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for
Environmental Standards
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Published By : Dr. B. Sengupta, Member Secretary, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi-32
Printing Supervision & Layout : P.K. Mahendru, Mahendra Pandey and Satish Kumar
Composing & Laser typesetting : Mohd. Javed
Printed at : M/s. Creative Graphics
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FOREWORD
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has developed National Standards
for Effluents and Emission under the statutory powers of the Water (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981. These standards have been approved and notified by the Government of India,
Ministry of Environment & Forests, under Section 25 of the Environmental (Protection)
Act, 1986. Till now, Effluent standards for 37 categories of industries and Emission
Standards for 31 categories of industries have been evolved and notified besides
standards for ambient air quality, ambient noise, automobile and fuels quality
specifications for petrol and diesel. Guidelines have also been developed separately for
hospital waste management.
Dr. B. Sengupta, Member Secretary and Dr. S.K. Paliwal, Scientist 'B' have put
in a lot of efforts in preparing this document. This document is intended to facilitate a
ready reference to all standards notified so far. I hope, it would be useful to the industry,
regulatory agencies, consultants & others interested in pollution control.
New Delhi
July, 2000
(DILIP BISWAS)
CONTENTS
Page No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
Aluminium
Ambient Air Quality
Asbestos Products
Bagassee Fired Boilers
Battery Manufacturing Industry
Beehive Hard Coke Oven
Boiler (Small)
Brick Kilns
Briquette Industry (Coal)
Bullion Refining
Calcium Carbide Plant
Carbon Black Industry
Cement Industry
Ceramic Industry
Chlor -Alkali (Caustic Soda)
Coke Ovens
Copper, Lead & Zinc Smelting Units
Coal Mines
Coal Washeries
Diary Industry
Cupola Furnace
Diesel Generator Sets
Motor Vehicles : Environmental Standards
Dye & Dye Intermediate Industry
Edible Oil & Vanaspati Industry
Electroplating Industry
Fermentation Industry (Distilleries, Maltries & Breweries)
Fertiliser Industry
Flour Mills
Food & Fruit Processing Industry
Foundaries
General Standards for Discharge of Environmental Pollutants
Glass Industry
Hospital Wastes
Integrated Iron & Steel Plant
Inorganic Chemical Industry
Jute Processing Industry
Lime Kilns
Large Pulp & Paper Industry
Leather Industry
Man-made Fibre Industry
Natural Rubber Processing Industry
Nitric Acid Plant
Noise
Oil Refinery
1
2
3
3
4
6
6
7a, 7b, 7c
9
9
10
10
10
11
13
13
14
14
17
18
19
19
20
46
47
48
48
49
52
53
54
55
66
67
71
72
72
73
73
74
75
77
77
78
79
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63a
63b
63c
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
80
83
84
85
88
89
90
90
91
92
92
93
93
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
105
106
107
108
109
Pollutants
Emission Limit
Particulate Matter
150 mg/Nm 3
Particulate Matter
Carbon Monoxide
Stack Height
250 mg/Nm 3
1% max.
H=14 (Q) ' 3
where, Q is
emission rate of
SO2 in kg/hr and H
is stack height in
metres
(b) Smelter Plant
i) Green Anode Shop
ii)Anode Bake Oven
iii) Pot-room
Particulate Matter
-doTotal Fluoride(F)
Particulate Matter
Total Fluoride (F)
VSS
HSS
PBSW
PBCW
Stack Height
150 mg/Nm 3
150 mg/Nm 3
0.3 kg/tonne of
Aluminium
150 mg/Nm 3
4.7 kg/tonne of
Aluminium
produced
6.0 kg/tonne of
Aluminium
produced
2.5 kg/tonne of
Aluminium
produced
1.0 kg/tonne of
Aluminium
produced
H= 14(Q) .3 where Q
is emission rate of
SO2 in kg/hr and H
is stack height in
metres.
NOTE:
VSS = Vertical Stud Soderberg; HSS = Horizontal Stud Soderberg
PBSW = Prebacked Side Worked; and PBCW = Prebacked Centre Worked
Timeweighted
average
Residential,
Rural &
other Areas
80 g/m 3 60 g/m 3
Sensitive
Areas
30 g/m 3
Method of measurement
Sulphur
Dioxide
(SO2)
Annual
Average*
24 hours**
Oxides of
Nitrogen as
NO2
Annual
Average*
24 hours**
80 g/m 3
60 1Ag/m 3
15 N,g/m 3
120 Ekg /m 3
80 g/m 3
30 g/m 3
Suspended
Particulate
Matter
(SPM)
Respirable
Particulate
Matter
(RPM) (size
less than 10
microns)
Lead (Pb)
Annual
Average*
24 hours**
360 g/m 3
140 l ,,g/m 3
70 1ig/m 3
500 pg/m 3
200 1ig/m 3
100 g/m 3
Annual
Average*
24 hours**
120 ig /m 3
60 g/m 3
50 g/m 3
150 g/m 3
100 g/m 3
75 1ig/m 3
Annual
Average*
24 hours**
1.0 g/m 3
0.75 1kg/m 3
0.50 g/m 3
Ammonia'
Annual
Average*
24 hours**
8 hours'
1 hour
1.5 erg/m 3
0.1 mg/ m 3
1.00 g/m 3
0.1 mg/ m 3
0.75 g/m 3
0.1 mg/ m 3
0.4 mg/ m 3
5U mg/ m 3 2.0 mg/ m 3
10.0 mg/ m 3 4.0 mg/ m 3
0.4 mg/ m 3
1.0 mg/ m 3
2.0 mg/ m 3
Carbon
Monoxide
(CO)
*
15g/m3
Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at
uniform interval.
24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it
may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
NOTE:
1.
2.
3.
National Ambient Air Quality Standard: The levels of air quality with an adequate margin of safety, to
protect the public health,, vegetation and property.
Whenever and wherever two consecutive values exceeds the limit specified above for the respective
category, it would be considered adequate reason to institute regular/continuous monitoring and
further investigations.
The standards for H2S and CS 2 have been notified seperately vide GSR No. 7, dated December 22,
1998 under Rayon Industry --for details please see SI. No. 65 of this document.
[S.O. 384(E), Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, dated Aprii 11, 19941
[EPA Notification: GSR 176 (E), April 02, 19961
1. Included vide Notification SO. 955 (E), Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 dated October
14, 1998)
.
Pollutants
Emission limit
Pure asbestos
material
4 Fibre*/cc
Total dust
2 mg/Nm 3
* Fibre of length more than 5 micrometre and diametre less than 3 micrometre with an
aspect ratio of 3 or more.
Step grate
Pollutants
Concentration in
mg/Nm 3
Note: In the case of horse shoe and spreader stroker boilers, if more than one boiler is
attached to a single stack, the standard shall be fixed based on added capacity of all
the boilers connected with the stack.
Standards
Pollutants
Source
Conc.
Based,
(mg/Nm 3
Load
based,
kg/tonne
of Pb used)
(
Grid casting
Lead
Particulate Matter
10
25
0.020
Oxide
Manufacturing
Lead
Particulate Matter
10
25
0.010
Paste mixing
Lead
Particulate Matter
10
25
0.025
Assembling
Lead
Particulate Matter
10
25
0.010
PVC section
Particulate Matter
150
--
To comply the respective standards, all the emissions from above mentioned
sources shall be routed through stack connected with hood and fan. In addition to
above installation of control equipment viz. Bag filter/ventury scrubber is also
recommended.
The minimum stack height shall be 30 m.
Liquid Effluent Discharge Standards
Pollutant
PH
Concentration
Suspended solids
6.5 8.5
50 mg/I
0.1 mg/I
Lead
lI
Standards
Pollutant
Concentration based
(mg/Nm 3
50
Load based
kg/lakh cell)
0.3
Particulate Matter
Manganese as Mn
1.5
To comply with the respective standards, all the emissions from above mentioned
sources shall be routed through stack connected with hood and fan. In addition to
above installation of control equipment viz. Bag filter/ventury scrubber is also
recommended.
The minimum stack height shall be 30 m.
Effluent Standards
Pollutant
Concentration
pH
6.5-8.5
100 mg/I
Manganese as Mn
Mercury as Hg
0.02 mg/I
Zinc as Zn
mg/I
mg/I
Pollutant
Lead as Pb
Concentration
Particulate Matter
10 mg/Nm 3
50 mg/Nm 3
30 m
Emission limit
New Unit
Particulate Matter
(corrected to 6% 002)
150 mg/Nm 3
Existing unit
Particulate Matter
(corrected to 6% 002)
350 mg/Nm 3
Note: For control of emissions and proper dispersion of pollutants, the following
guidelines shall be followed:
Units set up after the publication of this notification shall be treated as new units.
A minimum stack height of 20 metre shall be provided by each unit.
Emissions from coke ovens shall be channelised through a tunnel and finally emitted
through a stack. Damper adjustment techniques shall be used to have optimum heat
utilisation and also to control the emission of unburnt carbon particles and
combustible flue gases.
Wet scrubbing system or waste heat utilisation for power generation or byproduct
recovery systems should be installed preferably to achieve the prescribed standards.
> After four years from the date of this notification, all the existing units shall comply
with the standards prescribed for the new units.
Pollutant
Emission limit
(mg/Nm3)
Less than 2
Particulate Matter
1200*
2 to less than 10
-do-
800*
10 to less than 15
-do-
600*
15 and above
-do-
150**
Note:
I.
II.
III.
12% of CO 2 correction shall be the reference value for particulate matter emission
standards for all categories of boilers.
These limits shall supercede the earlier limits notified under Schedule I at Sr. No.
(34) of EPA, 1986 (GSR 742E,dated 30 August, 1990)
Stack Height for Small Boilers
For the small boilers using coal or liquid fuels, the required stack height with the
boiler shall be calculated by using the formula
H = 14 Q
0.3
Where H
(i)
(ii)
A provision for sucking in secondary air above the fuel bed with adjustable
opening area should be provided.
(iii)
(iv)
The ID fan & damper should be located preferably nearer to the front side
of boiler & should be easily accessible such that the boiler operator can
access the damper easily & quickly & can operate while looking at boiler
furnace condition.
7a
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
(x)
The flue gas carrying duct should be sized appropriately, say for peak
flowrate gas velocity of 14 to 16 m/s to be maintained.
(xi)
A portable & simple to operate type (say, Pyrite kit) 002 monitoring
instrument should be provided.
(i)
Solid fuels like coal, briquettes etc. should be appropriately sized approx.
1 to 2 inch size / dia (large pieces to be broken, wherever required)
(ii)
Fuel should be fired uniformly and in less quantity at a time such that the
bed thickness does not exceed about 6 to 9 inches (and not in big heaps).
Depending on high /low steam demand, the frequency of firing could be
increased or decreased (say 4 to 5 times / hr during higher steam
demand, or say 2 to 3 times / hr during lower steam demand).
(iii)
Every time the fuel is fired, the damper should be set to "High" position for
a minute or two (this would suck more combustion air required for burning
volatile matter & thereby reduce soot / black smoke formation), and then it
should be set back to "Low" position, till the next firing. (setting could be
made after a few trails). This damper adjustment should be done by the
boiler operator throughout the boiler operation as a part of his regular duty
like firing fuel for achieving optimised combustion at all time & thereby
preventing pollution.
7b
(iv)
"Secondary air opening" to be kept full open at the time of firing for one or
two minutes. Later, the opening "Must" be reduced till next firing. (Setting
by trial & error).
(v)
(vi)
Soot deposits in tubes should be cleaned from time to time with proper
tool. Build-up of deposits affects the steam generation adversely & results
into higher flue gas temp. & higher stack loss.
(vii)
(viii)
The cyclone bottom opening should be kept air tight & leak proof, else, it
would reduce cyclone efficiency. The dust collected should be taken out
from time to time (say once per shift) & appropriately disposed avoiding
secondary pollution.
(ix)
Good quality feed water should be used for boiler & appropriate chemicals
should be added, as directed by boiler supplier, for avoiding tube
deposits, else it would reduce steam generation.
(x)
Size
Kiln Capacity
Small
1000
Medium
Large
750
750
7c
Stack Height
Existing moving chimney Bull's trench kilns shall be dispensed with by December 31,
1987 and no new moving chimney kilns shall be allowed to come up.
Considering the immediate need to protect the top soil and to find ways the safe
disposal/utilisation of fly ash, it is provided that from the 1st Jaunary 1997, all brick
manufacturing units within a radius of 50 kms from any thermal power plant, shall utilise
fly ash in optimal proportion for making bricks.
Source : EPA Notification
[GSR No. 176(E), April 2, 1996]
Amendments :
(i)
Existing Moving bull's trench kilns shall be dispensed by June 30, 1999 and no
new moving chimney kilns shall be allowed to come up.
Source : EPA Notification
[GSA No. 7, Dec. 22, 1998]
(ii)
Existing moving chimney bull's trench kilns shall be dispensed with by June 30,
2000 and no new moving kilns shall be allowed to come up.
Source : EPA Notification
[GSR 682(E), October 5, 1999]
8
Pollutant
Emission limit
Particulate Matter
(corrected to 6% CO2)
Particulate matter
(corrected to 6% CO2)
350 mg/Nm 3
150 mg/Nm 3
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
pH
Cyanide as ON
Sulphide as S
Nitrate as N
Free C!2 as Cl
Zinc as Zn
Copper as Cu
Nickel as Ni
Arsenic as As
Cadmium as Cd
Oil and Grease
Suspended Solids
6.5 to 8.5
0.2
0.2
10.0
1.0
5.0
2.0
2.0
0.1
0.2
10.0
100
Pollutants
Emission Limit
(mg/Nm 3
)
Kiln
Arc Furnace
Particulate Matter
-do-
250
150
Emissions limit
Particulate Matter
150 mg/Nm 3
Pollutants
Emission limit
(mg/Nm 3
)
Particulate Matter
400
Particulate Matter
250
Note:
(1) The Central and the State pollution control boards may fix stringent standards not
exceeding 250 mg/Nm 3 for smaller plants and 150 mg/Nm 3 for larger plant the
industry is located in an area which, in their opinion requires more stringent
standards.
(2)
Where continuous monitoring equipments are provided on dust emission lines the
integrated average values over a period, to be fixed by the central and state
boards but not exceeding 72 hours shall be considered instead of momentary dust
emission value conformity to standards.
Source : EPA Notification
[S.O. 393(3), dt 16th April, 19871
10
A.
(b) Down-draft
(c) Shuttle
Particulate Matter
Fluoride
Chloride
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate Matter
Fluoride
Chloride
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate Matter
Fluoride
Chloride
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate Matter
Fluoride
Sulphur dioxide
Particulate Matter
Fluoride
Sulphur dioxide
150
10
100
**
1200
10
1000
**
150
10
100
**
250
10
**
150
10
**
Concentration in
mg/Nm 3
Kilns
B.
Pollutants
Particulate Matter
150
Particulate Matter
Particulate Matter
(a) Dryers
(i) Fuel fired dryers
(ii) For heat recovery dryers
(b) Mechanical finishing
operation
Particulate Matter
Particulate Matter
Particulate Matter
150
(Contd....)
11
(Contd....)
Sections
Pollutants
Concentration in
mg/Nm 3
manufacture
Capacity:
Upto 5 tpd
Stack Height
-do-
Above 5 tpd
-do-
and up to 40 tpd
More than 40 tpd
-do-
150 mg/Nm 3
Note : Oxygen reference level for particulate matter concentration calculations for Kilns
mentioned at A(c) is 18% and for those at A(b), A(d), and A(e) is 8 %.
*
All possible preventive measures should be taken to control pollution as far as
practicable.
The standard for sulphur dioxide in terms of stack height limits for kilns with
various capacities of coal consumption shall be as indicated below.
Stack Height (metre)
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30 or using formula
H - 14(Q) .3 which ever is more
Emission limit
(mg/Nm 3
Pollutants
a) Mercury cell
b) All processes
c) All processes
0.2
15
35
Parameter
0.01
10 kl/tonne of caustic
soda produced
5.5 to 9.0
Final effluent is the combined effluent from (a) Cell house; (b) Brine plant; (c)
Chlorine handling; (d) Hydrogen handling and (e) Hydrochloric acid plant.
Source EPA Notification
[S.O. 844(E), dt., 19th Nov., 1986]
Paramter
pH
Biochemical oxygen demand (27 C, 3 days)
Suspended solids
Phenolic componds (As C6H5OH)
Cyanides (As ON)
Oil & grease
Ammonical nitrogen (As N)
5.5 to 9.0
30
100
5
0.2
10
50
Source : EPA Notification
[S.O. 64(E), dt. 18th Jan., 1988]
13
STANDARDS
Emission Limit
Source
Parameter
Particulate matter
Concentrator
Oxides of sulphur*
150 mg / Nm
4 kg/tonne of concentrated (one
New Coal
Mines (Coal
Mines coming
up after Dec.
1998)
Pollutant
Time
Concentrat-
Method of Measurement
Suspended
wighted
Avg.
Annual
ion in
Ambient Air
360 ^g/m 3
Particulate
Average*
Matter (SPM)
24 hours**
500 [Ag/m3
Respirable
Particulate
Annual
Average*
180 ^g /m
Matter
(size
less than
10
24 hours**
250 1 g/m 3
Sulphur
Annual
80 V g/m 3
Dioxide (SO2)
Average*
24 hours**
Oxide
Nitrogen
of Annual
as Average*
NO2
14
1.1
Respirable Particulate
Matter Sampler
1. Improved
west
and
Gaeke method
120 ,g/m3
2. Ultraviolet fluorescene
80 R g/m 3
120 [tg/m3
24 hours**
less
than
m3/minute)
Method
2. Gas phase
Chemilumine scence
Table 11
Category
Existing coal
fields/mines
given below:
Karanpura,
Giridih,
Rajhara,
Wardha,
Nagpur,
Silewara,
Pench,
Kanhan,
Patharkhera,
Umrer,
Korba,
Chirimiri,
Central India
Coalfields
(including
t3aikunthpur,
Bisrampur) ,
Singrauli, lb
Valley,
Talcher, and
Godavary
Vaily
coalfields
o u ant
Suspended
Particulate
Matter
(SPM)
Respirable
Particulate
Matter
(size less
than 10
m) ((RPM)
sulphur
Dioxide
(SO2)
Oxide of
Nitrogen as
NO2
Time
wighted
Avg.
Annual
Average*
Concentration in
Ambient Air
430 1g/m 3
Method of
easuremen
24 hours**
Annual
Average*
600
m3
215 lt g/m
24 hours**
300 Ag/m 3
Annual*
Average
80 p.g m
west
1. Improved
Gaeke method
24 hours**
Annual
Average*
120 g/m 3
80 p,g m
24 hours**
120 p,g/m 3
2. Ultraviolet fluorescene
1 Jacob Hochheiser
Modified (Na-Aresnic)
Method
and
Table III
Category
Old Coal
Mines
- Jharia
- Raniganj
- Bokaro
Pollutant
Suspended
Particulate
Matter
(SPM)
Respirable
Particulate
Matter
(size less
10
than
m) ((RPM)
Sulphur
Dioxide
(SO2)
Time
wighted
Avg.
Annual
Average*
Concentration in
Ambient Air
500 g/m
24 hours**
700 g/m 3
Annual
Average*
250 lt g/m
24 hours**
300 tg/m 3
Annual
Average*
80 g/m
120 /m 3
80 1,g/m
2. Ultraviolet fluorescene
Jacob & Hochheiser
1.
(Na-Aresnic)
Modified
Method
24 hours**
of Annual
Oxide
Nitrogen as Average*
NO2
24 hours**
Method of Measurement
-
120 1g/m 3
2. Gas phase Chemiluminescence
15
Note :
* Annual Arithmatic mean for the measurements taken in a Year, following the
guidelines for frequency of sampling laid down in para 18.2.
24 hourly / 8 hourly values should met 98% of the time in a Year. However 2% of the
time it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
The ambient air quality standards shall apply to the nearest residential /
commercial places (existing / likely) on the leaward direction on the mining and
allied activities.
Unauthorised construction will not be taken as a reference of nearest residential /
commercial place for monitoring.
18.2 Frequency of Sampling
The standards for effluent discharge into sewer/stream/land, are given below:
5.5 to 9.0
PH
-
100 mg/I
Total Suspended Solids
-
-
200 mg/I (Land for irrigation)
-
10 mg/I
Oil & Grease
Nitrate Nitrogen
-
10 mg/I
18.4 Noise level standards
9.00 PM 6.00 AM
Leq 70 dB(A)
Occupational exposure limit of noise prescribed by the Director General, Mines &
safety (DGMS) shall be complied with.
Source :
[Evolved by CPCB]
16
> The difference in the value of suspended particulate matter, delta (A),
measured between 25 and 30 metre from the enclosure of coal crushing plant
in the downward and leeward wind direction shall not exceed 150 microgram
per cubic meter. Method of measurement shall be High Volume Sampling and
Average flow rate, not less than 1.1 cubic metre per minute, using upwind
downwind method of measurement.
2.
The coal washeries shall maintain the close circuit operation with zero effluent
discharge.
> If in case due to some genuine problems like periodic cleaning of the system,
heavy rainfall etc. it become necessary to discharge the effluent of
sewer/land/stream then the effluent shall conform to the following standards
at the final outlet of the coal washery.
S.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3.
Limits
5.5-9.0
100 mg/I
10 mg/I
30 mg/I
250 mg/I
1.0 mg/I
Parameter
pH
Total suspended solids
Oil & grease
B.O.D. (3 days, 27 C)
COD
Phenolics
> Wate or Water mixed chemical shall be sprayed at all strategic coal transfer
points such as conveyors, loading unloading points etc. As far as practically
possible conveyors, transfer points etc. shall be provided with enclosures.
> The crushers/pulverisers of the coal washeries shall be provided with
enclosures, fitted with suitable air pollution control measures and finally
emitted through a stack of minimum height of 30 m, conforming particulate
emission standard of 150 mg/Nm 3 or provided with adequate water sprinkling
arrangement.
17
Parameter
pH
*BOD at 27 C,
3 days
**Suspended solids
Oil and grease
Wastewater generation
Concentration not to
exceed in mg/I, except pH
6.5-8.5
100
3 m 3/KI of milk
150
10
Note:* BOD may be made stringent upto 30mg/I if the recipient fresh water body is a
source for drinking water supply. BOD shall be upto 350mg/I for the chilling plant
effluent for applying on land provided the land is designed and operated as a
secondary treatment system with suitable monitoring facilities. The drainage
water from the land after secondary treatment has to satisfy a limit of 30mg/I of
BOD and 10mg/I of nitrate expressed as 'N'. The net addition of the groundwater
quality should not be more than 3mg/I of BOD and 3 mg/I of nitrate expressed as
'N'. The limit for applying on land is allowed subject to the availability of adequate
land for discharge under the control of the industry, BOD value is relaxable upto
18
Emission limit
To achieve the standard, foundries may install scrubber, followed by a stack of height
six times the diameter of the Cupola beyond the charging door.
Note :
In case due to some technical reasons, installation of scrubber is not possible, then
value of SO2 to the ambient air has to be effected through the stack height.
Source : EPA Notification
[GSR No. 176(E), April 2, 1996]
Similarly for higher KVA ratings a stack height can be worked out using the above
formula.
Source: Evolved By CPCB
[Emission Regulations Part IV:COINDS/26/1986-87]
19
1)
2)
On and from the 1st day of March, 1990, every motorvehicle shall comply
with the following standards:
a)
b)
idling CO emission limit for all two and three wheeled petrol driven
vehicles shall not exceed 4.5 per cent by volume;
c)
Method of Test
3.1
5.2
75
65
2.3
3)
On and from the 1st day of April, 1991, all petrol driven vehicles shall be
so manufactured that they comply, with the mass emission standards as
specified at Annexure -l. The breakdown of the operating cycle used for
the test shall be as specified at Annexure-II and the reference fuel of such
tests shall be as specified in Annexure-Ill to this schedule.
4)
On and from the 1st day of April, 1991 all diesel driven vehicles shall be
so manufactured that they comply, with the mass emission standard
based on exhaust gas capacity specified in Anneuxre-IV to this schedule.
5)
On and from the 1st day of April, 1992 all diesel driven vehicles shall be
so manufactured that they comply with the following levels of emissions
under the Indian driving cycle.
20
Mass of Hydrocarbons
(HC), max. gm/ kWH
Mass of Nitrogen
Oxides (NO,),
max. gm/kWH
14
3.5
18
6)
7)
Test for smoke emission level and carbomonoxide level for motor vehicles
a)
b)
The driver or any person incharge of the vehicle shall upon demand
by any officer referred to sub-paragraph (a), submit the vehicle for
testing for the purpose of measuring the standard of smoke or the
levels of other pollutants of both.
c)
21
ANNEXURE-I
(See Paragraph 3)
CO (g/km)
HC (g/km)
R<150
12
150 R <350
18(R-150)
12 + ----------200
30
R>350
4(R-150)
200
12
CO (g/km)
HC (g/km)
rw<1020
1020<rw<1250
1250<rw<1470
1470<rw<1700
1700<rw<1930
1930<rw<2150
rw<2150
14.3
16.5
18.8
20.7
22.9
24.9
27.1
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.7
2.9
2.
CO(g/km)
HC (g/km)
R <150
15
10
25(R-150)
15+---------------
200
40
5(R-150)
15+-------------200
R>350
22
15
CO(g/km)
HO (g/km)
rw< 1020
1020<rw<1250
1250<rw<1470
1470<rw<1700
1700<rw<1930
1930<rw<2150
rw<2150
17.3
19.7
2.7
22.5
24.9
27.6
29.9
32.6
2.2
2.8
3.0
3.3
3.5
3.7
Note: For any of the pollutants referred to above of the three results obtained may
exceed the limit specified for the vehicles by not more than 10 per cent.
Mass emission standards refers to the gm. of pollutants emitted per km. run of
the vehicle, as determined by a chassis dynamometer test using the Indian
Driving Cycle.
23
ANNEXURE-II
(See Paragraph 3)
Break down of the operating cycle used for the test (km/hr)
No. of Operation
Acceleration
(m/sec t
)
1.
Idling
2.
Speed
(km/hr)
Cumulative
time
(second)
16
16
14
22
0.56
14-22
26
0.63
22-13
30
13
32
Acceleration
0.65
03. Acceleration
04. Deceleration
05. Steady speed
Duration
each
operation
(second)
06. Acceleration
0.56
13-23
37
07. Acceleration
0.44
23-31
42
08. Deceleration
0.56
31-25
45
25
49
9.
Steady speed
10. Deceleration
0.56
25-21
51
11. Acceleration
0.45
21-34
59
12. Deceleration
0.32
34-42
66
13. Deceleration
0.46
42-37
69
37
76
15. Deceleration
0.42
37-34
78
16. Acceleration
0.32
34-42
85
17. Deceleration
0.46
42-27
94
18. Deceleration
0.52
27-14
101
19. Deceleration
0.26
14-00
108
24
ANNEXURE-III
(See Paragraph 3)
Reference Fuel for Type and Production Conformity Tests
SI. Characters
No.
Requirements
87 octane
90 octane
1.
2.
Colour, visual
Copper-strip corrosion
for 3 hours at 50 C
Density at 15 C
Distillation:
Initial boiling point
Orange
Red
Not worse than No. 1
3.
4.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
5)
6)
7)
Recovery up to 70 C,
per cent by volume, min.
Recovery up to 180 C,
per cent by volume, min.
Recovery up to 180C,
per cent by volume, min
Final boiling point, Max
Residue percent by
volume maximum
Octane number (research
method)
Oxidation stability,
in minutes, minimum
Residue on evaporation
mg /100 ml, max.
8)
Method of test
(ref of P: or IS:
1148*
5
-
P:5(1968)
P:16(1967)
50
90
90
215C
2
215C
2
87
94
P:27 (1960)
360
360
P:28(1966)
4.0
4.0
0.25
0.20
P:29(1960)
(Air jat solvent
washed)
P:34(1966)
0.56
0.80
0.70
0.70
25
P:37(1967)
or P:38(1967)
P:39(1967)
ANNEXURE -IV
(See Paragraph 4)
Limit Values of Exhaust Gas Opacity Applicable for Diesel Drive Vehicles The
Engine Tests at Steady Speed
2.00
1.91
1.82
1.75
1.68
1.61
1.56
1.50
1.46
1.41
1.38
1.34
1.31
1.27
1.25
1.22
1.20
1.17
1.15
1.31
1.11
1.09
1.07
1.07
1.04
1.02
1.01
1.00
0.99
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.93
42
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
26
Characteristics
SI.
No.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(1)
(2)
(
3 )
Density at 15 C, kg /m 3
Centane Number, min
Distillation 85 per cent
by volume recovery at C,
max and 95 per cent by
volume recovery at C,
max
Sulphur, per cent by
mass,
Requirement
Method of Test
ref. to P:of
IS: 1448
820 to 880( 1
450(2)
350
P 32
P 9
P 18
370
P 33
0.50(3)
Note:
SI.
No.
i)
ii)
iii)
Requirement
Characteristic
Acidity, inorganic
Acidity, total, mg of
KOH /g, Max
Ash, percent by mass,
Max
HSD
LDO
Nil
0.20
Nil
-
0.01
0.02
Method of Test
Ref To
Annex [P:] of
IS 1448
-
P 2
P 2
:
P 4
:
(Contd....)
27
(Contd....)
iv)
v)
vi)
Carbon residue
(Ramsbottom) on 10
percent residue,
percent by mass, Max
Cetane number 2), Min
Pour point 4 ), Max
0.30')
1.5
(On whole sample)
48 3
3C for winter 12 Cfor winter
15 Cfor summer 21 Cfor summer
Not worse
Not worse
than No.1
than No.1
350
)
P 8
P 9
P :10
F: 15
P :18
370
35
2.0 to 5.0
2.5 to 15.7
0.05
0.10
820-8606)
0.25
To be
reported
1.8
0.05
0.25
6C for winter
18C for summer
1.6
P 20
P 21
:
66
P 25
P 30
P:167)
P 32
P:338)
P 40
F: 10
1) This limit is applicable prior to cetane number improvers, if used. In case a value
exceeding the limit is obtained on finished fuels in the market, ASTM D 4046 shall
be used to establish the presence of nitrate containing cetane number improvers. In
such case the present limit for carbon residue cannot be applied. However, the use
of cetane number improverers does not exempt the manufacturer from meeting
their requirement prior to the addition of additives.
2)
When a test engine is not available or when the quantity of the sample is too small
for an engine rating Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation by ASTM D
4737 may be used for estimation of cetane number. The error in prediction of the
'Calculated Cetane Index' by this method will be less than +2 Cetane Number for
28
fuels having Cetane Number within the range of 32 to 56. It may be noted that this
method is not applicable to pure hydrocarbons or fuels containing cetane improvers
or fuels derived from coal. For arbitration purposes, the direct determination of
cetane number by means of the standardized engine test shall be used unless the
buyer and the seller agree otherwise.
3) For diesel fuel processed from Assam crude, the value of 45 minimum shall apply.
4) Winter shall be the period from November to February (both months inclusive) and
rest of the months of the year shall be called a s summer. The values for maximum
pour point and CFPP shall be those as directed by OCC from time to time.
5) Diesel fuel for Naval applications including Merchant navy and fishing vessels of 12
metres and above is length shall have a flash point of 66 C, Min, when tested by
the method prescribed is IS 1448 [ P21 ] : 1970.
6) For diesel fuel processed from Assam crude, the value 820-870 shall apply.
7) In case of dispute with regard to the test to be followed, [P- 32] shall be the referee
test method.
8) The test method given IF 336 may be permitted for testing of total sulphur as an
alternative method. However in case of dispute, method gives in [ P:33] of IS 1448
shall be the referee method.
9) This test shall be carried out only at the refinery or manufacturer's end. As an
alternative, the test method ASTM D 2274, may be used and in such case the
value of total insolubles shall be 1.5 mg/100 ml, Max. In case of dispute regard to
the test to be followed, ASTM D 2274 shall be the referee test method.
Diesel Vehicles : Mass Emission Standards (Effective from 1st April, 1996)
Vehicle Category
HC*
(g /kwhr)
CO*
(g /kwhr)
NOx
(g/kwhr)
Smoke
2.4
11.2
14.4
**
Light diesel
upto 3.5 T/GVW
2.4
11.2
14.4
**
or
29
Reference mass
R (kg)
CO**
g/km
R <1020
1020<R<1250
1250<R<1470
1470<R<1700
1700<R<1930
1930 <R <2150
R>2150
HC+NOx**
g/krn
5.0
5.78
6.4
7.0
7.7
8.2
9.0
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.5
40
Note
*
The test cycle is as per 13 mode cycle on dynamometer.
The test should be as per Indian driving cycle with cold start.
***
The emissions of visible pollutants (smoke) shall not exceed the limit value to
smoke density. When expressed as light absorption coefficient given in Annexure
(4) at Sr. No. 67 for various nominal flows when tested at constant speeds over
full load.
Source: [GSR 609(E) Sept. 15, 19931
Min. of surface Transport under Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989]
23.4a Motor Gasoline: Specifications for Emission Related Parameters
S. Parameter
Method of Test
Requirement
No.
ref. to P: of
IS : 1448
(i)
(ii)
35 to 70
5.0(1)
P:39
P:104
0.10 (unleaded)
0.013 (unleaded)
P:34
(v)
50
ASTM 873:8
40
P:29
No.
Requirements
Leaded Unleaded Unleaded
Regular Regular
Premium
i) Colour, visual
Orange
710-770
ii) Density, 15C, kg/m 3
iii) Distillation:
10-45
a) Recovery upto 70 C (E 70),
40-70
b) Recovery upt to 100 C
(E 100), percent by volume
c) Recovery up to 180 C
90
(E180), percent by volume, Min
d) Fini boiling point (FBP), Max 215 C
e) Residue, percent by volume, 2
Max
84
iv) Anti-knock index (AKI), Min
40
v) Existent gum, g/m 3 Max
,
Colourless Red
710-770
710-770
10-45
40-70
10-45
40-70
90
90
215 C
2
215C
2
84
40
88
40
50
50
Potential gum'), g/m 3 max
0.10
Sulphur, total, percent by mass,0.20
35-60
Reid vapour pressure (RVP), 35-60
Vapour lock index (VLI),
(VLI=10RVP +7 E70), Max
750
750
a) Summer
950
950
b) Other months
5.0
xi) Benzene content, percent by 5.0
volume, max
Not more than No.
xii) Copper strip corrosion for 3 h
at 50 C
xiii) Water tolerance of
gasoline-alcohol blends,
temperature for phase
separation, C, Max
10
10
a) Summer
vi)
vii)
ix)
x)
b) Winter ti)
0
31
750
950
5.0
10
0
[P:16]
50
0.10
35-60
1 [P:15]
Method of Test
P:of Annex
IS 1448 of this
Standard
[P:104]
-
1)
To be carried out at the refinery end only, and the limit for this rest is meant for
produces prior to addition of multifunctional additives, if used. However, the use
of multifunctional additives does not exempt the manufacturer from meeting this
requirement prior to addition of additives.
This test shall be carried out on the gasoline before addition of multifunctional
detergent/dispergent additives, as these may interfere with the test.
For unleaded motor gasoline test method ASTMD 5059/IF 352 shall be followed.
For the gasoline-alcohol blends, the dry vapour test method gives in Annex A
shall be followed.
From May to July in Central India and northern plains in India.
In winter it is expected that temperature may be lower than 0 C in the northern
hilly region and hence phase separation shall not take place till -10 C.
(Source : IS-1460--1995)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
23.5 Petrol Driven Vehicles : Mass Emission Standards Effective from ist April,
1996 to 2000
Passenger Cars
i)
Cubic Capacity
(Cm 3
C<1,400
C>.1,400<2,000
C>2,000
Carbon Monoxide
(gm/km)
HC + NOX
(gm/km)
8.68
11.20
12.40
3.00
3.84
4.36
Note:
1.
The tests will be as per Indian Driving Cycle with worm start.
2.
3.
ii)
iii)
CO,g/km
6.75
HC + NOR, g/km
5.40
4.50
HC + NO R , g/km
3.60
32
80 dB (A)
82 dB (A)
85 dB (A)
89 dB (A)
91 dB (A)
33
23.7 Mass Emission Standards for Petrol Driven Vehicles (for vehicles fitted
with Catalytic Converter) effective for 1998 to 2000
(1)
Passenger Cars
Cubic Capacity
(cm
HC+NOX (gm/km)
Passenger
Passenger
cars fitted
cars not fitted
with Catalytic with Catalytic
Converter
Converter
C < 1400
4.34
8.68
1.50
3.0
5.60
11.20
1.92
3.84
C > 2000
6.20
12.40
2.18
4.36
Note :
The test will be as per Indian driving cycle with warm start. However, with effect
from 1 st April, 1998 the test will be as per Indian driving cycle with cold start for
catalytic converter fitted vehicles as:
Soak Temperature
Soak Period
Preparatory running
before sampling
Number of test cycles
Break Down of cycles
:
:
:
20 30 C
6 30 hrs.
4 cycles
:
:
2.
For passenger cars not fitted with catalytic converter, the test will continue to be
with warm start as per existing procedure, till 01.04.2000.
3.
4.
5.
COP Standards : 20% relaxation in the standards for Carbon Monoxide and
combined HC+NO x would be given.
6.
For vehicles fitted with Catalytic converter a detonation factor of 1.2 on Type
Approval limits will be applicable for durability.
(II)
(gms/km)
CO
HC+NOx (gms/km)
6.75
5.40
34
Note :
The test will be as per Indian driving cycle with warm start. However, with effect
1.
from Ist April, 1998, the test will be as per Indian driving cycle with cold start.
COP Standards : 20% relaxation in the standards for Carbon Monoxide and
combined HC+NO. would be given.
Two Wheelers (for all categories)
2.
(Ill)
4.50
3.60
(gms/km)
CO
HC+NOx (gms/km)
Note :
3.
The test will be as per Indian driving cycle with warm start. However, with effe
from Ist April, 1998, the test will be as per Indian driving cycle with cold start.
4.
COP Standards : 20% relaxation in the standards for Carbon Monoxide and
Nominal Flow
G(I/s)
Annexure 1
Normal Flow
Light Absorption
Coefficient
G(i/s)
Light Absorption
Coefficient
K(I/m)
K(I/m)
42
2.26
120
1.37
45
2.19
125
1.345
50
2.08
130
1.32
55
1.985
135
1.30
60
1.90
140
1.27
65
1.84
145
1.25
70
1.775
150
1.205
75
1.72
160
1.19
80
1.665
165
1.17
85
1.62
170
1.155
90
1.574
175
1.14
95
1.535
180
1.125
100
1.495
185
1.11
105
1.465
190
1.095
110
1.425
195
1.08
11 5
1.395
200
1.065
23.8 Mass Emission Standards for Vehicles Manufactured on and after 1 st April,
2000
A.
Passenger Cars
Type Approval
Conformity of Production
CO(g/km)
HC+NOx (g /km)
2.72
3.16
0.97
1.13
Notes :
The test shall be as per the modified Indian Driving Cycle, with cold start as specified in
Annexure IV `B', on chasis dynamometer.
There should be no crankcase emission.
Evaporative emission should not be more than 2 gm/test.
For vehicles fitted with Catalytic Converter, a deterioration factor of 1.2 on Type
Approval Limits will be applicable for durability.
Commercial fuel shall be as notified by the Ministry of Environment & Forests vide
Notification No. GSR 176 (E), dated the 2 d April, 1996.
"
2 Wheelers and
3 Wheelers
CO (g /km)
2 -wheelers 3 -wheelers
Type Approval
Conformity of Production
4.0
4.8
2.0
2.4
HC+NOx (g /km)
2 -wheelers 3 -wheelers
2.0
2.4
2.0
2.4
Notes :
The test shall be as per the Indian Driving Cycle, with cold start on Chassis
Dynamometer as specified in Annexure IV B to the Principal Rules.
Commercial fuel shall be as notified by the Ministry of Environment & Forests vide
Notification No. GSR 176 (E), dated the 2 nd April, 1996.
Reference test fuel shall be as specified in Annexure IV C.
36
B.
1.
Pollutants
Limits for
Type Approval
Conformity of Production
CO (g/kWh)
4.5
4.9
HC (g/kWh)
1.1
1.23
NOx (g/kWh)
8.0
9.0
power exceeding 85 kW
PM (g/kWh) for engines with
0.36
0.4
power exceeding 85 kW
0.36
0.4
II.
Pollutants
Limits for
Type Approval
CO (g/kWh)
HC (g/kWh)
NOx (g/kWh)
PM (g/kWh) for engines with
power exceeding 85 kW
PM (g/kWh) for engines with
power equal to or less than 85 kW
Conformity of Production
4.5
1.1
8.0
4.9
1.23
9.0
0.36
0.4
0.61
0.68
Reference Mass'
(kg)
R<1250
1250<R<1700
1700 > R
CO
HC+NOx
PM
CO
HC+NOx
PM
2.72
5.17
6.90
0.97
1.40
1.70
1.14
0.19
0.25
3.16
6.0
8.0
1.13
1.60
2.0
0.18
0.22
0.29
37
Notes :
The test for vehicles with GVW equal to or less than 3.5 ton shall be as per the 13
mode cycles on engine dynamometer specified in Annexure IVA to the principal rules.
The test shall be as per the Indian Driving Cycles, for 2 wheelers and 3 wheelers and
modified Indian Driving Cycle for 4 wheelers with cold start, as specified in Annexure
IVB on Chassis Dynamometer.
For vehicles fitted with catalytic converters a deterioration factor 1.1 of CO; 1.0 for
HC+NOx and 1.2 for PM on type approval limits will be applicable for durability.
The emission of visible pollutants (smoke) shall not exceed the limit value to smoke
density, when expressed as light absorption co-efficient for various nominal flows as in
Annexure to RuIel 15(9) (Notification No. GSR 163 (E) dated 29th March, 1996), when
tested at constant speeds over full load. These smoke limits are without correction
factor and engines are to be tested with conditioned air supplied to the engine to
maintain atmospheric factor of 0.98 to 1.02.
Commercial fuel shall be as notified by Ministry of Environment and Forests vide
Notification No. GSR 176 (E) dated 2 nd April, 1996.
Reference test fuel shall be as specified in Annexure IV D.
Source : Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989
GSR 493 (E) dated August 28, 1997
Soak Temperature
Soak Period
Preparatory running before sampling
Number of test cycles
Break down of cycles
6 30 hrs
38
B.
-
-
30C
6-30 hrs
Idling of 40 seconds and 4 cycles
4 cycles of Part one and I cycle of Part two
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Idling
Acceleration
Steady Speed
Deceleration
Deceleration,
Clutch
dises a ed
Idlin
Acceleration
Gear Change
Acceleration
Steady Speed
Deceleration
Deceleration,
clutch
disengaged
Idling
Acceleration
Gear Change
Acceleration
Gear Chan e
Acceleration
Steady Speed
Deceleration
Stead 5 eed
Gear Chan e
Deceleration
Deceleration,
Clutch
disengaged
Idling
Phase
Accelerati
on (m/s2)
Speed
(km/h)
2
3
1.04
-0.69
-0.92
0-15
15
15-10
10-0
0.83
0-15
Duration of each
OperaPhase
tion s
(s)
Cumulative
time(s)
11
2
8
2
3
11
4
8
21
-0.75
15-32
32
32-10
23
5
2
5
24
8
-0.92
10-0
11
96
0-15
0.62
15-35
0.52
35-50
-0.52
50
50-35
35
- 0.86
32-10
21
5
2
9
2
8
12
8
13
2
7
21
0.83
117
1 22
124
133
135
143
155
163
176
178
185
5
6
0.94
7
12
24
11
15
23
25
25
48
54
56
61
85
93
Gear to be used in
the case of manual
gear box
As PM-5sK1
1
1
1
K1 (*)
16sPM-5sK1
1
2
2
2
10
11
12
13
26
12
8
13
K2 (*
16sPM-5sK1
1
2
3
3
3
3
2
12
14
-0.92
10-0
3
7
15
188
K2 (*)
195
7 s PM(*)
Phase
Idling
Acceleration
Gear Change
Acceleration
Gear Change
Acceleration
Gear Change
Acceleration
Steady Speed
10
Deceleration
11
Steady Speed
12
Acceleration
13
Steady Speed
14
Acceleration
15
Steady Speed
16
Deceleration
17
Deceleration
18
Deceleration
19
Idling
Cumulative
time(s)
Gear to be used in
the case of manual
gear box
20
K1 (*)
25
27
36
38
46
48
50-70
13
61
70
50
50
111
70-50
119
4 s.5 + 4 s.4
50
69
69
188
50-70
13
13
201
70
50
50
251
70-90
24
24
275
90
83
83
358
-0.69
90-80
362
-1.04
80-50
370
-1.39
50-00
10
380
K2 (*)
400
PM (*)
Accelerati
on (m/s2)
Speed
(km/h)
1
0.83
0.62
0-15
15-35
Operation(s)
Phase
(s)
20
20
2
0.52
0.43
10
Duration of each
-0.69
0.43
0.24
35-50
11
41
20
40
22
20
ANNEXURE IV C
(See rule 115(10))
Maximum
95.0
D 2699
85.0
D 2700
Density at 15 C (kg/I)
0.718
0.762
D 1298
0.56 bar
0.64 bar
D 323
boiling point
24C
40C
D 86
42C
58C
90C
110C
155C
180C
190C
215C
Distillation:
Residue
2%
D 86
20% vol.
D 1319
45% vol.
Hydrocarbon Analysis:
Olefins
Aromatics
(including
max. 5% vol.
benzene)*
Saturates
balance
D 1319
Oxidation Stability
480 minutes
D 525
Resistant Gum
4 mg/1 00 ml
D 381
Sulphur Content
0.04% mass
D 1266/D 2622/
D 2785
Copper Corrosion at 50 C
D 130
Lead Content
0.005 g/l
D 3237
Phosphorous Content
0.0013 g/l
D 3231
41
ANNEXURE IV D
[See rule 115(10)]
Cetane Number
Density at 15 C (kg/I)
Minimum
Maximum
49
53
D 613
0.835
0.845
D 1298
Distillation:
D 86
50 % point
245 C
90% point
320 C
340 C
370 C
Flash point
55 C
CFPP
Viscosity at 40 C
2.5mm2 /s
3.5mm2/s
D 445
Sulphur content
to be
reported
0.3% mass
D 1266/D 2622/
D 93
(--)
5 C
EN 116 (CEN)
D 2785
Copper corrosion
D 130
0.2% mass
D 189
Ash content
0.01 % mass
D 482
Water content
0.05 % mass
D 95/D 1744
0.20
mg/KOH /g
Oxidation stability
2.5 mg/1 00
ml
(10% DR)
D 2274
Additives
It must not contain any metallic additives or cetane improver additives
42
23.9 Mass Emission Standards (Bharat Stage -Il) (Effective from April 1, 2000)
(A)
Motor Cars with seating capacity of and upto 6 persons (including driver)
and Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) not enceeding 2500 kg.
Vehicles with
Gasoline engine
Diesel engine
(B)
Standard (Type A
CO
2.2
1.0
roval=COP (g/km
(HC+Nox)
PM
0.5
0.7
0.08
)
Class
Ref. Mass(rw) kg
II
III
rw<1250
1250<rw<1700
1700>rw
Notes :
1.
The test including driving cycle shall be as per sub-rule (10), with the
modifications that:
(i)
there shall be no relexation of norms for COP purposes,
(ii)
the tests shall be on Chasis dynamometer,
(iii)
the driving cycle shall be at a maximum speed of 90 kmph, and
(iv)
the reference fuel shall be of a maximum of 0.05% sulphur content.
2.
Commercial fuel or meeting above norms shall be upto 0.05% mass maximum
sulphur content.
3.
There shall be no crankcase emissions for petrol driven vehicles.
4.
Evaporative emission shall not be more than 2.0 g/test from petrol driven
vehicles.
5.
For the above vehicles when fitted with catalytic converter deterioration factor
shall be as follows:
Gasoline engines: CO = 1.2; (HC+NOx)= 1.2;
Diesel engines :
CO = 1.1; (HC+NOx) = 1.0' PM = 1.2.
6.
Provided that the vehicle manufacturers may opt for an aging test of 80,000 kms
for evaluating deterioration factor, as per procedure that may be laid down by the
Central Government.
For diesel engine vehicles, the emission of visible pollutants (smoke) shall not
exceed the limit value to smoke density, when expressed as light absorption
coefficient for various nominal flows as in Annexure-I to Rule 115(9) when tested
at constant speeds over full load.
[Source : Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989
GSR 77 (E), dated January 31, 2000]
43
23.10 Emission of Smoke and Vapour from Agriculture Tractors Driven by Diesel
Engines
(1)
(2)
(3)
Hartridge Units
75
3.25
(4)
All diesel driven agriculture tractors shall be so manufactured and produced that
they comply with the following standards of gaseous pollutants, emitted by them
in addition to those of visibility pollutants as provided in sub-rule (2) when tested
as per the procedures described under ISO 8178-4 'Cl' 8 mode cycle, namely:
The weighted average mass of carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC) and
mass oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) in g /kwhr emitted during the test shall not exceed
the limits given below, both for type approval and COP tests, namely:
-
-
-
18.0 g /kwhr
14.0 g /kwhr
3.5 g /kwhr
[Source : Central Motor Vehicles Rule, 1989, GSR 627(E) September, 99]
23.11 Mass Emission Standards for Compressed Natural Gas Driven Vehicles
HC x (1 -K/1 00)
= total hydrocarbon measured
HC
= % Methane content in natural gas fuel
K
44
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
For in use diesel vehicles : The in-use diesel vehicles when converted for
operation on CNG, shall meet type approval norms for diesel vehicles
corresponding to the year of manufacturer of the vehicle and the
procedure for testing shall be as applicable to in-use gasoline vehicles.
Such converted vehicles shall also meet road-worthiness requirements as
may be specified by the Central Government.
Explaination :
1.
2.
3.
4.
pH
6.O to 9.0
400
Suspended solids
100
100
10.0
Phenolics as C6H5OH
1.0
Cadmium as Cd
0.2
Copper as Cu
2.0
Manganese as Mn
2.0
Lead as Pb
0.1
Mercury as Hg
0.01
Nickel as Ni
2.0
Zinc as Zn
5.0
Chromium asCr
hexavalent
0.1
total
2.0
Bio-assay test
Temperature
PH
6.5-8.5
Suspended solids
011 & grease
BOD at 27 C, 3 days
COD
150 mg/I
20 mg/I
100 mg/I
200 mg/I
Wastewater discharge
(i)
Solvent extraction
(ii)
Refinery/vanaspati
(refined oil/vanasapti)
(iii)
Integrated unit of
oilNanaspati produced
refinery/vanaspati
(iv)
Barometric cooling
water/deodoriser wateroil/vanasapti
Note :
(i)
(ii)
BOD shall be made stringent upto 30 mg/I if the recipient fresh water body is a
source of drinking water supply.
(iii)
The standards for boiler emissions shall be applicable as notified under GSR
176(E), April 2, 1996.
Source : EPA Notification
[GSR 176(E) April 2, 1996]
47
pH
Temperature
6.0 to 9.0
should not exceed 5 C above the
ambient temperature of the receiving body
10
100
0.2
50
1.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
0.1
2.0
3.0
0.1
3.0
10.0
Source : EPA Notification
[S.O. 393(E), dt. 16 t " April, 1987]
Parameter
5.5 to 9.0
Absent
100
pH
Colour & odour
Suspended solids
BOD (27 C, 3 days)
- disposal into inland surface water/
river/streams
- disposal on land or for irrigation
30
100
Source : EPA Notification
[S.O. 64(E), dt. 18th Jan; 1988
GSR 176(E), Apirl 2, 1996]
48
Year of Commissioning
Pollutants
Emission Limit
50 mg/Nm 3 of
0.5 kg-/tonne of Urea
-do-
6.5to8.0
6.5to8.0
50
100
4
10
0.2
0.2
0.2
100
10
75
150
4
10
0.2
0.2
0.2
100
10
0.1
2.0
0.1
2.0
Parameter
pH
Ammonical nitrogen
Total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)
Free ammonical nitrogen
Nitrate nitrogen
Cyanide as CN
Vanadium as V
Arsenic as As
Suspended solids
Oil & grease
Chromium as Cr
hexavalent*
total
*
prior to
January 1, 1982
6.5 to 8.0
50
100
4
10
0.2
0.2
0.2
100
10
6.5 to 8.0
75
150
4
10
0.2
0.2
0.2
100
10
0.1
2.0
0.1
2.0
Parameter
pH
Phosphate as P
Oil & grease
Suspended solids
Fluorides as F*
Chromium as Cr**
Hexavalent
Total
*
0.1
2.0
To be complied with at the outlet of fluoride removal unit, if the recipient system
so demands, fluoride as F shall be limited to 1.5 mg/I.
To be complied with at the outlet of chromate removal unit.
Source : EPA Notification
[S.O. 64(E), dt. 18th Jan. 1988]
50
Parameter
Total fluoride
Particulate Matter
Source
Emission limit, mg /N
Phosphoric acid
manufacturing unit
Granulatin, mixing
and grinding of rock
phosphate
25
150
Parameter
pH
Ammonical nitrogen
Free ammonical nitrogen
Total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)
Nitrate nitrogen
Cyanide as CN
Vanadium as V
Arsenic as As
Phosphate as P
Oil & grease
Suspended solids
Fluoride as F*
Chromium**
hexavalent*
total
*
Plants commissioned
January 1,
1982 onwords
prior to
January 1, 1982
6.5 to 8.0
50
4
100
10
0.2
0.2
0.2
5
10
100
10
6.5 to 8.0
75
4
150
10
0.2
0.2
0.2
5
10
100
10
0.1
2.0
0.1
2.0
To be complied with at the outlet of fluoride removal unit, if the recipient system
so demands, fluoride as F shall be limited to 1.5 mg/I.
To be complied with at the outlet of chromate removal unit.
Source : EPA Notification
[S.O. 64(E) dt. 18th Jan; 19881
51
Parameter
pH
6.5-8.5
100 mg/I
100 mg/I
10 mg/I
Wastewater discharge
Note :
(i)
BOD shall be made stringent upto 30 mg/I if the recipient fresh water body is a
source of drinking water supply.
(ii)
BOD shall be allowed upto 350 mg/I for applying on land, provided the land is
designed and operated as a secondary treatment system with the requisite
monitoring facilities. The drainage water from the land after secondary treatment
has to satisfy the limit of 30 mg/I of BOD and 10 mg/I of nitrate expressed as 'N'.
The net addition to the groundwater quality should not more than 3 mg/I of BOD
and 10 mg/I of nitrate expressed 'N'.
(iii)
BOD shall be allowed upto 350 mg/I for discharge into a town sewer, if such
sewer leads to a secondary biological treatment system.
(iv)
Suspended solids lilmit shall be allowed upto 450 mg/I for discharge into a town
sewer if, such sewer leads to a treatment system.
52
Suspended
solids
(mg/I)
A. Soft drinks
a) Fruit based/
6.5-8.5
100
synthetic
(more than
0.4 tonne/day)
Bottles and
tetrapack
b) Synthetic
disposal via septic tank
(<0.4 tonne/day)
B. Fruits & Vegetables
a) Above 0.4 tonne/day
6.5-8.5
50
6.5-8.5
b) 0.1-0.4 tonne/day
-
C. Pakery
a) Bread and biscuit
1. Continuous
6.5-8.5
-
process
(more than 20 tonne/day)
2. Noncontinuous
disposal via septic tank
Process
(less than 20 tonne/day)
b) Biscuit production
1. 10 tonne/day & Above
6.5-8.5
-
2. Below 10 tonne/day
disposal via septic tank
D. Confectionaries
a) 4 tonne/day & Above
6.5-8.5
50
b) Below 4 tonne/day
disposal via septic tank
Quantum
Oil &
BOD at
gm/tonne
Grease 27 C for 3
of
(mg/I)
days (mg/I) product
10
30
10
-
30
300*
200*
25
300*
35
10
30 -
**
The emission from boiler house shall conform to the standards already
prescribed under EPA, 1986, vide Notification No. GSR 176(E), 02.04.96.
Note :
To ascertain the category of unit falls, the average of daily production and wastewater
discharge for the preceding 30 operating days from the date of sampling shall be
considered.
Source : EPA Notification
[GSR 93(E), Feb 21, 1991]
53
Pollutant
(a)
(b)
(c)
Cupola
Capacity (melting rate):
Less than 3 tonne/hr
3 tonne/hr and above
particulate matter
-do-
450
150
Arc Furnaces
Capacity: All sizes
particulate matter
150
Induction Furnaces
Capacity: All sizes
-do-
150
Note:
It is essential that stack is constructed over the cupola beyond the charging door
(i)
and the emissions are directed through the stack which should be atleast six
times the diameter of cupola.
(ii)
In respect of arc furnaces and induction furnaces, provision has to be made for
collecting the metal fumes before discharging the emissions through the stack
Source : EPA Notification
[G.S.R. 742(E), dt 30th Aug., 1990]
Concentration
(mg/Nm 3
)
particulate matter
particulate matter
150
450
FOR
32.0 GENERAL
STANDARDS*
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS
DISCHARGE
OF
Part-A: Effluents
Standards
S.
No.
Parameter
Inland surface
water
Public
sewers
(a)
(b)
1.
See 6 of
Annexure-1
2.
Suspended solids
mg/I, max.
100
3.
Particle size
of suspended
solids
shall pass
850 micron
IS Sieve
4.
5.
pH value
Temperature
6.
5.5 to 9.0
5.5 to 9.0
shall not
exceed 5 C
above the
receiving
water temperature
20
10
8.
9.
10.
11.
Marine/coastal
areas
(c)
(d)
See 6 of
Annexure-I
See 6 of
Annexure-I
200
7.
Land for
irrigation
600
5.5 to 9.0
-
10
-
50
350
100
55
20
1.0
50
100
5.0
100
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
Chemical oxygen
250
demand, mg/I, max.
Arsenic(as As).
0.2
Mercury (As Hg),
0.01
mg/I, max.
Lead (as Pb)
0.1
mg/I, max.
Cadmium (as Cd)
2.0
mg/I, max
Hexavalent chro0.1
mium (as Cr + 6),
mg/I, max.
Total chromium
2.0
(as Cr) mg/I, max.
Copper (as Cu)
3.0
mg/I, max.
Zinc (as Zn)
5.0
mg/I, max.
Selenium (as Se)
0.05
Nickel (as Ni)
3.0
mg/I, max.
Cyanide (as CN)
0.2
mg/I, max.
Fluoride (as F)
2.0
mg/I, max.
Dissolved phos5.0
phates (as P),
mg/I, max.
Sulphide (as S)
2.0
mg/I, max.
Phenolic
1.0
compounds (as C6H5OH)
mg/I, max.
Radioactive materials:
(a) Alpha emitters
10 -7
micro curie mg/I, max.
(b)Beta emitters
10-6
micro curie mg/I
Bio-assay test
90% suivival
of fish after
96 hours in
100% effluent
Manganese
2 mg/I
3mg/I
Iron (as Fe)
Vanadium (as V)
0.2 mg/I
Nitrate Nitrogsn
10 mg/I
250
0.2
0.01
0.2
-
0.2
0.01
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
15
15
0.05
3.0
0.05
5.0
2.0
0.2
0.2
15
15
5.0
5.0
5.0
10-'
10-8
10,'
10-6
10-'
10-6
90% survival
of fish after
96 hours in
100% effluent
2 mg/I
3 mg/I
0.2 mg/I
-
Industry
Quantum
1.
2.
Sugar
3.
(a)
(
^
4. Fermentation Industries
a M altry
b Brewer
c Distillery
5.
6.
Caustic Soda
Textile Industries:
Man-made fibre
i) N y lon & Polyster
7.
Tanneries
8.
9.
Dairy
3 m 3/kl of Milk
10.
11.
4 m 3/tonne of rubber
products
5 m 3/tonne of urea or
equivglent produced
0.5 m /tonne of SSP/TSP
57
Parameter
10.00
0.70
10.50
14.00
0.35
Quantum
Parameter
2 kg/"tonne of product
S.
No.
Parameter
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mercury
Chlorine
Hydrochloric acid vapour
and mist
Sulphuric acid mist
Carbon monoxide
Lead
150
25
4 Fibres/cc and dust should not be
more than 2 mg/Nm 3
0.2
15
35
7.
8.
9.
50
1%
10
58
For dispersion of sulphur dioxide; a minimum stack height limit is accordingly prescribed
as below:
Stack height (metre)
S.
(i)
275
220
H =(Q) o.3
(ii)
09
12
15
18
21
24
27
30 or as per formula
H =14(Q) 0.3 whichever
is more
Standards
Parameter
Standard
No.
1.
Particulate Matter
Fertilizer (urea)
commissioned prior
to 1.1.82
commissioned after 1.1.82 Particulate Matter
2kg/tonne of product
2.
Sulphur dioxide
4 kg/tonne of concentrated
(100 %) acid produced
3.
Nitric acid
Oxides of nitrogen
(before concentration)
produced
59
4.
Sulphuric acid
5.
Coke oven
6.
Sulphur dioxide
4 kg/tonne of concentrated
(100%) acid produced
Carbon monoxide
Oil Refineries
- Distillation
(atmospheric+vacuum)
Sulphur dioxide
- Catalytic cracker
-do-
-do-
Total fluoride
-do-do-do-do-
Particulate Matter
2 kg/hr
-do-
7. Aluminium plants:
(i) Anode bake oven
(ii) Pot room
(a) VSS
(b) HSS
(c) PBSW
(d) PBCW
8. Glass industry
(a) Furnace capacity
(i) Up to the product draw
capacity of 60 tonne/day
(ii) Product draw capacity
more than 60 tonne/day
60
A. Noise limits for automobiles (from at 7.5 metre in dB(A) at the manufacturing stage)
(a) Motorcycle, scooters & three wheelers
80
82
85
89
91
68
60
(c) Refrigerators
46
85-90
75
61
ANNEXURE-I
(For the purpose of Parts-A, B and C)
The state boards shall fallow the following guidelines in enforcing the standards
specified under Schedule IV.
1.
The wastewater and gases are to be treated with the best available technology
(BAT) in order to achieve the prescribed standards.
2.
The industries need to be encouraged for recycling and reuse of waste materials
as far as practicable in order to minimise the discharge of wastes into the
environment.
3.
The industries are to be encouraged for recovery of biogas, energy and reusable
materials.
4.
While permitting the discharge of effluents and emissions into the environment,
State Boards have to taken into account the assimilative capacities of the
receiving bodies, especially water bodies so that quality of the intended use of
the receiving waters is not affected. Where such quality is likely to be affected,
discharges should not be allowed into water bodies.
5.
The central and state boards shall put emphasis on the implementation of clean
technologies by the industries in order to increase fuel efficiency and reduce the
generation of environmental pollutants.
6.
All efforts should be made to remove colour and unpleasant odour as far as
practicable.
7.
The standards mentioned in this Schedule shall also apply to all other effluents
discharged such as mining, and mineral processing activities and sewage.
8.
The limit given for the total concentration of mercury in the final effluent of caustic
soda industry, is for the combined effluent from (a) cell house; (b) brine plant; (c)
chlorine handling; (d) hydrogen handling; and (e) hydrochloric acid plant.
9.
All effluents discharged including from the industries such as cotton textile,
composite woollen mills, synthetic rubber, small pulp & paper, natural rubber,
petro-chemicals, tanneries, paint, dyes, slaughter houses, food & fruit processing
and dairy industries into surface waters shall conform to the BOD limit specified
above, namely, 30 mg/f. For discharge of an effluent having a BOD more than 30
mg/;, the standards shall conform to those given above for other receiving
bodies, namely, sewers, coastal waters and land for irrigation.
10.
Bio-assay shall be made compulsory for all the industries, where toxic and
non-biodegradable chemicals are involved.
62
11.
In case of fertilizer industry, the limits in respect of chromium and fluoride shall be
complied with at the outlet of chromium and fluoride removal units respectively.
12.
In case of pesticides.
(a)
The limits should be complied with at the end of the treatment plant before
dilution.
(b)
Bio-assay test should be carried out with the available species of fish in
the receiving water, the COD limits to be specified in the consent
conditions should be correlated with the BOD limits.
(c)
In case metabolites and isomers of the pesticides in the given list are
found in significant concentrations, standards should be prescribed for
these also in the same concentration as the individual pesticides.
(d)
13.
14.
63
ANNEXURE-II
(For the purpose of Part D)
1.
The States Boards shall fallow the following guidelines enforcing the standards
specified under Schedule-VI.
(a)
In case of cement plants, the total dust (from all sections) shall be within
400 mg/Nm 3 and 250 mg/Nm 3 for the plants upto 200 tpd and more than
200 tpd capacities respectively.
(b)
(c)
(d)
In Case of Lime Kilns of capacity more than 5 tpd and 40 tpd, the
particulate matter emission shall be within 500 mg/Nm 3
.
(e)
(f)
(g)
In case of the urea plants commissioned after 1.1.1982, coke ovens and
lead glass units, the particulate matter emission shall be within 50
mg/Nm 3
(h)
(i)
In case of integrated iron & steel plants, particulate matter emission upto
400 mg/Nm 3 shall be allowed during oxygen lancing.
(j)
64
These units must also adopt the following pollution control measures:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(k)
2.
The total fluoride emissions in respect of glass and phosphatic fertilizers shall not
exceed 5 mg/Nm 3 and 25 mg/Nm 3 respectively.
3.
In case of copper, lead and zinc smelting, the off -gases may as far as pos ibe
be utilized for manufacturing sulphuric acid.
4.
In case of cupolas (foundries) having capacity (melting rate) less than 3 tonne
hour, the particulate matter emissions shall be within 450 mg/Nm 3 in these
cases it is essential that stack is constructed over the cupolas beyond the
charging door and the emissions are directed through the stack, which should be
at least six times the diameter of cupola. In respect of arc furnaces and induction
furnaces. Provision has to be made collecting the fumes before discharging the
emissions through the stack.
.
Source
[GSR 801 (E), EPA, 1986, dated Dec. 31, 1993]
65
Sodalime & borosillicate glass and other special glass (other than Lead
glass)
Parameter
Emission limit
a) Furance Capacity
Particulate matter
Particulate matter
All capacities
Sulphur dioxide
2.0 kg/hr
Total fluorides
NO,
0.8 kg/tonne of
product drawn
minimum stack
height (H in mt) = 14Q 0.3
where 0 is SO2 emission rate in
kg/hour.
5.0 mg/Nm 3
use of low NO,
burners in new plants.
b) Implementation of the following measures for fugitive emission control from other
sections
Raw materials should be transported in leak proof containers.
i
Cullet preparation should be dust free using water spraying.
ii.
Batch preparation section should be covered.
iii.
B.
Lead Glass
a) Furance
All capacities
50 mg/Nm 3
20 mg/Nm 3
(dust emission from furance feeding "dog house" should be connected to control
equipments and meet above standards)
b) Implementation of the following measures for the fugitive emission control
from other sections
(i) Batch mixing, proportioning section and transfer points should be covered and it
should be connected to control equipments to meet following standards:
Particulate matter
50 mg/Nm 3
Lead
20 mg/Nm 3
66
C.
Parameter
Standards
Particulate matter
1200 mg/Nm 3
Note: Depending upon local environmental conditions, the State/Central Pollution Control Board can
prescribe more stringent standards than those prescribed above.
Parameter
pH
6.5 to 8.5
100 mg/I
10 mg/I
All incinerators shall meet the following operating and emission standards:
A. Operating Standards
1.
2.
C.E.
%CO2
------------------------ X 100
% CO2 + % CO
3.
4.
B.
Emission Standards
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Parameters
Concentration mg/Nm 3 at (12% CO2 correction)
Particulate matter
150
450
Nitrogen Oxides
HCI
50
Minimum stack height shall be 30 metres above ground
Volatile organic compounds in ash shall not be more than 0.01 %
Note:
*
Suitably designed pollution control devices should be installed/retrofitted with the
incinerator to achieve the above emission limits, if necessary.
*
Toxic metals in incineration ash shall be limited within the regulatory quantities as
defined under the Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling Rules), 1989.
Only low sulphur fuel like L.D.O./L.S.H.S./Diesel shall be used as fuel in the
incinerator.
The autoclave should be dedicated for the purposes of disinfecting and treating
bio-medical waste,
(I)
(II)
(Ill)
Medical waste shall not be considered properly treated unless the time,
temperature and pressure indicators indicate that the required time,
temperature and pressure were reached during the autoclave process. If
for any reasons, time temperature or pressure indicator indicates that the
required temperature, pressure or residence time was not reached, the
entire load of medical waste must be autoclaved again until the proper
temperature, pressure and residence time were achieved.
(IV)
(V)
Validation test
Spore testing:
The autoclave should completely and consistently kill the approved biological
indicator at the maximum design capacity of each autoclave unit. Biological
indicator for autoclave shall be Bacillus stearothermophilus spores using vials or
spore strips, with at least 1x10 4 spores per millilitre. Under no circumstances will
an autoclave have minimum operating parameters less than a residence time of
30 minutes, regardless of temperature and pressure, a temperature less than
121 C or a pressure less than 15 psi.
(VI)
Routine Test
A chemical indicator strip/tape that changes colour when a certain
temperature is reached can be used to verify that a specific temperature
has been achieved. It may be necessary to use more than one strip over
the waste package at different location to ensure that the inner content of
the package has been adequately autoclaved.
The effluent generated from the hospital should conform to the following limits:
PARAMETERS
pH
Suspended solids
Oil and grease
BOD (3 days at 27 C
COD
Bio-assay test
PERMISSIBLE LIMITS
6.5-9.0
100 mg/I
10 mg/I
30 mg/I
250 mg/I
90% survival of fish after 96
hours in 100% effluent
69
These limits are applicable to those hospitals which are either connected with
sewers without terminal sewage treatment plant or not connected to public
sewers. For discharge into public sewers with terminal facilities, the general
standards as notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 shall be
applicable.
34.4 Standards of Microwaving
1.
2.
The microwave system shall comply with the efficacy test/routine tests and
a performance guarantee may be provided by the supplier before
operation of the unit.
3.
The microwave should completely and consistently kill the bacteria and
other pathogenic organisms that is ensured by approved biological
indicator at the maximum design capacity of each microwave unit.
Biological indicators for microwave shall be Bacillus subtillis spores using
vials or spore strips with at least 1x10 4 spores per millilitre.
1.
A pit or trench should be dug about 2 meters deep. It should be half filled
with waste, then covered with lime within 50 cm of the surface, before
filling the rest of the pit with soil.
2.
It must be ensured that animals do not have any access to burial sites.
Covers of galvanised iron/wire meshes may be used.
3.
4.
5.
The deep burial site should be relatively impermeable and no shallow well
should be close to the site.
6.
The pits should be distant from habitation, and sited so as to ensure that
no contamination occurs of any surface water or ground water. The area
should not be prone to flooding or erosion.
7.
The location of the deep burial site will be authorised by the prescribed
authority.
8.
The institution shall maintain a record of all pits for deep burial.
EPA, 1998
[Source: GSR 7 dated Dec. 22, 1998]
70
Source
Particulate Matter
Emission limit
C. Rolling mill
Carbon Monoxide
150 mg/Nm 3
A. Sintering plant
B. Steel making
I) during normal operation
ii) during oxygen lancing
150 mg/Nm 3
400 mg/Nm 3
D. Coke-oven
150 mg/Nm 3
3 kg/tonne of
coke produced
Source : EPA Notification
[S.O. 64(E), dt 18th Jan; 1988]
35.1 Integrated Iron & Steel Plant: Emission Standards
Source
Parameter
Particulate Matter
Particulate Matter
Concentration in mg/I
except pH (Not to exeed)
Parameter
1. Cokeoven by product plant
pH
Suspended solids
Phenol
Cyanide
BOD, 3 days at 27 C
COD
Ammonical Nitrogen
Oil & grease
6.0 to 8.5
100
1.0
0.2
30
250
50
10
pH
suspended solids
Oil & grease
6.0 to 9.0
100
10
Parameter
pH
Chromium as Cr
Hexavalent
Total
Manganese as Mn
Nickel as Ni
Copper as Cu
Zinc as Zn
Cadmium as Cd
Lead as Pb
Mercury as Hg
Cyanide as CN
Oil & grease
Suspended solids
6.O to 8.5
0.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
5.0
0.2
0.1
0.01
0.2
10.0
30.0
Source : EPA Notification
[G.S.R. 742 (E) dt., 30th Aug., 1990]
Parameter
pH
BOD at 27 C for 3 days
Total suspended solids
Oil & grease
5.5 TO 9.0
30
100
10
Note :
1. Water consumption from the Jute processing industries will be 1.5 cum!tonne of
product from January, 1992.
2. At present no limit for colour is given for liquid effluent howevor, as far as possible
colour should be removed.
3. Stack emissions from boiler house shall conform to the standards already prescribed
under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 vide Notification No. GSR 176(E),
02.04.1996.
Source : EPA Notification
[No. GSR 93(E), Feb. 21, 1991]
72
Pollutant
Emission limit
Upto 5 tpd
More than 5
tpd and Upto
40 tpd
-do-
500 mg/Nm 3
Above 40 tpd
-do-
150 mg/Nm 3
73
Parameter
Particulate
Matter
H2S
Concentration in mg/Nm 3
250**
10
This standard of 250 mg/m 3 (normal shall apply only for a period of 3 years with
effects from the date on which the Environmental (Protection) Second Amendment
Rules, 1989, came into force. After three years the standards to be applicable is
150 mg/m 3 (normal).
Source : EPA Notification
[G.S.R. 913(E), dt 24th Oct., 1989]
Suspended solids
BOD, 3 days at
27 C
pH
Chlorides
as (Cl)
Chromium
hexavalent
total
Sulphides (as S)
Sodium percent
Boron (as B)
Oil & grease
Inland
surface
water
Public
sewer
Land for
irrigation
Marine
coastal
areas
100
30
600
350
200
100
100
100
6.0 to 9.0
1000
6.0 to 9.0
1000
6.0 to 9.0
600
6.0 to 9.0
0.1
2.0
2.0
0.2
2.0
5.0
60
2.0
20
0.1
2.0
1.0
2.0
5.0
2.0
10
60
2.0
10
20
STANDARDS
Process
Parameter
Concentration not
to exceed, mg/I
(except for pH)
(i) Synthetic
Suspended solids
BOD, 3 days 27 C
pH
100
30
5.5 to 9.0
(ii) Semi-synthetic
pH
Suspended solids
BOD, 3 days at 27 C
Zinc (as Zn)
5.5 - 9.0
100
30
5
Parameter
Common
5.5 to 9.0
100
150
10
90% survival of fish after
96 hrs in 100% effluent
PH
Suspended solids
BOD, 3 days at 27 C
Oil & grease
Bio-assay test
Special
The special parameters are to be stipulated by the Central Board in case of Union
Territories and state boards in case of states depending upon the dye used in the
industry. Where the industry uses chrome dyes, sulphur dyes and/or phenolic
compounds in the dying/printing process, the limits of chromium of 2 mg/litre, sulphides
75
Parameter
Common
100
5.5 to 9.0
100
10
90% survival of fish after 96
hrs in 100% effluent
Suspended solids
PH
BOD, 3 days at 27 C
Oil & grease
Bio-assay
Special
Total chromium (as Cr)
Sulphide (as S)
Phenolic Compounds as (C6H5OH)
2
2
5
The special parameters are to be stipulated by the Central Board in case of Union
Territories and State Boards in case of States depending upon the dye used in the
industry. Where the industry uses chrome dyes, sulphur dyes and/or phenolic.
Where the quality requirement of the recipient system so warrants, the limit of BOD
should be lowered up to 30 according to the requirement by the state boards for the
States and the Central Board for the Union Territories.
A limit on sodium absorption ratio (SAR) of 26 should be imposed by the state boards
for the State and the Central Board for the Union Territories if the disposal of effluent is
to be made on land.
Source : EPA Notification
[S.O. 844 (E), dt., 19th Nov., 1986]
76
pH
Total
Kieldahl nitrogen
(as N)
Ammoniacal
nitrogen (as N)
BOD at 27 C for
3 days
COD
Oil & grease
Sulphide (as S)
TDS
SS
Quantum of waste
water generation
into inland
on land for
surface water
irrigation
----------------------------------------------------- --
(a)
(b)
-----------------------------------------------------(concentration in mg/I, except pH &
quantum of waste water generation)
into inland
on land for
surface water
irrigation
----------------------------------------------(a)
(b)
----------------------------------------------(concentration in mg/I, except pH
and quantum of waste water
generation)
6-8
6-8
6-8
6-8
200(100 *)
***
50
***
100 (50 *)
***
25
***
50
100
30
100
250
10
2
2100
100
5 lit/kg of
***
***
N P**
200
8 lit/kg of
250
10
10
2100
100
40 lit/kg of
product
processed
product
processed
product
processed
product
processed
20
***
20
20
N P**
200
40 lit/kg of
*
**
Emission limit
Oxides of nitrogen
Industrial area
75
70
Commercial area
65
55
Residential area
55
45
Silence zone
50
40
44.1 Noise Limits for Automobile (Free Field at one Metre in dB(A) at the
Manufacturing Stage) to be Achieved by the Year 1992
(a)
80
(b)
Passenger cars
82
(c)
85
(d)
89
(e)
91
78
(a)
68
(b)
Air coolers
60
(c)
Refrigerators
46
(d)
85 to 90
(d)
75
Parameter
Concentration not to
exceed, limit in mg/I
(except for pH)
10
Phenol
0.7
Sulphide
0.5
0.35
Bio-chemical oxygen
demand (3 days, 27 C)
15
10.5
Suspended solids
20
14
pH
6 to 8.5
Process
Emission limit
A:
Parameters
1.0 On-shore facilities
pH
Oil & grease
Suspended solids
BOD, 27 C for 3 days
5.5-9.0
10 mg/I
100 mg/I
30 mg/I
Note:
(i)
Parameter
Chromium, as Cr
Copper, as Cu
Cyanide, as CN
Fluoride, as F
Lead, as Pb
Mercury, as Hg
Nickel, as Ni
Zinc, as Zn
0.1
0.05
0.005
1.5
0.05
0.01
0.1
0.1
80
Oil and gas drilling and processing facilities, situated on land and away from
saline water sink, may opt either for disposal of treated water by onshore
disposal or by re- injection in abandoned well, which is allowed only below a
depth of 1000 m from the ground level. In case of re- injection in abondaned well
the effluent have to comply only with respect to suspended solids and oil &
grease at 100 mg/I and 10 mg/I, respectively. For on-shore disposal, the
permissible limits are given below:
S.
No.
Parameter
On-shore discharge
standards (Not to exceed)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
pH
Temperature
Suspended solids
Zinc
BOD at 27C for 3 days
COD
Chlorides
Sulphates
Total Dissolved Solids
% Sodium
Oil & grease
Phenolics
Cyanides
Flourides
Sulphides
Chromium (hexavalent)
Chromium (Total)
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
2.0
Off-shore facilities
For off-shore discharge off effluents, the oil content of the treated effluent without
dilution shall not exceed 40 mg/I for 95% of the observation and shall never
exceed 100 mg /i. Three 8-hourly grab samples are required to be collected daily
and the average value of soil and grease content of the three samples should
comply with these standards.
B.
5.5-9.0
40C
100 mg/I
2 mg/I
30 mg/I
100 mg/I
600 mg/I
1000 mg/I
2100 mg/
60 mg/I
10 mg/I
1.2 mg/I
0.2 mg/I
1.5 mg/I
2.0 mg/I
0.1 mg/I
1.0 mg/I
0.2 mg/I
0.1 mg/I
0.01 mg/I
3.0 mg!I
DG sets
DG sets at drill site as well as production station should conform with the norm
notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: (i.e. guidelines mentioned
under Sr. No. 22 of this document).
81
Elevated/ground flares
> Cold venting of gases never be resorted to and all the gaseous emissions are
to be flared.
> All flaring shall be done by elevated flares except where there is any effect on
crop production in adjoining areas due to glaring. In such cases, one should
adopt ground flaring.
In case of ground flare, to minimise effects of flaring, the flare pit at
GGS/OCS should be made of RCC surrounded by a permanent wall (made of
refractory brick) of minimum 5 m height, to reduce the radiation and glaring
effects in the adjoining areas.
> A green belt of 100 m width may be developed around the flare after the
refractory wall in case of ground flaring.
> If the ground flaring with provision of gree belt is not feasible, enclosed
ground flare system should be adopted, and should be designed with proper
enclosure height to meet the ground level concentration (GLC) requirement.
In case of elevated flaring, the minimum stack height shall be 30 m, Height of
the stack shall be such that the max. GLC never exceeds the prescribed
ambient air quality limit.
Burning of effluent in the pits should not be carried out at any stage.
C.
(a)
(b)
Parameter
Concentration not to
exceed units in mg/I
except pH
pH
BOD (3 days at 27 C)
Oil & grease
Bioassay
test
6.5-8.5
100
10
Minimum 90% survival
after 96 hours with
fish at 10% effluent
Nitrate (as N)
Arsenic
Chromium
hexavalent
total
Lead
Cyanide as CN
Zinc
Mercury
Copper
Nickel
Phenolics as C 6 H 5 OH
Sulphide
10
0.2
Compulsory
Additional Parameter
83
0.1
1.0
0.1
0.1
5.0
0.01
2.0
2.0
5.0
2.0
Note:
No limit for COD is prescribed but it should be monitored. If the COD in a treated
i.
effulent is persistently greater than 250 mg/I, such industrial units are required to
identify chemicals causing the same. In case these are found to be toxic as
defined in Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 in Part-I of Schedule-I, the State
Boards in such cases shall direct the industries to install tertiary treatment
system stipulating time limit. Otherwise, COD may not be stipulated. This may be
done on case-to-case basis.
ii.
iii.
The standards for boiler emissions will be applicable as per the existing emission
regulations.
iv.
Parameter
pH
Suspended solids
BOD at 27 C for 3 days
Phenolics as C6H5OH
Oil & grease
Bioassay test
6.0 to 8.5
100
50
1.0
10.0
90% survival of fish in 96 hours in
100% effluent
0.1
Lead as Pb
Chromium as Cr
hexavalent
total
Copper as Cu
Nickel as Ni
Zinc as Ni
Total heavy metals
0.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
5.0
7.0
(i)
Parameter
pH
BOD (3 days at 27 C)
Oil & grease
Suspended solids
Bioassay test
6.5-8.5
100
10
100
Minimum 90% survival of fish
after 96 hrs with 90% effluent
and 10% dilution water. Test
should be carried out as per
IS:6502- 1971
Compulsory
(ii) Additional
(a) Heavy Metal
Copper
Manganese
Zinc
Mercury
Tin
Any other like nickel
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.01
0.1
shall not exceed 5 times the
drinking water standards (BIS)
individually
(b) Organics
Phenol & Phenolic
compounds as C6H 5 OH
(c) Inorganics
Arsenic as As
Cyanide as CN
Nitrate as NO 3
Phosphate as P
(d) Specific pesticide
Benzene hexachloride
DDT
Dimethoate
Copper oxychloride
Ziram
2.4D
Paraquat
Propanil
Nitrofen
Other (below mentioned
pesticides individually)
1.0
0.2
0.2
50
5.0
(microgram/litre)
10
10
450
9,600
1,000
400
23,000
7,300
780
100
(Contd....)
85
(Contd....)
Concentration not to exceed,
mg/I (except pH)
Parameter
Other Pesticides
(i) Insecticides:
Aluminium phosphide
Dichlorovos
EDTC Mixer
Ethylene dibromide
Ethion
Fenitrothion
Lime-sulphur
Temephos
Lindane
Malathion
Methyl bromide
Nicotine sulphate
Oxydemeton methyl
Methyl parathion
Phosphamidon
Pyrethrum extract
Quinalphos
Monocrotophos
Carbaryl
Endosulfan
Fenvalerate
Phorate
(ii) Fungicides:
Aureofungin
Barium polysulphide
Cuprous oxide
Ferbam
Mancozeb
Manab
Nickel chloride
Streptocycline
Thiram
Zineb
Carbendzim
Tridemorph
(iii) Rodenticides:
Comafuryl
Wa rf arin
Zinc phosphide
(iv) Nematicides:
Metham N -sodium
(v) Weedicides:
Fluchloralin
Isoproturon
Butachlor
Anilphos
(vi) Weedicides:
Fluchloralin
Butachlor
Anilphos
(vi) Plant Growth Regulants:
Chloromequat chloride
Nemphalene acetic acid
(vii)Any other pesticide not specific above.
Note :
Limits should be complied with at the end of the treatment plant before any
(1)
dilution.
From the additional parameters specified in 49 (ii), only the relevant parameters
(2)
86
(4)
(i)
Solar evaporation pans shall be constructed in such a way that the bottom is
atleast one meter above the ground level.
(ii)
Solar evaporation pans shall be leak proof and of impervious construction and
designed as per IS:7290.
(iii)
The solar evaporation pans shall be designed on the basis of evaporation rate
matching to the output of wastewater.
(iv)
Oil & grease and floating organics shall be removed so that the rate of
evaporation is not affected.
(b)
(c)
(v)
During the rainy seasons, storm water shall not be allowed to mix with process
waste wand enter the pans. The wastewater shall in no case outflow from the
evaporation pans. Alternative arrangements shall be made to hold the
wastewater in proper impervious tanks and, if necessary, force evaporated.
(vi)
(vii)
The sludge, from the solar evaporation pans shall be incinerated or disposed as
per the guidelines for management and handling of hazardous waste, published
by the Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, after obtaining
authorization from the state pollution control board under the Hazardous Wastes
87
(viii)
The facility should be protected from flood and storm to prevent embankments
from erosion or any other damage which may render any portion inoperable.
(ix)
pH
Oil & grease
BOD (3 days at 27 C)
Total Suspended solids
Bioassay test
6.5 - 8.5
10
100
100
90% survival after 96 hours in 10%
Compulsory
Mercury
Arsenic
Chromium (Hexavalent)
Lead
Cyanide
Phenolics (C6H5OH)
Sulfides (as S)
Phosphate (as P)
0.01
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.0
2.0
5.0
Note:
The limit of BOD at 27 C for 3 days will be 30 mg/I if effluent is discharged
i)
directly to a fresh water body.
ii)
iii)
No limit for COD is prescribed, but it should be monitored. If the COD of the
treated effluent is greater than 250 mg/I, such industrial units are required to
identify chemicals causing the same. In case these are found to be toxic, as
defined in the Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 (Schedule I), the state boards
88
in such cases shall direct the industries to install tertiary treatment system within
the stipulated time limit. Otherwise COD may not be stipulated. This may be done
on a case-to-case basis.
Source: EPA Notification
[GSR 176(E) : April 2, 1996]
pH
BOD (3 days at 27 C)
Phenol**
Sulphide as S
COD
Cyanide as CNO.
Fluoride as F***
Total suspended solids
Chromium****
Hexavalent
Total
6.5 - 8.5
50
5
2
250
2
15
100
0.1
2.0
The state boards may prescribed the BOD value of 30 mg/I if the recipient
system so demands.
The limit for phenol shall be conformed at the outlet of effluent treatment of
phenol cumeme plant. However, at the final disposal point, the limit shall be less
than 1 mg/I.
***
The limit for fluoride shall be conformed at the outlet of fluoride removal unit.
However, at the disposal point fluoride concentration shall be lower than 5 mg/I.
**** The limits for total and hexavalent chromium shall be conformed at the outlet of
the chromate removal unit. This implies that in the final treated effluent, total and
hexavalent chromium shall be lower than prescribed herein.
EFFLUENT STANDARDS
Category
A. Slaughter House
a)
Above 70 TLWK
70 TLWK & Below
b)
100
-
10
-
30
30
50
50
10
10
B. Meat Processing
a)
b)
C)
Frozen meat
Raw meat from own
Slaughter house
Raw meat from other
sources
30
10
Note :
TLWK - Total live weight killed.
(i)
In case of disposal into municipal sewer where sewage is treated, the industries
(ii)
shall install screen and oil & grease separation units.
The industries having slaughter house alongwith meat processing units will be
(iii)
considered in meat processing category as far as standards are concerned.
*
Stack emissions from boiler house and DG set shall conform to the standards
prescribed under E(P) Act, 1986 vide notification No. GSR 176(E), dated
02.04.96 (i.e. mentioned under Sr. No. 7&22 of this publication respectively).
The standard shall be reviewed by 1992 and stringent standards shall be
prescribed with respect to BOD.
Source : EPA Notification
[GSR 93 (E), Feb. 21, 1991]
EFFLUENTS
Concentration not to exceed,
mg/I (except for pH and
sodium absorption ratio)
Mode o isposa
Parameter
pH
Suspended solids
BOD at 27 C, 3 days
100
30
Land
pH
Suspended solids
BOD, 3 days at 27 C
Sodium absorption ratio
5.5 to 9.0
100
100
26
to 9.0
53.1 Small Pulp & Paper Industry : Waste Water Discharge Standards*
CATEGORY
A:
B:
*
Agrobased
Waste Paper Based
The agrobased mill to be established from January 1992 will meet the standards
of 150 cum/tonne of paper produced.
The waste paper mills to be established from January, 1992 will meet the
standards of 50 cum/tonne of paper produced.
Source : EPA Notification
[GS R 93(E), Feb 21, 1991]
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mercury (Hg)
pH
Suspended solids
Biochemical oxygen demand (3 days at 27 C)
Temperature
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Sulphide (as S)
Phenolic compounds
(as C6H5OH)
Hexavalent chromium (as Cr)
Nickel (as Ni)
Cadmium (Cd)
Chloride (as CI)
Sulphate (as SO4)
Cyanide (asCN)
22. Ammoniacal nitgrogen (as N)
23. Lead (as Pb)
24. Total Metal
0.01
5.5-9.0
250
150
Shall not exceed 5 C above the
ambient temperature of the
receiving body
0.5
10
3.0
3.0
5.0
3.0
5.0
90% of test animals survival after
96 hrs with 1:8 dilution
2
5
0.1
3.0
2.0
1000
1000
0.2
50
0.1
10.0
91
Note:
The standards may be relaxed in cases where the wastewater from small scale
industrial units are collected and treated in a Terminal Treatment Plant. These
standards are laid down without prejudice to the Board varying or modifying them while
issuing consents pursuant to Section 25 and 26 of the Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974.
Source: CPCB Notification No. 1/2(71)/87 pIg.
dt 7th April, 1988, The Gazette of India, April 23, 1988.
55.0 STONE CRUSHING UNIT : STANDARDS FOR SUSPENDED
PARTICULATE MATTER
The standards consist of two parts:
i)
ii)
Parameter
3 days at 27 C
30 for disposal in surface waters
100 for disposal on land 30 for disposal
Suspended solids
in surface water
Emission limit
Sulphur dioxide
Acid mist
50 mg/Nm 3
Colour
pH
Bio-chemical oxygen demand
(27 C for 3 days)
Chemical oxygen demand
Oil & grease
Absent
5.5 to 9.0
50
250
10
Parameter
Marine
pH
Temperature
Oil & grease
Suspended solids (SS)
Ammonical nitrogen
Bio-assay (96 hours)
6.5-9
6.5-9 6.5-9
45C or less
45C or less
20 mg/I
20 mg/I
500 mg /I
200 mg/I
50 mg/I
50 mg/I
90% survival
90% survival
45C or less
10 mg/I
100 mg/I
30 mg/I
90% survival
Note: MINAS for disposal in brackish and inland surface water are without any dilution.
93
B:
Parameter
MINAS
(Inland Surface Water)
pH
Ammonical nitrogen, as N (mg/I)
Nitrate nitrogen, as N (mg/I)
Cyanide, as CN (mg/I)
Hexavalent chromium (mg/I)
Total chromium (mg/I)
Suspended solids, (mg/I)
Oil and grease (mg/I)
6.5 - 8.0
50
10
0.2
0.1
2.0
100
10
Note:- The standards are to be implemented by the industry in a time targetted schedule
by December, 1999. The progress on the time targetted implementation schedule
shall be periodically submitted by the industry to the State Pollution Control Board
and the Central Pollution Control Board.
Source : EPA Notification
(GSR No. 176(E), April 2, 1996) and
(GSR No. 57(E), Feb. 4, 1997)
(GSR 682(E), Oct. 5, 1999)
pH
BOD at 27 C for 3 days*
Suspended solids*
Wastewater discharge
*Note: The prescribed limits for BOD and suspended solids shall be made more
stringent or less stringent depending upon the local requirements as mentioned
below.
(i)
BOD shall be made stringent upto 30 mg/I if the recipient fresh water body is a
source for drinking water supply.
BOD shall be allowed upto 350 mg/I for applying on land, provided the land is
(ii)
designed and operated as a secondary treatment system with the requisite
monitoring facilities. The drainage water from the land after secondary treatment
has to satisfy a limit of 30 mg/I of BOD and 10 mg/I of nitrate expressed s 'N'.
The pet addition to ground waste quality should not be more than 3 mg/I of BOD
and 10 mg/I of nitrate expressed as 'N'.
(iii)
BOD shall be allowed 350 mg/I for discharge into a town sewer, if such sewer
leads to a biological secondary treatment system.
94
(iv)
(v)
Suspended solids shall be allowed upto 450 mg/I for discharge into town sewer, if
such sewer leads to a biological secondary treatment system.
In the event of bulking of sludge, the industry shall immediately appriase the
respective State Pollution Control Board.
Source : EPA Notification
[GSR 176(E), April 2, 1996]
Emission limit
Particulate matter
(Corrected to 6% CO2)
350 mg/Nm 3
Note: Wet scrubbing system alongwith by-product recovery system shall be provided.
Guidelines for Emission Control to Improve Work Zone Environment.
(a)
Water used for quenching and wet scrubbing shall be recirculated and
reused through catch-pits.
(b)
Unloading of coal trucks should be carried out with proper care avoiding
dropping of the materials from height. It is advisable to moist the material
by sprinkling water while unloading.
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Parameter
Concentration limit
not exceed, mg/I
(except pH)
pH
SS
Chromium concentration
after treatment in the
chrome waste water stream
6.5 to 9.0
Chrome tanneries/combined
chrome & vegetable tanneries
Vegetable tanneries
pH
SS
6.5 to 9.0
Note: The above standards will apply to those tannery units which have made full
contribution to a Common Effluent Treatment (CETP) comprising secondary
treatment. Those who have not contributed will be governed by earlier
Notification No. S.O. 64 (E) dated January 18, 1988.
Source : EPA Notification
[G.S.R 742(E) dt. 30th Aug; 1990]
62.1 Tanneries : Effluent Standards
Parameter
pH
*BOD (at 27 C, 3 days)
Suspended solids
Sulphides (as S)
Total chromium (as Cr)
Oil and grease
Wastewater generation
*
Concentration
in mg/I,
except pH
6.5-9.0
100
100
1
2
10
28 m 3/tonne
For effluent discharged into inland surfacer waters BOD limit shall be made
stricter to 30 mg/I by the concerned State Pollution Control Board.
Source : EPA Notification
[G.S.R. 415(E), 5th May 1992]
96
Parameter
Concentration not
to exceed, mg/I
(except for pH & Temp.)
Condenser Cooling
Water (once through
cooling system)
pH
Temperature*
6.5 to 8.5
Not more than 5C higher
than the intake
0.5
Boiler Blowdown
Free available
Chlorine
Suspended solids
Oil & grease
Copper (Total)
Iron (Total)
Free available
Chlorine
Zinc
Chromium (Total)
Phosphate
Other corrosion
inhibiting materialon
Cooling Tower
Blowdown
As pond effluent
pH
Suspended solids
Oil & grease
100
20
1.0
1.0
0.5
1.0
0.2
5.0
Limit to be established on case
by case basis by Central Board in
case of Union Territories and
State Boards in case of States
6.5 to 8.5
100
20
* Limit has been revised, please see new limit at Sr. No. 66C of the document
Source : EPA Notification
[S.O. 844(E), dt 19th Nov; 1996)
Thermal Power Plant: Emission Standards
Generation Capacity
Pollutant
Emission limit
Particulate matter
-do-
150 mg/Nm 3
350 mg/Nm 3
Depending upon the requirement of local situation, such as protected area, the
State Pollution Control Boards and other implementing agencies under the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, may prescribe a limit of 150 mg/Nm3,
irrespective of generation capacity of the plant.
Source : EPA Notification
[S.O. 8(E), dt 3rd Jan; 1983]
Generation Capacity
275
220
(b)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(ii)
98
(iii)
Parameter
pH
Temperature
Free available chlorine
Suspended solids
Oil & grease
Copper (total)
Iron (total)
Zinc
Chromium (total)
Phosphate
6.5-8.5
As applicable for other thermal power plants
0.5
100.0
20.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.2
5.0
Source : EPA Notification
[GSR 7, dt. Dec. 22, 1998]
New thermal power plants, which will be using water from rivers/lakes/reservoirs,
shall install cooling towers irrespective of location and capacity. Thermal power
plants which will use sea water for cooling purposes, the condition below will
apply.
B.
The thermal power plants using sea water should adopt suitable system to
reduce water temperature at the final discharge point so that the resultant rise in
the temperature of receiving water does not exceed 7 C over and above the
ambient temperature of the receiving water bodies.
C.
1.
The discharge point shall preferably by located at the bottom of the water
body at mid-stream for proper dispersion of thermal discharge.
2.
In case of discharge of cooling water into sea, proper marine outfall shall
99
MARINE OUTFALLS
In a coastal segment marine water is subjected to several types of uses.
Depending of the types of uses and activities, water quality criteria have been
specified to determine its suitability for a particular purpose. Among the various
types of uses there is one use that demands highest level of water quality/purity
and that is termed a "designed best use" in that stretch of the coastal segment.
Based on this, primary water quality criteria have been specified for following five
designated best uses:Class
SW-I (see Table 1.1)
The standards along with rationale/remarks for various parameters, for different
designated best uses, are given in Table 1.1 to 1.5.
Table 1.1 Primary Water Quality Criteria For Class SW-I Waters
(For Salt pans, Shell fishing, Mariculture and Ecologically Sensitive Zone)
S. Parameter
Standards
Rationale/Remarks
6.5-8.5
range,
broad
General
conducive for propogation of
aquatic lives, is given. Value
largely dependant upon
soil-water interaction.
No.
1.
pH range
(Contd....)
100
(Contd....)
2.
Dissolved Oxygen
3.
No noticeable colour or
offensive odour.
4.
Floating Matters
Nothing obnoxious or
detrimental for use
purpose.
5.
Suspended Solids
6.
0.1 mg/I
7.
Heavy Metals:
Mercury (as Hg)
Lead (as Pb)
Cadmium (as Cd)
0.01 mg/I
0.01 mg/I
0.01 mg/I
Note : SW-1 is desirable to be safe and relatively free from hazardous chemicals like
pesticides, heavy metals and radionuclide concentrations. Their combined
(synergestic or antagonistic) effects on health and aquatic lives are not yet
clearly known. These chemicals undergo bio-accumulation, magnification and
transfer to human and other animals through food chain. In areas where
fisheries, salt pans are the governing considerations, and presence of such
chemicals apprehended/reported, bioassay test should be performed following
appropriate methods for the purpose of setting case-specific limits.
101
Table 1.2 Primary Water Quality Criteria for Class SW-II Waters
S. Parameter
Standards
Rationale/Remarks
No.
1. pH range
2.
Dissolved Oxygen
6.5-8.5
4.0 mg/I or 50
percent saturation
value whichever is
higher.
3.
No noticeable colour
or offensive odour.
4.
Floating Matters
Nothing obnoxious or
detrimental for use
purpose.
5.
Turbidity
bidity Unit)
100/100 ml (MPN)
6.
Fecal Coliform
7.
102
Table 1.3 Primary Water Quality Criteria for Class SW-111 Waters
[For Industrial cooling, Recreation (non-contact) and Aesthetics]
S. Parameter
No.
1.
pH range
Standards
Rationale/Remarks
6.5-8.5
2. Dissolved Oxygen
4.
Floating Matters
5.
Fecal Coliform
500/100 ml (MPN)
6.
Turbidity
30 NTU
103
Table 1.4 Primary Water Quality Criteria for Class SW-IV Waters
Standards
Rationale/Remarks
No.
1.
pH range
6.5-9.0
2.
Dissolved Oxygen
3.0 mg/I or 40
Considering bio-degradation
of oil and inhibition to
oxygen production through
photosynthesis.
percent saturation
value whichever is
higher
3.
No visible-colour
or offensive odour.
4.
Floating materials
Oil, grease and scum
(including Petroleum
products)
10 mg/I
5.
Fecal Coliform
500/100 ml (PAN)
6.
Table 1.5 Primary Water Quality Criteria for Class SW-V Waters
Standards
Rationale/Remarks
6.0-9.0
No.
1.
pH range
2.
(Contd....)
104
(Contd....)
3. Colour and Odour None is such concentration As in (1) above
Sludge deposits,
Solid refuse
floating oil,
grease & scum.
5.
Fecal Coliform
500/100 ml (MPN)
a.
Existing Plants
Estimation of Uncontrolled Emission Quantity (EQ) of CS2
For VSF,
EQ = 125 kg of CS2/t of fibre
For VFY,
EQ = 225 kg of CS2/t of fibre
where
Vs
D
u
Remarks
A minimum of 80% of total emission shall pass through
stack. If the calculated stack height is less than 30 m,
a minimum of height 30 m shall be provided.
= CS2 emission rate, kg/hr
= stack exit velocity, m/sec.
= diameter of stack, m
= annual average wind speed at top of stack, m /sec.
Multiple Stacks
1.
If there are more than one stack existing in the plant, the required height of all
stacks shall be based on the maximum emission rate in any of the stacks. In
105
other words, all the stacks carrying CS2 emission shall be of same heights
(based on the maximum emission rate).
2.
Number of stacks shall not be increased from the existing number. However, the
number of stacks may be reduced. The existing stacks may be rebuilt and if
stacks are to be relocated, condition 3 below applies.
3.
Spacing among the stacks (x) at the minimum shall be 3.0 H (in m). If distance,
x, between two stacks is less than 3.0 H (in m), emission shall be considered as
single point source and height of both the stacks shall be calculated considering
all emission is going through one stack.
b.
The industry shall install three air quality monitoring stations for CS2 and H2S
measurements in consultation with the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) to
ensure attainment of WHO recommended ambient air quality norms (CS2 = 100
1g/m 3 and H2S = 150 1g/m 3 , 24-hr average).
c.
The total sound power level, Lw, of a DG set should be less than 94+10 log10
(KVA), dB(A), at the manufacturing stage, where, KVA is the nominal power
rating of a DG set.
This level should fall by 5 dB(A) every five years, till 2007, i.e. in 2002 and then in
2007.
(B)
06
The user should make efforts to bring down the noise levels due to the DG
set; outside his premises, within the ambient noise requirements by proper
siting and control measures.
06
06
The total sound power level of a DG set, at the user's end, shall be within
2 dB(A) of the total sound power level of the DG set, at the manufacturing
stage, as prescribed under (A).
06
06
DELHI
Coal with low sulphur (S-0.4 %)
Fuel oil/LDO/LSHS/with low sulphur (S-1.8 %)
Motor gasoline (as per specifications given in the notification GSR 176(E), April
2, 1996 under EPA, 1986, See. at Sr. No. 23.b.
Diesel (as per specifications given in the notification GSR 176(E) April 2, 1996
107
Class
Displacement
(cc)
1
2
3
4
<65
>65<_99
>99<_225
>225
B.
HC + NOx (g/kw-hr)
CO (g/kw-hr)
2-stroke
engine
4-stroke
engine
2-stroke
engine
4-stroke
engine
603
-
623
623
623
623
166
-
65
36
19.3
16.1
-
-
-
-
Class
Displacement (cc)
CO (g/kw-hr)
HC + NOx (g/kw-hr)
1
2
3
4
<65
>65<99
>99<225
>225
519
519
519
519
54
30
16.1
13.4
C.
D.
Following organisations are recommended for testing and certifying the gensets:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
B.
C.
(i)
(ii)
The broad requirements for measurement of noise from fire- crackers shall be
(i)
(ii)
The measurements shall be made in free field conditions. That is, there
should not be any reflecting surfaces upto 15 m distance from the point of
bursting.
(iii)
Note : dB (Al)
dB (C) p k
:
:
109