Mission

Our Mission is to strive for the wholehearted satisfaction

and enrichment of the lives of people globally through
the Companys core domain of value added chemicals.
Fully committed to this mission, all members of the Kao
Group work together with passion to provide products of
excellent value created from the customers perspective.
In so doing, we share joy with the customer.

AKYPO

Vision
We aim to be a global group of companies that is closest
to the customer in each market, earning the respect and
trust of all stakeholders and contributing towards the
sustainable development of society.
Trademark

Kao Chemicals Europe

Chemical Description

Appearance (20C)

Active Matter (%)

www.kaochemicals-eu.com

Kao Corporation, S.A.

Puig dels Tudons, 10
E-08210 Barber del Valls
(Barcelona) Spain
Tel: +34 93 7399-300
Fax:+34 93 7399-377
e-mail:sales@kao.es

Kao Chemicals GmbH

Kupferstrasse 1
D-46446 Emmerich, Germany
Tel: +49(0)2822 711-0
Fax:+49(0)2822 711-201
e-mail:sales@kaochemicals.de

Our Chemicals, Your Business

The technology of KAOs surfactants at your service

AKYPO Range

OH

AKYPO LM-40

- Open Plant Cleaning application

INTRODUCTION
Kao Chemicals Europe commercializes a wide range of anionic
surfactants under the product name AKYPO, which are
multifunctional additives recommended especially for
professional and industrial cleaning products and also for
household detergents.

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Product

AKYPO LF 1

C8

AKYPO LF 2

C8

AKYPO LF 4

C6 / C8

3+8

The AKYPO products are alkyl Ether Carboxylic Acids (ECAs)

AKYPO LF 6
C4 / C8
1+8
or their salts, with variable alkyl chain length (R) and various
AKYPO RLM 25
C12 / C14
2.5
degrees of ethoxylation (n). In terms of alkyl chain length, the
AKYPO products can be divided into two main categories, the
AKYPO RLM 45 CA
C12 / C14
4.5
AKYPO LF and AKYPO RLM ranges, each with its
AKYPO RLM 100
C12 / C14
10
characteristic application properties. The variable ethoxylation
degree also affects these properties. AKYPO LF types, whose
AKYPO GENE KTS
ECA + polymer
alkyl chain length ranges from C4 to C8, are low foaming
AKYPO LM-40
Optimized ECA
surfactants with high dispersing and hydrotropic abilities.
AKYPO RLM products are based on a C12-C14 alkyl chain and
their degree of ethoxylation ranges from 2.5 to 10 EO. They are
characterized by good foaming behavior at different pHs. Both categories exhibit outstanding stability under strong pH conditions,
and allow the formulation of cleaners with a high electrolyte and builder content.
In addition to the aforementioned products, the AKYPO range includes two specialty surfactants: AKYPO GENE KTS, an
optimized blend of an ECA and a polymer, which exhibits superior performance for carpet cleaners, and AKYPO LM-40, specially
designed as an excellent foaming agent for Open Plant Cleaners (OPC).

AKYPO LM-40 is a brand-new ether carboxylate surfactant specially designed for use in Open Plant Cleaning processes, mainly in
the Food and Beverage industry (Patent filed).

MAIN PROPERTIES
-

PHYSICAL DATA

Outstanding foam retention

Mild profile
Creamy and stable foam
Good eco-toxicity
Stable in extreme conditions
Concentrated and solvent-free

Application time
Formulations are diluted with
water before being introduced in
to the appropriate foaming device.

FOAMABILITY
Comparison of foam levels using Ross-Miles method
1g am/L ; RT; neutral pH

Foaming ability and foam control are extremely important

properties to be considered in a cleaning formulation.

pH Value (1%)

2.0 3.5

Viscosity (20C)

100 - 500 cPs

Standard
Anionic
Surfactant

Product is applied at a dilution of 1-10% and left to act for some time.

AKYPO LM-40 shows excellent performance in alkaline formulations combined with amphoteric surfactants such as:

200

mL foam

150

Alkyl Dimethyl Amine Oxides (OXIDET DMCLD, OXIDET DM-20, OXIDET DM-4)
Betaines (BETADET HR, BETADET HR 50-K)
Sultaines (BETADET SHR, BETADET S-20)

Product

100
50
0
5 sec

AKYPO LF Range
AKYPO RLM Range

5 min

EO/PO Surfactant
SLES
SLES: Sodium Laureth Sulfate

Clear, colorless to pale

yellowish liquid

RECOMMENDED USE

Foam Behavior

The brand name AKYPO LF stands for Low Foaming ECAs.

Their foaming behavior is comparable to, or even lower than
that of typical Ethoxylated-Propoxylated (EO/PO) non-ionic
surfactants, usually used for low foaming cleaners. Conversely,
longer alkyl chain length ECAs, like the AKYPO RLM range,
exhibit high levels of foam. The foam formed is dense and
stable but at the same time easily rinsed.

Appearance

AKYPO LM-40

Kao is a company fully committed to the environment and recognized as one of the world leaders in environmental responsibility.
In accordance with Kaos general policy, the AKYPO range meets the highest standards of quality. They are readily biodegradable
products, show good aquatic toxicity and can be used in ecological and green certified formulations. Despite the fact that most
cleaning formulations, and particularly those for Industrial application, are highly aggressive, the AKYPO products, once
neutralized, exhibit a very mild profile and are highly recommended for Household products too.

The foam behavior of a detergent is very much dependent on

the formulation's characteristics, such as, pH value, electrolyte
content, surfactant type and concentration, among others.

min. 90 %

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: FOAM RETENTION

ECOTOXICOLOGIC PROFILE & MILDNESS

MAIN PROPERTIES

Active Matter

AKYPO LM-40

4.1

2.7

2.7

4.3

3.3

OXIDET DMCLD

4.2

8.3

---

3.3

6.7

BETADET SHR

---

---

5.7

---

---

TETRANYL BC-80*

---

---

---

10

---

Sodium hypochlorite (15%)

---

---

---

Sodium hydroxide

15

pH 13

Up to 100

Up to 100

Up to 100

Up to 100

Up to 100

Deionized water

Product is used in high alkaline

cleaning formulations and also
disinfectant formulations based
on sodium hypochlorite or
cationic agents.
Preferred ratios as active matter:

20
AKYPO LM-40 : co-surfactant
from 4 : 1 to 1 : 1

* Benzalkonium Chloride

11

AKYPO GENE KTS - the ultimate carpet cleaner

Stability in . . .

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
AKYPO GENE KTS is an optimized blend of an ether carboxylate and a polymer in a proportion that makes it a good carpet
cleaner and stain remover.

FOAM CONSISTENCY

MAIN PROPERTIES
-

PHYSICAL DATA

Good cleaning effect

No organic solvents
Good residue removal
Good anti-soiling effect
Superfine foam
Short drying time
Antistatic effect
Easy to apply in aerosol cans

Tap water contains calcium and magnesium ions. The stability

of a cleaning formulation and its performance are highly
dependent on water hardness.

Ionic Nature

Anionic

Active Matter

31 %

Appearance

Opaque Liquid

Freezing Point

0 C

pH Value

8.5 9.5

Viscosity (20C)

300 cPs

As a carpet cleaner should, AKYPO GENE KTS shows good cleaning action in conjunction with resistance against re-soiling. Not
only does it remove stains from the carpet, but it also deposits a protective layer on the surface of the textile. Its fast drying shortens
the cleaning time and its creamy foam allows the product to be spread evenly, leaving no untreated spots. Additionally, on synthetic
carpets the product has a remarkable antistatic effect.

FORMULATION REFERENCE

FORMULATION GUIDELINE
The mixture is used with a propellant in aerosol cans and produces finepored foam easy to spread. The formulation can also be used directly or
in spray with special Foam Formation Valve.
Once it is applied, it dries into macroscopic solid needles that are easily
removed by vacuum cleaner or a rag. This kind of formulation can be
used for either Household or Institutional applications.

AKYPO GENE KTS

20

Demineralized Water

79.5

Na2 Hydrogen Phosphate (.2H2O)

0.5

Cleaning Effect
A small area of a nylon carpet with common dirt was
cleaned with AKYPO GENE KTS and the rest with water. In
the picture below, comparative results after a few hours
drying time are shown.

Antistatic Effect

CLEANED AREA

Nylon
needle felt

Nylon
fitted carpet

10

AKYPO LF Range
AKYPO RLM Range
SLES
SLS
Soap
MEA LS
0

AKYPO products are very stable in the presence of acids.

Among them, the AKYPO LF types show the highest stability,
being compatible even with hydrofluoric acid and oxidizing
acids such as nitric acid.

Treatment
None

Max. charge of test person (V)

Leather sole

Plastic sole

- 2200

- 2800

AKYPO GENE
KTS

+ 48

+ 70

None

- 2600

- 3300

AKYPO GENE
KTS

+ 35

+ 55

Builders and electrolytes are commonly used in hard surface

cleaners to increase cleaning performance. AKYPO products
allow stable formulations to be prepared containing high
amounts of them. Fine tuning is needed to choose the best
AKYPO option depending on the electrolyte.

50

75

Maximum acid content in %; 24h; RT; 1% am

HCl

H3PO4

HNO3

HF

AKYPO LF

30

70

30

10

AKYPO RLM

30

70

STABILITY IN NaOH SOLUTIONS

Alkaline Media

Electrolytes

25

STABILITY IN ACID SOLUTIONS

Acid Media

Maximum NaOH content in %; 24h; RT; 1% am

0%

As seen below, tests carried out at Centraal Laboratorium

TNO in Holland demonstrate the outstanding antistatic effect
of AKYPO GENE KTS on synthetic fiber carpets.

Carpet

AREA WITH
COMMON DIRT

DIN 53905

According to DIN 53905 (Hard Water Stability Test), all

AKYPO products achieve the maximum score (75 points).
They are much more stable than other anionic surfactants like
Sodium or Monoethanolamine Lauryl Sulfates (SLS or MEA LS),
and therefore give more stable formulations with optimal
cleaning results.

As shown graphically, AKYPO products are more stable under

high alkaline conditions than other surfactants like Sodium
Laureth Sulfate or amine oxides. Low alkyl chain types,
AKYPO LF, show the highest alkaline compatibility, accepting
even 20% of sodium hydroxide.

APPLICATION TESTS

HARD WATER STABILITY TEST

Hard W ater

5%

10%

15%

20%

SLES

AKYPO RLM Range

Cocamine Oxide

AKYPO LF Range

STABILITY IN THE PRESENCE OF ELECTROLYTES

Maximum electrolyte content in %; 1month; RT; 1% am

MGDA.
3Na
AKYPO LF
AKYPO RLM

TKPP

Na2SiO3.
5H2O

30

20

15 - 20

5 - 30

20

1 - 15

TKPP: Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate

MGDA.3Na: Methylglycine Diacetic Acid. 3Na
Na2SiO3.5H2O: Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate

AKYPO Range
Compatibility with . . .

FORMULATIONS GUIDELINE
HYPOCHLORITE STABILITY TEST

Oxidizing Agents

Industrial & Institutional

Presence of NaClO in solution (%) vs time

1% am Surfactant; 3% initial NaClO

The chemical structure of AKYPO products is not sensitive to

oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite or peroxides. The
graph shows the stability of sodium hypochlorite in the
presence of different surfactants during a storage period of 3
months at room temperature. It can be seen that the stability of
sodium hypochlorite in the presence of AKYPO surfactants is
comparable to that of Cocamine Oxide, a well known
surfactant used as a perfume solubilizer in chlorine-based
bleaches.

Considering all the aforementioned properties, AKYPO RLM products represent an excellent choice as the main anionic surfactant
in I&I formulations, especially the ones that require a large amount of foam in extreme conditions. Below are some guide
formulations showing the versatility of the AKYPO RLM range.

100%

75%

50%

25%

0%
0

30

60

90

days

AKYPO LF & RLM

Blank

Cocamine Oxide

Mono Alkylquat

Alkyl Polyglucoside

Alkaline Cleaner

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

NaOH (50%) O

10

OXIDET DMCLD*

OXIDET DMCLD*

Chelating Agent*

Phosphoric Acid

NaClO (150 g/L)

30

Deionized Water

Up to 100

Deionized Water

Up to 100

NaOH (50%)

10

* Cocamine Oxide

* MGDA.3Na

Market
Product INITIAL

Household
Chimney Cleaner

Disinfectants
Anionic surfactants can form complexes with ammonium-quats, used as biocides, inhibiting their disinfecting properties. The graph
below shows the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Benzalkonium Chloride (BzCl) required to prevent the growth of
Staphyloccocus Aureus in the presence of a fixed quantity (500 ppm) of different added surfactants.

The AKYPO RLM type exhibits lower inhibition and only a concentration of between 50 and 100 ppm of BzCl is needed. In the
case of AKYPO LF there is even synergy, and less biocide is needed to prevent microorganism growth.

2.4

OXIDET DMCLD*

8.3

NaOH

3.1

Monoethanolamine

Sodium Citrate

This special formulation is capable of

removing all the heavy dirt produced by
the combustion of wood inside a chimney.
Various tests in real conditions were
carried out, with outstanding results.

MIC (ppm)

10
1

without
surfactant

AKYPO LF 4

AKYPO RLM
25

AKYPO RLM
45 CA

soap

SLS

SLES

1.5

Deionized Water

APPLICATION

Up to 100

FIRST RINSE

Chimney Cleaner

Car Care
(see also Car Care brochure)

Car Shampoo

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

AKYPO RLM 100

SULFONAX *

AMIDET N*

Butyl Diglycol

FINDET 10/18**

H3PO4 (85%)

Citric Acid (50%)

Citric Acid (50%)

Deionized Water

Up to 100

Deionized Water

Bath Cleaner

100

Market Product

As an example of another Household product with

AKYPO RLM products, here is a concentrated bath
cleaner with a very mild profile and creamy foam.

1000

Disinfecting Cleaner

Up to 100

BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE COMPATIBILITY TEST

Disinfecting effect of BzCl solution in the presence of surfactants (500 ppm)

AKYPO RLM 25

Deionized Water
Typical anionic surfactants such as soap, SLS or SLES, clearly inhibit the disinfecting effect of BzCl, and it is necessary to increase the
concentration of biocide to over 100 ppm.

Acid Cleaner

* PEG-4 Rapeseedamide
** Fatty Alcohol C10+6EO

pH < 3
Up to 100

* Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid

AKYPO RLM Range

AKYPO LF Range
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Just like the AKYPO LF range, AKYPO RLM products are liquid at room temperature and highly concentrated. Their main
application is Industrial Cleaning although they are suitable for Household applications thanks to their mildness.

Trademark

CAS Number

Chemical Description

Appearance
at 20C

% Active
Matter

AKYPO LF products are liquid at room temperature, highly concentrated and commercially available in acid form. They are used
singly or in combination for application in Industrial & Institutional formulations.

Trademark

CAS Number

Chemical Description

Appearance
at 20C

% Active
Matter

AKYPO RLM 25

27306-90-7

Laureth-4 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

94

AKYPO LF 1

53563-70-5

Capryleth-6 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

90

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

27306-90-7

Laureth-6 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

92

AKYPO LF 2

53563-70-5

Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

89

AKYPO RLM 100

27306-90-7

Laureth-11 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

90

AKYPO LF 4

53563-70-5
105391-15-9

Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid +

Hexeth-4 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

89

AKYPO LF 6

53563-70-5
107600-34-0

Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid +

Buteth-2 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

87

MAIN PROPERTIES

High Foamability

FOAM BEHAVIOR

MAIN PROPERTIES

Ross Miles method; mL of foam vs time

1g am/L; RT; neutral pH

The AKYPO RLM range produces high foaming

levels with high foam stability. The foaming level is
between that of standard non-ionic surfactants and
SLES. Furthermore, the foam is dense and stable.

FOAM BEHAVIOR with pH

Low Foamability

Ross Miles method; RT; 1g a.m./L

200

mL foam

150
100
50
0
Non Ionic
Surfactant

SLES

AKYPO
RLM 100

AKYPO
RLM 45CA

Foam level
of typical
foaming
surfactants

200
150
mL foam

Low Foaming gives the name to the AKYPO LF range as

this is one of the main properties that makes this range so
special. They can be used in formulations that are to be
applied at high pressure and under extreme conditions that
require low levels of foam. As seen in the graph, the
AKYPO LF range is low foaming, especially at low pHs,
even more than common EO/PO surfactants.

100
50

AKYPO
RLM 25

0
3

5 sec

5 min

High Stability

GENERAL STABILITY
1% a.m. surfactant ; RT; 24h ; Maximum content in %

Electrolytes

AKYPO RLM 25

Acids

AKYPO LF range is capable of dispersing large quantities of

particulate soil, a well appreciated characteristic for heavyduty cleaners. This dispersing ability helps to remove the
dirt from surfaces and, above all, avoids its re-deposition by
suspending the dirt in the solution.

Alkali

MGDA.
3Na

EDTA.4Na

TKPP

Na2SiO3.
5H2O

HCl

H3PO4

NaOH

20

20

25

70

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

30

20

20

15

30

70

10

AKYPO RLM 100

20

20

20

15

30

70

15

Good

Bad

The chart shows the

lower transmittance given
by formulas containing
AKYPO LF, meaning that
particles are suspended
throughout the solution.

pH

13

EO/PO surfactant

AKYPO LF 1

AKYPO LF 4

AKYPO LF 6

AKYPO LF 2

ASSESSMENT OF THE DISPERSING ABILITY

Dispersing Ability
Although AKYPO RLM products have poorer stability in the presence of alkalis and electrolytes than AKYPO LF products, they
are still very stable in these solutions, and better than other anionic and non-ionic surfactants.

% Transmittance

Bad

75

50

25

Good

0
No
Hydrotrope
Additive

APG

SCS

AKYPO
LF Range

APG: Alkyl Polyglucoside

SCS: Sodium Cumene Sulfonate

AKYPO LF Range
HYDROTROPY TEST

Hydrotropy

INDUSTRIAL CLEANING

% of Hydrotrope (am) to make formulation clear

CLEANING ABILITY

High Pressure Cleaning

In Industrial & Institutional cleaners, it is common to use large

quantities of electrolytes. In this medium, non-ionic surfactants
usually give hazy formulations. The AKYPO LF range allows
clear and stable formulations using lower amounts of product
than other hydrotropic agents.

Bad

1,5

Road Film Truck Cleaning

Real Scale

AKYPO LF products have all the properties a high pressure cleaner needs:
low foamability, compatibility with electrolytes, stability in acid or basic
media and, specially, good dispersing ability. The following formula has
been tested both at laboratory scale and at real scale.

Good

Bad

Test Formula
Hydrotrope

MGDA.3Na

FINDET 10/18

HOUSEHOLD

pH 13

Deionized Water

Up to
100%

Good

0
APG

SCS

AKYPO
LF Range

* Fatty Alcohol C10 + 6EO

BEFORE

Standard
formula

AKYPO LF 4

2.5

Non-ionic surf.

Builders*

NaOH (50%)

Balanced and cost-effective Household products can be formulated with the addition of an AKYPO LF.

EFFECTIVENESS TEST

Ecolabel degreaser

IKW Test

AKYPO
LF 4

Up to 100

AFTER

* Blend of TKPP and MGDA.3Na

Cleaning in Place (CIP)

CIP FORMULATIONS

The surfactants used in CIP formulations have to be very effective, easily

rinsable and, above all, low foaming. In all these properties, the AKYPO LF
range achieves high marks. The graph shows the foam volume of a 1g am/L
surfactant solution at room temperature circulating in a closed system for 30
minutes. The solution is then kept steady and the foam is measured again
5 minutes later.

BEFORE

As an example, here is a remarkably effective formulation, as

the IKW test indicates (Recommendation for the Quality Assessment
of the Product Performance of All-Purpose Cleaners; SFW-Journal 130,
10-2004, pages 83-93). Additionally, with AKYPO LF 2, the

Market
Product

pH 11.5

Deionized Water

formulation meets the Ecolabel requirements.

CLEANING ABILITY
Laboratory Assessment
10% formula dilution; RT

0,5

KOH

High Pressure Cleaning

Formulation

CIRCULATION TEST METHOD

AFTER

AKYPO LF1

AKYPO LF2

circulation

AKYPO LF4

Blank

1.1

FINDET 1214N/19

2.5

NaOH (50%)
Deionized Water
* Fatty Alcohol C12-C14 + 7EO

pH 11.5
Up to 100

AKYPO LF

H3PO4 (75%)

97

AKYPO LF

NaClO (150g/L)

30

NaOH (50%)

16

Bayhibit-AM

Deionized Water

Up to
100

steady

AKYPO LF 2

Alkaline &
Disinfecting

1g am/L; RT; pH as is

Degreaser

Acid

AKYPO LF6

Market Product

Degreaser (1st replica)

EO/PO
0

nd

Degreaser (2 replica)

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

mL foam

AKYPO LF products exhibit different

behaviors in this test, showing comparable
or lower foaming ability than EO/PO
surfactants used in the field.

*Materials used in this formulation fulfil EU Ecolabel criteria

7

AKYPO RLM Range

AKYPO LF Range
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Just like the AKYPO LF range, AKYPO RLM products are liquid at room temperature and highly concentrated. Their main
application is Industrial Cleaning although they are suitable for Household applications thanks to their mildness.

Trademark

CAS Number

Chemical Description

Appearance
at 20C

% Active
Matter

AKYPO LF products are liquid at room temperature, highly concentrated and commercially available in acid form. They are used
singly or in combination for application in Industrial & Institutional formulations.

Trademark

CAS Number

Chemical Description

Appearance
at 20C

% Active
Matter

AKYPO RLM 25

27306-90-7

Laureth-4 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

94

AKYPO LF 1

53563-70-5

Capryleth-6 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

90

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

27306-90-7

Laureth-6 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

92

AKYPO LF 2

53563-70-5

Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

89

AKYPO RLM 100

27306-90-7

Laureth-11 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

90

AKYPO LF 4

53563-70-5
105391-15-9

Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid +

Hexeth-4 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

89

AKYPO LF 6

53563-70-5
107600-34-0

Capryleth-9 Carboxylic Acid +

Buteth-2 Carboxylic Acid

Liquid

87

MAIN PROPERTIES

High Foamability

FOAM BEHAVIOR

MAIN PROPERTIES

Ross Miles method; mL of foam vs time

1g am/L; RT; neutral pH

The AKYPO RLM range produces high foaming

levels with high foam stability. The foaming level is
between that of standard non-ionic surfactants and
SLES. Furthermore, the foam is dense and stable.

FOAM BEHAVIOR with pH

Low Foamability

Ross Miles method; RT; 1g a.m./L

200

mL foam

150
100
50
0
Non Ionic
Surfactant

SLES

AKYPO
RLM 100

AKYPO
RLM 45CA

Foam level
of typical
foaming
surfactants

200
150
mL foam

Low Foaming gives the name to the AKYPO LF range as

this is one of the main properties that makes this range so
special. They can be used in formulations that are to be
applied at high pressure and under extreme conditions that
require low levels of foam. As seen in the graph, the
AKYPO LF range is low foaming, especially at low pHs,
even more than common EO/PO surfactants.

100
50

AKYPO
RLM 25

0
3

5 sec

5 min

High Stability

GENERAL STABILITY
1% a.m. surfactant ; RT; 24h ; Maximum content in %

Electrolytes

AKYPO RLM 25

Acids

AKYPO LF range is capable of dispersing large quantities of

particulate soil, a well appreciated characteristic for heavyduty cleaners. This dispersing ability helps to remove the
dirt from surfaces and, above all, avoids its re-deposition by
suspending the dirt in the solution.

Alkali

MGDA.
3Na

EDTA.4Na

TKPP

Na2SiO3.
5H2O

HCl

H3PO4

NaOH

20

20

25

70

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

30

20

20

15

30

70

10

AKYPO RLM 100

20

20

20

15

30

70

15

Good

Bad

The chart shows the

lower transmittance given
by formulas containing
AKYPO LF, meaning that
particles are suspended
throughout the solution.

pH

13

EO/PO surfactant

AKYPO LF 1

AKYPO LF 4

AKYPO LF 6

AKYPO LF 2

ASSESSMENT OF THE DISPERSING ABILITY

Dispersing Ability
Although AKYPO RLM products have poorer stability in the presence of alkalis and electrolytes than AKYPO LF products, they
are still very stable in these solutions, and better than other anionic and non-ionic surfactants.

% Transmittance

Bad

75

50

25

Good

0
No
Hydrotrope
Additive

APG

SCS

AKYPO
LF Range

APG: Alkyl Polyglucoside

SCS: Sodium Cumene Sulfonate

AKYPO Range
Compatibility with . . .

FORMULATIONS GUIDELINE
HYPOCHLORITE STABILITY TEST

Oxidizing Agents

Industrial & Institutional

Presence of NaClO in solution (%) vs time

1% am Surfactant; 3% initial NaClO

The chemical structure of AKYPO products is not sensitive to

oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite or peroxides. The
graph shows the stability of sodium hypochlorite in the
presence of different surfactants during a storage period of 3
months at room temperature. It can be seen that the stability of
sodium hypochlorite in the presence of AKYPO surfactants is
comparable to that of Cocamine Oxide, a well known
surfactant used as a perfume solubilizer in chlorine-based
bleaches.

Considering all the aforementioned properties, AKYPO RLM products represent an excellent choice as the main anionic surfactant
in I&I formulations, especially the ones that require a large amount of foam in extreme conditions. Below are some guide
formulations showing the versatility of the AKYPO RLM range.

100%

75%

50%

25%

0%
0

30

60

90

days

AKYPO LF & RLM

Blank

Cocamine Oxide

Mono Alkylquat

Alkyl Polyglucoside

Alkaline Cleaner

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

NaOH (50%) O

10

OXIDET DMCLD*

OXIDET DMCLD*

Chelating Agent*

Phosphoric Acid

NaClO (150 g/L)

30

Deionized Water

Up to 100

Deionized Water

Up to 100

NaOH (50%)

10

* Cocamine Oxide

* MGDA.3Na

Market
Product INITIAL

Household
Chimney Cleaner

Disinfectants
Anionic surfactants can form complexes with ammonium-quats, used as biocides, inhibiting their disinfecting properties. The graph
below shows the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Benzalkonium Chloride (BzCl) required to prevent the growth of
Staphyloccocus Aureus in the presence of a fixed quantity (500 ppm) of different added surfactants.

The AKYPO RLM type exhibits lower inhibition and only a concentration of between 50 and 100 ppm of BzCl is needed. In the
case of AKYPO LF there is even synergy, and less biocide is needed to prevent microorganism growth.

2.4

OXIDET DMCLD*

8.3

NaOH

3.1

Monoethanolamine

Sodium Citrate

This special formulation is capable of

removing all the heavy dirt produced by
the combustion of wood inside a chimney.
Various tests in real conditions were
carried out, with outstanding results.

MIC (ppm)

10
1

without
surfactant

AKYPO LF 4

AKYPO RLM
25

AKYPO RLM
45 CA

soap

SLS

SLES

1.5

Deionized Water

APPLICATION

Up to 100

FIRST RINSE

Chimney Cleaner

Car Care
(see also Car Care brochure)

Car Shampoo

AKYPO RLM 45 CA

AKYPO RLM 100

SULFONAX *

AMIDET N*

Butyl Diglycol

FINDET 10/18**

H3PO4 (85%)

Citric Acid (50%)

Citric Acid (50%)

Deionized Water

Up to 100

Deionized Water

Bath Cleaner

100

Market Product

As an example of another Household product with

AKYPO RLM products, here is a concentrated bath
cleaner with a very mild profile and creamy foam.

1000

Disinfecting Cleaner

Up to 100

BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE COMPATIBILITY TEST

Disinfecting effect of BzCl solution in the presence of surfactants (500 ppm)

AKYPO RLM 25

Deionized Water
Typical anionic surfactants such as soap, SLS or SLES, clearly inhibit the disinfecting effect of BzCl, and it is necessary to increase the
concentration of biocide to over 100 ppm.

Acid Cleaner

* PEG-4 Rapeseedamide
** Fatty Alcohol C10+6EO

pH < 3
Up to 100

* Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid

AKYPO GENE KTS - the ultimate carpet cleaner

Stability in . . .

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
AKYPO GENE KTS is an optimized blend of an ether carboxylate and a polymer in a proportion that makes it a good carpet
cleaner and stain remover.

FOAM CONSISTENCY

MAIN PROPERTIES
-

PHYSICAL DATA

Good cleaning effect

No organic solvents
Good residue removal
Good anti-soiling effect
Superfine foam
Short drying time
Antistatic effect
Easy to apply in aerosol cans

Tap water contains calcium and magnesium ions. The stability

of a cleaning formulation and its performance are highly
dependent on water hardness.

Ionic Nature

Anionic

Active Matter

31 %

Appearance

Opaque Liquid

Freezing Point

0 C

pH Value

8.5 9.5

Viscosity (20C)

300 cPs

As a carpet cleaner should, AKYPO GENE KTS shows good cleaning action in conjunction with resistance against re-soiling. Not
only does it remove stains from the carpet, but it also deposits a protective layer on the surface of the textile. Its fast drying shortens
the cleaning time and its creamy foam allows the product to be spread evenly, leaving no untreated spots. Additionally, on synthetic
carpets the product has a remarkable antistatic effect.

FORMULATION REFERENCE

FORMULATION GUIDELINE
The mixture is used with a propellant in aerosol cans and produces finepored foam easy to spread. The formulation can also be used directly or
in spray with special Foam Formation Valve.
Once it is applied, it dries into macroscopic solid needles that are easily
removed by vacuum cleaner or a rag. This kind of formulation can be
used for either Household or Institutional applications.

AKYPO GENE KTS

20

Demineralized Water

79.5

Na2 Hydrogen Phosphate (.2H2O)

0.5

Cleaning Effect
A small area of a nylon carpet with common dirt was
cleaned with AKYPO GENE KTS and the rest with water. In
the picture below, comparative results after a few hours
drying time are shown.

Antistatic Effect

CLEANED AREA

Nylon
needle felt

Nylon
fitted carpet

10

AKYPO LF Range
AKYPO RLM Range
SLES
SLS
Soap
MEA LS
0

AKYPO products are very stable in the presence of acids.

Among them, the AKYPO LF types show the highest stability,
being compatible even with hydrofluoric acid and oxidizing
acids such as nitric acid.

Treatment
None

Max. charge of test person (V)

Leather sole

Plastic sole

- 2200

- 2800

AKYPO GENE
KTS

+ 48

+ 70

None

- 2600

- 3300

AKYPO GENE
KTS

+ 35

+ 55

Builders and electrolytes are commonly used in hard surface

cleaners to increase cleaning performance. AKYPO products
allow stable formulations to be prepared containing high
amounts of them. Fine tuning is needed to choose the best
AKYPO option depending on the electrolyte.

50

75

Maximum acid content in %; 24h; RT; 1% am

HCl

H3PO4

HNO3

HF

AKYPO LF

30

70

30

10

AKYPO RLM

30

70

STABILITY IN NaOH SOLUTIONS

Alkaline Media

Electrolytes

25

STABILITY IN ACID SOLUTIONS

Acid Media

Maximum NaOH content in %; 24h; RT; 1% am

0%

As seen below, tests carried out at Centraal Laboratorium

TNO in Holland demonstrate the outstanding antistatic effect
of AKYPO GENE KTS on synthetic fiber carpets.

Carpet

AREA WITH
COMMON DIRT

DIN 53905

According to DIN 53905 (Hard Water Stability Test), all

AKYPO products achieve the maximum score (75 points).
They are much more stable than other anionic surfactants like
Sodium or Monoethanolamine Lauryl Sulfates (SLS or MEA LS),
and therefore give more stable formulations with optimal
cleaning results.

As shown graphically, AKYPO products are more stable under

high alkaline conditions than other surfactants like Sodium
Laureth Sulfate or amine oxides. Low alkyl chain types,
AKYPO LF, show the highest alkaline compatibility, accepting
even 20% of sodium hydroxide.

APPLICATION TESTS

HARD WATER STABILITY TEST

Hard W ater

5%

10%

15%

20%

SLES

AKYPO RLM Range

Cocamine Oxide

AKYPO LF Range

STABILITY IN THE PRESENCE OF ELECTROLYTES

Maximum electrolyte content in %; 1month; RT; 1% am

MGDA.
3Na
AKYPO LF
AKYPO RLM

TKPP

Na2SiO3.
5H2O

30

20

15 - 20

5 - 30

20

1 - 15

TKPP: Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate

MGDA.3Na: Methylglycine Diacetic Acid. 3Na
Na2SiO3.5H2O: Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate

AKYPO Range

OH

AKYPO LM-40

- Open Plant Cleaning application

INTRODUCTION
Kao Chemicals Europe commercializes a wide range of anionic
surfactants under the product name AKYPO, which are
multifunctional additives recommended especially for
professional and industrial cleaning products and also for
household detergents.

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Product

AKYPO LF 1

C8

AKYPO LF 2

C8

AKYPO LF 4

C6 / C8

3+8

The AKYPO products are alkyl Ether Carboxylic Acids (ECAs)

AKYPO LF 6
C4 / C8
1+8
or their salts, with variable alkyl chain length (R) and various
AKYPO RLM 25
C12 / C14
2.5
degrees of ethoxylation (n). In terms of alkyl chain length, the
AKYPO products can be divided into two main categories, the
AKYPO RLM 45 CA
C12 / C14
4.5
AKYPO LF and AKYPO RLM ranges, each with its
AKYPO RLM 100
C12 / C14
10
characteristic application properties. The variable ethoxylation
degree also affects these properties. AKYPO LF types, whose
AKYPO GENE KTS
ECA + polymer
alkyl chain length ranges from C4 to C8, are low foaming
AKYPO LM-40
Optimized ECA
surfactants with high dispersing and hydrotropic abilities.
AKYPO RLM products are based on a C12-C14 alkyl chain and
their degree of ethoxylation ranges from 2.5 to 10 EO. They are
characterized by good foaming behavior at different pHs. Both categories exhibit outstanding stability under strong pH conditions,
and allow the formulation of cleaners with a high electrolyte and builder content.
In addition to the aforementioned products, the AKYPO range includes two specialty surfactants: AKYPO GENE KTS, an
optimized blend of an ECA and a polymer, which exhibits superior performance for carpet cleaners, and AKYPO LM-40, specially
designed as an excellent foaming agent for Open Plant Cleaners (OPC).

AKYPO LM-40 is a brand-new ether carboxylate surfactant specially designed for use in Open Plant Cleaning processes, mainly in
the Food and Beverage industry (Patent filed).

MAIN PROPERTIES
-

PHYSICAL DATA

Outstanding foam retention

Mild profile
Creamy and stable foam
Good eco-toxicity
Stable in extreme conditions
Concentrated and solvent-free

Application time
Formulations are diluted with
water before being introduced in
to the appropriate foaming device.

FOAMABILITY
Comparison of foam levels using Ross-Miles method
1g am/L ; RT; neutral pH

Foaming ability and foam control are extremely important

properties to be considered in a cleaning formulation.

The brand name AKYPO LF stands for Low Foaming ECAs.

Their foaming behavior is comparable to, or even lower than
that of typical Ethoxylated-Propoxylated (EO/PO) non-ionic
surfactants, usually used for low foaming cleaners. Conversely,
longer alkyl chain length ECAs, like the AKYPO RLM range,
exhibit high levels of foam. The foam formed is dense and
stable but at the same time easily rinsed.

Clear, colorless to pale

yellowish liquid

pH Value (1%)

2.0 3.5

Viscosity (20C)

100 - 500 cPs

AKYPO LM-40

Product is applied at a dilution of 1-10% and left to act for some time.

Ratio AKYPO LM 40 / Am
AKYPO LM-40 reaches its best performance in alkaline formulations combined with amphoteric surfactants at specific ratios.
4/1 3/1 such
2/1 as
1.5/1
1/1 Oxides
4/1 3/1 2/1
Foam ability and retention time depend on the ratio between AKYPO LM-40 and amphoteric surfactants
Amine

(e.g. OXIDET DMCLD or OXIDET DM-20) or Sulfobetaines (BETADET SHR or

BETADET
S-20). These amphoteric surfactants
OXIDET
DMCLD
are selected according to the alkali content.
BETADET SHR
AKYPO LM-40 / OXIDET DMCLD:
from 4/1 to 1.5/1
BETADET S-20
AKYPO LM-40 / BETADET SHR:
from 2/1 to 1/1

AKYPO LM-40 / BETADET S-20:

from 3/1 to 1.5/1

5% NaOH

10% Na

150
mL foam

The foam behavior of a detergent is very much dependent on

the formulation's characteristics, such as, pH value, electrolyte
content, surfactant type and concentration, among others.

200

Appearance

Standard
Anionic
Surfactant

Kao is a company fully committed to the environment and recognized as one of the world leaders in environmental responsibility.
In accordance with Kaos general policy, the AKYPO range meets the highest standards of quality. They are readily biodegradable
products, show good aquatic toxicity and can be used in ecological and green certified formulations. Despite the fact that most
cleaning formulations, and particularly those for Industrial application, are highly aggressive, the AKYPO products, once
neutralized, exhibit a very mild profile and are highly recommended for Household products too.

Foam Behavior

min. 90 %

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION: FOAM RETENTION

ECOTOXICOLOGIC PROFILE & MILDNESS

MAIN PROPERTIES

Active Matter

Ratio AKYPO LM 40 / Amphoteric surfactant

100

4/1 3/1

50

Excellent FOAM RETENTION

OXIDET DMCLD

Conventional FOAM RETENTION

BETADET SHR

0
5 sec

5 min

Not suitable FOAM QUALITY

BETADET S-20
AKYPO LF Range
AKYPO RLM Range

EO/PO Surfactant
SLES

Outstanding FOAM RETENTION

2/1 1.5/1 1/1 4/1 3/1 2/1 1.5/1 1/1 4/1 3/1 2/1 1.5/1 1/1

5% NaOH

10% NaOH

15% NaOH

Not feasible formulation

SLES: Sodium Laureth Sulfate

Outstanding FOAM RETENTION

11
Excellent FOAM RETENTION

Mission
Our Mission is to strive for the wholehearted satisfaction
and enrichment of the lives of people globally through
the Companys core domain of value added chemicals.
Fully committed to this mission, all members of the Kao
Group work together with passion to provide products of
excellent value created from the customers perspective.
In so doing, we share joy with the customer.

AKYPO

Vision
We aim to be a global group of companies that is closest
to the customer in each market, earning the respect and
trust of all stakeholders and contributing towards the
sustainable development of society.
Trademark

Kao Chemicals Europe

Chemical Description

Appearance (20C)

Active Matter (%)

www.kaochemicals-eu.com

Kao Corporation, S.A.

Puig dels Tudons, 10
E-08210 Barber del Valls
(Barcelona) Spain
Tel: +34 93 7399-300
Fax:+34 93 7399-377
e-mail:sales@kao.es

Kao Chemicals GmbH

Kupferstrasse 1
D-46446 Emmerich, Germany
Tel: +49(0)2822 711-0
Fax:+49(0)2822 711-201
e-mail:sales@kaochemicals.de

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