1. Present Simple tense.

( Th hien tai n)
- Use : e dien ta cac s viec mot cach tong quat , khong nhat thiet
ch ngh en hien tai . Ta dung th nay e noi en moat s viec nao o
xay ra lien tuc ,lap i lap lai nhieu lan , hay mot ieu g o luon luon
ung ,du cho s viec o co xay ra ngay tai luc noi hay khong la ieu
khong quan trong .
- Form: (+ ) S + V/Vs / es + .
Ex -The earth goes around the
sun.
( - ) S + dont/doesnt + V+ ..
-We dont have classes on
Sunday.
( ? ) Do/Does + S + V + .?
- Does Lan speak French?
2. (not ) adjective + enough + infinitive ( khong ) u
.. e
Ex: The water is hot enough for me to drink.
She isnt old enough to be in my class

3. Near Future: Be going to ( th tng lai gan )

- Form : S + is / am/ are + going to + Vinf

- Use : Dung khi noi ve mot viec ma ai o quyet nh se lam hay d nh

se lam trong tng lai.
Ex : There is a good film on TV tonight. Im going to stay home to watch TV .
- Note : Be going to con dung e d oan mot tnh huong co the xay ra
Ex: I feel tired . I think Im going to be sick.
4. Adverb of place ( Trang t ch ni chon ): out side, inside,
there, here, upstairs, downstairs ,next to ,under ,..
Ex: The money was finally found under the boards.
5. Reflexive pronouns.( ai t phan than): myself, yourself,
himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves .
- Dien ta hanh ong tr lai vi chnh ngi thc hien .
+ No co the lam tuc t (Object ) Ex: Be careful.. Youll cut yourself.
+ No ng ngay sau t ma no lam manh ngha. Ex : An sent this letter itself.
- ai t phan than lam manh ngha cho chu t. No ng ngay sau chu t,
hoac ng cuoi menh e /cau. Ex: Mary herself cleaned the floor.

6. Modal verbs
- Form : + S + modal verb + V + .
Ex : I can sing very well.
- S + modal verb + not + V +
Ex : Hoa may not come to the party
tomorrow.
? Modal verb + S + V + .?
Ex : May I come in ?
- Modal verb : must, ought to, have to,should
* MUST : la khiem tr ong t ( a modal ) dien ta s bat buoc hay s can
thiet co tnh chu quan- do cam ngh cua ngi noi. (Ex: He must do this
exercise again.), hay dien ta tnh qui tac hay le luat . (Ex: We must drive on the
right.)
* HAVE TO : dien ta s bat buoc hay s can thiet co tnh khach quan do
yeu to ben ngoai.
Ex: Your eyes are weak. You have to wear glasses.
* OUGHT TO + V(base form) (nen): dien ta li khuyen. Ex: We ought to obey
our parents.
* SHOULD: dien ta li khuyen Ex: You should help the needed children.
* MAY / CAN / COULD : c dung e dien ta li yeu cau hay e ngh
- Yeu cau s giup : Can / Could + you + V + O / A,please ? (Ex: Can you
help me ,please? )

- e ngh giup ai: May + I + V + O/A ?; Let + me + V + O/A. ; Do you

need any help? Shall + I + V + O / A ? Ex: May I help you?
* WILL: dung e dien ta li yeu cau , e ngh hoac li ha
- Will + you + V + O + A / M , please? Dien ta li yeu cau.
Ex: Will you turn of the fan, please ? Im cold.
- I + will + V + O + A / M ? dien ta li e ngh lam ieu g cho ai .
Ex: The phone is ringing . Ill answer for you.
- S + will + V + O + A / M ? dien ta li ha . Ex: Im sory. This wont
happen again.
* Would / Do you + mind + . . . + ? dien ta li yeu cau lch s .
- Would you mind + V-ing ( gerund) ? Ex:Would you mind telling me the result of
the exam.
- Would / Do you mind if + I + V . . .? dien ta yeu cau c lam ieu g
Ex: Would you mind if I opened the window? Do you mind if I open the window?
7. Questions with WHY: Dung e hoi ve nguyen nhan hay ly do
Why + do / aux. V + S + VIB +
O...?
Ex: Why do they cover the electric sockets?
e tra li cho cau hoi vi WHY ta co the dung :
- Menh e vi because. Ex: Why do you get up early? Because I want to do
exercise.
- Cum ong t nguyen mau . Ex: Why do you do exercise? To keep healthy.

8. Past Simple Tense (Th qua kh n)

- Use : Dien ta hanh ong xay ra va ket thuc tai mot thi iem xac nh
qua kh
- Form: + S + V-ed(regular) / V2 ( column irregular) +
Ex : - He arrived here yesterday.
- S + didnt + V + .
- She didnt go to school
yesterday.
? Did + S + V + ?
- Did you clean this
table?
- Note: Th qua kh n thng c dung vi cac cum t ch thi gian xac
nh qua kh : last week / month / year . . ., a week / 3 days / 5 months . . . ,
yesterday, yesterday morning / evening, In+ nam, from 2000 to2005
- Cach oc cac ong t qua kh n vi ED:
+ ED: c oc la /t/ khi nhng ong t nguyen mau co am tan cung la
Ex : laughed , asked , helped , watch , pushed , dressed ,
+ ED: c oc la /id/ khi nhng ong t nguyen mau co am tan cung
la t , d.
Ex : needed , wanted , waited , ..
+ ED: c oc la /d/ khi nhng ong t nguyen mau co am tan cung
la cac am con lai
Ex : enjoyed , saved , filled ,.
9. Preposition of time ( Gii t ch thi gian ) : at, in ,on, from . . .
to, for, by
- AT : + mot iem thi gian cu the
Ex : We have class at one oclock.
+ night
Ex : I sleep at night.
- IN :
+ thang/nam cu the
Ex : I was born 1994
+ the morning/afternoon / evening
Ex : We have class in the morning.
- ON: + ngay trong tuan
Ex : We have class on Monday.
+ ngay thang nam
Ex: I was born on April 6, 2006
- FROM + mot iem thi gian + TO + mot iem thi gian
Ex: We have class from 7.00 to 10.15

- FOR: + mot khoang thi gian : e noi rang mot cai g o dien ra bao lau
roi
Ex : We walked for 2 hours to reach the waterfall.
10. Used to + V(bare form) : dien ta mot thoi quen trong qua kh
nay khong con
Ex: He used to play tennis.
* Note : S tng phan: USED TO + V(bare form) (a tng )
BE / GET + USED TO + NOUN PHRASE / GERUND ( Quen )
Ex: Ba was born in a famer family. Hes used to working in the sun.
11. Adverb of Manner( Trang t ch the cach ) : thng
theo sau tan ng neu co a so trang t ch the cach c cau tao t tnh
t them hau to LY : adjective + ly = adverb
Ex: This man drives carefully.

12. Commands, requests and advice in reported speech

* Commands in reported speech: Cau menh lenh li noi gian tiep
( Dont ) + V + O / A
S + told / ordered . . . + O + ( not ) + infinitive
+ O/A
Ex: Turn off the light before going top bed, my mother said to me.
My mother told me to turn of the light before going top bed.
Ex: Dont play with matches, the mother said.
The mother warned her child not to play with matches.
* Requests in reported speech: Cau yeu cau li noi gian tiep
Please + (dont ) + V + O / A hoac ( Dont ) + V
+ O / A , please
S + asked / begged . . . + O + ( not ) +
infinitive + O / A
Ex: Please turn on the light. He asked me to turn on the light.
Ex: Please dont make a noise here. They asked us not to make a noise there.
* Advice in reported speech: Li khuyen li noi gian tiep . Li khuyen co
cau truc:
- S + should / ought to / had better + V + O / A.
- Why dont + you + V + O / A ?
- If I were + O , Id (not ) + V + O / A .
S + advised + O + ( not ) infinitive + O/A.
Ex: Youd better work hard for exam, Tom said to his brother.
Tom advised his brother to study hard for the exam.
If I were you,Id not do such a thing,Mai said to Lan. Mai advised Lan not to do
such a thing.
13. Gerund (danh ong t ) : la dang ong t tan cung bang
ING va co chc nang cua mot danh t. No co the lam :
- Chu ng:
Ex: Smoking is harmful to health.
- Tan ng
Ex : Were thinking about raising our classs fund.
Ex: We practise speaking English in class.
- Lam bo t cho chu t Ex: My interest is collecting stamps.
- T ong v
Ex: He has one desire , taking care of his old
parents.
- Theo sau mot so ong t :
Ex: Id like reading books.

14. Present perfect tense( Th hien tai hoan thanh )

- Use :- Dung e mieu ta mot hanh ong xay ra trong qua kh nhng ket
qua con lu en hien tai

- Dung e mieu ta mot hanh ong va mi xay ra ( ta dung vi

JUST)
- Dung e mieu ta mot hanh ong c hoan tat sm hn s mong
i (ta dung vi ALREADY) Ex: I have already finished this work.
- Dung e mieu ta mot hanh ong t trc en gi cha he hoac
khong he xay ra ( ta dung vi EVER NEVER) . Ex: Have you ever been to Hue? I
have never gone.
- Dung e mieu ta mot hanh ong a xay ratrong qua kh tnh en
nay a xay ra c bao lau (FOR) hoac a xay ra t luc nao (Since)
* For : Ch thi gian keo dai bao lau.
Ex: You have studied English for 4
years.
* Since: thi gian bat au t luc nao
Ex: She has studied English since
2003.

15. Comparison of adjectives and adverbs

1. So sanh bang
- Dang khang nh: S + V + as + adj / adv + as + Noun
Ex: Mai is
as tall as Lan .
- Dang phu nh: S + V + not + as / so + adj / adv + as + Noun Ex: Mai isnt
as/so tall as Lan
2. Similarity ( S tng ong) : e dien ta s tng ong ,ta co the
dung :
- LIKE ( giong, nh )
Ex: He s like his father.
- THE SAME AS ( giong nh )
Ex: Your shirt is the same as Bas.
- DIFFERENT FROM ( khac vi )
Ex: Hes different from his mother.
* Note : THE SAME + noun + AScung c dung e dien ta s tng
ong hay bang nhau.
Ex : He is the same age as my brother. Hes as old as my brother.

16- Present progressive Tense ( Th hien tai tiep dien )

- Use : Dien ta mot hanh ong xay ra vao ung thi iem noi.
-Form : + S + is / am/ are + V-ing +
Ex : Im learning English now.
- S + is / am/ are + not + V-ing +
He isnt learning English now.
? Is / Am / Are + S + V-ing + ?
Is he reading books now?
- Note: Th hien tai tiep dien thng dung kem vi cac trang t : now, right
now,at present , at the moment e nhan manh tnh chat ang dien tien cua
hanh ong ngay luc noi .

17- Comparative and superlative adjectives ( So sanh

hn va nhat )
2. So sanh hn
- Tnh t co mot am tiet : Adjective er + than
Ex: Im stronger than
you.
- Tnh t co hai am tiet tr len: More + adj +than Ex: My sister is more
beautiful than me.
3 So sanh hn nhat
-Tnh t co mot am tiet : The + Adj est
Ex: This tower is the
tallest.
- Tnh t co hai am tiet tr len: The + most + adj
Ex:Hoa is the most
beautiful in my class
Note : Mot so tnh t bat qui tac
Good - better - the best
fas - farther - the farthest
Bad - worse - the worst
further - the furthest

18. Adjectives followed by an infinitive or a clause.

(Tnh t c theo sau bi mot ong t nguyen mau hay mot menh e.)

1.Tnh t ch cam giac thng c theo sau bi mot cum ong t nguyen
mau (infinitive phrase).
S + be + adjective + (not) infinitive phrase.
Ex .: Im glad to meet you again.
He was surprised to get me letter.
Mot so tnh t khac nh : sure, certain, right, careful, lucky, wrong, c theo
sau bi mot cum ong t nguyen mau. Ex . : Hes certain to win the game. Be
careful not to dirty the picture.
2.Mot so tnh t co the c theo sau bi mot menh e danh t (a noun
clause).
Ex: Im glad ( that ) you can make it.
19. In order to so as to + V( base form) : c dung e dien ta
muc ch
Ex: Hes saving money in order to / so as to go on holiday next summer.

20. Future simple Tense ( Th tng lai n)

- Use : Dien ta mot hanh ong se xay ra tai mot thi iem nao o trong
tng lai.
- Form : + S + will / shall + V +
Ex: He will finish his homework
tomorrow .
- S+ wont / shant + V + ..
Lan wont go to the zoo next
week.
? Will / Shall + S + V + . ?
Will you do this exercise ?

21 . The passive form (voice)

Form: BE + V3 /V-ed (past participle)
Ex:
They sell jeans all over the world. => Jeans are sold all over the world.
Note:
- Khi chu ng cau chu ong la: THEY, PEOPLE, SOMEONE, NO ONE, ANYONE th
khi oi sang cau b ong khong co By agent . Nhng khi danh t lam chu
ng bat buoc phai co agent
- Vi ong t ac biet (modal verbs): CAN, MUST, MAY, MIGHT, SHOULD, WILL,. . .
ta phai them BE trc khi chuyen ong t chnh sang dang PAST PARTICIPLE.
Modal verb
S + modal verb + be + V-ed / V3 (past participle) + (by
agent)
Simple present
S + am/is/are + V-ed / V3 (past participle) + (by agent)
Simple past
S + was/were + V-ed / V3 (past participle) + (by agent)
Near future
S + am/is/are + going to be + V-ed / V3 (past participle) +
(by agent)
Simple future
S + will/shall be + V-ed / V3 (past participle) + (by agent)
Present perfect
S + have been + V-ed / V3 (past participle) + (by agent)
tense
Present
S + am/is/are + being + V-ed / V3 (past participle) + (by
progressive
agent)
Past progressive
S + was/were + being + V-ed / V3 (past participle) + (by
agent)
Ex : You must do this exercise carefully. => This exercise must be done carefully.

22. -ed and -ing participle( Qua kh va hien tai

phan t )
- Hien tai phan t - ING con goi la phan t tac ong.Dung trong cau
chu ong, c thanh lap bang cach them ing sau ong t. Ex: His job is
boring.
- Qua kh phan t ED con goi la phan t b tac ong. Dung
trong cau chu ong, c thanh lap bang cach them ed ( regular) hoac cot
3 bat qui tac (irregular). Ex: This clock is broken.

* Qua kh va hien tai phan t : ng trc danh t, hoac sau ong

t lien ket.
Ex: A tired worker is sleeping on the chair.
The story is interesting
* Qua kh va hien tai phan t: c dung e rut gon menh e tnh
t : Hien tai hoac qua kh phan t ( cum hien tai phan t hoac cum
qua kh quan t ng sau danh t hoac cum danh t bo sung y ngha cho
danh t hoac cum danh t o.
Ex: The boy is in my class . Hes reading a book. The boy reading a book is in my
class.
There are many books. They are written in English. There are many books written in
English.

23. Past progressive ( Th qua kh tiep dien )

- Form : WAS / WERE + Present pasticiple ( V-ing )
- Use: - dien ta s kien xay ra mot thi iem cu the ( gi ) trong qua
kh
Ex: What were you doing at 2 p.m. yesterday?
- dien ta mot s kien ang dien tien bat cht mot s kien khac
xay en qua kh.
Ex: Last night when I was doing homework, the electricity went out.
- dien ta hai hay nhieu s kien xay ra cung mot luc song song qua
kh
Ex: Last Friday as I was swimming at the pool, my father was visiting the City
Museum.
* Note: Th kh tiep dien thng dung vi WHEN,WHILE hay AS e ch s
kien ang dien tien.
* ALWAYS with the past progressive: always dung vi th tiep dien e dien
ta s kien thng xuyen xay ra vi s khong hai long hay than phien (Ex:
He was always coming to work late.)

24.Compound nouns ( danh t kep)

- Noun + Gerund : danh t lam tuc t cho danh ong t. Ex: fire making ,
rice cooking,
- Gerund + Noun : danh ong t phan loai danh t , ch loai va muc ch cho
danh t.
Ex: Washing-machine; working- condition; waiting room ; . . .
25. Reported speech ( li noi tran thuat) la cau thuat lai
mot cach gian tiep li noi
cua ngi khac. e chuyen t trc tiep sang cau gian tiep chung ta
phai:
* Mot so thay oi ve th (Tense change) :- Neu ong t thng
thuat (reporting verb) cua cau th qua kh th phai lui ong t chnh ve
qua kh mot bac khi chuyen t li noi trc tiep (direct speech) sang li noi
gian tiep (indirect / reported speech) theo quy tac sau :
Speakers words
Reported statement
Speakers words
Reported
statement
will / shall

would / should
present simple

past simple
am / is / are going to

was / were going to present continuous

past
continuous
past continuous past perfect continuous must

had to
present perfect
past perfect
past simple

past perfect
can

could
may

might

Ex: Direct speech: Ill talk to Hoa.said he.

Reported speech: He said he would
talk to Hoa
main verb
reporting verb
- Neu ong t tng thuat th hien tai th th cua ong t chnh c gi
nguyen khi chuyen li noi trc tiep sang gian tiep.Trang t ch ni
chon,thi gian va ai t ch nh c gi nguyen.
Ex:
Direct speech : Im arriving at about 6.00.says Brenda.
Reported speech : Brenda says shes arriving at about 6.00.
Note: - Co the dung hoac khong dung that sau ong t tng thuat.
V du : He said (that) he wasnt going.
- says / say to + O tells / tell = O
said to + O told +
O
Ex : He told (said to) Helen (that) he didnt like coffee.
- Mot so ong t khong thay oi khi chuyen sang li noi gian tiep.
Would would, could could, might might, should should, ought to
ought to
* Mot so chuyen oi khac (Some other changes) : Khi chuyen
t li noi trc tiep sang gian tiep ma ong t tng thuat th qua kh
th cac trang t ch thi gian va ni chon va ai t ch nh c chuyen
oi theo quy tac sau :
Speakers words statement
Reported
today / tonight
that day / that night
tomorrow
the next day / the following day
yesterday
the day before /the previous day
ago / now
before / then
next/ on Monday
the next/ following Monday
last Monday
the previous Monday / the Monday before
the day after tomorrow
in two days time / two days later
this / these
that / those
here
there
Ex: Direct speech : Im leaving here tomorrow, said Mary
Reported speech : Mary said (that) she was leaving there the next day.
26.Reported questions (cau hoi tran thuat)khong co
cung trat t t (tr ong t trc chu ng)nh cau hoi trc tiep.Tr
ong t do,does,didva dau hoi khong xuat hien trong cau.
- Yes No questions : thng c m au bang cac ong t nh ask, inquire,
wonder,. Va ta dung if hay whether trong li noi tran thuat va theo sau
cac ong t m au .
Ex: Do you see new friend? he said He asked if you saw new friends.
- Wh questions : Thng c bat au bang cac ong t ask, wonder,want
to know . . .va theo sau la cac nghi van t : who,which,whom,what,. . .
Ex: Who is going for a walk? he asked them.
He asked them who was going for a walk.