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Analysis of Biogas Financing


Using Causal Loop Diagram in
Lembang Area, West Java, Indonesia
12th Conference of Science Council of Asia (SCA)
And International Symposium
10-12 July, 2012

Purnama Alamsyah
Kusnandar

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Content
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Result and Discussion
Conclusion

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Introduction

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Introduction

There are many biogas projects dedicated for


smallholders in rural Indonesia
The development of renewable energy such as
biogas in Indonesias rural area has met various
constraints social, economy, and institutional
But not many who consider financing factor as an
important factor in the success of biogas project.
The main problem that farmers and ranchers in
rural areas have to face is in the inability to fully
pay biogas plant they need financing assistance
in order to easily adopt the biogas technology

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Introduction (2)

Financing factor of renewable energy such as


biogas is an open problem to be improved.
This paper aims to analyze the financing of biogas
project in Indonesias rural areas especially in
Lembang, West Java by using Causal Loop Diagram
(CLD).

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Literature Review

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Literature Review

Benefits of biogas
Drivers and barrier of biogas implementation
Financing of domestics biogas plant (Financing
environment, Financing channels, Financing
instruments, financial scheme)

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Methodology

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Methodology

Literature Review

Individual interview

On-site survey

literature review and information about biogas


development, renewable energy development, biogas financing, renewable
energy financing were collected. Data source of constructed biogas are based
on recorded data by Dinas Peternakan Provinsi Jawa Barat, KPSBU, and BIRU
individual interview were conducted to the
dairy farmers in Lembang, Dairy Farmers Group in Lembang, management of
KPSBU, Dinas Peternakan Provinsi Jawa Barat, Dinas Pertambangan dan Energi
Provinsi Jawa Barat, BIRU, ITB, construction companies of biogas digester, and
appliance biogas companies.
respondents of on-site survey were chosen through
the consideration of the scale farming, the amount of cows owned, and social
status of the farmers.

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Methodology (2)

The research was conducted in Lembang sub-district,


West Bandung, state of West Java, Indonesia. Here,
biogas program had been intensively implemented.
The potential physical areas are horticulture farming,
dairy farming, and tourism
Using Causal Loop Diagram (CLD). CLD is a tool for
systematically
identifying,
analyzing
and
communicating feedback loop structures

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Result and Discussion

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General Model
Biogas Waste
+
Output

Biogas Digester
Investment +
Rate of Adoption

B2

+
Investment cash
usage
Cash -

Cattle business
+

+
Cost of Biogas
Investment
B1

+
+
+
Cost of Biogas
Business capital
+
desire
+ Business capital
usage
+ Income

Subsystem of waste
Negative
feedback.
biogas
residues or bio-slurry. If it is not
taken care properly, it would
pollute the environment. Even
though is not as smelly as before,
it would still pollute the river and
other waterways as disposal sites.

+
Biogas Output
R1
-

Expenditure for
Living
+

Ratio of Income and


Expenditure

+
Pollution

+
Positive
Image
for
Biogas Digester

Subsystem of Cost
Negative feedback. investment cost would
surely disrupt the financial cash of the farmers
that mostly are intended for their business
capital. The disruption of the cash would bring
impact to the reduction of their business capital
and in turn would lessen their income as well.
The lessen income would then decrease the
income ratio to expenditures, would also
decrease the positive image

Subsystem of biogas output


Positive
feedback.
The
bigger the biogas output
means the higher usage of
biogas as energy source. The
impact would increase the
positive image of biogas
technology so that it would
increase the level of farmers
adopting the technology

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Grants Model
Biogas Waste +
Output

Biogas Digester
+
Investment
Availability of
Grant

+
+
+
+
Biogas Output
Grant
from
Rate of Adoption
Investment cash
Cost of Biogas
Government
usage
Investment
+
B
Cattle business
+
Cash
+
+
Expenditure for
+
Business capital
Cost of Biogas
Living
+
desire
+
Business capital
+ Income + Ratio of Income and
usage
Expenditure

+
Pollution

- Positive Image for


Biogas Digester

By the government grants, then the problem of high


investment cost in biogas digester shall be solved.
However, as explored further, the grants program
still has a budget limit. This condition resulted in only
the minority of the farmers would get it. The sub
system still negative feedback

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Credit Model
Assistance and training
program

Technique of
organic fertilizer

organic fertilizer
promotion

+
+
Production desire
Of organic fertilizer

+
organic fertilizer
production

+
Supply chain system
for organic fertilizer

+
market for organic
+
fertilizer

Biogas Digester
Investment
+

Biogas Waste
+
+
Output
Raw material
potential of organic
fertilizer
Credit for Digester

Technology
+
+
Cost of Biogas
Investment

Rate of Adoption
+

Quality of
Digester

+
Investment
+
+ Biogas Output
cash usage
Cattle business
+
+
Kas +
+
+
+
Price of Digester
Business capital
Cost
of
Biogas
Expenditure for
+
desire
Living
+
Business capital
+
+ Income + Ratio of Income and
usage
Expenditure
farming cost
+
-

organic fertilizer

+
+

Organic
fertilizer
selling
-

Pollution

This credit system helps farmers


because it is not disrupt other
business capital

+
-

Positive Image for


Biogas Digester

Higher technology. biogas output produced is


greater so that it is more effective in use as
energy source to farmers daily needs of energy

Higher technology with greater biogas output, along with applied credit
system and subsidies are expected to increase the number of biogas digester
adoption. However, there is a question about the biogas utilization as energy
source has greater value than the cuts of milk payment for credits?

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Conclusions

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Some Conclusions

Biogas investment are expensive investment,


therefore, to reduce the costs we need to create a
financing system that could facilitate instead of
making farmers more economically vulnerable
There are financing schemes offered, be it
government grants or even credit system and
subsidies offered by NGO such as BIRU Program
cooperated with KPSBU

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Some Conclusions (2)

Financing system through credit system and


subsidies was perceived more successful to increase
the adoption of biogas technology in Lembang area
One of the contributing factors in increasing biogas
project sustainability is the issue about utilization of
biogas residues, bio-slurry

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Thank you !

Purnama Alamsyah | purnama.alamsyah@gmail.com


Kusnandar | kussrai@yahoo.com

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