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Cisco!
NETWORK COMPONENTS
PROTOCOL SUITES
ENCAPSULATION PROCESS
IPV4 ADDRESS
A numerical label assigned to each device participating in a
computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for
communication.
32-bit binary number expressed using four decimal numbers
separated by dots (dotted decimal notation).
CLASSFUL IP ADDRESS
Originally IP addresses were divided into five
classes.
The initial bits determine which class an address
belongs to.
Classes A, B and C are the most important.
ROUTER
Connects multiple networks.
Primary functions:
PACKET FORWARDING
Three packet forwarding mechanisms:
Process Switching
Fast Switching
PROCESS SWITCHING
Each packet must be processed individually.
FAST SWITCHING
TYPES OF ROUTING
Two main types of routing:
Static routing
Dynamic routing
Purpose
Operation
Behaviour:
IGP VS EGP
Autonomous system (AS) - a collection of routers under a
common administration.
IGP: used for exchanging routing information between routers
within an autonomous system.
ROUTING TABLE
Contains the information necessary to forward a packet along the best path
toward its destination.
Static routes
Added when a route is manually configured and the exit interface is active.
Administrative distance
Metrics
ADMINISTRATIVE DISTANCE
Represents the reliability (trustworthiness) of a
routing protocol (or a route).
Administrative Distance
0
1
5
20
90
110
115
120
170
ROUTING METRIC
A value generated by the routing algorithm for each path
through the network.
The best path to a network is the path with the lowest
metric.
Metrics can be based on either a single characteristic or
several characteristics of a path.