Division 44

Environmental Management, Water, Energy, Transport

Projects with impact

three selected best practices of
sustainable transport and mobility

Deutsche Gesellschaft für

Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
 Projects with impact
Making megacities more worth living in
- Sustainability strategies for city traffic -
Supported by GTZ, Surabaya, an Indonesian city
with over two million inhabitants, has opted for a
more sustainable transport policy.
The cities in developing countries the world over are
suffocating in traffic jams and fumes. Accidents are on
the increase, while the quality of life for the inhabitants
is rapidly declining.
In many places, the precarious traffic situation remains
untreated. The muddle about areas of responsibilities,
insufficient know-how and low budgets are stifling the
authorities. And there is a lack of political awareness.
In spite of all this, Surabaya demonstrates that things
can take a turn for the better. GTZ is both providing
advice on sustainable urban development, and works
with related agencies and the people of Surabaya to
devise and implement policies toward environmentally,
economically, and socially sustainable transport in the
city. The core elements of this approach are:
n Integration – only if attractive alternatives for
motorised private transport are offered will
people be willing to switch to public transport and
carry on using non-motorised transport, such as
bicycles, rikshas, walking, etc.
o Participation – if real demand is to be taken into
consideration, the people must be involved in
planning and decision-making processes.
p Awareness – what counts is that the public at
large support the project, for this will also get
things going politically.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
Success or failure?
Several traffic-planning procedures are under way
or have already been completed. Experts are
reckoning that they will result in a substantial
increase in the public transport (to up to 40%) and
non-motorised transport shares of overall transport.
Better emission level tests and better maintenance
for motor vehicles as well as switching to natural
gas to power (mini-) buses are improving air quality
and contributing to lowering CO2 levels.
A number of campaigns and car free days of action
(alone in 2001, there were three Car Free Days)
are rousing environmental awareness and sparking
off valuable debates in the community.
”The community have welcomed the idea of freeing
some roads from the smoke of motor vehicles,
if needed not only one road segment, but more.
This will educate the community to think twice
before travelling: will they take their own vehicle,
or just go by public transport?”
(Dr. Suparta, Chief Surabaya Private Teachers Organization)
The project has met with a considerable response
both nationally and internationally, and international
delegations have already visited it several times.
The scheme is regarded as a successful low-cost
approach based on a holistic and participatory
concept showing the way to sustainable urban
development.
Projects with impact
Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH

Getting the skies blue again

- Clean air in cities -
Mexico City, Jakarta, Beijing, Santiago de Chile – wherever
you go, you will find megacities being smothered by
megasmog. But still, there is hope.

Air pollution is becoming unbearable in many places. Several cities

are exceeding the standards recommended by the WHO three- or Mexico-City: A day with smog und one without.
even fourfold.

The main reasons for this are the staggering growth in traffic,
increases in industrial production and energy generating as well as
private household energy consumption.

In several countries, air quality standards are set laxly out of

consideration for economic development. They are watered down
and undermined or are even missing altogether.

Nevertheless, the GTZ project on air purification in Santiago de

Chile shows that a new trend is possible. The core elements of the
approach are:

n Integration & participation – combining urban and transport

planning to achieve an integrated urban development policy.
All stakeholders are brought together at a round table.

o Co-operation – with private industry, other cities and

countries abroad to facilitate know-how transfer and
exchange experience.

p Qualification – training and further education of the officials

responsible for a competent air qualitiy management in the
respective environmental authorities.

q Technology – setting emissions standards and monitoring

them with improved measuring systems for air quality.

Reversing the trend in Santiago?

Less pollution with substances that are health hazards (soot,

dust, NOx, SO2, CO) from mobile and stationary sources.

Reduction in concentrations of these pollutants without

slowing down the pace of economic development in Santiago
– achieving a win-win result.

No emergency alarm since July 2000.

Resolution and implementation of an ambitious clean air plan

involving 14 ministries. It is aimed at reducing the levels of
most of the harmful substances in the air by at least 50
percent of the 1997 level by 2011.
 Projects with impact
Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH

No fishing in troubled waters

- More efficient ports thanks to TRAINMAR -
Ships are the backbone of the global economy. World trade
would come to a standstill if millions of tons of cargo were not
transported via shipping routes and ports each year.

Globalisation has resulted in an increasing demand for port facility The result: full-scale “nets”:
services world-wide. But not all ports in the developing countries are
prepared for this. Unfavourable framework conditions are leading to - Successful establishment of a training network
weak management and inefficient processes. Ports are regarded as for Latin America and a TRAINMAR association
administrations instead of as enterprises. Insufficient environmental (ATAS).
protection is a daily issue even where privatisation, restructuring and - Drawing up a programme of courses for the port
commercialisation programmes have been carried out. and transport field with 32 course modules
comprising a total of more than 800 training
Alone for the nineties, UNCTAD estimated a demand for qualification hours and implementation of the programme in
measures for more than 60,000 people in the management and co-operation with universities and other
operating of ports and ships in developing countries. Meeting this educational institutes (in Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
demand is a mammoth task that can’t be tackled simply by using Uruguay and Costa Rica).
conventional training programmes.
- The range of training courses has become so
Enter the TRAINMAR programme. TRAINMAR has been designed to attractive that they are financing themselves via
turn the impossible into a reality. Since 1992, UNCTAD and GTZ tuition and licensing fees. Private port operators
have been working out a training approach for all ports that are are willing to pay to have their staff trained in the
already operating commercially in Latin America. Basically, it TRAINMAR programme.
incorporates four “simple” principles: - So far, more than 10,000 port staff have been
trained in finding local problem solutions.
n Train the trainer – so that as many people as possible are
reached in all sorts of areas surrounding ports, logistics and - The network and the training topics have
shipping in an accumulative process. constantly been growing, and the TRAINMAR
concept has been successfully extended to the
o Work locally – for most problem solutions are found locally, Black Sea region since 1998.
and this is where training has the greatest impact. - The concept is easily transferable to other
sectors.
p Create networks – to integrate and exchange local experience
regionally and globally and spread knowledge and strategies
internationally.
„Without
„Without aa personnel
personnel that
that is
is constantly
constantly
q Use modules – to avoid re-inventing training curricula and
trained
trained and
and upgraded
upgraded no no major
major
material again and again and to provide ready-made didactical
elements for flexible qualification programmes. improvement
improvement inin operations,
operations, speed,
speed, security,
security,
safety,
safety, capacity
capacity and
and environmental
environmental
r Build efficient networks – to make sure that project success protection
protection ofof port
port and
and international
international
is sustained by a self-supporting development of network transport
transport will
will be
be effective.“
effective.“
organisation and stable funding mechanisms. (Sven
(Sven Callebaut,
Callebaut, UNCTAD)
UNCTAD)