1)

H2S + H2O <===> H3O+ + HS¯ K1 = 1.0 x 10¯7

HS¯ + H2O <===> H3O+ + S2¯ K2 = 1.3 x 10¯13
+ 2
H2S + 2 H2O <===> 2 H3O + S ¯ K = 1.3 x 10¯20
Ag2S(s) <===> 2 Ag+ + S2¯ Ksp = 5.5 x 10¯51
(a) Calculate the concentration of H3O+ of a solution which is 0.10-molar in H2S.
(b) Calculate the concentration of the sulfide ion, S2¯, in a solution that is 0.10-molar in H2S and
0.40-molar in H3O+.
(c) Calculate the maximum concentration of silver ion, Ag+, that can exist in a solution that is
1.5 x 10¯17-molar in sulfide ion, S2¯.
2)
(a) Calculate the molality of a 20.0 per cent by weight aqueous solution of NH4Cl. (Molecular
weight: NH4Cl = 53.5)
(b) If this NH4Cl solution is assumed to be ideal and is completely dissociated into ions,
calculate the vapor pressure of this solution at 29.0 °C.
(The vapor pressure of pure water at 29 °C is 30.0 mm Hg.)
(c) Actually a solution of NH4Cl of this concentration is not ideal. Calculate the apparent degree
of dissociation of the NH4Cl if the freezing point of this solution is -15.3 °C. (The molal freezing
point depression constant for water is 1.86 °C per molal.)
3)
(a) Calculate the value of DG° for the standard cell reaction:
Zn + Cu2+(1M) ---> Zn2+(1 M) + Cu
(b) One half-cell of an electrochemical cell is made by placing a strip of pure zinc in 500
milliliters of 0.10-molar ZnCl2 solution. The other half-cell is made by placing a strip of pure
copper in 500 milliliters of 0.010-molar Cu(NO3)2 solution. Calculate the initial voltage of this
cell when the two half-cells are joined by a salt bridge and the two metal strips are joined by a
wire.
(c) Calculate the final concentration of copper ion, Cu2+, in the cell described in part (b) if the
cell were allowed to produce an average current of 1.0 ampere for 3 minutes 13 seconds.
4) Use apppropriate ionic and molecular formulas to show the reactants and the products for the
following, each of which results in a reaction occurring in a aqueous solution except as indicated.
Omit formulas for any ionic or molecular species that do not take part in the reaction. You need
not balance. In all cases a reaction occurs.
(a) Solid calcium oxide is exposed to a stream of carbon dioxide gas.
(b) Dinitrogen trioxide gas is bubbled into water.
(c) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is dissolved in water.
(d) Pellets of lead are dropped into hot sulfuric acid.
(e) Potassium permanganate solution is added to a solution of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, acidified
with a few drops of sulfuric acid.
(f) Magnesium turnings are added to a solution of iron(III) chloride.
(g) Ethyl acetate is treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide.
(h) A suspension of zinc hydroxide is treated with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution.
5)
M (s) + Cl2 (g) ---> MCl2 (s)
The reaction of a metal with chlorine proceeds as indicated above. Indicate, with reasons for
your answers, the effect of the following factors on the heat of reaction for this reaction.
(a) A large radius versus a small radius for M2+
(b) A high ionization energy versus a low ionization energy for M
6)
Changing the temperature and no other condition changes the rates of most chemical reactions.
Two factors are commonly cited as accounting for the increased rate of chemical reaction as the
temperature is increased. State briefly and discuss the two factors. Which of the two is more
important?
7)
Solid lithium carbonate dissolves in water with the absorption of heat. Nevertheless, the salt is
quite soluble even at room temperature. Using thermodynamic principles, explain these facts and
predict the effect of an increase in temperature on the solubility of this salt.
8)
When the molecular weight of a volatile liquid is calculated from the weight, volume,
temperature, and pressure of a sample of that liquid when vaporized, the assumption is usually
made that the gas behaves ideally. In fact, at a temperature not far above the boiling point of the
liquid, the gas is not ideal. Explain how this would affect the results of the molecular weight
determination.
9)
NF3 and PF5 are stable molecules. Write the electron-dot formulas for these molecules. On the
basis of structural and bonding considerations, account for the facts that NF3 and PF5 are stable
molecules but NF5 does not exist.