I.

Other E.coli infections

UTI- caused by Uropathogenic E. coli
a. Adhesins/ Pili- mediates the
adherence of urethrogenic E.coli to
the epithelial cells lining the urinary
tract
b. Hemolysins- kill leukocytes and inhibit
phagocytosis and chemotaxis
c. Aerobactin- an extracellular iron
complex; allows bacterial cell to
chelate iron
Septicemia & Meningitis
- Newborns acquire the infection in the
birth canal before or during delivery
when the mothers vagina is colonized
- Infection also results if contamination
of the amniotic fluid takes place

V.

HAFNIA
- Not known to cause gastroenteritis
- Possesses delayed (+) citrate reaction
a. Hafnia alvei- the only sp

VI.

PROTEUS
- Dienes Phenomenon- 2 species in 1
medium: produce demarcation line
a. Proteus mirabilis b. Proteus vulgaris
- Widely recognized human pathogens
- Isolated from urine, wounds and ear &
bacteremic infections
- Produce swarming colonies or nonselective media such as sheeps blood
agar
- Colonies produce burned chocolate
odor
- Produce H2S
- Hydrolyze urea-pink

* K1 Ag- the most documented virulenceassociated factor of neonatal meningeal

infections; capsular antigen
II.

*P.Mirabilis is differentiated from P.vulgaris

by the indole and ornithine decarboxylase
tests:

KLEBSIELLA
- GI tract of human and animals
- -large, very mucoid colonies- presence
of capsule
a. Klebsiella pneumoniae most common
spp
- with a polysaccharide capsule
- a frequent cause of lower respiratory
tract infections
- also causes wound infections, UTI and
bacteremia
b. Klebsiella oxytoca- identical to K.
pneumoniae
- indole (+)
c. K. ozaenae isolated from nasal
secretions and cerebral abcesses
d. K. rhinoscleromatis- isolated from
patients with rhinoscleroma infection of
the nasal cavity

III.

ENTEROBACTER
- Motile
- (+) in Simmons citrate
- (+) in KCN broth
- Methyl red (-)
- Voges-Proskauer test (+)
- Produces ornithine decarboxylase
a. Enterobacter cloacae
b. Enterobacter aerogenes

IV.

SERRATIA
- Opportunistic pathogens - nosocomial
outbreaks
- Ferment lactose slowly
- Resistant to a wide range of
antimicrobials
- Produce pigment
a. Serratia marcescens produce
characteristic
b. Serratia rubiaea
prodigiosin pinkred pigment
c. Serratia odorifera- gives off a dirty musty
odor like potatoes

P. mirabilis- indole (-), ornithine (+)

P. vulgaris indole (+), ornithine (-)
*P. vulgaris- sucrose (+)
- gives an acid/acid reaction in TSI agar
*Rose Waalers test- diagnostic stage using
Proteus to differentiate Rickettsiae sp
VII.

MORGANELLA has only 1 sp

a. M. morganii formerly known as P.
morganii
- Has been implicated in diarrheal
illness
- Its role as a etiologic agent of diarrhea
disease remains to be further
examined however, it is a documented
cause of UTI

VIII.

PROVIDENCIA consists of 4 spp

a. P. alcalifaciens found in the feces of
children with diarrhea
b. P. stuartii- nosocomial outbreaks in
burn units
- Isolated from urine cultures
c. P. rettgeri-UTI pathogen
- Has caused occasional
nosocomial outbreaks
d. P. rustigianii rarely isolated

IX.

EDWARDSIELLA
(-) for urea
- (+) for lysine decarboxylase
- (+) for H2S
- (+) for indole
- (-) for Simmons citrate
a. Edwardsiella tarda- opportunistic;
cause bacteremia & wound infections
b. Edwardsiella ictaluri- cause enteric
septicemia in fish
c. Edwardsiella hoshinae- isolated from
snakes, birds and water

X.

XI.

ERWINIA & PECTOBACTERIUM

- both are plant pathogens
- Erwinia- grows poorly at 37oC
- Fails to grow on selective media such
as EMB agar, MAC agar and other
differentia media used for the isolation
of enteric
CITROBACTER
- Methyl red test (+)
- Simmons citrate (+)
- Mistaken as Salmonella

a. Citrobacter freundii diarrheal stool

cultures
o UTI
o Penumonia
o Intra-abdominal abcesses
o Infectious diseases acquired in
hospital setting
o Endocarditis- IV drug abusers
Aortic valve replacement