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Nuraeni
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English Syntax
In this study, there is some material that had been discussed namely: Heads and modifier,
Constituent structure, Construction, Word classes, and Lexicon. And in the next paragraph, this writing will
explain about that.
A. Head and Modifier
Talking about head, it is called as noun and it can be plural or singular. While, Modifier is a
word that control other word or specifically its a word that explain about the head. For example:
friendly women , the word of women is the head, while friendly as modifier.
B. Constituent structure
a) Heads, modifiers and arrangements of words
Heads and modifiers tend to occur next to each other. For instance, in English,
nouns can be modified by various types of words and phrases adjectives,
prepositional phrases and relative clauses, not to mention words a, the, this and
some. Examples the Board.
b) Test for phrase
The arrangement of words into phrases and phrases into clauses may seem selfevident from the above discussion. In fact, it is not always clear how the words in
a given phrase are arranged or how the phrases are arranged in a given clause.
c) Transposition
Transposition is have to do with a sequence of words being moved from one
position in a clause to another position without any other change in the clause
example The pupils in this match class gave cakes to Margaret every Friday.
d) Substitution
The essential idea behind this test is that a single word can substitute for a number
of words hanging together as a phrase. For examples: Jeje handed them to Rangga
on Sunday
e) Ellipsis
Ellipsis is consists of two clause that discrete then united in one of sentences by
using and, example I eat coffee and juice.
C. Construction
In this material, there are three parts that had discussed are introduction of the
construction itself, different construction and different meaning, and types of construction. Talking
about introduction, we have to know what is construction? and Construction is a way to build
words, phrases, clauses, and sentences and it also relevant to all areas of grammar. Next about
different construction and different meaning, it means that if there are two or more sentences that
Nuraeni
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English Syntax
construction in different structure, it will have different meaning. For example: 1. The wealthy young
man bought that piano for his secret fiance. 2. Did the wealthy young man buy that piano for his
secret fiance?. And then, about types of construction, it consists of Copula, Double object, and
Oblique. First about copula or it called linking verb, example became, look, smell, and seem. Then,
about Double Object for example My mother gives me a new bag. And the last is oblique, it
connecting by preposition. Example My boyfriend buys a cake for me.
D. Word Classes
If we talk about word class, it has the same meaning with parts of speech . And there are
some parts of word classes, namely: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and preposition. Noun is being
the names of persons, places and things like Adhi, Kendari, Flower, and so on. Verb is being the
names of actions or states like pray, climb, blame, and so on. Adjective is the word that following
noun like humble, polite, funny, and so on. Then, adverb examples: in the evening, in the mosque,
at ten o clock. The last is preposition, example: in, besides, and so on. Besides, there are four
types of criteria are employed to set up word classes, namely: morphological criterion, morpho
syntactic, syntactic and semantic.
Morphological criterion
In morphological criterion means that a word that experienced inflectional which is
E. Lexicon
In Lexical, there are some parts, namely:
a. Syntax and lexical items
Syntax cannot be isolated from other areas of language and individual lexical items,
particularly verbs, ercise strong control over syntactic structure.
Nuraeni
21213134
English Syntax
Nuraeni
21213134
English Syntax