Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Nature of Management
Unit Objectives:
Art
and
Profession
Levels of Management.
Management
and
Administration
Concept and Meaning of Management
Management is at the centre of all organized activities. Management
identifies and forms special group of people and directs its efforts towards
common objectives towards common objectives. Management is an essential
factor of organisation. It acquires, coordinates and activates resources viz.
human resources, material resources, financial resources etc. for the
achievement of well defined group objectives. Management determines the
objectives of the organization, brings material resources and motivates the
people to efficiently use them for the achievement of the set objectives.
Whenever and wherever people join together to attain common goals,
management is there. Hence, management is universal in nature.
UNIT I:
UNIT I:
UNIT I:
UNIT I:
UNIT I:
Science and art both are complementary to one another. Science gives
organized knowledge about a problem and art results in efficient
application of those knowledge in performing activities for effectively
achieving goals. Management principles and theories, as science, provide
knowledge about how organizational problems emerge and how they can
be solved. Managers use such knowledge in the light of the situational
reality and take right decisions to solve them.
Management as a Profession:
A profession is an economic activity performed on the basis of specialized
knowledge to provide services to the clients and charge fees from them. It
has following important features:
- It provides services of a specialized nature.
- It requires completion of academic and practical training.
- Knowledge and skills are used to provide services to the clients.
- Professionals charge fees from the clients for their services.
- It requires certificate of public practice from the professional
organization or associations viz. Medical Association, Management
Association, Medical Council etc.
Management is a profession, because managers need to obtain
professional degree viz. BBA, MBA etc. They need to obtain membership
from Management Association to provide independent services to the
BUSINESS STUDIES For Class XII (HSEB, Nepal)
Nature of Management
UNIT I:
of
Management
Middle Level
Bottom Level
Management
Administration
It
is
determinative
in
nature, i.e. concerned with
determination of over all
policies of the organisation.
Management
It is an executors function,
i.e. concerned with directing
the efforts of others towards
the
execution
of
pre-
UNIT I:
Level
Environme
nt
Nature of
Involveme
nt
Terminolog
y
Levels of Management:
In organizations management performs different tasks at different levels. The
different tasks are related to: money management (finance), people
management (human resource) etc. They are organized in different levels,
which are generally classified as: top level, middle level, and bottom level.
Top Level:
A small group of executives who manage the overall organization are the
top level managers. The different titles found in this group are Chairman,
Managing Directors, and Chief Executive Officer (CEO). They establish
organizations goals, overall strategy and operating Policy. They are
responsible for a firms total performance. They manage to link the
organization with the external environment in various ways: monitoring
the environmental changes and accordingly adjusting internal policies and
activities, representing the organization to the society through their
participation in the social ceremonies or events, meeting with the
government officials or other organizations etc.
Middle Level:
Middle level managers supervise groups of units. The common titles are:
plant manager, operations manager, divisional head etc. They are
primarily responsible to implement the policies and plans developed by
top managers. They also coordinate and supervise the activities of the
lower level managers and report performance to the top level managers.
Bottom Level or First-Line Managers:
BUSINESS STUDIES For Class XII (HSEB, Nepal)
Nature of Management
UNIT I:
Board of
Directors
CEO/President
/ Chairman
VicePresident
(Production)
VicePresident
(Finance)
VicePresident
(Marketing)
Foreman
Cash
Manager
District
Sales
Manager
Foremen
District
Supervisor of
District
Sales
Legend:
Top Level
Middle Level
Bottom Level
UNIT SUMMARY
Assess yourself. You ought to remember that:
Concept and Meaning of Management:
Management is at the centre of all organized activities. Management
determines the objectives of the organization, brings material resources and
motivates the people to efficiently use them for achieving the determined
objectives.
UNIT I:
UNIT I:
10
UNIT I:
11
Management is concerned with the execution of plans and policies laid down
by the administration.
Review Questions:
UNIT I:
12