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2. Lipstick building
Architect: Philip Johnson
- At three levels the Lipstick Building's wall is set back in response to Manhattan's zoning
regulation, which requires the building to recede from the street within its spatial
envelope, to increase the availability of light at street level. The result is a form that looks
as though it could retract telescopically. The shape, which is unusual in comparison to
surrounding buildings, uses less space at the base than a regular skyscraper of
quadrilateral footprint would use. This provides more room for the heavy pedestrian
traffic along Third Avenue.
At the base, the building stands on columns which act as an entrance for a vast postmodern hall. They are two stories high and separate the street from the nine-meter (30 ft)
high lobby. Because the elevators and emergency staircases are located to the rear of the
building, this area appears hollow.
The exterior of the building is a continuous wall of red enameled Imperial granite and
steel. The ribbon windows are surrounded by gray frames. In between floors is a thin red
band which recalls the red color of lipstick. The curvature of the building allows light to
reflect off the surface at different places.
Concept:
The building receives its name from its shape and color, which resemble a tube of
lipstick. Johnson has reportedly claimed that the oval shape and surrounding colonnade is
reminiscent of Italian baroque architecture - though this is unlikely to be the first
observation of a casual visitor.
Design philosophy:
All architecture is shelter, all great architecture is the design of space that contains,
cuddles, exalts, or stimulates the persons in that space.
Philip Johnson
The TWA Flight Center or Trans World Flight Center, opened in 1962 as the original
terminal designed by Eero Saarinen for Trans World Airlines at New York City's John F.
Kennedy International Airport. Although portions of the original complex have been
demolished, the Saarinen-designed head house has been renovated and is partially
encircled by a replacement terminal building, which was completed in 2008. Together,
the old and new buildings comprise JetBlue Airways' JFK operations have been known
collectively since 2008 as Terminal 5 or simply T5.
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which operates JFK Airport, had once
intended the TWA Flight Center as a ceremonial entrance to the replacement terminal and
has since announced plans to convert the original head house into a hotel, to open in
2018. The building stands empty as of 2015.
Both the interior and the exterior were declared a New York City Landmark in 1994. In
2005, the terminal was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Concept:
"All the curves, all the spaces and elements right down to the shape of the signs, display
boards, railings and check-in desks were to be of a matching nature. The large panels of
glass beneath the concrete are also supported with steel, and have a contemporary
purple-tint. These glass walls are tilted towards the exterior at an angle as they reach the
ceiling, as if intended for viewers to imagine looking out from a plane to the earth below.
These windows also highlight the purpose of the structure, providing views of departing
and arriving jets.
Design philosophy:
The purpose of architecture is to shelter and enhance mans lifeon earth and to fulfill
his belief in the nobility of his existence