expect to be rewarded.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Connection
Expert
Reward
Charismatic
24. A manager having access to the most important ______ wields immense power.
a. Information
b. Expert
c. Coercive
d. Charismatic
25. ______power is derived from the ability to punish others. Such a power is legitimate and is
needed by managers to deal with unproductive, disturbing and anti-social elements in the
organization.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Information
Expert
Coercive
Charismatic
26. In a ______ power very often a person is able to exercise power over others because of
the number and quality of connections he has. A person who carefully develops important
networks is able to enjoy substantial power.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Connection
Expert
Reward
Charismatic
27. Expert and ______ powers, are considered better than formal, reward and coercive powers.
This is so because personal powers are more effective and long lasting. They also bring better
satisfaction and commitment.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Connection
Expert
Reward
Charismatic
28. In itself, therefore, politics is neither good nor bad. Politics too is ______ and ever
presenting all organizations, as power is.
a. Natural
b. Unnatural
c. Normal
d. Abnormal
29. Use of illegitimate means and illegitimate objectives makes politics ______.
a. Good
b. Bad
c. Worse
d. Better
30. Pfeffer maintained that for the effective and efficient functioning of an organization, ______
is essential and indispensable.
a. Politics
b. Power
c. Conflict
d. Culture
31. ______ define organizational politics as involvement in intentional acts of influence to
enhance or protect the self-interest of individuals or groups.
a. Mayes and Allen
b. French and Bell
c. Farrel and Peretrsen
d. Pfeffer
32. ______ defined organizational politics as the management of influence to obtain ends not
sanctioned by the organization or to obtain ends through non sanctioned influence. Both these
definitions imply that politics is negative and undesirable.
a. Mayes and Allen
b. French and Bell
d. Pfeffer
33. ______ defined political behavior in organizations as activities that are not required as part
of ones formal role in the organization, but that influence, or attempt to influence, the
distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization.
a. Mayes and Allen
b. French and Bell
d. Pfeffer
34. Political ______ includes controlling the flow of information, forming coalitions, whistleblowing, spreading rumors, leaking confidential information, exchanging favours and lobbying in
support of or against an individual or a group.
a. Behaviour
b. Attitude
c. Manners
d. Ettiquettes
35. Legitimate ______ includes, making complaints, by-passing the chain of command, building
coalitions, obstructing decisions by inaction.
a. Behaviour
b. Attitude
c. Manners
d. Ettiquettes
36. Organizations generally______ (or even encourage) legitimate political activities, but take
decisive action against illegitimate activities as they threaten the very basis of the organization.
a. Permit
b. Discourage
c. Discontinue
d. Stop
37. Political ______ cannot be eliminated, but it needs to be managed properly to take
advantage of its positive aspects and reduce the possibility of its negative impact.
a. Manners
b. Attitude
c. Behaviour
d. Ettiquettes
38. Which Strategy is used to achieve political end where there is involvement of people to
reach a desired decision or to bring about desired change?
a. Consultation
b. Rational persuasion
c. Inspirational appeal
d. Coalition strategy
39.Which Strategy is used to achieve political end which involves convincing others by reason,
logic, information etc.?
a. Consultation
40. Which Strategy is used to achieve political end where support is sought by appealing to
higher ideals, values or emotions of others?
a. Consultation
41. Which Strategy is used to achieve political end at times we make others appear important,
trustworthy or good, with a view to make them accept our point of view or request?
a. Consultation
c. Ingratiating strategy
42. Which Strategy is used to achieve political end at times individuals and groups collaborate
with each other to achieve the desired end?
a. Consultation
43. Which Strategy is used to achieve political end at use of threats, intimidation or harmful
consequences to gain support?
a. Consultation
d. Pressure strategy
44. Which Strategy , involves seeking support of top level executives?
a. Upward appeal
45. Which Strategy favours or promises of favour are offered on exchange basis, to achieve
desired the objective?
a. Upward appeal
b. Exchange strategy
46. Which Strategy is used where it means making efforts to create a positive image for
oneself?
a. Image Building
b. Rule manipulation
47. Which Strategy , where putting the blame for a failure on others and taking credit for any
success?
a. Upward appeal
b. Rule manipulation
d. Escapegoating
UNIT 14 Introduction to groups and teams.

1. The early cave ______ realized the importance of a group and created it for his safe and
secure survival.
a. Man
b. Woman
c. Person
d. Group
2. ______ is a social animal and prefers to live in a group rather than in isolation.
a. Man
b. Woman
c. Person
d. Group
3. Every ______ is a member of one or the other group and performs his activities within these
groups.
a. individual
b. employee
c. laborer
d. employer
4. The behaviour of ______ is largely influenced by the type of group they belong to.
a. Man
b. Woman
c. People
d. Group
5. Social needs are among the most important and powerful motivating forces that prevail on the
job. For the satisfaction of these social needs, ______ tend to form small groups in the job
place.
a. Man
b. Workers
c. People
d. Group
6. ______ perform many of the activities in the workplace, and these can have a significant and
positive impact on individual work performance.
a. Man
b. Workers
c. People
d. Groups
7. Communication and interaction, whether in a group or team, have many advantages, but
some limitations too. They offer the opportunity for better decision-making and for the ______ a
sense of belongingness.
a. Man
b. Workers
c. Members
d. Group
8. In todays modern era, even ______ recognize the benefits of having teams at their work
places, as they are helpful in outperforming the individuals.
a. Men
b. Workers
c. People
d. Organizations
9. A ______ can be defined as a collection of two or more people who have a common explicit
goal and interact with each other for achieving the goal; members are aware of each other and
perceive themselves to be a part of the group.
a. Organization
b. Workers
c. Members
d. Group
10. According to ______ , A group is a set of two or more individuals who are jointly
characterized by a network of relevant communications, a shared sense of collective identity
and one or more shared dispositions with associated normative strength.
a. Kreitner & Kinicki
b. Kreitner
c. David H. Smith
d. David & Kinicki
11. According to ______ a group is, A collection of people who interact for a common purpose,
and between whose members there is interdependency.
a. Kreitner & Kinicki
b. Kreitner
c. David H. Smith
d. David & Kinicki
12. ______ is the degree to which any individual member can rely on others to reach the group
goals.
a. Dependency
b. Outerdependency
c. Interdependency
d. Ultradependency
13. Every ______ of the family contributes according to his/her capacities. We have faith in the
decisions taken by our parents, for food we depend on our mother, for sharing views and
playing, we need our siblings; spouses also support each other for the benefit of the family, etc.
a. Worker
b. Member
c. Employee
d. Lady
16. ______ are able to utilize individual talents and resources in a better way.
a. Workers
b. Members
c. Employees
d. Groups
17. You must be aware of the fact that human beings are blind towards their own mistakes.
Hence, if we are working in a group, these ______ can be identified by other members of the
group and thus, can be rectified immediately.
a. Errors
b. Corrections
c. Mistakes
d. Attitudes
18. ______ give a direction to their members and continuously insist on achieving the
objectives.
a. Workers
b. Members
c. Employees
d. Groups
19. It is through ______ that the members are able to satisfy their social needs.
a. Workers
b. Groups
c. Employees
d. Members
20. Groups facilitates good quality of decision making, since we all know that ten brains are
always better than one, and once a fair decision has been taken, it also increases the ______
of members towards it.
a. Loyalty
b. Attraction
c. Quality
d. Affinity
21. A group, specially the ______ ones, provides a platform to the employees for releasing their
frustration in front of their friends or peers, which people cannot do in front of their seniors.
a. Big
b. Informal
c. Formal
d. Small
22. ______ are helpful in sustaining cultural values, as people tend to celebrate each others
happy occasions together.
a. Workers
b. Groups
c. Employees
d. Members
23. Due to the involvement of many ______ , taking decisions in a group becomes a very time
consuming process.
a. Group
b. Individual
c. People
d. Men
24. ______ often lack individual accountability for mistakes.
a. Groups
b. Individuals
c. People
d. Men
25. ______ conformity becomes very high, as the members are pressurized to obey the group
norms instead of the organizational norms.
a. People
b. Individual
c. Group
d. Men
26. It becomes difficult to make any ______ responsible for getting or not getting the work done.
a. People
b. Individual
c. Person
d. Men
27. The synergy level of groups is generally neutral or ______ because members are more
committed towards their individual outcome.
a. Positive
b. Negative
c. Equal
d. Zero
28. The level of interdependence is very ______ as people are more inclined towards achieving
their own goals and receiving the rewards. This even leads to lack of sharing information.
a. Low
b. Medium
c. High
d. Extreme
30. ______ groups are a very important source of information. If one member of the group has
any information, he can spread it to all other members very quickly.
a. Big
b. Small
c. Medium
d. Little
31. Working in ______ results in higher motivation of the employees and thus, yields job
satisfaction.
a. Organizations
b. Offices
c. Groups
d. Shops
32. ______ groups are those groups, which are purposely created by the management for
achieving some of its objectives. According to Chester I. Barnard, it is a system of consciously
coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons.
a. Formal
b. Informal
c. Big
d. Small
33. ______ management, for achieving its goals, creates formal groups.
a. Top
b. Bottom
c. Middle
d. Organizational
34. In order to ensure efficiency in all its operations, the organizational structure of formal
groups is based on the principle of division of ______.
a. Labour
b. Workers
c. Men
d. Women
35. In formal groups, the emphasis is laid on getting the job done and no concern is shown
towards the ______ who perform these jobs.
a. Men
b. Women
c. Workers
d. Individuals
36. ______ groups have their own hierarchies of authority and responsibility, which are to be
followed by everyone in the organization.
a. Informal
b. Formal
c. Efficient
d. Effective
37. ______ groups are specified by the organizational chart and often consist of a supervisor
and the subordinates who report to that supervisor. In a command group, the subordinates are
responsible to carry out the orders given by the seniors and continuously have to report to them.
a. Task
b. Functional
c. Command
d. Informal
38. An ______ group consists of people having some common interest. These members may
not be part of the same organizational department, but they come together because of some
common interest.
a. Interest
b. Disinterest
c. Favorite
d. Functional
39. Members who enjoy similar social activities, political beliefs, religious values, or other
common bonds form ______ groups. These groups may even cross the organization
boundaries and extend outside the organization.
a. Task
b. Command
c. Reference
d. Friendship
40. Individuals for their self-evaluation create ______ groups.
a. Task
b. Command
c. Reference
d. Friendship
41. According to Cherrington, the main purposes of ______ groups are social validation and
social comparison.
a. Task
b. Command
c. Reference
d. Friendship
42. The initial stage of group development is marked as the forming stage. As the name depicts,
______ means the initial formation of the group. In this stage, the group members are brought
together on one platform.
a. Forming
b. Storming
c. Norming
d. Performing
43. ______ the fourth stage of group development is the action stage where every member
starts performing this/her assigned duties.
a. Forming
b. Storming
c. Norming
d. Performing
44. At ______ stage, the members are expected to break off their socialties and go back to their
original work places.
a. Adjourning
b. Storming
c. Norming
d. Performing
45. According to Katzenbach and Smith, a team is, A ______ number of people with
complementary skills, who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and
approach, for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.
a. Big
b. Large
c. Wide
d. Small
47. Nowadays, almost every ______ insists on having teams as it speeds up the work,
increases mutual trust and co-operation, and yields creative ideas because of the existence of
multiskilled people.
a. family
b. sportsteam
c. organization
d. college
48. The members of ______ teams are geographically dispersed across the organization/nation
or world.
a. virtual
b. cross-functional
c. self-managing
d. problem-solving
49. The main aim of ______ teams is to work out the problem and provide suggestions to it.
However, these teams rarely are given the authority to implement any of their suggested
actions.
a. virtual
b. cross-functional
c. self-managing
d. problem-solving
50.______ teams consist of employees from the same hierarchical levels, but from different
sections/units/ departments of the organization.
a. virtual
b. cross-functional
c. self-managing
d. problem-solving
UNIT 15 Communication Skills

1. In such a ______ world where there is a scarcity of jobs and abundance of labour, and we
are not equipped enough to get the right job, other candidates better than us would out-perform
in this race and we will be left without one.
a. competitive
b. big
c. small
d. abundant
2. Job ______ plays a vital role in getting an employment of your desire. It helps the employer to
choose the right candidate for the right job for his organization.
a. analysis
b. interview
c. description
d. opportunities
3. The increase in population with specialized education and training, as well as ______ of the
world economy, has given more opportunity for the job seekers to look out for a suitable job.
a. globalization
b. privatization
c. specialization
d. liberalization
4. The organizations seek to get candidates who are ______ , challenging and meet their
expectations. Moreover, the positions have become demanding, and responsibilities required for
a particular job position have gone broader than the past.
a. experienced
b. inexperienced
c. strong
d. weak
5. With the business growing ______ , companies are competing with themselves to keep their
share of market.
a. universally
b. globally
c. intentionally
d. purposefully
6. Due to the ______ of human resource and competent individuals, the job market has become
very stringent and narrow.
a. abundance
b. scarcity
c. types
d. styles
7. As seen from the past, interviewing a ______ and getting the right one has improved in leaps
and bounds.
a. candidate
b. employees
c. members
d. students
8. Most organizations have competent people in their recruitment departments who are always
in the look out for the best ______ from the market.
a. candidate
b. employee
c. member
d. student
9. Many ______ agencies have also come up to help the multinationals in getting the right
candidate because time constraint and lack of adequate manpower have become major issues
to be discussed nowadays.
a. internal
b. external
c. international
d. national
10. Originally the word interview is derived from intrevue, which means sight between two
people. It can be defined as a ______ conversation between two individuals with a
predetermined purpose involving question answer session.
a. unplanned
b. planned
c. useful
d. unimportant
11. A job ______ requires planning in order to achieve an effective result.
a. interview
b. analysis
c. description
d. constraints
12. The purpose of a job ______ is to achieve certain objectives.
a. interview
b. analysis
c. description
d. constraints
13. As ______ people communicate between themselves, interview is a formal conversation
between the job applicant and the recruiter or member of the selection committee.
a.
b.
c.
d.
two
three
four
five
14. Interview can be on one to one interaction or a panel ______ where you have more than
one interviewer.
a. analysis
b. recruiting
c. selection
d. interview
15.______ is a process is not to make the candidate tensed or unpleasant, rather make it more
open to him so that he is able to express his potential and his views clearly on the subject.
a. informality
b. formality
c. conversation
d. purpose
16. ______ interview is a process is very common for the recruiter if the recruitment is to be
done in bulk for a number of posts. They generally visit colleges to interview students passing
out of college.
a. walk in interview
b. face to face
c. telephonic
d. campus
17.______ is a process, the employer advertises in the leading newspaper or job portals
inviting the candidates to apply for the job, giving a clear description about the job profile, the
experience required and the salary to be remunerated to him.
b. face to face
c. telephonic
d. campus
18. ______ interview is a process, the applications are received either through advertisements,
reference or consultants.
b. face to face
c. telephonic
d. campus
19. ______ interview as the name suggests, is an interview is conducted over telephone if the
candidate is living in a far of city, away from the place where the interviewer would conduct the
interview.
a. Telephonic
b. Face to face
c. Walk in interview
d. Campus
20. In a______ interview interview, the interviewer does not ask any hypothetical questions to
the candidate. He specifically asks what role the candidate played during the situation or how he
reacted or what was the outcome.
a. telephonic
b. face to face
c. behavioural
d. campus
21.______ ______ is done to see the problem-solving skills of the candidates. A live situation is
given and the candidate is asked about his views regarding the case. It is actually to find out
that the candidate is applying his thoughts, skills and experience to actually solve the problem.
a. case interview
b. face to face
c. walk in interview
d. campus
22. ______ interview is a pressure interview where the candidate is judged on how he can
handle pressure jobs. It can be argumentative, controversial or unfriendly.
a. Case interview
b. Face to face
c. Walk in interview
d. Stress
23. Sometimes it so happens that in order to judge the ______ temperant level, the interviewer
can subject him to a stressful interview where the candidate might be asked pointed question
specially designed to unsettle him, give a hostile situation and ask him how he would react or
deliberately intercept him and criticize his views.
a. candidates
b. workers
c. employees
d. students
24. A ______ should do a critical examination about his professional background and
educational qualification. It has been seen that a candidate is very good in his educational
qualification, but he may not have the right background to do the job.
a.
b.
c.
d.
candidate
worker
employee
student
25. An accomplishment should be expressed articulately in order to let the ______ know how
important was the role you had played during your stay in school / college/ university or the last
organization.
a.
b.
c.
d.
employer
worker
employee
student
26. If a ______ does not have the required skills, he should try to find out techniques for
adapting these skills to fit the job as desired.
a.
b.
c.
d.
employee
worker
candidate
student
27. A ______ should do a thorough research of the organization where he is going to be

interviewed. This is because he should be aware about what business it is into, recent
expansion to be taken, new projects to be ventured, company rating in national or global
level, work culture, financial turnover, and introduction of new products, organization structure
and his interest in the company.
a.
b.
c.
d.
worker
employee
candidate
student
28. Job ______ is done to provide the total information about the job. The applicant should
have a clear idea about the job of what it is, what responsibilities to be handled, whom to report,
challenges to be faced, professional knowledge required, areas of expertise and career
prospective in future.
a.
b.
c.
d.
analysis
appraisal
evaluation
interviews
29. It is always suggested that an applicant should always have a good ______, confidence and
clarity about his own subject. A candidate should do a preparation of the subject he has studied,
look into the latest developments, and get an idea of the general knowledge regarding political,
social, economic or an environmental issues.
a.
b.
c.
d.
information
knowledge
confidence
attitude
30. A proper ______ demands a professional approach. A proper interview file should contain
reference papers, merit certificates, covering letter, educational credentials, experience
certificates and resume.
a.
b.
c.
d.
interview
appraisal
evaluation
training
31. The word ______ is derived from a French word, which means ticket or label. It was used
formally in court where people were required to behave properly and follow certain code of
conduct.
a.
b.
c.
d.
behaviour
attitude
etiquette
manner
32. Today ______ came to be known as a code for social behavior. In simple terms, it is the
manners and behaviour we follow or maintain in our social work life.
a.
b.
c.
d.
behaviour
attitude
etiquette
manner
33. It is to be noted that a candidate not only has to know about the manners and etiquettes
practiced at work place, but should also be well ______ and maintain personal hygiene.
a.
b.
c.
d.
manicured
pedicured
groomed
styled
34. Flexibility to work in a ______ , tactful in using words, which do not lead to unnecessary
controversies or arguing with an interviewer should be practiced.
a.
b.
c.
d.
team
organization
office
home
35. In ______ questions The main purpose is to ask the candidate to talk about something and
encourage him to speak about a topic forcing him to think out of the box.
a.
b.
c.
d.
closed
open
probing
hypothetical
36.In ______ questions the questions are closed and the candidates are asked to provide
specific information or facts.
a.
b.
c.
d.
closed
open
leading
hypothetical
37. ______ questions is an advanced form of closed question, where the interviewer wants to
probe deeply for more clarification and explanation on the subject. Actually, he wants to know
his decision about the subject, which is being discussed.
a.
b.
c.
d.
probing
open
leading
hypothetical
38. ______ questions are generally asked by the interviewer to find out the candidate's reaction
to a certain situation he described or what steps he had taken in such a situation and why.
a. hypothetical
b. open
c. leading
d. closed
39. A ______ should be a good listener before he gives his answer to the question. He should
understand the question and then respond accordingly.
a.
b.
c.
d.
listener
reader
candidate
person
40. A ______ should give more attention to date, place, person and time. If he has forgotten,
then he should not mention it rather than bluffing the interviewer. It is better to accept the wrong,
rather to give a wrong answer.
a.
b.
c.
d.
listener
reader
candidate
person
41. The answer given by the candidate should be ______ and to the point. He should not brag
over a certain matter, which might make the interviewer think twice and ask him a question
regarding it.
a.
b.
c.
d.
brief
detail
short
long
42. It should be practiced that a ______ should always try to give only the required information
asked by the interviewer. The more convincing answers a candidate gives, helps the interviewer
to choose the right candidate.
a.
b.
c.
d.
candidate
student
interviewee
interviewer
43. A ______ should try to behave more positively rather than bargain or argue with the
interviewer on a certain issue. It is always advisable to remain calm and be positive.
a.
b.
c.
d.
student
interviewee
interviewer
candidate
44. A candidate should always think in a ______ way and be rational about making decision. It
reflects ones personality and leadership quality.
a. rational
b. logical
c. normal
d. abnormal
Continued Organizational Behaviour:

UNIT 15
1. ______ is a reality of life which every individual has to to accept in order to survive, and we
must try to cope with it.
a. Change
b. Development
c. Education
d. Training
2. Change is a multi dimensional ______. Organizational change can be any type of change in
strategy, culture, structure, task, technology or even change in employees.
a. process
b. system
c. situation
d. solution
3. Organizational change is a process by which organizations move from their ______ state to
some desired future state to increase their effectiveness.
a. past
b. present
c. future
d. early
4. When change activities are ______ and goal oriented then it is known as planned change.
a. intentional
b. natural
c. legal
d. controlled
5. The main ______ of a planned change in the organization is to improve the ability of the
organization to adapt to changes in the environment.
a. goal
b. problem
c. decision
d. story
6. People who act as ______ and assume the responsibility for managing change activities are
called change agents.
a. negotiator
b. mediator
c. catalysts
d. strategists
7. ______ changes are gradual, incremental, and specifically focused.
a. Revolutionary
b. Evolutionary
c. Dictionary
d. Stationary
8. Revolutionary change is ______ , drastic, and organization-wide.
a. sudden
b. gradual
c. slow
d. natural
9. Changing the organizations structure or its structural components is known as _____change.
a. technological
b. structural
c. automation
d. workforce
10. Adopting new equipment or operating methods that displace old skills and require new ones
is called ______ change.
a. structural
b. technological
c. automation
d. workforce
11. Replacing certain tasks done by people with machines is ______ change.
a. structural
b. technological
c. automation
d. workforce
12. Changing attitudes, expectations, perceptions, and behaviour of the ______ .
a. structural
b. technological
c. automation
d. workforce
13. Economic, political, and global forces affect organizations by forcing them to change the
______ they adopt for producing goods and services.
a. process
b. style
c. behavior
d. attitude
14. Changes in the composition of the workforce and the increasing ______ of employees has
presented many challenges for organizations. Managing diversity has become a challenge for
the organization.
a. diversity
b. similarity
c. number
d. competition
15. It is very important for an organization to take steps to promote______ behaviour.
a. ethical
b. unethical
c. rude
d. strange
16. The employees should be encouraged to report ______ behaviour.
a. ethical
b. unethical
c. right
d. proper
17. For a planned change it is important that the benefits of change be measurable and ______
changes should be recognized.
a. positive
b. negative
c. zero
d. balanced
18. Some of the organizations believe in _____ risks so they will not like to change if the
a. maximizing
b. minimizing
c. cancelling
d. magnifying
19. When people do not have ______ information they substitute it with speculation and
guesses, which are mostly negative and fearsome.
a. faulty
b. adequate
c. wrong
d. false
20. ______ are very difficult to break or to form.
a. Objects
b. Metals
c. Habits
d. Decision
21. Very often workers do not see the benefits of change and consider it ______ and
unreasonable.
a. fair
b. unfair
c. reasonable
d. legal
22. One of the change agents are ______ who are also called internal entrepreneurs.
a. managers
b. non managers
c. outside consultants
d. outside managers
23. One of the change agents are ______ who are change specialists.
a. managers
b. non managers
d. outside managers
24. One of the change agents are ______ who are the experts who implement change.
a. managers
b. non managers
d. outside managers
1. One of the causes for a need to change organizational structure is to allow expansion in the
foreign market.
2. One of the causes for a need to change organizational structure os to adapt to different types
of national structures.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.T
d.1.F 2.F
1. People resist change due to the ambiguity and certainty that change introduces.
2. People resist change due to the comfort of new habits.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.T
d.1.F 2.F
1. People resist change due to a concern over personal loss of status, money, authority,
friendships, and personal convenience.
2. People resist change due to lack information.
a.1.T 2.T
b.1.T 2.F
c.1.F 2.T
d.1.F 2.F
28.______ is very often in the root of our fears and apprehension. Therefore we can address
them through education and communication.
a. Ignorance
b. Arrogance
c. Laziness
d. Happiness
29. If individuals and groups themselves are involved in the designing and implementation of
______ , they overcome their feeling of uncertainity and helplessness.
a. change
b. technology
c. strategy
d. ideas
30. People will give up resistance to ______ if and when they feel empowered.
a. change
b. technology
c. strategy
d. ideas
31. ______ means asking resistant groups to accept changes by providing them with benefits
they desire, along with a non-influential role in the process.
a. Co-operation
b. Corporation
c. Co-optation
d. Communication
32. The ______ management on the basis of observation or discussion, decides about change
management and it leads to the hiring of a change consultant.
a. top
b. bottom
c. middle
d. right
33. In the process of change at ______ stage the management tries to search for the major
cause which needs attention while bringing about a change in the organization.
a. diagnosis
b. initiation
c. motivation
d. collection
34. In the process of change at ______ stage the management and the expert, take necessary
action to involve people from all levels of the organization.
a. diagnosis
b. initiation
c. motivation
d. collection
35. In the process of change at ______ stage, the whole structure of the proposal is prepared,
so that any problem cn be identified and solved.
a. action proposal
b. diagnosis
c. initiation
d. motivation
36. In the process of change at ______ stage is where all the ideas or proposals are converted
into action.
a. implementation
b. initiation
c. motivation
d. collection
37. In the process of change at ______ stage change is internalized, and it becomes an
important part of the organization.
a. implementation
b. stabilization
c. motivation
d. collection
38. It is said that ______ ______ is a technique which helps two interdependent groups explore
their perceptions and relations in order to improve their work interactions.
a. organization development
b. organization change
c. organization structure
d, organization work
39. According to Pareek, OD is a ______ effort initiated by process specialists to help an
organization develop its diagnostic skills, coping capabilities, linkage strategies, in the form of
temporary and semi-permanent systems,and a culture of mutuality.
a. planned
b. controlled
c. strategic
d. casual
40. An organizational intervention is a ______ structural group of activities designed to achieve
the goals of OD.
a. planned
b. controlled
c. strategic
d. casual
41. Several OD interventions have been developed, which help in ______ resource building.
a. internal
b.external
c, proper
d. periodical

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UNIT 1.

Introduction to Organizational Behaviour

4. OB stresses upon creating a ________ climate comprising harmonious inter-person

5. OB guides managers on how to cope with human ________ by adopting different

7. Organizations can also be structured as rigid, _________ systems (mechanistic) or

8. What are the three important activities to be performed by managers under

9. What are the three important roles to be performed by individuals under

12. _________ is one of the challenges for OB.

UNIT 2. Introduction to Organizational Design

3. ________ systems administer the organization through guidelines, rules and

6. Line organization stresses more on command and control whereas, functional

8. Unbroken line of authority and responsibility establishes the pattern of________ in

10. ________ of command means that a subordinate has to be responsible to one

14. What is the most common form of Departmentation?

15.________ organization is a combination of functional and project organization.

40. State true or false:

UNIT 3. Introduction to Interpersonal behaviour.

2. An interpersonal relationship is an association between two or more people for

3. George Levinger has proposed a model of relationship development that consists

4. Transactional Analysis (TA) is a theory developed by ________ in the 1950s.

7. In an ________ transaction, the communication has a two-fold meaning.

8. ________ transaction happens when a person smiles or laughs in response to other

10. Transactional Analysis is an important technique used to train the executives

d) Dealing with other people more judiciously.

37. State true or false:

40. State true or false:

1. We are living in a world that is ever ________ .

2. Learning is defined as a relatively ________ change in behavior.

3. Effective learning also fosters _________ and innovation.

5. ________ learning helps the organization to remain innovative and maintain an

8. Learning comprises of four broad components:A) ________ ________

9. Learning leadership would be useless in an organization where the ________ is in

13. The more we practice the better ________ we have.

15. A good teacher has following traits:

22. State true or false:

UNIT 5 Introduction to personality

2. What is defined as the combination of emotional, attitudinal and behavioral

4. According to ________, Personality includes external appearance and behavior,

6. Depending on employees behavior and motives, various ________ programmes

8 . Personality is the resultant of the interaction between three states of human

9. ________ is the logical, realistic, and mature aspect of personality.

10. ________ are basically strong, athletic and tough people.

12. ________ differentiates between two individuals.

21. In determinants of personality under biological factor ______ refers to the

42. State true or false:

UNIT 6 Introduction to Emotions

12. State true or false:

24. Emotional Intelligence of individuals can be enhanced by appropriate training and

33. ______ Emotions being expressed by the person .

2. According to Rensis Likert ______ is the core of management.

2 Leadership is a process of influencing ______ towards the fulfillment of goals in a given

10. Leadership is a process of ______.

24. Autocratic leadership style is again divided into three types.

28. ______ is also called permissive leadership.

40. Relationship behavior includes maintaining proper communication processes and

UNIT 9 Organizational Stress

7. Stress is associated with two factors- ______ and resources.

9. Resources are anything, which can be used to ______ the demand.

21. Stress can be the result of ______ communication or no communication in an organization.

29. The cost of stress can be evaluated from three aspects:

a)true b)true c)true d)true e)true

34. State true or false:

a)true b)true c)true d)true

A.T B.T C.T D. T

Org. Beh. (Seema Ma'm New)

Org. Beh. (Seema Ma'm New)

8. Learning comprises of four broad components:A)