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Attitude express our our feeling , thoughts ,negative or positive reactions towards
any person,place,event or thing,
Cognitive dissonance
Is the mental stress or discomfort experienced by an individual who holds two or more opposing
beliefs, ideas, or values at the same time.
example, when people smoke (behavior) and they know that smoking causes cancer
(cognition).
Prejudice
is an incorrect attitude (usually negative) towards an individual based only on the individual
belongs to a specific of a social group.
For example, a person may hold prejudiced views towards a certain race or gender or
Racism
Schemata
A schema is a mental concept which informs a person about what to expect from a variety of experiences
and situations. Or organizing our thoughts, behaviors and feelings like attitudes Example ATTITUDE
Stereotype
A fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people.
The use of stereotypes is a major way in which we simplify our social world; since they
reduce the amount of processing (i.e. thinking) we have to do when we meet a new person.
Example: Girls are not good at sports, Italians are good lovers, All Asians know kung fu
Social influence
Compliance
Compliance is a type of social influence where an individual does what someone else wants
them to do, following his or her request or suggestion.
The Foot in the Door Technique
The Door in the Face Technique
The Low-Ball Technique
Consistency
Is define as to be consistence and unchanged in our opinions
People are motivated to be consistent in all areas of life in their words, deeds, attitudes, opinions,
beliefs, values, habits, and promises. Once a person makes a decision, takes a stand.
(a) Diachronic Consistency i.e. consistency over time the majority stocks to its guns,
doesnt modify its views.
(b) Synchronic Consistency i.e. consistency between its members all members agree
and back each other up.
Conversion
The social influence results the change is in the behavior of an individual by accepting
the decision taken by the others .
Group polarization
A phenomenon where the decisions and the opinion of people became more extreme
than their actual.
EXAMPLE: after a decision about racism the members of the group who are recist will
defend their attitude more strongly than they would have before.
Informational Influence
When we do not know how to behave, we copy other people. They thus act as
information sources for how to behave as we assume they know what they are doing.
Also because we care a great deal about what others think about us, this provides a
safe course of action.
Some times we follow other people who are more experience than us.
Normative influence
Sometimes people behave in ways just to gain approval from others, even if they don't
necessarily believe in what they are doing. This is normative social influence .
To be accepted by a group
Obedience to Authority
We can say that ordered given by the authority to a group then every member must
obey the order given by authority whether it good or bad.
Social Comparison
Social comparison is the comparison of our belief and behaviors with other people who
are in our same group to know that how much our behaviors are correct or wrong
upward comparison and downward comparison
Group Performance
Additive task
group task in which performance depend on the sum of each individuals effort.
Brainstorming
Brainstorming helps us to develop creative solutions to a problem, and generate new ideas.
Competitive interdependence
In a group task in which one (or more ) member of the group succeed just in one case
when other member did not succeed,
Conjunctive task
A task can be completed successfully only when all the members of the group
contribute or success.
Everyone must finish their task successfully
Dominant Reponses
Dominant reponses are the responcces which are very quickly come to us and we react
very quickly without thinking
Reflexive actions
Eureka Task
In a task when someone suddenly understand a previously complex problem and seems obvious to
all.
also known as the aha! Moment.
Hidden Profile
Its a group problem where there is no good solution for that problem is not discovered
because the key points are not clear or key informations are not recognize.
Motivation losses
Loss of motivation of a group which cause the decrease in group efforts to achieve
success.
Process losses
Group process or works thats fails to achieve best performance because of less
motivation , Bad Equipments etc
Production blocking
Production blocking is a common problem in brainstorming groups. It is a tendency for
one individual to block or inhibit other people during a group discussion. For example, if
six people are in a group and one person is talking about his or her idea, then the other
five people are `blocked` and less able to provide their own creative input