2016

2016 HULT PRIZE CHALLENGE:

CROWDED URBAN SPACES

Can we build sustainable, scalable and fast-growing

social enterprises that double the income of 10 million
people residing in crowded urban spaces by better
connecting people, goods, services, and capital?
With Special Call to Action from President Bill Clinton
DRAFT V2.1

Hult International Business School Publishing 2015

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

Almost 1.5 billion people living in

crowded spaces worldwide are struggling.
People dont make enough money,
they cant reach where they need to be,
and they are living in unsafe spaces
that lack infrastructure and connection to
basic services.

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

TABLE OF
CONTENTS

Almost 1.5 billion people living in crowded spaces are struggling

Urbanization is continuing to drive people all over the world

into crowded spaces
Limited income damages individual prosperity
and broader economic productivity

Governments and NGOs are unable to increase income for the urban poor

Social enterprises may be the best option to address this issue

However, building successful social enterprises
in crowded spaces will be difficult

Can we build sustainable, scalable, and fast-growing social enterprises that

double the income of 10 million people living in crowded spaces by 2022
through better connecting people, goods, services and capital?
Addendum:
DRAFT v2.1

PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

BAN KI-MOON

People dont make enough money to

PAUL MASON

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

1.3 Billion

2 Billion
4 Billion

The Hult Prize targets consumers at the

Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) who live in
poverty and who earn some income with
which to pay for goods and services.
Most people who live in poverty are in
the base tiers of income. It is important
to note, however, that every country even developed countries - have people
living in poverty. In the United States
alone, an estimated 46.5 million people
live below the national poverty line and
struggle to get by.
PEOPLE CANT REACH WHERE
THEY NEED TO BE

CONNECTED PEOPLE:

ZHAN YOUBING

MA3ROUTE
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CONNECTED SERVICES:

COPIA GLOBAL

KALPANA SHARMA

CROWDED SPACES LACK

INFRASTRUCTURE AND BASIC
SERVICES

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

STRUCTURES ARE INFORMAL, DENSE, AND SOMETIMES UNSAFE

CONNECTED GOODS:

SARITHA RAI

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

Daily Life

Inside a Slum
Simultaneously, city borders continue to expand, creating
mega cities across the developed and emerging markets.
War and displacement have led to the largest global refugee
base of all time. This mega workforce however is sidelined
and pulling the global economy down even though many are
educated and have the skills, training and physical ability to
produce economic output.

Crowded spaces are difficult. As rural

populations around the world migrate to city
centers in pursuit of a better life, they often
add strain and hardship to both themselves
and the spaces they occupy.

SAGIRA, MUMBAI:
When we came here in 1972, we did not know where to fetch water. We
used to go to a hotel (restaurant) to have a cup of tea and bring a can of
water from there. After we settled down on a pavement we bought an
old 5-litre can for 25 paise(3) and filled it in the morning. We used to ask
around where a tap was working and we used to collect water there. If
that did not work we used to go to the JJ hospital morgue, bathe there
and fill our water containers. After we put up plastic sheet roofing on
the pavement we used to go to Kamathipura nearby to collect water
at the tap in the 14th lane. There, the people used to refuse to give us
water saying they have brought toilet cans! We did not understand
what they meant. Then a woman told me that it was because of the pots
that we carried to collect water. Then I bought a plastic bucket. If we
did not get water in the 14th lane we tried to get it in other lanes. We
used to go in search of water at 3:30 in the morning and collect three
or four handaas (an urn that can hold 1012 litres of water) by seven
oclock. If we did not get water we used to buy well water. Even now we
sometimes have to buy well water for five rupees per handaa. We buy
four or five handaas per day, just for cooking.
Local elections took place two months back. Our only demand was
water whoever gave us water would get our votes. We made ten boys
our spokesmen. The one with a bow and arrow (the symbol representing
the political party Shiv Sena) gave us two taps before the elections. Now
we have water. Those who had money spent 1,500 rupees or so extra
and got individual taps inside their shacks. I also got one. We have fixed
a rate of 20 or 15 rupees every month per family. These are unofficial
taps. We cannot get taps officially. We have filled in forms so many
times but the municipality throws them away. There is no provision for
giving water taps to pavement dwellers.

Poverty camps exist in all places of the world. Social welfare

dictates where the poor live, what schools children must
attend, and what types of services are available. Lack
of education and economic opportunity has created a
downward cycle of poverty which is difficult to break.
The interviews collected below by Meera Bapat and Indu
Agarwal give an inside perspective on what life is really like
in crowded urban spaces. These interviews were funded by
DANIDA, the Danish Governments bilateral aid agency.

REHMAT, MUMBAI:
We used to bathe and wash our clothes and vessels with water from the
textile mill. That was for free. Then the mill closed down and the water
stopped. That was a big problem. There was a water line passing under
our houses. Two or three of us thought that we should steal the water
by tapping into the pipe. Plumber Patel and I did it first five years ago.
The cost of a pipe and digging came to about 1,000 rupees.
Water came in the morning from 4 until 7 oclock. Alot of people came
to fill the water at the tap. There used to be a queue for water and we
used to charge 20 rupees per month per person. In a few days, the cost
of installing the tap for stealing the water was recovered. By then, many
other families wanted to have their own taps. So there were six or seven
more such taps and the municipality came to know about it. They
came with the police. But we had come to know that the municipality
people were coming and everybody shut their taps and concealed the
connections with stones. After the men left we filled the water. We then
placed a few people on the lookout for the inspector. After a few days,
we made friends with a person from the municipality. We asked him to
install a tap in our mosque and madarssa. He took about 600 rupees
from us and put in a tap. Now they come to disconnect our taps once
every month or two. Still, there are always two or three taps left. Also
the main tap is never disconnected. It is always there.

To avoid fights over water in our area, three boys organize everything.
Yashawant Jadhav gave 150 taps in all but each area got one or two.
Sophia Zubair Road (pavement settlement) has one, Dimtimkar has
two, Peer Khan has five or six. There was a big fight at the tap on the
corner and people began to beat each other. The municipality person
took away a hose pipe and a couple of handaas. The boys rushed to
Yashawant Jadhav who sorted out the problem. Since then the boys
have supervised things.

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KHATRABAI LONDHE
I live in Jaibhavani Nagar on Parvati Hill. It is part of a very large slum
area. My shack is near the top of the hill. Until seven years ago, there
was no piped water supply anywhere in the settlement. There were just
three water taps near the toilets. We also used the water from the canal
that lies at the bottom of the hill.(7) A strip of land on both sides
of the canal belongs to the government (irrigation department). I used to
get up in the morning and first bring two handaas of water from the taps
near the toilets. Sometimes, the toilets would get blocked and nobody
did anything to get them repaired. Filthy water used to collect near the
urinals. And we had to fill the water in all that mess. There used
to be flies and insects flying all around. They would fall in the water.
There are neither paved pathways in our settlement nor are there
properly laid out drains. People have made trenches to carry off the
wastewater. When my children were small, they used to follow me when
I went to fetch the water. Sometimes, they would fall into the trenches.
So, half my attention was on my children. In addition to this worry was
the anxiety to get to work on time.
Men used to wash clothes near the taps and make us wait for a long
time before we could fill our handaas. Men bathing near the taps would
soap themselves and deliberately shake their heads vigorously so that
the soap lather used to fly all around and fall in the water as we filled
our handaas. They used to say all kinds of vulgar things to us. It was
so humiliating! We would ask them to move aside and let us fill our
handaas, but they never listened. In order to avoid having to face this, I
used to go much further to another housing area to get water.
After the elections, I thought we would get water taps. But nothing
happened. Politicians come to us when they canvass for elections and
then they disappear. Then Mahila Milan was started in our slum. Several
of us came together. We realized that we would have to try to get water
connections ourselves. Before that we expected the local councillor to
do everything for us. But he did not get us water. We met the municipal
commissioner. He was very helpful and understanding. After we lobbied
for months and made repeated visits to the municipal offices, pipes
were laid and taps fitted, but they remained dry. After another wait and
more visits to the municipal ward office, we finally got water. When
we opened the stopcock and water came out with force, women and
children were absolutely overjoyed. This was seven years ago. Over the
last year, however, we have had very little water in our area. It is difficult
to get even a few handaas of water for drinking. To do our washing we
have to go all the way down to the canal. Going down the slippery slope
to the canal is quite hazardous.
Our settlement extends for a few kilometres on the hill slope along the
canal. At the far end there are no water taps. Women fill water that
comes out of the air valves fitted on another canal that has been closed
with a concrete slab. They have to walk quite a distance to reach the
points where the valves have been fitted. Even though this water is
not treated, they have to use it for drinking also. Climbing up the steep
slope from the canal to the pathway with two or three handaas of
water balanced on the head and then up the hill to their shacks is quite
a precarious task. Every morning and evening, you can see several
women and young girls going to fetch the water and returning with
handaas perched on their heads. There are no toilets in our settlement.
We go up on the hill for defecating. Women go on one side and men
on the other. We go at night under the cover of darkness. There are no
lights up there. It is quite scary. When we go, we call out to others so
that three or four of us can go together. In the rainy season it is difficult
to walk there

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

JYOTI BHENDE:
I used to live in Indiranagar in Ghatkopar. Our rooms were demolished
because a road was built there. So we came here in 1985. Many other
people also came. When we came, there were only four or five houses.
It was desolate and quite scary. We filled up the swamp and built our
shacks. It cost us a lot of money to get several truckloads
of debris to reclaim the land. Last year, the municipal corporation filled
up more area.
In those days, we had to get water from Mankhurd station. We had to
walk through the slush and mud. It used to take us an hour to walk back
with water pots on our heads. If we did not get water there, we used to
go to other places like Bainganwadi and Shivajinagar. We had to fetch
enough water for drinking and washing. The water here is saline. At high
tide, the water level used to rise and our houses used to get submerged.
This used to happen several times a year. Now that the whole area has
been reclaimed we do not have this problem. Five or seven years ago
we got water taps. They were provided from the MLA (member of the
Legislative Assembly provincial assembly) funds.(4) But those taps
are dry. Because the pipeline passes through the marshy area, it is
rusted. Some people have paid the money and have secured their own
water supply. Some people go near the bridge to fetch water. It takes
ten minutes to walk there. MHADA(Maharashtra Housing and Area
Development Authority) is doing some work there. Pipes have broken
and several people bring water from there. Even that water is not
free. There is always someone sitting there who charges one rupee for
a handaa of water. Anyone can take charge of water and collect money.
Even I can do that.
I need 15 or 16 handaas of water every day. When we wash bed sheets,
blankets etc., we need to buy water worth nearly 50 rupees. There are
times when we do not get water for a couple of days in a row. Then we
get it from Shivajinagar, Mohite Patilnagar or Shantinagar. It takes half
an hour to reach Shivajinagar. Shantinagar is even further. We have to
go on the highway. Sometimes the water is dirty. It has a foul smell.
There are always fights for water, particularly if women try to jump the
queue. Then complaints are registered with the police. We have met our
councillor many times to ask him to get us more water. He promises to
look into our problem. So far he has done nothing. We also went on a
protest march to the municipality. But nothing has changed here.
A toilet block is under construction at present. Until now, we have used
open land for defecating men go on one side and women on the other.
People passing by can see women squatting. The day before yesterday,
an old woman went out to defecate at seven in the evening and a man
came from behind and grabbed her. A few of us generally go together
for the toilet. Men hide behind the bushes and watch women when they
are squatting. If they see a woman alone, they creep in and molest her.
In the past, we met the councillor many times and told him about the
circumstances in Sathenagar. But for years nothing happened.

SHALINI SADASHIV MOHITE:

I am the secretary of the Mahila Mandal (womens group) in Omkar
Society. There are around 3,000 families that live in this settlement. Two
years ago, groups of 1015 families collected money and each group
got a water connection. For the past six months, we have no water at
all in these taps. We have complained to the municipal office, and they
have promised to connect our taps to a different water line, but nothing
has been done so far. Now we buy water for drinking, washing, bathing,
everything; we pay ten rupees or more for water every day. We buy it in
Bainganwadi or Shivajinagar and other such areas. It takes about half an
hour to walk there and come back. Some people go there on bicycles
and bring four cans at a time. Those who do not have bicycles hire them
for two or three rupees or bring water in autorickshaws (three-wheeler
hooded vehicles used as taxis). The people from whom we buy water
have tapped water lines going into buildings there, and have put pumps
to draw water. Some have put hosepipes from there to here and sell
water to individual families at 100 rupees a month. There is no toilet in
this whole area. Men and women from the settlement squat along the
road. Women do not go after six in the morning.
They wait for the cover of darkness. We even eat less so that we do not
need to relieve ourselves during the daytime because we do not have
proper toilets. Now some toilets are being built here. We tried to get our
MLA(member of the provincial Legislative Assembly) and the local
coun- cillor to build toilets for us, but they said they did not have funds.
We went to Apanalaya (an NGO) who told us to go to SPARC. And now
SPARC is building these toilets.

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

Urbanization is continuing
to drive people all over the
world into crowded spaces

I have nothing

REFUGEE ACTION

70
Population (B)
Urban(%)

2005

2015

2025

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MEGACITIES:

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

CITY

COUNTRY

POPULATION
(ESTIMATES)

SLUM

ADJACENT CITY

POPULATION
(ESTIMATES)

CAMP

FLEEING
MOSTLY FROM

POPULATION
(ESTIMATES)

SLUMS:

REFUGEE CAMPS:

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Limited Access in
the Gaza Strip
Key Facts:

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

The Gaza Strip - is one of the most crowded

and least built-up urban environments in the
world today, with a population of 1.7m and
density of almost ten thousand people per
square mile within a relatively flat area.
This is exacerbated by population growth rates and restrictions
on the movement of goods, services, and people within
and across its borders, preventing the proper planning and
development of a functioning city that provides accommodation,
sanitation, health, education, and food to its residents.

Restrictions on the movement of people (

<200/day on avg in H12013) and goods (<1
truckload per day in H1 2013) across and
within the Gaza strip (1 official functioning
crossing in 2013) continue to impact its 1.7m
residents by reducing access to livelihoods,
essential services, and housing

Population growth has put pressure on

ailing health, education, water (25% of
households receive running water every day,
90% of extracted water unsafe for human
consumption), and sanitation services (90m
litres of treated and untreated sewage are
dumped in the sea each day)

The volume of construction materials that

entered Gaza via underground tunnels
in 2013 was over 3x the amount allowed
through the crossing.

Access to land within 300 meters from

the fence surrounding Gaza is generally
prohibited and access to farming areas
beyond is risky.

Power outages (up to 12hrs/ day) and

external trade restrictions discourage
investment, prevent sustainable growth, and
perpetuate high levels of unemployment
(34% of able and willing) and food insecurity
(57% of households)

Fishermen are allowed to access less than

one third of the fishing areas allocated to
them under the Oslo Accords: six out of 20
nautical miles.

Entrepreneurial Opportunities

in Rio de Janeiro
Rio De Janeiro has an
estimated population 6.35
million, making it the second
largest city in Brazil, third
largest metro area in South
America, and 6th largest in
the Americas.
The city has a population density of
12,380 people per square mile. Almost
one in four people 1.4 million in total
live in urban slums (up from 13% in
1970s). Although per capita income
has doubled since 2000, many entering
the labor markets are illiterate, making
it challenging for businesses and the

government to provide employment.

Between 2008 and 2009, there were
14,057 entrepreneurial ventures in
the Rochina and Maguinhos slum
communities of Rio, but only 1,083
(7%) operated in the formal sector. The
other 93% of ventures operated in the
unregulated, informal economy.
Local police, called Pacifying Police
Units (UPPs), have been brought in
to improve security in 28 of Rios
slums. The results have led to a 75%
decrease in the number of violent
deaths, a 15% increase in property
prices between 2006 and 2011
attributed to these units, and an
increase in the revenues of business
located in the slum communities.
These sorts of interventions attract
direct foreign investment and make the
area more enticing for entrepreneurs
and local businesses.

Former fisherman and musician David Vieira

Bispo, a resident in the Chapu Mangueira slum
community in Leme, had taken the name of the
community to other regions of the country and
even abroad. About two and a half years ago, he
decided to open a pub with his name.
We were the first pub in the slum community
to compete for prizes of gastronomy, he says
proudlythe appetizers won prizes. Today, I
recognize myself as an entrepreneur. Davids
Pub creates jobs. The slum is no longer the ugly
duckling of the city. People feel that this is an area
society has reclaimed.
Rio is attracting large foreign direct investment
(US$ Million)
7000
Brazil

5000

Rio City

0
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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

Higher Employment and Higher

Poverty in Columbus, Ohio
Poverty is not limited to the
developing world. Although
the average incomes are
higher in Europe and the
United States, higher costs
of living mean that income
may still leave families
homeless, struggling to
afford food, or unable to pay
for critical medical care.

In Columbus, Ohio, for example, simply

creating jobs has not led to a reduction
in the poverty level. The regions
unemployment rate is about 5.9% and
has been falling for the last several
years. However, despite more people
being employed, the poverty rate has
not changed or dropped below 18%.
People living in the city and working
full-time on a minimum wage job will
earn about $15,000 per year. In order
to cover the costs of living in the city
from rent, to transportation, to food
it is estimated that a family with two
adults and one child in Columbus would
need almost $40,000 per year.

The data shows that employment alone

is not the solution to lifting people out of
poverty. Jobs that dont cover the cost
of living are not an adequate solution.
Poor quality, low-paying jobs are still
not helping people pay for what they
need. The real solution is to create
opportunities to generate more and
sufficient income to be able to afford
the cost of basic services.
Solutions to this years challenge of
crowded urban environments, whether
focused on the US or otherwise, must
focus on enabling poor communities
to better connect and create value in
the form of high enough incomes that
enable them to rise above the poverty
level wherever they reside.

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

CONNECTED SERVICES:

Limited income damages

individual prosperity
and broader economic
productivity

URSULA GRANT

97.3 Million Urban Poor

Indonesia
93.2 Million Urban Poor

United States

55.7 Million Urban Poor

Mexico
49.7 Million Urban Poor

China

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Demand Pull

16

OPPORTUNITY
SERVICES

JOBS
Supply Push

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

CONNECTED SERVICES:

DESPERATION
FAMINE

WAR

MICHAEL MURPHY

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

Fairchild 8:

The Economic
Opportunity Cluster
Our hope is to empower 10 million
crowded urban space dwellers to break
the cycle of poverty through finding new
and innovative ways to connect them with
not only the basic necessities of human
life, but also with the opportunities which
enable them to take ownership of their
own destinies. These opportunities may
exist locally and are in need of scale or
may need to be conceived from scratch
as micro-enterprise startups. One thing
we know is that solutions need to be bold
and challenge previous decades of ideas
and programs which dont seem to be
of the right size or scale, and have yet to
unlock the ability to break poverty.
Increasing incomes through
entrepreneurship is a viable supplyside tool to provide crowded urban
space dwellers with access to alternate,

additional, or greater principal sources

of income, allowing them to more
rapidly scale out of poverty. Beyond
the individual entrepreneur and his
family, research has shown that a
single successful entity in one area can
effectively spawn an entire village of
entrepreneurs and startups.
In fact, research conducted in 2014 by
Endeavour shows that the some of the
greatest entrepreneurial ecosystems
of today were in fact started by one
successful company (or a few), which
then served to launch a wave of startups.
Whether examining Silicon Valleys
growth in relation to the original founders
of Fairchild Semiconductors, the
Traitorous 8 alone led to the spinoff of
31 firms in just 12 years or the amazing
interconnectedness of the Buenos

Aires Tech Sector, where a few key

startups lead to an entire ecosystem to
emerge, the role of entrepreneurship and
innovation is fundamental. It only takes
one idea to build a valley - to date, 92
public companies, totaling over US$2.1
Trillion in value can be tracked back to
Fairchild.
The concept of economic opportunity
clusters created around one or a few
successful entities can be applied to
crowded urban spaes, turning a otherwise
depressed village into a work force that
drives economic empowerment and
inclusive economic growth engine.

The Creation of Silicon Valley

The Buenos Aires Tech Sector

Fairchild founders spunoff 92 public companies in 58 years

A few key startups lead to an entire ecosystem

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

MARCO KAMIYA
AND JON-ANDREAS SOLBERG

PROFITS BYPASS MARKET FORCES

SIDE SOLUTIONS PROVIDING

SERVICES AND DISTRIBUTIVE
EQUALITY

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON

PROFIT
MINDED

MARKET
DRIVEN

IMPACT
CENTERED

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

However, building
successful social
enterprises in crowded

BANDWIDTH IS A LIMITED, SCARCE

RESOURCE

TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS ARE

DIFFICULT TO ACCESS

MANY PEOPLE DONT HAVE

ENOUGH TRAINING

SOME PRIVATE SECTOR SOLUTIONS

EXPLOIT CONSUMERS AND
WORKERS

PLAYPUMPS: TROUBLED
WATER

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MISSION PRINCIPLES
ENSURE SOCIAL ENTERPRISE
EFFECTIVENESS

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

ASSETS MUST BE ABLE TO

BEAR RISK

SOLUTIONS NEED TO CONSIDER

CULTURE AND GENDER BIASES

FINANCES MUST BE EFFICIENT

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

Can we build sustainable, scalable,

and fast-growing social enterprises that
double the income of 10 million
people living in crowded spaces by
2022 by better connecting people,
goods, services, and capital?
CONNECTING SERVICES:

CONNECTING CAPITAL:

CONNECTING PEOPLE:

CONNECTING GOODS:

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

Guiding Questions
More Income

Better Outcomes

More Empowering

Better Connectivity

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

Addendum:

Building successful
social enterprises
Companies who are able to think broadly and holistically about
the entire business innovation value chain are more likely to be
able to capture and create value. Social enterprises developed
for the Hult Prize, like Aspire Food Group, Nanohealth, and
IMPCT.co, have worked across these segments to design and
spaces. They are working on the ground, today, to produce at
and networks to capture new value in new ways.

do the same?

DEVELOP STRONG
CHANNELS

BUILD ENTERPRISES
WITH LOCAL PARTS AND
KNOWLEDGE

CONNECT PEOPLE,
GOODS, SERVICES, AND
CAPITAL

UNDERSTAND YOUR
CONSUMERS

CREATE VALUE

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

Value creation and greater income

generation in crowded urban spaces
through better interconnectedness
between capital, goods, services, and
people can be achieved in many ways.
The examples on the following two pages should serve
as a guide to 3 potential avenues:
a) establishing a micro-franchise through industry creation (Aspire),
b) empowering every day dwellers to become income
generators (NanoHealth), and
c) scaling and training existing entrepreneurs (IMPCT).

Aspire Food Group:

Creating Value by Sparking an Industry
and Launching Micro-Franchises
Almost 1 billion people worldwide lack
food security. They struggle to provide
enough safe and nutritious food to their
families. Every day, they work hard
to pull together the best meals they
can, but over time, malnutrition has a
significant effect on quality of life and
health. In addition, as people continue
to move from rural to urban areas, they
find that they dont have adequate skills
to find work, and are pushed into slums.
Aspire Food Group utilizes an innovative
solution to create more nutritious
insect-based food options, more than
double income for small entrepreneurs,
and create a more sustainable food

value chain from beginning to end. They

train and empower entrepreneurs to
be able to farm their own insects, feed
their families, and increase their income.
Aspire empowers entrepreneurs and
employs thousands of individuals
who would otherwise not have a
job. Whether an injured retiree or an
adolescent struggling to make ends
meet, Aspire provides both with more
than ten times the income by better
connecting know-how, entrepreneurs,
consumers, and nutritious food.
Insects need ten times less feed than
cattle to produce the same amount of
protein and are thus a cost effective,

nutritious option. The United Nations

has recognized Aspire as providing a
viable potential solution to the global
food crisis. Many residents of slums in
Ghana, for instance, a pilot location for
Aspire Foods Group, suffer from severe
iron deficiencies (70% of pregnant
women). 100 grams of Palm Weevil
Larvae, a key product of the company,
has the daily recommended intake of
Iron.
Aspire has spawned an entirely new
industry poised to rapidly scale around
the world and have significant impact
on the lives of people living in urban
slums.

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NanoHealth:
Creating Value by
Providing Sufficient Income

More than half of patients with diabetes

and hypertension in the urban slums
of India remain undiagnosed, as there
is no population level mass screening
program, doctors and hospitals are
often located hours away from the
patient (full day or more just to visit
creates financial disincentive), and slum
dwellers dont have the financial means
to afford the doctors visit. This leads
to under-diagnosis, poor treatment,
and poor prescription compliance,
which, in turn, mean greater aggravation
of the disease and eventually premature death.

NanoHealth addresses this problem

by offering a cost-effective and scalable
model to tackle the growing burden
of chronic diseases in urban slum
locations across the world. Their
Doc-in-a-Bag product allows the
rapid and accurate diagnosis of disease
to take place on-site and cheaply, thus
preventing the patient from having to
visit the doctor at all unless diagnosed.
Patients no longer have to make the
difficult choice between taking a day
or more off of work, or paying expensive
doctors fees, and improving their
health.

NanoHealth is able to achieve the above

by creating, employing, and training a
network of community health workers
called Saathis, and providing them
with a low cost point-of-care device.
These Saathis form a strong network of
community health workers, extending
the reach of the health system right
to the patients doorstep. In addition,
Nanohealth is able to double and
sometimes triple their employees
incomes; many of these Saathis were
previously untrained and uneducated
community members with access only
to the lowest paying jobs. With the
combination of the right care model,
scalable technology, and impactcentered approach, NanoHealth aims to
prevent one million pre-mature deaths
every year while significantly increasing
incomes in the areas they operate in.

IMPCT:
Creating Value by Enabling Existing Entrepreneurs
Millions of children in urban slums are
currently sitting idle in unsafe informal
daycare centers run by existing
entrepreneurs who have no training or
adequate resources. Parents are willing
to pay almost 20% of their monthly
income to these informal daycares
in order to be able to work. In Latin
America alone, there are an 200,000
such informal daycares with on average
4 kids each charging $2 / day which
means that $1.6m are spent every day
on childcare services.
By scaling up the quality and capacity
of these informal structures, IMPCT

hopes to enable more parents to

work while their children receive high
quality early education. By identifying
talented existing entrepreneurs and
providing them with the capital (donors),
know-how (Training), and curriculum
(Montessori) to build and run a
successful daycare with more students,
IMPCT allows these young mostly
female entrepreneurs to double or triple
their previous income, while better
connecting children and parents to high
quality, dependable, and safe daycare
services. On average, mothers earn
between $80-120 per month with their
informal daycares. Owning an IMPCT

Playcare, on the other hand, pays a

salary and profit share that averages
$220 per month. IMPCTs first teacher
Alma, for example, went from making
$80 with her informal daycare to $300 in
her first month running her Playcare
IMPCT has already reached more
than 9m people with hundreds of
major media appearances across
three continents. They have convinced
50 companies representing 65,000
employees to develop matched
investment programs on their platform,
and engaged 750 donors from 45
countries to build their first playcare.
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PROFESSOR ROB ANTHONY

AHMAD ASHKAR

KARIM SAMRA

KRISTEN TYRRELL

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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