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GSM-Based Borewell
Water-Level Monitor
farmers to walk all the way to their
fields at night just to switch the pump
motor off. Besides, he may never get
f the water level in a borewell
to know the problem.
drops below the threshold level
This problem can be solved by
for pumping, its pump motor may
using this GSM-based system that
get air-locked or even burn out due
will automatically give the user a
to dry running. It is inconvenient for
call on his mobile
phone when the
water level in the
borewell drops
below or rises to
the threshold level for pumping.
The user can also
remotely switch
on or switch off
Fig. 1: Block diagram of gsm-based borewell water-level monitoring system
the pump motor
Gurunath Reddy
mar
sunil ki u
eo
& San th
Circuit description
Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of
the GSM-based borewell water-level
monitoring system. Fig. 2 shows the
complete circuit. It comprises the
power supply section, water-level sensor circuit, microcontroller, MAX232
driver, relay driver and GSM modem.
The GSM board has a valid SIM card
with sufficient recharge amount to
make outgoing calls.
The circuit is powered by regulated
5V DC. The 220V, 50Hz AC mains is
stepped down by transformer X1 to
103
construction
Table I
Water level
Motor
Mobile LED2
Full
Above point A On
Call from modem On
Empty
Below point A
Off
Off
Remarks
SMS operation to turn on/off
the motor
SMS operation not allowed
Table II
Implementation
Power supply
Power saving
Frequency bands
SIM300 tri-band (EGSM 900, DCS 1800, PCS 1900). The band can be
set by AT COMMAND, and default band is EGSM 900 and DCS 1800
SMS
SIM interface
External antenna
Serial port 1 can be used for CSD FAX, GPRS and sending AT command
of controlling module
Serial port 1 can use multiplexing function, but you cannot use serial
port 2 at the same time
Serial port 2: Two lines on serial port interface, /TXD and /RXD
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construction
Table III
List of Commands
Command Description
AT
ATE0
AT+CNMI
Parts List
Semiconductors:
IC1
IC2
IC3
BR1
T1, T2
LED1, LED2
D1
Fig. 4: An actual-size, single-side PCB for the GSM-based borewell water-level monitoring system
- AT89C51 microcontroller
- MAX232 driver
- 7805, 5V regulator
- 1A bridge rectifier
- BC548 npn transistor
- 5mm light-emitting diode
- 1N4007 rectifier diode
Miscellaneous:
X1
- 220V AC primary to 12V,
250mA secondary
transformer
RL1
- 12V, 1C/O relay
S1
- Tactile switch
- 11.0592MHz crystal
XTAL
GSM modem - SIM300 V7.03 modem
- Two water-level steel sensor
rods
Software program
The software program is written in
C language and compiled using Keil
software. The AT commands listed in
Table III are used in the code to receive
the mobile signal. The hex code of the
program is burnt into the MCU using
Flash Magic software.
105
construction
106
can also turn the motor off by sending motor11 off message from any
mobile phone.
7. Now remove water from the
bucket until the water level in the
bucket dips below sensor A. The motor should automatically switch off
and you should receive a call from
the modem simultaneously alerting
you that the borewell (bucket in this
case) is empty and the motor has been
switched off.
After testing the above steps, you
can install the system in the borewell
by inserting sensors A and B into the
pipe with sensor B placed at the bottom of the borewell as shown in the
circuit. Your borewell monitoring system is now ready for use. The authors
prototype is shown in Fig. 6.
EFY note. The source code of this
article is available on www.efymag.
com.
The author is a student of BE in electronics and
telecommunications at SIT, Tumkur
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