Chapter 12, Solution 1.

(a)

If Vab = 400 , then

Van =

400
3

- 30 = 231 - 30 V

Vbn = 231 - 150 V

Vcn = 231 - 270 V
(b)

For the acb sequence,

Vab = Van Vbn = Vp 0 Vp 120

1
3
Vab = Vp 1 + j = Vp 3 - 30
2
2
i.e. in the acb sequence, Vab lags Van by 30.
Hence, if Vab = 400 , then
Van =

400
3

30 = 23130 V

Vbn = 231150 V
Vcn = 231 - 90 V

Chapter 12, Solution 2.

Since phase c lags phase a by 120, this is an acb sequence.
Vbn = 160(30 + 120) = 160150 V

Chapter 12, Solution 3.

Since Vbn leads Vcn by 120, this is an abc sequence.
Van = 208(130 + 120) = 208 250 V

Chapter 12, Solution 4.

Vbc = Vca 120 = 208140 V
Vab = Vbc 120 = 208260 V

Van =

Vab
3 30

208260
3 30

= 120230 V

Vbn = Van - 120 = 120110 V

Chapter 12, Solution 5.

This is an abc phase sequence.
Vab = Van 3 30

or

Van =

Vab
3 30

4200
3 30

= 242.5 - 30 V

Vbn = Van - 120 = 242.5 - 150 V

Vcn = Van 120 = 242.590 V

Chapter 12, Solution 6.

Z Y = 10 + j5 = 11.1826.56

The line currents are

Van
220 0
=
= 19.68 - 26.56 A
Ia =
Z Y 11.1826.56
I b = I a - 120 = 19.68 - 146.56 A
I c = I a 120 = 19.6893.44 A

The line voltages are

Vab = 200 3 30 = 38130 V
Vbc = 381 - 90 V
Vca = 381 - 210 V
The load voltages are
VAN = I a Z Y = Van = 2200 V
VBN = Vbn = 220 - 120 V
VCN = Vcn = 220120 V

Chapter 12, Solution 7.

This is a balanced Y-Y system.

4400 V

ZY = 6 j8

Using the per-phase circuit shown above,

4400
Ia =
= 4453.13 A
6 j8
I b = I a - 120 = 44 - 66.87 A
I c = I a 120 = 44173.13 A

Chapter 12, Solution 8.

VL = 220 V ,

I an =

Vp
ZY

I L = 6.918 A

Z Y = 16 + j9

VL
3 ZY

220
3 (16 + j9)

= 6.918 - 29.36

Chapter 12, Solution 9.

Ia =

Van
120 0
= 4.8 - 36.87 A
=
Z L + Z Y 20 + j15

I b = I a - 120 = 4.8 - 156.87 A

I c = I a 120 = 4.883.13 A
As a balanced system, I n = 0 A

Chapter 12, Solution 10.

Since the neutral line is present, we can solve this problem on a per-phase basis.
For phase a,
Ia =

Van
220 0
= 6.5536.53
=
Z A + 2 27 j20

Ib =

Vbn
220 - 120
=
= 10 - 120
ZB + 2
22

Ic =

Vcn
220 120
= 16.92 97.38
=
ZC + 2
12 + j5

For phase b,

For phase c,

The current in the neutral line is

I n = -(I a + I b + I c )
or
- In = Ia + Ib + Ic
- I n = (5.263 + j3.9) + (-5 j8.66) + (-2.173 + j16.78)
I n = 1.91 j12.02 = 12.17 - 81 A

Chapter 12, Solution 11.

Van =

Vbc
3 - 90

VBC

3 - 90

22010
3 - 90

Van = 127 100 V

VAB = VBC 120 = 220130 V
VAC = VBC - 120 = 220 - 110 V
If I bB = 30 60 , then
I aA = 30180 ,
I AB =

I aA
3 - 30

I cC = 30 - 60
=

30180
3 - 30

I BC = 17.3290 ,

= 17.32210

I CA = 17.32 - 30

I AC = -I CA = 17.32150 A

I BC Z = VBC
Z=

VBC
220 0
=
= 12.7 - 80
I BC 17.32 90

Chapter 12, Solution 12.

Convert the delta-load to a wye-load and apply per-phase analysis.

Ia
1100 V

ZY =

Z
= 20 45
3

ZY

1100
= 5.5 - 45 A
2045
I b = I a - 120 = 5.5 - 165 A

Ia =

I c = I a 120 = 5.575 A

Chapter 12, Solution 13.

First we calculate the wye equivalent of the balanced load.
ZY = (1/3)Z = 6+j5
Now we only need to calculate the line currents using the wye-wye circuits.
110
= 6.471 61.93 A
2 + j10 + 6 + j5
110 120
Ib =
= 6.471178.07 A
8 + j15
110120
Ic =
= 6.47158.07 A
8 + j15

Ia =

Chapter 12, Solution 14.

We apply mesh analysis.

1 + j 2

a
+
1000 o V
-

ZL
ZL
I3

n
100120 o V
+
c

I1

100120 o V
+
b

I2

C
Z L = 12 + j12

1 + j 2

1 + j 2
For mesh 1,
100 + 100120 o + I 1 (14 + j16) (1 + j 2) I 2 (12 + j12) I 3 = 0
or
(14 + j16) I 1 (1 + j 2) I 2 (12 + j12) I 3 = 100 + 50 j86.6 = 150 j86.6 (1)
For mesh 2,
100120 o 100 120 o I 1 (1 + j 2) (12 + j12) I 3 + (14 + j16) I 2 = 0
or
(1 + j 2) I 1 + (14 + j16) I 2 (12 + j12) I 3 = 50 j86.6 + 50 j86.6 = j173.2 (2)
For mesh 3,
(12 + j12) I 1 (12 + j12) I 2 + (36 + j 36) I 3 = 0
(3)
Solving (1) to (3) gives
I 1 = 3.161 j19.3,

I 2 = 10.098 j16.749,

I aA = I 1 = 19.58 99.3 A
o

I bB = I 2 I 1 = 7.392159.8 o A
I cC = I 2 = 19.5658.91o A

I 3 = 4.4197 j12.016

Chapter 12, Solution 15.

Convert the delta load, Z , to its equivalent wye load.

Z Ye =

Z
= 8 j10
3

Z p = Z Y || Z Ye =

(12 + j5)(8 j10)

= 8.076 - 14.68
20 j5

Z p = 7.812 j2.047

Z T = Z p + Z L = 8.812 j1.047
Z T = 8.874 - 6.78

We now use the per-phase equivalent circuit.

Vp
210
Ia =
,
where Vp =
Zp + ZL
3
Ia =

210
3 (8.874 - 6.78)

= 13.66 6.78

I L = I a = 13.66 A

Chapter 12, Solution 16.

(a)

I CA = - I AC = 10(-30 + 180) = 10150

This implies that
I AB = 10 30
I BC = 10 - 90
I a = I AB 3 - 30 = 17.320 A

I b = 17.32 - 120 A
I c = 17.32120 A
(b)

Z =

VAB 110 0
=
= 11 - 30
I AB 10 30

Chapter 12, Solution 17.

Convert the -connected load to a Y-connected load and use per-phase analysis.

ZL

Van

ZY =
Ia =

Ia

ZY

Z
= 3 + j4
3

Van
120 0
=
= 19.931 - 48.37
Z Y + Z L (3 + j4) + (1 + j0.5)

But
I AB =

I a = I AB 3 - 30
19.931 - 48.37
3 - 30

= 11.51 - 18.37 A

I BC = 11.51 - 138.4 A
I CA = 11.51101.6 A
VAB = I AB Z = (11.51 - 18.37)(1553.13)
VAB = 172.634.76 V

VBC = 172.6 - 85.24 V

VCA = 172.6154.8 V

Chapter 12, Solution 18.

VAB = Van 3 30 = (440 60)( 3 30) = 762.190
Z = 12 + j9 = 1536.87

I AB =

VAB 762.190
= 50.8153.13 A
=
Z 1536.87

I BC = I AB - 120 = 50.81 - 66.87 A

I CA = I AB 120 = 50.81173.13 A

Chapter 12, Solution 19.

Z = 30 + j10 = 31.62 18.43

The phase currents are

Vab
1730
I AB =
= 5.47 - 18.43 A
=
Z 31.62 18.43
I BC = I AB - 120 = 5.47 - 138.43 A

I CA = I AB 120 = 5.47 101.57 A

The line currents are
I a = I AB I CA = I AB 3 - 30
I a = 5.47 3 - 48.43 = 9.474 - 48.43 A

I b = I a - 120 = 9.474 - 168.43 A

I c = I a 120 = 9.47471.57 A

Chapter 12, Solution 20.

Z = 12 + j9 = 1536.87

The phase currents are

2100
= 14 - 36.87 A
1536.87
= I AB - 120 = 14 - 156.87 A

I AB =
I BC

I CA = I AB 120 = 1483.13 A
The line currents are
I a = I AB 3 - 30 = 24.25 - 66.87 A
I b = I a - 120 = 24.25 - 186.87 A
I c = I a 120 = 24.2553.13 A

Chapter 12, Solution 21.

(a)

I AC =

230120
230120
=
= 17.96 98.66 A(rms)
10 + j8
12.80638.66

230 120 2300

10 + j8
10 + j8
= 17.96 158.66 17.96 38.66
= 16.729 j6.536 14.024 + j11.220 = 30.75 + j4.684
= 31.10171.34 A

I bB = I BC + I BA = I BC I AB =
(b)

Chapter 12, Solution 22.

Convert the -connected source to a Y-connected source.
Vp
208
Van =
- 30 =
- 30 = 120 - 30
3
3
Convert the -connected load to a Y-connected load.
Z
(4 + j6)(4 j5)
Z = Z Y || = (4 + j6) || (4 j5) =
3
8+ j

Z = 5.723 j0.2153
ZL

Van

Ia

Ia =

Van
120 30
=
= 15.53 - 28.4 A
Z L + Z 7.723 j0.2153

I b = I a - 120 = 15.53 - 148.4 A

I c = I a 120 = 15.5391.6 A

Chapter 12, Solution 23.

(a) I AB =

V AB
208
=
Z
2560 o

I a = I AB

208 3 30 o
3 30 =
= 14.411 90 o
o
2560
o

I L =| I a |= 14.41 A

208 3
cos 60 o = 2.596 kW
(b) P = P1 + P2 = 3VL I L cos = 3 (208)

25

Chapter 12, Solution 24.

Convert both the source and the load to their wye equivalents.
Z
= 20 30 = 17.32 + j10
ZY =
3

Van =

Vab
3

- 30 = 240.20

We now use per-phase analysis.

1+j

Van

Ia =

Ia

2030

Van
240.2
=
= 11.24 - 31 A
(1 + j) + (17.32 + j10) 21.37 31

I b = I a - 120 = 11.24 - 151 A

I c = I a 120 = 11.2489 A

But
I AB =

I a = I AB 3 - 30
11.24 - 31
3 - 30

= 6.489 - 1 A

I BC = I AB - 120 = 6.489 - 121 A

I CA = I AB 120 = 6.489119 A

Chapter 12, Solution 25.

Convert the delta-connected source to an equivalent wye-connected source and
consider the single-phase equivalent.
Ia =

where

440 (10 30)

3 ZY

Z Y = 3 + j2 + 10 j8 = 13 j6 = 14.32 - 24.78
Ia =

440 - 20
3 (14.32 - 24.78)

= 17.744.78 A

I b = I a - 120 = 17.74 - 115.22 A

I c = I a 120 = 17.74124.78 A

Chapter 12, Solution 26.

Transform the source to its wye equivalent.
Vp
Van =
- 30 = 72.17 - 30
3
Now, use the per-phase equivalent circuit.
Van
,
Z = 24 j15 = 28.3 - 32
I aA =
Z

I aA =

72.17 - 30
= 2.55 2 A
28.3 - 32

I bB = I aA - 120 = 2.55 - 118 A

I cC = I aA 120 = 2.55122 A

Chapter 12, Solution 27.

Ia =

Vab - 30
3 ZY

220 - 10
3 (20 + j15)

I a = 5.081 - 46.87 A
I b = I a - 120 = 5.081 - 166.87 A
I c = I a 120 = 5.08173.13 A

Chapter 12, Solution 28.

Let

Vab = 4000
Ia =

Van - 30
3 ZY

400 - 30
3 (30 - 60)

= 7.7 30

I L = I a = 7.7 A
VAN = I a Z Y =

Van
3

- 30 = 230.94 - 30

Vp = VAN = 230.9 V

Chapter 12, Solution 29.

P = 3Vp I p cos ,

Vp =

VL
3

IL = Ip

P = 3 VL I L cos
IL =

P
3 VL cos

ZY =

Vp
Ip

VL
3 IL

5000
240 3 (0.6)

= 20.05 = I p

240
3 (20.05)

= 6.911

cos = 0.6
= 53.13
Z Y = 6.911 - 53.13 (leading)
Z Y = 4.15 j5.53

S=

P 5000
=
= 8333
pf
0.6

Q = S sin = 6667
S = 5000 j6667 VA

Chapter 12, Solution 30.

Since this a balanced system, we can replace it by a per-phase equivalent, as
shown below.

+
Vp

ZL

S = 3S p =

S=

3V 2 p
,
Z*p

Vp =

VL
3

V 2L
(208) 2
=
= 1.442145 o kVA
Z * p 30 45 o

P = S cos = 1.02 kW

Chapter 12, Solution 31.

(a)

Pp = 6,000,

cos = 0.8,

Sp =

PP
= 6 / 0.8 = 7.5 kVA
cos

Q p = S P sin = 4.5 kVAR

S = 3S p = 3(6 + j 4.5) = 18 + j13.5 kVA
For delta-connected load, Vp = VL= 240 (rms). But
S=

3V 2 p
Z*p

Z*p =

3V 2 p
3(240) 2
=
,
S
(18 + j13.5) x10 3
6000

(b)

Pp = 3VL I L cos

(c )

We find C to bring the power factor to unity

Qc = Q p = 4.5 kVA

IL =

C=

Chapter 12, Solution 32.

S = 3 VL I L

S = S = 3 VL I L = 50 10 3
IL =

5000
3 (440)

= 65.61 A

3 x 240 x0.8

Z P = 6.144 + j 4.608

= 18.04 A

Qc
4500
=
= 207.2 F
2
V rms 2x60 x 240 2

For a Y-connected load,

I p = I L = 65.61 ,

Z =

Vp
Ip

Vp =

VL
3

440

= 254.03

254.03
= 3.872
65.61

Z = Z ,

= cos -1 (0.6) = 53.13

Z = (3.872)(cos + j sin )
Z = (3.872)(0.6 + j0.8)

Z = 2.323 + j3.098

Chapter 12, Solution 33.

S = 3 VL I L
S = S = 3 VL I L
For a Y-connected load,
VL = 3 Vp
IL = Ip ,
S = 3 Vp I p
IL = Ip =

S
4800
=
= 7.69 A
3 Vp (3)(208)

VL = 3 Vp = 3 208 = 360.3 V

Chapter 12, Solution 34.

Vp =

Ia =

VL
3

Vp
ZY

220
3

200

3 (10 j16)

= 6.7358

I L = I p = 6.73 A
S = 3 VL I L = 3 220 6.73 - 58
S = 1359 j2174.8 VA

Chapter 12, Solution 35.

(a) This is a balanced three-phase system and we can use per phase equivalent
circuit. The delta-connected load is converted to its wye-connected equivalent

Z '' y =

1
Z = (60 + j 30) / 3 = 20 + j10
3
IL
+

230 V
-

Zy

Z y = Z ' y // Z '' y = (40 + j10) //( 20 + j10) = 13.5 + j 5.5

IL =

230
= 14.61 j 5.953 A
13.5 + j 5.5

(b) S = Vs I * L = 3.361 + j1.368 kVA

(c ) pf = P/S = 0.9261

Zy

Chapter 12, Solution 36.

S = 1 [0.75 + sin(cos-10.75) ] =0.75 + 0.6614 MVA

(a)
(b) S = 3V p I * p

I*p =

S
(0.75 + j 0.6614) x10 6
=
= 59.52 + j 52.49
3V p
3x 4200

PL =| I p | 2 Rl = (79.36) 2 (4) = 25.19 kW

(c) Vs = VL + I p (4 + j ) = 4.4381 j 0.21 kV = 4.443 - 2.709 o kV

Chapter 12, Solution 37.

S=

P
12
=
= 20
pf 0.6

S = S = 20 = 12 j16 kVA
But

IL =

S = 3 VL I L

20 10 3
3 208

S = 3 Ip

= 55.51 A

Zp

For a Y-connected load, I L = I p .

Zp =

3 IL

(12 j16) 10 3
=
(3)(55.51) 2

Z p = 1.298 j1.731

Chapter 12, Solution 38.

As a balanced three-phase system, we can use the per-phase equivalent shown

below.
Ia =

1100
1100
=
(1 + j2) + (9 + j12) 10 + j14

Sp =

1
I
2 a

ZY =

1
(110) 2

(9 + j12)
2 (10 2 + 14 2 )

The complex power is

3 (110) 2
S = 3S p =
(9 + j12)
2 296
S = 551.86 + j735.81 VA

Chapter 12, Solution 39.

Consider the system shown below.

5

a
100120
c

+
100-120

1000

5
b

8
B

I2

-j6

I1

j3

I3

C
10

For mesh 1,
100 = (18 j6) I 1 5 I 2 (8 j6) I 3

(1)

100 - 120 = 20 I 2 5 I 1 10 I 3
20 - 120 = - I 1 + 4 I 2 2 I 3

(2)

For mesh 2,

For mesh 3,
0 = - (8 j6) I 1 10 I 2 + (22 j3) I 3

(3)

To eliminate I 2 , start by multiplying (1) by 2,

200 = (36 j12) I 1 10 I 2 (16 j12) I 3

(4)

Subtracting (3) from (4),

200 = (44 j18) I 1 (38 j15) I 3

(5)

Multiplying (2) by 5 4 ,
25 - 120 = -1.25 I 1 + 5 I 2 2.5 I 3

(6)

Adding (1) and (6),

87.5 j21.65 = (16.75 j6) I 1 (10.5 j6) I 3

(7)

In matrix form, (5) and (7) become

44 j18 - 38 + j15 I 1

200
87.5 j12.65 = 16.75 j6 - 10.5 + j6 I
3

= 192.5 j26.25 ,

1 = 900.25 j935.2 ,

3 = 110.3 j1327.6

I1 =

1 1298.1 - 46.09
= 6.682 - 38.33 = 5.242 j4.144
=
194.28 - 7.76

I3 =

3 1332.2 - 85.25
=
= 6.857 - 77.49 = 1.485 j6.694

194.28 - 7.76

We obtain I 2 from (6),

1
1
I 2 = 5 - 120 + I 1 + I 3
4
2
I 2 = (-2.5 j4.33) + (1.3104 j1.0359) + (0.7425 j3.347)
I 2 = -0.4471 j8.713

The average power absorbed by the 8- resistor is

2

P1 = I 1 I 3 (8) = 3.756 + j2.551 (8) = 164.89 W

The average power absorbed by the 4- resistor is
2

P2 = I 3 (4) = (6.8571) 2 (4) = 188.1 W

The average power absorbed by the 10- resistor is

2
2
P3 = I 2 I 3 (10) = - 1.9321 j2.019 (10) = 78.12 W
Thus, the total real power absorbed by the load is
P = P1 + P2 + P3 = 431.1 W

Chapter 12, Solution 40.

Transform the delta-connected load to its wye equivalent.
Z
ZY =
= 7 + j8
3
Using the per-phase equivalent circuit above,
100 0
Ia =
= 8.567 - 46.75
(1 + j0.5) + (7 + j8)
For a wye-connected load,
I p = I a = I a = 8.567
S = 3 Ip

Z p = (3)(8.567) 2 (7 + j8)

P = Re(S) = (3)(8.567) 2 (7) = 1.541 kW

Chapter 12, Solution 41.

S=

P 5 kW
=
= 6.25 kVA
pf
0.8

But
IL =

S = 3 VL I L
S
3 VL

6.25 10 3
3 400

= 9.021 A

Chapter 12, Solution 42.

The load determines the power factor.
40
tan =
= 1.333
= 53.13
30

pf = cos = 0.6 (leading)

7.2
S = 7.2 j (0.8) = 7.2 j9.6 kVA
0.6
S = 3 Ip

But
Ip

Zp

S
(7.2 j9.6) 10 3
= 80
=
3Zp
(3)(30 j40)

I p = 8.944 A
I L = I p = 8.944 A
VL =

S
3 IL

12 10 3
3 (8.944)

= 774.6 V

Chapter 12, Solution 43.

S = 3 Ip

Zp ,

I p = I L for Y-connected loads

S = (3)(13.66) 2 (7.812 j2.047)

S = 4.373 j1.145 kVA

Chapter 12, Solution 44.

For a -connected load,

Vp = VL ,
IL = 3 Ip
S = 3 VL I L
IL =

S
3 VL

(12 2 + 5 2 ) 10 3
3 (240)

= 31.273

At the source,
VL' = VL + I L Z L
VL' = 2400 + (31.273)(1 + j3)
VL' = 271.273 + j93.819
VL' = 287.04 V

Also, at the source,

S ' = 3VL' I *L

S ' = 3 (271.273 + j93.819)(31.273)

93.819
= 19.078
= tan -1
271.273
pf = cos = 0.9451

Chapter 12, Solution 45.

S = 3 VL I L
IL =

IL =

S -
3 VL

(635.6) -
3 440

S =

P 450 10 3
=
= 635.6 kVA
pf
0.708

= 834 - 45 A

At the source,
VL = 440 0 + I L (0.5 + j2)

VL
VL
VL
VL

= 440 + (834 - 45)(2.062 76)

= 440 + 1719.7 31
= 1914.1 + j885.7
= 2.10924.83 V

Chapter 12, Solution 46.

For the wye-connected load,
IL = Ip ,
VL = 3 Vp

S = 3 Vp I *p =

S=

VL

Z*

3 Vp

Z*

I p = Vp Z

3 VL

(110) 2
=
= 121 W
100

S = 3V I =

S=

Z*

For the delta-connected load,

Vp = VL ,
IL = 3 Ip ,

*
p p

3 Vp
Z*

3 VL

I p = Vp Z
2

Z*

(3)(110) 2
= 363 W
100

This shows that the delta-connected load will deliver three times more average
Z
power than the wye-connected load. This is also evident from Z Y = .
3
Chapter 12, Solution 47.
pf = 0.8 (lagging)
= cos -1 (0.8) = 36.87
S1 = 250 36.87 = 200 + j150 kVA
pf = 0.95 (leading)
= cos -1 (0.95) = -18.19
S 2 = 300 - 18.19 = 285 j93.65 kVA

pf = 1.0
= cos -1 (1) = 0
S 3 = 450 kVA
S T = S1 + S 2 + S 3 = 935 + j56.35 = 936.7 3.45 kVA
S T = 3 VL I L
IL =

936.7 10 3
3 (13.8 10 3 )

= 39.19 A rms

pf = cos = cos(3.45) = 0.9982 (lagging)

Chapter 12, Solution 48.

(a) We first convert the delta load to its equivalent wye load, as shown below.
A
A
18-j12

ZA

40+j15

ZB
ZC
C

B
60

ZA =

(40 + j15)(18 j12)

= 7.577 j1.923
118 + j 3

ZB =

60(40 + j15).
= 20.52 j 7.105
118 + j 3

ZC =

60(18 j12)
= 8.992 j 6.3303
118 + j 3

The system becomes that shown below.

2+j3

+
240<0o
240<120
+
c

I2

ZA
I1
o

240<-120
+
b

ZB

ZC

2+j3
B

2+j3
We apply KVL to the loops. For mesh 1,
240 + 240 120 o + I 1 (2Z l + Z A + Z B ) I 2 ( Z B + Z l ) = 0
or
(32.097 + j11.13) I 1 (22.52 + j10.105) I 2 = 360 + j 207.85
For mesh 2,
240120 o 240 120 o I 1 ( Z B + Z l ) + I 2 (2Z l + Z B + Z C ) = 0
or

(1)

(22.52 + j10.105) I 1 + (33.51 + j 6.775) I 2 = j 415.69

Solving (1) and (2) gives
I 1 = 23.75 j 5.328,
I 2 = 15.165 j11.89

(2)

I aA = I 1 = 24.34 12.64 o A,

I bB = I 2 I 1 = 10.81 142.6 o A

I cC = I 2 = 19.27141.9 o A
(b)

S a = (2400 o )(24.3412.64 o ) = 5841.612.64 o

S b = (240 120 o )(10.81142.6 o ) = 2594.422.6 o
S b = (240120 o )(19.27 141.9 o ) = 4624.8 21.9 o
S = S a + S b + S c = 12.386 + j 0.55 kVA = 12.42.54 o kVA

Chapter 12, Solution 49.

(a) For the delta-connected load, Z p = 20 + j10,
S=

V p = VL = 220 (rms) ,

3V 2 p
3 x 220 2
=
= 5808 + j 2904 = 6.94326.56 o kVA
*
(20 j10)
Z p

(b) For the wye-connected load, Z p = 20 + j10,

S=

V p = VL / 3 ,

3V 2 p
3 x 220 2
=
= 2.16426.56 o kVA
*
3(20 j10)
Z p

Chapter 12, Solution 50.

S = S 1 + S 2 = 8(0.6 + j 0.8) = 4.8 + j 6.4 kVA,

Hence,

S 1 = 3 kVA

S 2 = S S 1 = 1.8 + j 6.4 kVA

But S 2 =

Z*p =

3V 2 p
,
Z*p

Vp =

VL
3

V *L
240 2
=
(1.8 + j 6.4) x10 3
S2

S2 =

.V 2 L
Z*p

Z p = 2.346 + j8.34

Chapter 12, Solution 51.

Apply mesh analysis to the circuit as shown below.
Za

150120

1500

i1
Zb

150-120

i2
Zc

For mesh 1,
- 150 + (Z a + Z b ) I 1 Z b I 2 = 0
150 = (18 + j) I 1 (12 + j9) I 2

(1)

For mesh 2,
- 150 - 120 + (Z b + Z c ) I 2 Z b I 1 = 0
150 - 120 = (27 + j9) I 2 (12 + j9) I 1
From (1) and (2),
18 + j - 12 j9 I 1

150
150 - 120 = - 12 j9 27 + j9 I
2

= 414 j27 ,

1 = 3780.9 + j3583.8 ,

(2)

2 = 579.9 j1063.2

I1 =

1 5209.543.47
=
= 12.56 47.2
414.88 - 3.73

I2 =

2 1211.1 - 61.39
=
= 2.919 - 57.66

414.88 - 3.73

I a = I 1 = 12.5647.2 A
I b = I 2 I1 =

Ib =

2 1 - 3201 j4647
=

5642.3235.44
= 13.6239.17 A
414.88 - 3.73

I c = - I 2 = 2.919122.34 A

Chapter 12, Solution 52.

Since the neutral line is present, we can solve this problem on a per-phase basis.
Van 120 120
=
= 6 60
Ia =
20 60
Z AN
Ib =

Vbn 120 0
=
= 4 0
30 0
Z BN

Vcn 120 - 120

=
= 3 - 150
40 30
Z CN

Ic =

Thus,
- In
- In
- In
- In

= Ia + Ib + Ic
= 6 60 + 4 0 + 3 - 150
= (3 + j5.196) + (4) + (-2.598 j1.5)
= 4.405 + j3.696 = 5.7540

I n = 5.75 220 A

Chapter 12, Solution 53.

Vp =

250
3

Since we have the neutral line, we can use per-phase equivalent circuit for each
phase.
2500
1
Ia =

= 3.608 - 60 A
4060
3
Ib =

Ic =

250 - 120
3
250120
3

1
= 2.406 - 75 A
60 - 45

1
= 7.217 120 A
200

- In = Ia + Ib + Ic
- I n = (1.804 j3.125) + (0.6227 j2.324) + (-3.609 + j6.25)
I n = 1.1823 j0.801 = 1.428 - 34.12 A

Chapter 12, Solution 54.

Consider the circuit shown below.

Ia

Vp0

IAB
Vp120
+

50

Vp-120

j50

C
-j50

VAB = Vab = 100 3 30

I AB =

VAB 100 3 30
=
= 3.464 30 A
50
Z AB

I BC =

VBC 100 3 - 90
=
= 3.4640 A
50 - 90
Z BC

I CA =

VCA 100 3 150

=
= 3.46460 A
5090
Z CA

Chapter 12, Solution 55.

Consider the circuit shown below.
Ia

2200

220120
+

60 + j80

I1

220-120
+
b

100 j120
Ib

30 + j40

I2
Ic
For mesh 1,
220 - 120 220 0 + (160 j40) I 1 (100 j120) I 2 = 0
11 11 - 120 = (8 j2) I 1 (5 j6) I 2

(1)

For mesh 2,
220 120 220 - 120 + (130 j80) I 2 (100 j120) I 1 = 0
11 - 120 11120 = - (5 j6) I 1 + (6.5 j4) I 2

(2)

From (1) and (2),

16.5 + j9.526 8 j2 - 5 + j6 I 1
- j19.053 = - 5 + j6 6.5 - j4 I

= 55 + j15 ,

1 = 31.04 j99.35 ,

2 = 101.55 j203.8

I1 =

1 104.08 - 72.65
= 1.8257 - 87.91
=

57.0115.26

I2 =

2 227.7 - 63.51
=
= 3.994 - 78.77

57.0115.26

I a = I 1 = 1.8257 - 87.91

I b = I 2 I1 =

2 1 70.51 j104.45
=
= 2.211 - 71.23

55 + j15

I c = - I 2 = 3.994101.23
SA = Ia

Z AN = (1.8257) 2 (60 + j80) = 199.99 + j266.7

SB = Ib

Z BN = (2.211) 2 (100 j120) = 488.9 j586.6

SC = Ic

Z CN = (3.994) 2 (30 + j40) = 478.6 + j638.1

S = S A + S B + S C = 1167.5 + j318.2 VA

Chapter 12, Solution 56.

(a)

Consider the circuit below.

4400 +

440120

j10

I1
b

+
440-120

I2

I3

-j5

20
C

c
For mesh 1,
440 - 120 4400 + j10 (I 1 I 3 ) = 0
I1 I 3 =

(440)(1.5 + j0.866)
= 76.21 - 60
j10

(1)

For mesh 2,
440120 440 - 120 + 20 (I 2 I 3 ) = 0

I3 I2 =

(440)( j1.732)
= j38.1
20

For mesh 3,
j10 (I 3 I 1 ) + 20 (I 3 I 2 ) j5 I 3 = 0

(2)

Substituting (1) and (2) into the equation for mesh 3 gives,
(440)(-1.5 + j0.866)
I3 =
= 152.4260
j5
From (1),
I 1 = I 3 + 76.21 - 60 = 114.315 + j66 = 13230
From (2),
I 2 = I 3 j38.1 = 76.21 + j93.9 = 120.9350.94
I a = I 1 = 13230 A
I b = I 2 I 1 = -38.105 + j27.9 = 47.23143.8 A
I c = - I 2 = 120.9230.9 A
(b)

S AB = I 1 I 3 ( j10) = j58.08 kVA

2

S BC = I 2 I 3 (20) = 29.04 kVA

2

S CA = I 3 (-j5) = (152.42) 2 (-j5) = -j116.16 kVA

S = S AB + S BC + S CA = 29.04 j58.08 kVA
Real power absorbed = 29.04 kW
(c)

Total complex supplied by the source is

S = 29.04 j58.08 kVA

(3)

Chapter 12, Solution 57.

We apply mesh analysis to the circuit shown below.
Ia
+
Va
-

80 + j 50
I1

20 + j 30

Vc
+

Vb

I2

60 j 40

Ib

Ic

(1)
(100 + j80) I 1 (20 + j 30) I 2 = Va Vb = 165 + j 95.263
(20 + j 30) I 1 + (80 j10) I 2 = Vb Vc = j190.53
(2)
Solving (1) and (2) gives I 1 = 1.8616 j 0.6084,
I 2 = 0.9088 j1.722 .
I a = I 1 = 1.9585 18.1o A,

I b = I 2 I 1 = 0.528 j1.1136 = 1.4656 130.55 o A

I c = I 2 = 1.947117.8 o A
Chapter 12, Solution 58.

The schematic is shown below. IPRINT is inserted in the neutral line to measure the
current through the line. In the AC Sweep box, we select Total Ptss = 1, Start Freq. =
0.1592, and End Freq. = 0.1592. After simulation, the output file includes
FREQ

IM(V_PRINT4)

IP(V_PRINT4)

1.592 E01

1.078 E+01

8.997 E+01

i.e.

In = 10.7889.97 A

Chapter 12, Solution 59.

The schematic is shown below. In the AC Sweep box, we set Total Pts = 1, Start Freq
= 60, and End Freq = 60. After simulation, we obtain an output file which includes

i.e.

FREQ

VM(1)

VP(1)

6.000 E+01

2.206 E+02

3.456 E+01

FREQ

VM(2)

VP(2)

6.000 E+01

2.141 E+02

8.149 E+01

FREQ

VM(3)

VP(3)

6.000 E+01

4.991 E+01

5.059 E+01

VAN = 220.634.56, VBN = 214.181.49, VCN = 49.9150.59 V

Chapter 12, Solution 60.

The schematic is shown below. IPRINT is inserted to give Io. We select Total Pts = 1,
Start Freq = 0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592 in the AC Sweep box. Upon simulation,
the output file includes

from which,

FREQ

IM(V_PRINT4)

IP(V_PRINT4)

1.592 E01

1.421 E+00

1.355 E+02

Io = 1.421135.5 A

Chapter 12, Solution 61.

The schematic is shown below. Pseudocomponents IPRINT and PRINT are inserted to
measure IaA and VBN. In the AC Sweep box, we set Total Pts = 1, Start Freq = 0.1592,
and End Freq = 0.1592. Once the circuit is simulated, we get an output file which
includes
FREQ
VM(2)
VP(2)
1.592 E01

2.308 E+02

1.334 E+02

FREQ

IM(V_PRINT2)

IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592 E01

1.115 E+01

3.699 E+01

from which
IaA = 11.1537 A, VBN = 230.8133.4 V

Chapter 12, Solution 62.

Because of the delta-connected source involved, we follow Example 12.12. In the AC

Sweep box, we type Total Pts = 1, Start Freq = 60, and End Freq = 60. After
simulation, the output file includes

From which

FREQ

IM(V_PRINT2)

IP(V_PRINT2)

6.000 E+01

5.960 E+00

9.141 E+01

FREQ

IM(V_PRINT1)

IP(V_PRINT1)

6.000 E+01

7.333 E+07

1.200 E+02

Iab = 7.333x107120 A, IbB = 5.9691.41 A

Chapter 12, Solution 63.

Let = 1 so that L = X/ = 20 H, and C =

1
= 0.0333 F
X

The schematic is shown below..

.
When the file is saved and run, we obtain an output file which includes the following:
FREQ
1.592E-01
FREQ
1.592E-01

IM(V_PRINT1)IP(V_PRINT1)
1.867E+01

1.589E+02

IM(V_PRINT2)IP(V_PRINT2)
1.238E+01

1.441E+02

From the output file, the required currents are:

I aA = 18.67158.9 o A, I AC = 12.38144.1o A

Chapter 12, Solution 64.

We follow Example 12.12. In the AC Sweep box we type Total Pts = 1, Start Freq =
0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592. After simulation the output file includes
FREQ

IM(V_PRINT1)

IP(V_PRINT1)

1.592 E01

4.710 E+00

7.138 E+01

FREQ

IM(V_PRINT2)

IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592 E01

6.781 E+07

1.426 E+02

FREQ

IM(V_PRINT3)

IP(V_PRINT3)

1.592 E01

3.898 E+00

5.076 E+00

FREQ

IM(V_PRINT4)

IP(V_PRINT4)

1.592 E01

3.547 E+00

6.157 E+01

FREQ

IM(V_PRINT5)

IP(V_PRINT5)

1.592 E01

1.357 E+00

9.781 E+01

FREQ

IM(V_PRINT6)

IP(V_PRINT6)

1.592 E01

3.831 E+00

1.649 E+02

from this we obtain

IaA = 4.7171.38 A, IbB = 6.781142.6 A, IcC = 3.8985.08 A
IAB = 3.54761.57 A, IAC = 1.35797.81 A, IBC = 3.831164.9 A

Chapter 12, Solution 65.

Due to the delta-connected source, we follow Example 12.12. We type Total Pts = 1,
Start Freq = 0.1592, and End Freq = 0.1592. The schematic is shown below. After it
is saved and simulated, we obtain an output file which includes

Thus,

FREQ

IM(V_PRINT1)

IP(V_PRINT1)

1.592 E01

6.581 E+00

9.866 E+01

FREQ

IM(V_PRINT2)

IP(V_PRINT2)

1.592 E01

1.140 E+01

1.113 E+02

FREQ

IM(V_PRINT3)

IP(V_PRINT3)

1.592 E01

6.581 E+00

3.866 E+01

IaA = 6.58198.66 A, IbB = 11.4111.3 A, IcC = 6.58138.66 A

Chapter 12, Solution 66.

VL

Vp =

(b)

Because the load is unbalanced, we have an unbalanced three-phase

system. Assuming an abc sequence,

208

(a)

= 120 V

I1 =

120 0
= 2.50 A
48

I2 =

120 - 120
= 3 - 120 A
40

I3 =

120120
= 2120 A
60

3
3
- I N = I 1 + I 2 + I 3 = 2.5 + (3) - 0.5 j + (2) - 0.5 + j
2
2

IN = j

3
= j0.866 = 0.86690 A
2

Hence,
I1 = 2.5 A ,

(c)

I2 = 3 A ,

I3 = 2 A ,

P1 = I12 R 1 = (2.5) 2 (48) = 300 W

P2 = I 22 R 2 = (3) 2 (40) = 360 W

P3 = I 32 R 3 = (2) 2 (60) = 240 W

(d)

PT = P1 + P2 + P3 = 900 W

Chapter 12, Solution 67.

(a)

The power to the motor is

PT = S cos = (260)(0.85) = 221 kW
The motor power per phase is
1
Pp = PT = 73.67 kW
3
Hence, the wattmeter readings are as follows:
Wa = 73.67 + 24 = 97.67 kW
Wb = 73.67 + 15 = 88.67 kW
Wc = 73.67 + 9 = 83.67 kW

(b)

The motor load is balanced so that I N = 0 .

For the lighting loads,
Ia =

24,000
= 200 A
120

Ib =

15,000
= 125 A
120

Ic =

9,000
= 75 A
120

If we let

I N = 0.866 A

I a = I a 0 = 2000 A
I b = 125 - 120 A
I c = 75120 A

Then,
- I N = Ia + Ib + Ic

3
3
- I N = 200 + (125) - 0.5 j + (75) - 0.5 + j
2
2

- I N = 100 86.602 A

I N = 132.3 A
Chapter 12, Solution 68.
(a)

S = 3 VL I L = 3 (330)(8.4) = 4801 VA

(b)

P = S cos
pf = cos =
pf =

P
S

4500
= 0.9372
4801.24

(c)

For a wye-connected load,

I p = I L = 8.4 A

(d)

Vp =

VL
3

330
3

= 190.53 V

Chapter 12, Solution 69.

S 1 = 1.2(0.8 + j 0.6) = 0.96 + j 0.72 MVA,

S 2 = 2(0.75 j 0.661) = 1.5 1.323 MVA,

S = S 1 + S 2 + S 3 = 3.26 j 0.603 MVA,

pf =

S3 = 0.8 MVA

3.26
P
=
= 0.9833
S 3.3153

Qc = P(tan old tan new ) = 3.26[tan(cos 1 0.9833) tan(cos 1 0.99) = 0.1379 MVA

1
x0.1379 x10 6
3
C=
= 28 mF
2x60 x6.6 2 x10 6

Chapter 12, Solution 70.

PT = P1 + P2 = 1200 400 = 800
Q T = P2 P1 = -400 1200 = -1600

tan =

Q T - 1600
=
= -2
= -63.43
PT
800

pf = cos = 0.4472 (leading)

Zp =

VL 240
=
= 40
IL
6

Z p = 40 - 63.43

Chapter 12, Solution 71.

(a)

If Vab = 2080 , Vbc = 208 - 120 , Vca = 208120 ,

I AB =

Vab 2080
=
= 10.4 0
20
Z Ab

I BC =

Vbc
208 - 120
= 14.708 - 75
=
Z BC 10 2 - 45

I CA =

Vca
208120
= 16 97.38
=
Z CA 1322.62

I aA = I AB I CA = 10.40 1697.38
I aA = 10.4 + 2.055 j15.867
I aA = 20.171 - 51.87
I cC = I CA I BC = 1697.83 14.708 - 75
I cC = 30.64 101.03

P1 = Vab I aA cos( Vab IaA )

P1 = (208)(20.171) cos(0 + 51.87) = 2590 W

P2 = Vcb I cC cos( Vcb IcC )

But

Vcb = -Vbc = 20860

P2 = (208)(30.64) cos(60 101.03) = 4808 W

(b)

PT = P1 + P2 = 7398.17 W

Q T = 3 (P2 P1 ) = 3840.25 VAR

S T = PT + jQ T = 7398.17 + j3840.25 VA
S T = S T = 8335 VA

Chapter 12, Solution 72.

From Problem 12.11,
VAB = 220 130 V

I aA = 30180 A

and

P1 = (220)(30) cos(130 180) = 4242 W

VCB = -VBC = 220190

I cC = 30 - 60
P2 = (220)(30) cos(190 + 60) = - 2257 W

Chapter 12, Solution 73.

Consider the circuit as shown below.

I1
Ia
240-60 V

Z
Z

240-120 V

I2

Ib

Ic

Z = 10 + j30 = 31.6271.57
Ia =

240 - 60
= 7.59 - 131.57
31.6271.57

Ib =

240 - 120
= 7.59 - 191.57
31.6271.57

I c Z + 240 - 60 240 - 120 = 0

Ic =

- 240
= 7.59108.43
31.6271.57

I 1 = I a I c = 13.146 - 101.57
I 2 = I b + I c = 13.146138.43
P1 = Re [ V1 I 1* ] = Re [ (240 - 60)(13.146 101.57) ] = 2360 W
P2 = Re [ V2 I *2 ] = Re [ (240 - 120)(13.146 - 138.43) ] = - 632.8 W

Chapter 12, Solution 74.

Consider the circuit shown below.
Z = 60 j30

2080 V

208-60 V

I1

I2

For mesh 1,
208 = 2 Z I 1 Z I 2

For mesh 2,
- 208 - 60 = - Z I 1 + 2 Z I 2

In matrix form,

2 Z - Z I 1
208
- 208 - 60 = - Z 2 Z I

2
= 3Z 2 ,

1 = (208)(1.5 + j0.866) Z ,

2 = (208)( j1.732) Z

I1 =

1 (208)(1.5 + j0.866)
=
= 1.78956.56

(3)(60 j30)

I2 =

2 (208)( j1.732)
=
= 1.79116.56

(3)(60 j30)

P1 = Re [ V1 I 1* ] = Re [ (208)(1.789 - 56.56) ] = 208.98 W

P2 = Re [ V2 (- I 2 ) * ] = Re [ (208 - 60))(1.7963.44) ] = 371.65 W
Chapter 12, Solution 75.
(a)

I=

V 12
=
= 20 mA
R 600

(b)

I=

V 120
=
= 200 mA
R 600

Chapter 12, Solution 76.

If both appliances have the same power rating, P,
P
I=
Vs
P
For the 120-V appliance,
I1 =
.
120
P
For the 240-V appliance,
I2 =
.
240
P2 R

2
Power loss = I 2 R = 120
2
P R
240 2
Since

for the 120-V appliance

for the 240-V appliance

1
1
, the losses in the 120-V appliance are higher.
2 >
120
240 2

Chapter 12, Solution 77.

Pg = PT Pload Pline ,
But

pf = 0.85

PT = 3600 cos = 3600 pf = 3060

Pg = 3060 2500 (3)(80) = 320 W

Chapter 12, Solution 78.

cos 1 =

51
= 0.85
1 = 31.79
60

Q1 = S1 sin 1 = (60)(0.5268) = 31.61 kVAR

P2 = P1 = 51 kW

cos 2 = 0.95
2 = 18.19
S2 =

P2
= 53.68 kVA
cos 2

Q 2 = S 2 sin 2 = 16.759 kVAR

Q c = Q1 Q 2 = 3.61 16.759 = 14.851 kVAR

For each load,
Q c1 =
C=

Qc
= 4.95 kVAR
3

Q c1
4950
= 67.82 F
2 =
V
(2 )(60)(440) 2

Chapter 12, Solution 79.

Consider the per-phase equivalent circuit below.

Ia

A
+

Van

ZY = 12 + j5

n
Ia =

N
Van
2550
=
= 17.15 - 19.65 A
Z Y + 2 14 + j5

Thus,

I b = I a - 120 = 17.15 - 139.65 A

I c = I a 120 = 17.15100.35 A
VAN = I a Z Y = (17.15 - 19.65)(1322.62) = 2232.97 V
Thus,

VBN = VAN - 120 = 223 - 117.63 V

VCN = VAN 120 = 223122.97 V

Chapter 12, Solution 80.

S = S1 + S 2 + S 3 = 6[0.83 + j sin(cos 1 0.83)] + S 2 + 8(0.7071 j 0.7071)

S = 10.6368 j 2.31 + S 2 kVA

(1)

But
S = 3VL I L = 3 (208)(84.6)(0.8 + j 0.6) VA = 24.383 + j18.287 kVA

(2)

From (1) and (2),

S 2 = 13.746 + j 20.6 = 24.7656.28 kVA
Thus, the unknown load is 24.76 kVA at 0.5551 pf lagging.

Chapter 12, Solution 81.

pf = 0.8 (leading)
1 = -36.87
S1 = 150 - 36.87 kVA
pf = 1.0
2 = 0
S 2 = 100 0 kVA
pf = 0.6 (lagging)
3 = 53.13

S 3 = 20053.13 kVA
S 4 = 80 + j95 kVA

S = S1 + S 2 + S 3 + S 4
S = 420 + j165 = 451.221.45 kVA

S = 3 VL I L

S L = 3 I 2L Z L = (3)(542.7) 2 (0.02 +
S L = 17.67 + j44.18 kVA

At the source,
S T = S + S L = 437.7 + j209.2
S T = 485.125.55 kVA
VT =

ST
3 IL

485.1 10 3
3 542.7

= 516 V

Chapter 12, Solution 82.

S 1 = 400(0.8 + j 0.6) = 320 + j 240 kVA,

S2 = 3

V 2p
Z*p

For the delta-connected load, V L = V p

(2400) 2
S 2 = 3x
= 1053.7 + j842.93 kVA
10 j8

S = S 1 + S 2 = 1.3737 + j1.0829 MVA

Let I = I1 + I2 be the total line current. For I1,
S1 = 3V p I *1 ,

I *1 =

S1
3VL

Vp =

VL
3

(320 + j 240) x10 3

3 (2400)

I 1 = 76.98 j 57.735

For I2, convert the load to wye.

I 2 = I p 3 30 o =

2400
3 30 o = 273.1 j 289.76
10 + j8

I = I 1 + I 2 = 350 j 347.5

Vs = VL + Vline = 2400 + I (3 + j 6) = 5.185 + j1.405 kV

| Vs |= 5.372 kV

Chapter 12, Solution 83.

S1 = 120 x746 x0.95(0.707 + j 0.707) = 60.135 + j 60.135 kVA,

S 2 = 80 kVA

S = S1 + S 2 = 140.135 + j 60.135 kVA

But | S |= 3VL I L

IL =

|S|
3VL

152.49 x10 3
3 x 480

= 183.42 A

Chapter 12, Solution 84.

We first find the magnitude of the various currents.

For the motor,
S

IL =

3 VL

4000
440 3

= 5.248 A

For the capacitor,

Q c 1800
=
= 4.091 A
IC =
VL
440
For the lighting,
440
Vp =
= 254 V
3
I Li =

PLi 800
=
= 3.15 A
Vp 254

Consider the figure below.

Ia
a

IC

+
Vab

I1

Ib

-jXC

I2

Ic
c

I3
ILi

In

If Van = Vp 0 ,

Vab = 3 Vp 30

Vcn = Vp 120

IC =

Vab
= 4.091120
-j X C

I1 =

Vab
= 4.091( + 30)
Z

where = cos -1 (0.72) = 43.95

I 1 = 5.249 73.95
I 2 = 5.249 - 46.05

I 3 = 5.249193.95
I Li =

Vcn
= 3.15120
R

Thus,

I a = I 1 + I C = 5.24973.95 + 4.091120
I a = 8.60893.96 A
I b = I 2 I C = 5.249 - 46.05 4.091120
I b = 9.271 - 52.16 A

I c = I 3 + I Li = 5.249193.95 + 3.15120
I c = 6.827 167.6 A
I n = - I Li = 3.15 - 60 A

Chapter 12, Solution 85.

Let

ZY = R

Vp =

VL
3

240
3

= 138.56 V

Vp2
27
P = Vp I p =
= 9 kW =
2
R

R=

Vp2

(138.56) 2
= 2.133
9000

Z Y = 2.133

Thus,

Chapter 12, Solution 86.

Consider the circuit shown below.

1
a

A
+

1200 V rms

I1

24 j2

1
n

N
I2

1200 V rms

15 + j4

1
b

For the two meshes,

120 = (26 j2) I 1 I 2
120 = (17 + j4) I 2 I 1

(1)
(2)

In matrix form,
120 26 j2
- 1 I 1
120 = - 1
17 + j4 I 2

= 449 + j70 ,

1 = (120)(18 + j4) ,

2 = (120)(27 j2)

I1 =

1 120 18.44 12.53

= 4.87 3.67
=

454.42 8.86

I2 =

2 120 27.07 - 4.24

=
= 7.15 - 13.1

454.42 8.86

I aA = I 1 = 4.87 3.67 A
I bB = - I 2 = 7.15166.9 A
I nN = I 2 I 1 =

I nN =

2 1

(120)(9 j6)
= 2.856 - 42.55 A
449 + j70

Chapter 12, Solution 87.

L = 50 mH
jL = j (2)(60)(5010 -3 ) = j18.85
Consider the circuit below.
1

115 V

I1

20

2
15 + j18.85
115 V

I2

30

Applying KVl to the three meshes, we obtain

23 I 1 2 I 2 20 I 3 = 115
- 2 I 1 + 33 I 2 30 I 3 = 115
- 20 I 1 30 I 2 + (65 + j18.85) I 3 = 0
In matrix form,
- 20
23 - 2
I 1 115
- 2 33
I = 115
- 30

2
- 20 - 30 65 + j18.85 I 3 0

= 12,775 + j14,232 ,
2 = (115)(1825 + j471.3) ,

(1)
(2)
(3)

1 = (115)(1975 + j659.8)
3 = (115)(1450)

I1 =

1 115 208218.47
=
= 12.52 - 29.62

1921448.09

I2 =

2 115 1884.9 14.48

= 11.33 - 33.61
=

19124 48.09

I n = I 2 I1 =

2 1 (115)(-150 j188.5)
=
= 1.448 - 176.6 A

12,775 + j14,231.75

S 1 = V1 I *1 = (115)(12.52 29.62) = 1252 + j711.6 VA

S 2 = V2 I *2 = (115)(1.3333.61) = 1085 + j721.2 VA