Bituminous mixes

French standardization :
Component specifications
Overview of specifications
Yves BROSSEAUD LCPC Nantes France -

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content
Tests and Requirements for aggregates
Standardization NF EN
Classification NF (link with previous situation)

Tests and Requirements for reclaim asphalt

Tests and Requirements for bitumen
Pure bitumen (tests and specification NF EN)
Hard bitumen (tests and specification NF EN)
Polymer modified binder (method)
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Mix design procedure

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Bituminous mixes
French standardization
and recommendations:
Aggregate requirements

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European standard for aggregates (2004)

NF EN 12620, 13139, 13043, 132
+ Articles 7, 8, 9, 10: French classification
standard XP P 18-545

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Content of aggregate standard

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New classification for aggregate according to the European standard

exemple of designation

Characterization of fraction aggregate:

Porphyre (petrography with simplification)
10/20 - GC85/15 G 20/15
f4 - MBFNT - Fl55 C 50/30
LA25 - PSV NR AAVNR MDE25
AN NR
MVR 2,55 Mg/m3

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Grading: size values

Fabrication properties

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Grading : general requirements

Fabrication properties
Fraction: d/D

Maximum size for asphalt mixes:

Fundation or base courses :
20mm 14mm current
Surface course :
14mm 10mm current 6mm improve skidding resistance

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Fabrication properties
Grading : allowed tolerances for coarse aggregates

Alternative test for grading, by using LCPC videogranulometer

Particules up to 1 mm
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Fabrication properties
Grading : allowed tolerances for the producers

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Fabrication properties
Grading : fines content on coarse aggregates or sand

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Quality of fines : methylene blue test

Fabrication properties

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Fabrication properties
Shape NF EN 933-3: categories for flakiness index

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Fabrication properties
Shape NF EN 933-4: categories for shape index

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Test does not used in France

Fabrication properties
Angularity NF EN 933-5: categories for crushed faces

Aggregate from crushing rocks (No test): C100/0

Test does not used in France

Passing time on vibrating plate

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French alternative test : Angularity test for coarse aggregates

Fabrication properties
Angularity NF EN 933-6: categories for sand

Passing time on a calibrated hole

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Fragmentation resistance NF EN 1097-2:

categories for Los Angeles (LA)

Intrinsic properties

Other alternative test : resistance to impact SZ categories (18, 22, 26, 32, NR)
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Test does not used in France

Wearing resistance NF EN 1097-1:

categories for micro Deval (MDE)

Intrinsic properties

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Polishing resistance NF EN 1097-8:

categories for Polishing Stone Value (PSV)

Intrinsic properties

Test only used for wearing course

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Requirement up to 50

Intrinsic properties

Surface abrasion resistance NF EN 1097-9:

categories for Abrasion Resistance from studded tyres (AN)

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Test does not used in France

Density and water absorption

Intrinsic properties

Density aggregate in paraffin oil P 18-559 (taking into account the porosity full fill by hot bitumen)
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is performed for theorical calculation of asphalt mix density

Intrinsic properties
Water absorption effect of freeze-thaw resistance

No checking for freeze thaw resistance on aggregate used in bituminous mixes 23/86
No significant porosity of aggregates used in France (if not LA before and after freeze cycle)

Other tests for artificial aggregate

Example for steel slag aggregates

Artificial aggregates

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Requirements for added filler:

Grading NF EN 933-10

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Requirements for added filler:

Voids Rigden NF EN 1097-7

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Requirements for added filler:

Increasing ring and ball temperature NF EN 13179-1

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National foreword
Recommendations concerning :
Test method and common European categories in France
Non-recommended tests in France

But it is only for information purposes only and do not

exclude other options described in European
standard
So it is not requirements (obligation), but some
recommendations (advise) to follow
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National foreword
Recommended tests and common categories

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National foreword
Recommended tests and common categories

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National foreword
Recommended tests and common categories

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National foreword
Non Recommended tests

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Quality control CE mark

2 procedures for attestation of conformity for aggregates

and filler:
System 2+ : certification of FPC by an appoved body (ex: LCPC)
Initial inspection
FPC continuous surveillance
Assessment and appoved of FPC

System 4 : without high safety requirements where no third party

intervention is required

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Quality control CE mark

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Quality control CE mark

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Quality control CE mark

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System 4

System 2+

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New classification for aggregate exemple inside in the market

Characterization of fraction aggregate:

Porphyre (petrography with simplification)
10/20 - GC85/15 G 20/15
f4 - MBFNT - Fl55 C 50/30
LA25 - PSV NR AAVNR MDE25
AN NR
MVR 2,55 Mg/m3
It is a topic for specialist: so it is necessary to classified
aggregate to facilitate the definitions in market
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Reference document for asphalt mixes

Asphalt mixes standards

General asphalt mixes NF EN 13108-1
Very thin asphalt mixes NF EN 13108-2
Porous asphalt NF EN 13108-7
Type testing NF EN 13108-20
Factory Production control NF EN 13108-21
French guide for the application of European
standards
French asphalt mix design guide
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General requirements or recommendations

For aggregates used in asphalt mixes
Specific guide : used of european asphalt mixes

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XP P 18-545 - ARTICLE 7 :
CHAUSSEES
BINDER, BASE , FONDATION Courses

XP P 18-545 - ARTICLE 8 :
WEARING Courses

INTRINSIC CHARACTERISTICS

Codes n

tio

s
s
a
cl

a
c
i
if

Los
Angeles

Micro-Deval

Polishing
resistance
(wearing)

LA 20

MDE15

PSV 56

ANC

A (1)

PSV 50

BNC

B(1)

CNC

C(1)

B(1)

BNC

C(1)

CNC

LA 25

MDE20

D(1)

CNC

LA 30

MDE25

E(1)

DNC

LA 40

MDE35

Codes

(1) maximum

compensation up to 5 points is
accepted between LA and MDE Values

NC = no compensate (strictly the N)

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General requirements or recommendations

For aggregates used in asphalt mixes

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Wearing courses

Fundation courses

Guide for mix design : relations between

type of asphalt mix and aggregates specifications

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General requirements or recommendations

For alluvia aggregates used in asphalt mixes
Relation between crushed faces and passing time for coarse aggregate

passing time for sand used in asphalt wearing course

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General requirements or recommendations

For added fines or fines from sand used in asphalt mixes

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Guide for mix design

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General requirements or recommendations

For reclaim asphalt used in asphalt mixes
Using conditions

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Guide for mix design

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Bituminous mixes
French standardization
and recommendations:
Bitumen requirements

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European standards for bitumens : main classification

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General requirements
For bitumen used in asphalt mixes

Choice between different nature of bitumen

- Pure bitumen :
NF EN 12591
- Hard bitumen
NF EN 13924
- Polymer Modified Binder NF EN 14023*

* Only a framework with global test method

and some specifications
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Paving grade bitumen (or pure bitumen) Standard NF EN 12 591

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Specifications for pure bitumen from 20 to 330 1/10 mm penetration

9 differents classes of bitumen

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Specifications for pure bitumen from 250 to 900 1/10 mm penetration

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Specifications for pure SOFT bitumen : designated by viscosity at 60C

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National Specification used European countries

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National foreword
Bitumen used in France for road applications

Bitumen categories NF EN 12 591: characteristics of penetration and R&B

Consistancy Hard

Soft

20/30

35/50

50/70

70/100

160/220

Pen 25C

20 30

35 50

50 70

70 100

160 220

R&B C

55 63

50 58

46 54

43 51

35 43

Description

Road with traffic

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Main tests to classify the pure bitumen : penetretion grade

Penetration test

Ring and Ball test

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Bitumen used in France for road applications

Ageing effect during coating

RFTOT test (163C)
Mass variation
Residual penetration
Minimum R&B after ageing
Maximum increasing for R&B
Flash point
solubility
Maximum paraffin content
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National foreword
Paving grade bitumen (or pure bitumen)

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Hard bitumen used in France for road applications NF EN 13924 (EME)

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Specifications for binder, some remarks :

NPD : no performance determined
NR : no requirement
TBR : to be reported

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Specifications for hard bitumen defined in European standard

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National foreword
French specifications for hard paving grade

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Polymer modified bitumen NF EN 14023 used in Europe

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Polymer modified bitumen NF EN 14023 used in Europe

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Polymer modified bitumen NF EN 14023 used in Europe

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Polymer modified bitumen

Example for BMP 45/80-60

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conventional tests to assess the characterization of PmB

Penetrability / Viscosity -> no link with performances

(translate a state of binder)

R&B

-> becarefull with the preparation

Fraass
-> no good repeatability, no really significant
Traction, Elastic recovery -> favorable for elastomers/plastomers
Percentage of polymer -> composition, not a performance !
Cohesion Vialit -> energy vs temperature (Surface Dressing)
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Specific tests to perform the rehological behaviour for PmB

Microstructure of PmB
physical mixing - behaviour
100m

MICROSTRUCTURE

Polymres < 3 % :

Polymres ~ 5 % :

Polymres > 7 % :

matrice bitume

deux phases continues

matrice polymre

Cohsion
Susceptibilit thermique
Proprits rhologiques
Stabilit au stockage ?

Cohsion
Proprits rhologiques
Stockage ??
Histoire thermique ???

Cohsion
Proprits rhologiques
Stockage ???

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Specific tests to perform the rehological behaviour for PmB

Bitumes/Polymres (5)
expertise tests

Complex Modulus (DSR) ->

assess the performances and the

rheological behaviour on all the range of uses:

low temperature
service temperature
high temperature

Simulated distillation -> to find some pollutants, to

characterize the compatibilisants or plastifiants agents
Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) -> to check the critical
freeze temperature
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Specific tests to perform the rehological behaviour for PmB

complex module : polymer (SBS)

content effect
Before ageing (origin)
90

60

30

Bc
Bc-SBS* (3%)

0
1E+01

Bc-SBS* (6%)
1E+03

1E+05
G* (Pa)

1E+07

1E+09
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Quality control for CE mark

System 2+ = Initial Type Testing + Factory Production Control
ISO 9001

PRODUCER

NOTIFIED
BODY

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CE mark

System 2+
ITT + FPC + Notified Body

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Bitumen used in France for road applications

The choice of penetration grade depend on:

- mechanical strains and stresses
- type of climate
- altitude
- type of asphalt mix

Some recommendations are given in specific guides for application of asphalt mixes
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conclusion

Specific requirements for aggregates, reclaim asphalt and binders

are avalaible in European standard, to produce an asphalt mix for
infrasctructure applications

Some adjustements will be necessary for economic and technology

conditions adapted to the use in French country

Some recommendations are given on national technical application

guides for different uses (national roads, toll motorways, airfields,)

The producer must be respected these disposals in the Factory

production control (quality systme with or without nofified body )

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I whish you a very fruitful meeting on performance

requirements for asphalt mixes

Gracias por su atencin

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