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Handlooms
Haml"ooms, the largest cottage industry ranks in importance 'next only to agriculture in
employment. potential. It provides employment to 20 million people which is twenty times
of people employed in milUndustry. Besides direct emp.'oyment to weavers, this industry
100 generates indirect employment 10 loom manufacturers, dyers, twisters, warpers, sizers,
processors and printers leaving aside those engaged in spinning mills. The twofold objec'
tives for the development of this industry include provision. of continued employment and .
an .assured and steady income. to the weavers ill the cooperative fold. These objectives are achieved by forming new cooperatives, providing assistance for organising,
common worksheds for loomless workers, revitalising the existing cooperatives; strengtf,ening the equity base of weavers' societies in the State: providing marketing support and
supplying inputs incfuding cheaper credit.
\.
Vol. XXXI
No.9
Editorial
".~
Hurukshelra
\
CONTENTS
CAN IT LlVIPROVERURAL
INCOME DISTRIBUTION
R. lli. Tewari and Kanwar Prakash :Chand
10
IMPORTANCE OF FEASmlLlTY
STUDIES IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT
IRDP:
Ilaunched
NTEGRATE~
RURAL
UE~ELO.PMENT
PROGRAMME
was
P. N. Pande
12
14
17
Rayappa
20
EDITOR
RATNA JUNEJA
ASSTT. EDITOR
N.
N.
SHARMA
SuB-EDITOR
PARAM.TEET
.TlVAN ADt\LJA
387983
-'. ----.:r'"...,..~,~---
__
~_----
SUBSCRIPTION
.
.
:1 While the programme is definitely making headway
I
and identification, <;Ifbeneficiaries among the rural poor
.
~
.
has h~lped generate, an initiative to work for a better
standard of life among the rural poor, there is a feeling, though at an' academic level, that IRDP despite
all its ..benevolent intentions, is gradually heading towards becoming an 'another programme administered
by the Government'.
G. STNGH
COVER
,;4
'
..
"
of M~gemeDt
CHAND
. 1
The capability Of the strategy of 'remedial action',
that IRDP signifies, to render 'basic chauges' in the
rural scenario Le.} its effectiveness
for improving
the
viable;
2
Now the concept of "integration" is being ope.rationa1ised at the field level: is it integration of
economic activities of the farmer to render him
'viable' or to develop a 'common agency to assist for '
alI sorts of programmes inventoried in. the Mauu~'
. on IRDP issued by the Government of India.
In other words, it seeks to examine the behaviour
of the organisation, let alone of the'policy, vis-a-vis
,its adequacy to attain the goals.
Scope,-Data ,for this paper pertains to one IRDPblock located in the geographical belt of the Chotanagpur and Santhal Parganas, a predominentIy tribal
: belt, forest-dependent.cconomy,
The block chosen for
. KURUKSHETRA
February 1, 198~
'::::~ns.-Data
presented in this slndy should be
taken 'to represent a 'trend' and not 'absolute' dimension of the phenomenon. For draWing out conclusions" the following facts be borne in mind :
~~to
raise families in the identified' target groups,
abOve tqe poverty line; poverty line defined, in
3
is
' ..
..
Methodology
NE MORE l'ACET 'of the IRDP, that is the strategy.
.
for IRDP, deserves mention before we elaborate
the methQdolbgy for evaluating the effectiveness of the
organisation and procedures. The strategy in short is
as below:
...
employrilent. :. . -
Rural Youth
for self~,
. .
c-
occupation
We
into
-,-the Bank has to follow it up for proper utilisation of the lOan and consequential recovery;
-the IRDP-Block (st~iI) is to render the sup'por1/services/t~hnical advice etc.. suchwise that
the 'assisted family' is enable to break4hrough the
poverty trap; monitoring of additi'oital income
generated in the case of "each" participant will
be futile without apparent gains.
The practice. thus far has been to assist ihe beneficiaries in the acquisition of agricultural implements
etc, as 'single' item assistance Le., a purnpset, 31 pair
of bullocks and so on and so forth.' Acceptance of
requests for assistance to buy bullocks and pumpsets
was 100 per ~ent; maximum request Were for jJiggety
and goattery and for those rejections Wer substantial
(40 per cent). Reasons assigned by the bank for re"'
jecting those were that the beneficiaries are either
located at a far away place from the bank anp/or the
bene.ficiar~f.iled to offer accepi..ble securities' to the
6
\.
ASPECTS.
1
Irrespective of the fact whether the. assistance was
.rendered for piggery, goatery or to a village artisan
in AL,MF, and SF group, improvement in their
income was positive, though not substantial or relatively significanit;they 'continued to remain non-.~ ..
viable and below the poverty line.
.
an operative
OR WANT'OF
3 .
Even in this Plateau region, Programme's assistance
t'o farming and farm-borne activities generated higher
\.
set, a pair of bullocks. Since those .requi.reoperational holdings, all of the. AL and a .sizable portion
of the MF group' can hope.notto benefit. Provision
of a pump-set helped to make viable. farme.r 'more
comfortable in that scale; renti~g out the pumpset
added to the. incremental value.
).
,
to AL and
the futility 6f rendering 'some' assistance
...
MFs etc. in the re,ginn.
Elimination of unemployment and under-employment and eradication of po~erty, amOJig landless AL
. :~.and MF groups, suggest' diversification .. in occupation
:as well in occupation-mix. It"is realised, that considerable diversion froin the farm to the non-farm' sectors,
as supplementary or I complimentary to the eXisting
agricullural activities, is imperative.. Since TRYSEM,
and for that reason, ISH"thrust as a. whole. is yet to
gain 'momentum, we do not propose to evaiuate their
relevance. , What we' propose is t'o examine the environment of occupational changes as experienced by
the beneficiary. consequent to IRDP. Below noted
observations are based on data in 'Table.4 which iives'
out the da\a for two periods i.e. change in the beneficiaries main occupation from those of their parerits,
and changes 'in pre- and post-IRDP periods :
/-
'.
as
STATED
EARLiER,
"
lnferences
OF lRDP is a function
of two
basis 'inputs, ie. programme ma~ager's ability to
identify a 'package' that would render the beneficiary
viable; and the effectiveness with which the support
system is geared to service that end. " Experience in
this region belies both the expectations. What could
be the probable reasons?
This research sugoests
~O
certain causes. let those be called hypotheses; in terms
of organisational behaviour; ..those are :
.
FFECTIVENESS
an
C. lRDP-Organisatioll:
the field level organi-,
sa~ion and'the programme authorities :
consider rendering 'some- sort' of assistance
. adnrinistratively convenient. (and/or advisable)
than servicing an integrated package;
are ill-equipped to formulate family-oriented
project profiles. hence preference to give a stan. dard remedial capsule, unmindful to deficiencies;
'~
" KURUKSHETRA
February 1, 1983
IRD's delivery system as a whole, a problem that 'probably runs common in India to the
whole gamut of organisational and management struc-.
ture interface .with the rural sector, deserve a fresh.
look. S. K.. Dey's observation,' viewed in the light
N BRIEF,
TABU'!
"
IRDP-assisted Activities and Economic Gain in the Pre and Post Assistance Pe~iods...
Rs.
-------
Rural
",Indicators
Goat/ery
Artisan
Note:
.hggery
MF
SF
AL
MF
125'8
715.7
18.7
359.7
54.0
300"0
72.0
220.0
106.7
266.z
30.0
32.5
-32.5
46'3
-18.7
35'7
-'29 .3
.41.0
-24.0
20.8
--4.('2
27.1
-37'9
SF
108.0
360.0
-140.0
_180.0
22.6
-'42.4
26.3
-18.i
E
J.
2.
TABLE II
Per Capita Per Month Income of the Beneficiaries from all sources after IRDP Assistance to AgricUlture
(in Rs.)
Pumpset
Bullocks
SF
Ai Differen!'Jntel'es~ Rates
MF
Per
Ca'pita
-Income
. 1. Interest at the rate of 4 % on the. loan
2.. Interest at the ra~e-of 4 % on th~ loa~n + Subsidy
3. 'Interest at the ratc'of 14 % on the loan
4. Tnterest at the rate of 14% on the lo'an + Subsidy
.
Note:
87.4
(43'5)
86'3
+22'4
+ 2t .3
~~
82.8
(38.9)
78.7
(34'8)
+ 17.8
+ 13.7
"
Pet
Capita
Income
30.7
(4'9)'
30 '5'
~m
29.5
(3 '7)
28.8
(3 '0)
SF
E.
-34'3
-34'5
--'-35.5
-36'2
Per
. Capita
Income
.49-6
(Ii '9)
49.4
(12m
48'3
(ll '6)
47.5
(10'8)
E
-15
-4
-15,6
.:....16.7
....,17'5
Excess (+) 'o~-Deficit (...:.-)of the 'per ~apita income cO\:erthe poverty line (Rs. 65f- per capita/month).
----In case of IDflrginal farmers 'other sources' of income were greater than income from activities assisted under. IRDp.
n'ot as much yet quite substantially true for small farmers aiso.
'.
.'
Value of farm output is net of paid .out costs .only; same for the incremental value of output i:e., value of additional
production (post-IRDP value less Pre-IRDP value) is net of paid au.! costs'only ..
Figures in brac~et~ indicate .the in<:re~entai.income generated through th~ IRpP assisted component only~
The Truth and The Myth, Kur/(kshe/~~ . Vol. XXVIII, No. 1 (l~n9),p.
KU~UKSiIETRA
27.
February 1, 1983'
.
TABLEffi
'~
Indicators
'
BuRocks .
Pumpset
+'22.7
+ 58.5 "
"+.12.2
+27.5
-;
+ 22)')
+ 51.8
+ 266.7
+53 .8
+ 75.3
+25.9
+ 10.0
+ 15.1
+92.)
SF
MF
SF
1. Net Area Sown
(11'0
+20.0
+2.8
+9'1
.8
+ 27i
+81"6
+ 3.6
+ 1.4
+ 21.2
TABLE IV
Occupational
as . of the
,
'(Per cent)
Occupational Combination
occupati~n
A -
t6 AL
to Ru;al
Artisan'
16.7
50"0
33.3
53 .3
80.0
100.0
1. Cultivation
2. AL
3. -Rural Artisan
4. Service
5. Trade and Business
6. Over-all Status for No Change
100.0
71 .0
77'8"
87.5
83 .3
5Q"0
66.7
78.6
, I
,(
EX~ERiENCE
OF SOCIAL,
ECONO:rv~lC
AND .POLITICfL
I,
.!
and 'fol1milation of
, , variouS"development;lprogrammes
in rural areas,
it 'is generally and widely felt that the targets and
objectives of these plans have not been fulJiJled, The
desired, level bf development could not be achieved.
There may be many reasons for' which we. could not
obtain lhedetermined .targets of programmes. There
is a need to have a feed-bacK' system for which it
would be possible to compare' tIie output of develop~
ment with jnputs utiliUct in it. 'The development
plan that is formulated for implementing a projcct can
be based upon its feasibility in terms of economic
,viability and so~ial acceptability.. To make the development process more effective and productive, there
is ~eed to have survey ~echanism in terms of feasibility study;input-outpur
analysis, need context and
its consequential impact on environment. The developmel,lt plans in rural India cover two broad aspects :
thc first aspect covers' strutural change in over-aIl)-,
rural life and the second aspect relates to target'
groups of'rural commuruty. An emergence of strucN 'SPiTE OF'IMPLEMENTATION
tural differentiation
and integr~tion
(social,
economic
!]laterial' base for further production so .'that the, economy may achievc a path of seif-reliant economy.
Any kind of strategy'for rural development and village
uplifjment 'is, necessarily associated with productivity.
negative'
correlation.
progress taking place but also the potential for continued progress in future.
KURUKSHETRA
February I, 1983
rr
HE TERM ':FEASIBILITY
STUDY"has many connolatIOns In Its broader aspect. Normally, it ,is an'
analysis to determine, whether a given course of action
is possible, practical, suitable and workable or. not ?
Feasibility study covers a broad spectrum of possible
:~ applications and, alternative procedures or methods,
'\ The term feasibility can be defined as "capable of
_being used or de<llt with successfully". Feasibility
study is a guide for proper implementation of schemes
or programmes of development and effective utilization
of available resources (man and material) which offer
maximum income and employment opportunities
compatible with the region's resources. The potential
resources can be identified through a general inventory
survey method or by developing input-output model
for a region. Ample occasions of more production
remain untapped due to lack of knowledge (information) a!?<'uttheir feasibility.
.i
Feasibility studies are more explicitly treated ir! the
/~. rural development research. Rural development research consists of selection of area. survey, investigations and basle feasibility studies in any field of discipline and which may develop many facts, scientific and
technical
knowledge;
new innuvations
for
opporturiities have been identified for a particular region the subsequent task is to design feasibility study
of a specific venture. N1 investment is made only after
,either an' informal or formal inve~tigation has been
made of the .feasibility of the propo~ed venture.
Components of study
.
,
OR EXAMPLEA FEASIBILITY
study on a proposed
manufacturing decision .can be viewed in three
major components, such as the supply of raw material
used in' manufacturing, the manufacturing operation
and 'marketing of the product. A feasibility study on
an 'agricultural processing operation relates to these
components: (a) availability and costs of raw product
supplies; (b) the technical engineering components of
the plant; (c) associated input-output data; and (d)
the demand for the particul.ar product.
~~
"
~'-
~.
;
~- .. j
>
.~,"~
..
,-
~.
."
v.,,,
G, .MALLIKARJIlNAYY A
..
....
..
"-','
. ~.
A:.l-~~~f:iaJ~~~Y~~\'~~'\~~il~tta:f~t~n:e;~
lines ~uggested by Baiwantnu Mehta, it has not made
any notable progress., After a lapse of J1 years, .eleclions ,(0 the .Panchayati Raj b.adies )Vere condu'cte.d'in
1981. The Chairman of Zila' ParisJiads:and,Presidents .
of Panchayat Samithis who were;eleCted have felttl;at
they .are di"e.st~ of powers which are' enshrined in the
B~lwanthii Mehta COD;uilitteeRepoit.This
paper is
fbcussed mainly on the working of Zila Parlshads and
Panchayat Samithis and attempts to study their problems. The autlior met so~e of the chairmen of"Zila
Parishads 'and Presidents of Panchayat Samithis and
exchanged opinions .a:t random, regarding the working
of Panchayati Raj inStitutions in some asl'eCls in, ilie
S~at.eand the artic1"" therefore, lacks sysretbatic treiit~
ment' of iiie."subjeet..' c: ',':.: ,""
.. ,: ' . .,.. ' :
:'-,":-:-:";: :.'.: .
":'
.:",':;;
~;.-<~~.
The' fust .problem that was. discussed was the District Selection Coinmittee and Coinmittees" of Zilli
PilTishads. The Government. constitutes' , for" each
District' a SeleCtion Cocim;ttee for the putpose""6i
seieCting:'p,;rsonneP to."serve: .in ":ihe"'Pahchayati .Raj
institutions and the Cominittee consists of the .Chilirman of the Zila Plirishad, Chief Executive Office-rand
one. member elected by ",~mbers of the Zila Parishad
~o.m' among themsel~e~~l~.
.
.
, ,.
HE
SELECTION
COMMlTTE~
~.
_-:"~:;:~
~:i~
_',,~.;::-.;'.~
_,';
',)
':.-'~
: -.
., : -,:
.'
tee instead:of,theDistrict
Collector who can be tJ1ade- '
t1i"ome,;;'b~r:. the,Coinmittee to keep .him abreas.t
,,(ihe de~elopmenis'o~ changes that take place in the
District. on' the analogy of the Municipal Corporation
of Hyderabad 'where ,the selection Cimmittee consists
of the Municipal Coinmissioner, who invariably hap'
pens to be an LA.S, Officer. the Additional Commis~
sioner orDep~ty: Coiiuniisioner;theChairman
of the
Standing Corn.initte and the Mayor as the Chairman
of the Selection Committee, Moreover, the Andhra
Pradesh Panchayat Samitliis and Zi1a Parishads' Act,
1959 isillso silent as regards the Chairman of the \..
Seledion Committee. In this context, it is not out oJf
place to menlion. here that Chairman' of the Zila Parisha~ j~ not the 'C~afri:nan of all qoinmittees except
ihe 'StaTiiiing'ComIDitt2e 'riii-' Finance.' In order to
enable. the Chairman "or: the Zila' Parishad to' .be in
to~ch with a 'variety of rural developmental activities
it is desir~ble-th~t 'ihe:Chai~n
'of theZila Panshad
be n'-adeCh~imlan ~f'all. StaIiding' Cominittees. The.
slaius of the C6mmittees also increases if the 'Chairman
is cio,iely' assOCiated"With 'them as'. theii--Chairman.
Mbreo~er,
'who' i~ " member lif the~
. "
. _. when'.;;':
.. Sarp~rich
~..- .
Panchayat. Samithihappens to be the Chairman of its
Stqndjng'Committee, theie is no point why the Chairman .or Zila Parlishad.is riot made the ,Chairman of
ail' its Standing Commit,tees,
,);
or'
'.
~.'
,,-,
.'
12
~," ~
cropped
up
the
was
)'ati Raj bodies, In developmental activities like housing' programme, ,school building, drinking water, etc,
the Chairman of the Zila Parlshad is required to have
a voice and therefore, .he should be closely associated
'Ibd,.
p, 57,
KURUKSHETRA
.
February 1; 19S3
~'-
-"
structure,
,'.
rJ
N ANDHRA
PRADESH,
_.
_..
_c_o
is
..
"'
-"
to
;"1
~~
.(KURUKSHETRA February 1,1983
]3
A Maharashtra
study
would be
,
incomplete'if they do not attempt to solve the
problems of small fanners such as absence of timely
credit, proper guidance and essential snpplies of seed
etc. Efforts in this area needs to be intensified in order
to have a better pe~pective of the economic and' social
problems of these farmers. About 49 million operational holdings in the country, a IitIle over 40 percent
are less. than' 2.5 acres formed 34.5 percent of the
total number of household and accounted for 40.7 per
cent of the holdings' owning 6.8 per Cent of the total
cultivated area.
LANS
FOR AGRICULTURAL
DEVELOPMENT
o~ectives of
HE
I>RE5ENT
bn
...
Where,
Y
Xl
the study
T cmperical
STUDY
fertilizers (R:..)
a
Inierceflt.
','
Partial regression
Go-effiGients
I
(cla'.ticitie~ c.f
XJ.
!<2' X3~ OU
Y)
2
To examine the pattern of credit use on small farms.
Methodology
,"
selected
STUDY
'
Findings
of the study
PROJ?UC:TION
~f
cost concepts.
An estimate of the requirement of working capital
based on existing level of resources and farm technology was worked out' and is given in Table.-l.
KURUKSHETRA
February I,
tABLE
Pcr holding credit requirement for"next )o'ear with the same leyel
Ho/dings
Working capital
requirement (Rs.) .
-_._--~-----~----_._----;.
--------
Rainfcd
\
ot technology.
. Last year's
balance (Rs.)
Credit need/or
next year (Rs.)
962 A9
~26.42_
988.91
2767.81
+ 325.28
2442.53
'}
Irrigated
capital
A farmer should al~ays determine whether' the investment he is about to make in farm capital will be
'Productive, it will enable him to increase his income
and improve his standard of Living. Capital that will
accomplish either or both of these objectives farms the
real basis for credit.
..
TABLE2
Per holding working cDpital rcqUirmc'it for the next year .with the same cropping patter!1 with
all recommended levels of inputs'
..
------------
...
_._--------------------Working capita!
requirement (Rs.)
Holdihgs
Existing capital
requirement (Rs.)
------_._-------Rainfcd.
1785'57,
Irrigated
3982.20
,
HE
CAPITAL
T . holdings
----
---
----
Percent increased
due to improved
technology
962"49
85.51
2767.81
30.50
----------
_._--------
The per-
was 85:51
package of practices
---
---~..,.-._._-_.
-----------_._.-~-~------
.. Holdings
--_.
~.
Working capital
__ ._----~----_ _----...
reqliiremeJIt
------------------
Rainf~d'
1785 '57'
Irrigated.
3982.'20
._--------~------26.42
325.28
in Rs.)
J811 .99
3656'92
-_._---_._------------------------
-.i KURUKSHETRA
February 1, 1983
TABLE 4
Xl
. X2
?,3
Calculated
't' value
Value. of
regression
"coefficient
Regression
coefficient
Input factor
bI
-0 ,8680
b,
'b,
0,2345
.2.6121
**
MVP
,-6,5574
'
1 '2145
6,3587
2'1534'
2,4606'
0,6875
Remarks
Significant at 5
and 1%.
r t'
Signifi~nt at 5/'P.
Significant at 5 %
The final
form
of the, functional'
analysis is,
. "given below;
-0.8680
Y -
10.67 Xt
60
0.405('.
X2
0.2345 0.6875
X,
",'
'"
'
'
_ "
A_
Working capital requiremenis with improved tech, nology showed 85.5 and 30.5 pcr cent increase 'over
traditional farming on rainfed and irrigated farms,
respectively.
:3
.Small farmers are' unable to take advantages of new
technology due to insufficient availability of capital
and credit.
4
REFERENCES
I. DUlla,
P.c.
(1972)
~urukshetra,
.'
KURUKSHETRA
/.
RAYAPPA
fA..
BO\JT 6 PER CENT of the world', population constitute those who have completed 64 years of ag!'.
Thus, out of a total of 4321 million persons in 1979,
25'9 million persons were those who had
survived
their 64th birthday.
As provided by the Population
Reference. Biueau the pen;entage of population over 64
Years to the total
population
in the ~e~s and more
developed con'ntries of the world were four and six
res~ctively.
'T-
J--~_.-
.~
KURUKSHETRA
Febru~ry
1, 1983
I-
In
17
ROM
THE INFORMATION
presented above it is evi. dent that in deyeloped countries, aged have better
longevity while the aged dependency ratio is high and
in developing countries like India, longevity is low
while the aged dependency ratio is also'low. What is
concerning in the Indioh' context is not the aged dependency ratio, but the growing number of aged who unlike
their countemarts in developed countries live in abject
poverty, in the absence of old age social security and
'insufficient savings to look_after themselves. The main
ways for them to survive in old age are (a) to receive
support from their children, and lor (b). to work for
pittance by sacrificing their leisure which they amply
deserve.
W their parents
ETHER
SECURITY
Though there is no consensus regarding the relationship between the parental perception of the security
utility of children and fertility, there is agreement that
parents do get support from .their children during old
age. While studying the economk value of children in \
Java and Nepal, most of the aged parents were fO)lnd 'to be depending upon their chiidn,n' by' living with
them or in their neighbourh::>od. Similarly, data col. lected from the South. Kananidistrict
of Karnataka
State alSo showed as high as 95 per cent of the aged
parents in rural areas Jiving with their chiidren.
Assuming no old-age social security, negligible or
zero net savings of the a~ed and the help the aged
,receive from others' than their children to be insignificant in rural areas, the work status of those aged who
are living with their .children will indicate the extent of .
their dependency on their children. If those aged who
are staying w.ith.their children are working, then, the
terms 'depending on' and 'living with' cannot be used
interchangeably and. as a consequence the residential,...
pattern of the aged will cease to be a 'good indicator'
of the sUPPol\ receiv~d by them. .Hence, data caneeted
from the South Kanara district of Karnataka State were
cross-classified by work status and residential pattern
to know how many of those aged who live with their
children d" work. Results iI;ldicatethat though as high
as 95 per cent of the aged stay with 'their children; most
of them were repqrted to be working. But'the term
"'work participation' has'.a broader connotation in the
sense that it is inclusive of both who are 'willingly
working' without Rpy monetary motivation and those
("
18
KURUKSHETRA
February 1, 198~
unless mighty fate deprives me of it". The above remark is an example of aged men's willingness to
work.
Majority of aged workers in rural areas are cuidvators. The various capacities at which cultivators
perform activities as defined by the Census of India
include cultivation of land by oneself or by supervi:sian or by direction.
Most of the aged workers in rural areas who work
, for wages in cash or kind are agricultural labourers.
After adjustiug for the differences in the definition of
work employed in 1961 and 1971 censuses, it has
been noted that there was an actual increase in the
'percentage of agricultural labourers during 1961-71
period. The trend of iucreased participation in wage
labour among the aged in rural India may be due to
different factors like decrease in the intensity of old
age security the aged realize from their children, persisting poverty, the ch~ging attitude of the aged in
recent years, etc,
/'.
indigestion,
chronic
backaches
AGED
MALE
WORKERS
and
DATA INDICATE
"
19
., .
OMENTUM
OF
THE
. The public distribution system was greatly strengthened with the addition of 12,118 fair price shops as
against 2,358 shops during the first quarter.
Drinkin~ Water.-As
many as 8,576 pmblem viIl- I\!
ages were provided with a source of safe drinking water
during the second quarter as against 6,266 villages in
Ihe previous quarter. Encouraged by the progress of
this scheme, the Government is contemplating an upward revision of the annual target of ,covering 33,848
. villages to 42,000 villages. An additional allocation
of Rs. 24 crores has been approved by' the Plamiing
Cominission under the Centrally-sponsored Accelerated
, Rural Water Supply Programme ..
Family Planning.-The number of sterilisations done
during' the July-September quarter was 7.65 lakhs as
compared to 4.35 lakhs d~g
the first quarter. The
States and Union H;rritories which recorded imptes- ,"
sive 'increase were Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Haryaua; .
Tripura, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Madhya Pradesh,
Arunachal Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and'
Delhi.
The progress of some of the schemes has been slow
or unsatisfactory. The Government has noticed iliat
the progress of the Natjonal Rural Employment Programme has not been satisfactory. The objectives of
providing emergency-employment and its linkage with
KURUKSHETRA February 1, 1983
HE
<
buggy .
has
brought.
sunshine ..
"
21
AREGADDE
The next competition was .the divisional level competition of the hest village panchayat. The election of
the best Village Panchayat was based On the following
criteria:
(a) utilisation of 18 % grants meant for the welfare
of Harijans; (b) efforts made in eradication of untouchability; (c) taxes levied and collected; (d) steps
taken for creating permanent, remunerative aspects to
'\
-v. S.
S,!ryallarayana
FPO, Mysore
..
22
KURUKSHETRA
February 1,
r
\
Handlooms
There are about 40 lakh handloomsin the cOlintry half of which are in the cooperative
sector. There are more than four lakh power-operatedlooms. They have a potential
target to produce 6,000 million metres of cloth onnua/ly~3,700 million metres for hand-.
looms and 2,300 million metres for power looms at the rate of five metres per loom per
.day with 300 werking doys in a year. This amounts to about 50 per cent of the total
requirement of cloth in the country. The silk hand'ooms of Kamataka account for over
8Qper cent of mulberry silk produced in India. The handloom industry have achieved an
important position in exports and is a top foreign echange earner for t(le COljntry.
d
I
(Licensed under U(D)-54 to post without prep"ymen. at Civil Lines Post Office, Delhi).
RN 702/57
.\
'.
'.
r';-
Development of hand/oom sector Iras been given a prominent place in the new 20-point
programme. With the commencement of the Cell/rol Plan for handloom de.velopment, a
comprehensive prqgramme has been undertaken for its all-round development. Immediate
action has been. initiated for survival of Jick industrial units, setting up of a National
Hand.'oom Development
An- export-oriented
1,000 looms.
PUBLISHED
THE
BY THE
MANAGER,
DlRECfOR,
GOVERNMENT
PUBLICATIONS
DIVISION, NEW
DELm=-lIOOOl
AND
(P):
K. R. KRISHNAN
pRINTED
BY
S. L. ,JATSWAL:
1/
(,