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Ranjith J. Nair
Department of Electrical Engineering,
PVGs College Of Engineering And Technology,
Pune, Maharashtra State, India-411009
nairranjith93@gmail.com
Mobile: +919421028336,+918087778819
Abstract--The population explosion that has taken place in
recent times has led to an outburst in the demand of
electricity. The current eco-fad of trying to produce an ever
greater percentage of electricity from sources like wind has
some consequences on land use that are poorly thought out
.In addition to this, the velocity and direction of wind and also
its availability affects the production of electricity from wind.
This gave rise to the idea of hybrid power systems.
The hybrid system presented in this paper comprises
of a Wind Plant acting as the renewable source of energy and
a Diesel Generation System serving as the conventional
source of energy. The problems faced in conventional wind
power system are coped-up to a greater extent in case of the
hybrid power generation system of wind i.e. THE WIND
DIESEL HYBRID POWER SYSTEM. The following article
enlightens the principle of integration of wind energy with
diesel generating sets relying on complex controls to ensure
correct sharing of intermittent wind energy and controllable
diesel generation to meet the demand of the usually variable
load. It is used for larger systems with demands over ~ 100 kW
peak load up to many MW. Batteries, if used, store power to
cover short lulls in wind power. Because an existing diesel
plant frequently represents a substantial investment, it often
appears more cost-effective to retrofit wind turbines, system
controls, and any other required ancillary components to the
existing power system. Hence wind-diesel hybrid power system
is economically viable for developing countries like India
since the cost of setting up a new power plant altogether from
ground zero can be reduced.
Index TermsHybrid Power Systems, Penetration, Power
Systems, CHP technology
.
I.INTRODUCTION
Generation of electricity from wind energy is
consumer and environment friendly, it requires shorter
construction time compared to thermal, nuclear generation and
is cost competitive. It becomes one of the most competitive
sources of renewable energy. However, wind power has some
disadvantages. For example, wind power is considered an
intermittent power supply because wind does not blow 100%
of the time. The cost of grid connection in the rural areas is
very high due to a low density of population; therefore various
organizations have turned to explore alternative solutions. One
of the most economical and reliable alternatives is to use
A. Diesel Generators:
TABLE I [5]
SYSTEM PENETRATION
Peak
Instantaneous
Annual
Average
Commercial
status
Low
<50%
Medium
50 100%
High
100400%
<20
20 50%
50 150 %
Fully
utilized
Well proven
Fully
commercial
Multiple use
System
prototype
Operating
(1)
As for the power that the wind turbines blades can extract
from the wind is given by the following expression.[5]
Power = 0.5 * e * k * A* * u3 Watts.
(2)
C. System Controller.
One of the principal technical objectives of this project is to
develop a system that is as reliable and robust and is
consistent with the requirements of high wind penetration and
maximum fuel savings. The heart of the control system is a
standard industrial PLC controller outfitted with the I/O
modules necessary to monitor and control the system. The
control system is also equipped with a telephone interface to
facilitate remote performance monitoring and fault diagnosis.
D. Synchronous Condenser [7] :
It helps to control voltage and balance active and reactive
power needs on the grid. It is primarily used when all diesel
engines have been shut off. It is made of a controlled AC
generator running on the AC bus. It consumes reactive power
as it rotates.
E. Batteries.
They are generally of two types
1) Lead Acid.
2) NiCad.
It requires periodic replacement. It is sensitive to use and
environment. It is used to store energy over a longer time
period or to store power over a shorter period of time.
F. Remote Access and Telecom.
Remote access allows oversight of system performance. It
enables real time system interrogation and troubleshooting
even when off site. The cell phone technology can be used as
it is inexpensive with a reasonable coverage.
D. Wind Turbine.
Wind Turbine Average wind velocity at 45 metres height is 6.15
m/s in Sandwip. But at winter, wind velocity goes below the
average wind velocity. Cut-in speed of high capacity wind
turbines is more than 4 m/s. Enercon E33 wind turbine is a
suitable choice for low wind speed. The irregularity of wind
speed can be fixed by gear system. It has a rated capacity of 335
kW and cut-in speed of 2.5m/s .The installation cost for Enercon
E33 (50 m height tower) is $ 500000.
E. Cost of Other Equipments.
The cost of other equipments like battery, converter,
micro turbine etc. is also to be considered.
TABLE II
A TYPICAL ELECTRIC LOADING FOR A SINGLE
HOME.
Appliance
Quantity
Unit
(Watts)
Electric Bulb
100
Fluorescent Tubes
20
Fan
TV
2
1
Total
80
100
520 Watts
capacity
TABLE III
COST OF ACCESSORIES.
Cost ($)
Equipment
Battery
Converter
Micro-turbine
900/ String
1350/ MW
1000000/MW
A. Economic Analysis.
B. Thermal Load.
Fuel
Cost
($/kWh)
Initial
investment
cost
($/kWh)
Transmission
and
distribution
cost ($/kWh)
Total
cost
($/kWh)
Wind
Solar
PV
0.08
0.023
0.103
1.05
0.02
1.07
B. Environmental Effect
TABLE V
REDUCTION OF GAS EMISSION
Carbon dioxide
33,053,228
Carbon monoxide
81,587
Unburned hydrocarbons
Reduction of emission
( kg/year)
Gas (Pollutant)
9,037
Particulate matter
6,150
Sulphur dioxide
66,377
Nitrogen oxides
728,009
Lighting.
Domestic Use.
Educational Centers.
Power Supply to small industries.
No.
of
Consumers
Average
Revenue
Duration of
Power Supply
per day
Distribution
line
Villages
Covered
700
Rs. 1.50
Lakhs
per
month
5-6 Hrs.
12 km LT
12 km HT
XIII. APPENDIX
Notations
1)
2)
3)
4)
XI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Apart from the efforts of oneself, the successful
completion of any paper depends upon the encouragement of
the guide. So, I take this opportunity to thank my guide
Prof.Mrs.P.R.Khatri for her timely guidance in the preparation of
my paper. Without her assistance preparing this paper would have
been far from reality.
I am also thankful to all the faculty members who have
directly or indirectly helped me. Last but not the least; I once
would like to thank all my colleagues who have helped me in
this work.
XII. REFERENCES
[1] Technology, Performance, and Market Report of WindDiesel Applications for Remote and Island Communities