UNIVERSIY OF MHAMED BOUGHERRA BOUMERDES

FACULTY OF ENGINEER SCIENCE

Analysis of a cantilever beam with

ABAQUS Software

2015/2016
MIS 14

INDEX

Presentation of the problem

Introduction
Steps of work
The analysis
The monitor
What are the mode shapes ?
The results
Conclusion

Presentation of the problem:

The goal of this work is to make an analysis of a canteliver beam subjected
to a static load of 120 MPa in order to find the maximal VON MISES stress
and the first 10 frequency of mode shape .
The beam with dimmensions [ (width )l = 300 mm , e= 150 mm , (depth )
L= 1500 mm ] is made of steel
with density of 7500 Kg/m3 Young Modulus E=200 Gpa and poisson ration
= 0.3 .

Introduction :
the analysis is done by a software named abaqus.
Abaqus is a finite element analysis software which is designed for modeling
a variety of material behavior in both static and dynamic situations. The
program has an extensive material behavior library that allows for using data
obtained from the testing laboratory to be directly input into the model
definition. Abaqus is well suited to solve linear and non linear problems, to
model assemblies , Static, dynamic and heat transfer analysis etc
The advantage of ABAQUS is in process optimization, material comparisons,
and general forming analysis. This allows for reducing time, effort, and
material costs involved with trial and error manufacturing techniques.
An other advantage of abaqus is the ability to do a wide variety of analysis
such as analysis of acoustic sound waves, failure analysis/fracture
mechanics, heat transferetc.

steps of work :
the basic steps of work on abaqus are :
- The creation of the part geometry and regions for sections.
- Define material properties and assign sections to parts.
- Create the assembly.
- Define analysis steps and output requests.
- Define contact and other interactions on regions.
- Apply loads and BCs.
- Split the part or the assembly into meshable regions and mesh.
- Submit manage and monitor analysis job .
- examine the results.
Abaqus is a software which doesnt use predifined units , its up to the user
to take the responsibility to be sure to use the right units

The analysis:
before begining thie analysis we have to choose the units well use ,
in this case well work with : mm , Mpa , kg
so: density = 7500e-9 kg/mm3
young modulus E= 200e3 Mpa

Below we have pictures of the important steps on this work

The draw of the part:

The creation of the properties of the material :

the set of the load and boundary conditions :

the mesh of the part:

the submission of the job analysis:

The monitor:
After an eigenfrequency step has been used to find the eigenvalues of a
model, Abaqus automatically calculates the participation factor, the effective
mass, for each mode so that these variables are available for use in
subsequent linear dynamic analysis.
The participation factor is a variable that indicates how strongly motion in
the global x-, y- or z-direction or rotation about one of these axes is
represented in the eigenvector of that mode
If the effective masses of all modes are added in any particular direction,
the sum should give the total mass of the model
Lets take a closer look to the monitoring window , we find different outputs ,
error messages , warnings which helps us to do correctly the analysis ,
but the most interesting feature in this windows
is the DATA File buton
Which gives us access to a summarize of all the
steps of abaqus analysis And all the results

By opening the Data File we can see that abaqus

works on steps :
In the begining it calculates the number of elements , nodes and variables of
the problem

Then it does the static analysis which is the first step , it calculate the mass
of the part , the center of the mass and different moments.

Finally comes the calculation of the frequencies , the participation factor and
the effective mass for each mode

What are the mode shapes ?

The vibrational modes aren't a property of a particular type of material, they
are a property of a particular piece of material, with a particular size and a
particular shape, and held in a particular way.
A normal mode of an oscillating system is a pattern of motion in which all
parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency . The free
motion described by the normal modes takes place at the fixed frequencies.
These fixed frequencies of the normal modes of a system are known as its
natural frequencies or resonant frequencies.

The results :
this is the representation of the maximal and minimal von mises stress

The representation of the maximum strain E

Below is the Representation of the displacement for each mode:

We notice that the frequencies are increasing with the increase of the
mode shapes. As depicted in the table below
mode

Frequency
(cycle/time)

1.7556

3.4286

10.525

12.732

18.504

27.323

27.742

38.315

44.152

10

50.385

Conclusion:
The results of our study are acceptable and usable with no fear .
In a general point of view Abqus is an amazing software with notable
capacities but it has also some lacks which may appear in certain case like
the obligation of simplifying the study specially in the creation of models and
the mesh. Or the impossibility of going backward from a dynamic study to a
static one.