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1. INTRODUCTION
Precision Agriculture (PA) can be define as a
process of managing crop production input such
as fertilizer, herbicide, insecticide, seed, etc. to
reduce waste, increase profits, and maintain the
quality of the environment using information
technology and electronics. It is an integrated
crop management system that attempts to match
the kind and amount of inputs with the actual
crop needs for small areas within a farm. [1].
Farmers usually are aware that their fields have
variable yields across the landscape. These
variations can be traced to management
practices, soil properties and environmental
characteristics. Soil properties that affect yields
include texture, structure, moisture, organic
matter, nutrient status and environmental
characteristics include weather, weeds, insects
and diseases technologies for precision farming
[2].
The vast array of tools for PA includes
hardware, software and the best management
practices. The most used techniques in precision
agriculture are Global Positioning System (GPS)
receivers, yield monitoring, grid soil sampling &
mapping, Variable rate fertilizer (VRT)
application, Remote Sensing(RS) and Crop
scouting
Research in precision agriculture has shown the
high degree of spatial and temporal variability in
primary nutrients content in the soil. Variability
in the soil properties can be sense by two
methods as on field sensing and remote
sensing[3]. In the remote sensing sensed data is
IJEERT
Example applications
Electrochemical
Soil
pH,
nitrate,
potassium
Soil texture (sand, silt,
clay), soil moisture
content
soil depth variability
cation
exchange
capacity
Electrical and
electromagnetic
www.ijeert.org
198
Mechanical
Soil
compaction,
compacted soil layers
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2. METHODOLOGY
In this section experimental setup and results of
UV spectroscopic methods are discussed.
2.1 Optical Method with UV Sensor
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2.3 Preparation of
Experimentation
Soil
Samples
and
Purple:
Red: Sample 0
Figure 4: wavelength Vs Abs for KCl
201
Red:
4. CONCLUSION
Paper gives review of sensor technology for
determination of primary nutrients in the soil.
Also results of UV spectroscopy for primary
nutrient determination are discussed in the
paper. Brief review of remote sensing and on
field sensing is also described in the paper.
It can be observed from the experiments that UV
spectrophotometer can sense the various Primary
nutrients in the soil. As the concentration of the
primary nutrients (N, P, K) varies the maximum
absorbance of soil sample also varies. Nitrogen
gives its peak absorbance at 240 nm wavelength.
Potassium gives its peak absorbance at 200 nm
wavelength and Phosphorous gives its peak
absorbance at 220 nm wavelength. Hence by
observing wavelength and absorbance primary
nutrients can be differentiated and concentration
of the primary nutrients can be determined
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
1. Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Narveer TanajiWadi, Shivaji Nagar,
Pune,
Maharashtra
For
giving
permission to collect various soil sampls
2. Maharashtra
,Kothrud ,
Institue of Pharmacy
Pune,Maharashtra for
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REFERENCES
[1] Kweon, E. Lund, and C. Maxton The
ultimate soil survey in one pass: soil
texture, organic matter, elevation, slope,
and
curvature
11th
International
Conference on Precision Agriculture,
Indianapolis 2012
[2] Jianhan Lin, Maohua Wang, Miao Zhang,
Yane Zhang, Li Chen Electrochemical
sensor
for
soil
nutrient
detection:opportunity and challenge Key
Laboratory
of
Modern
Precision
Agriculture System Integration, Ministry of
Education,Beijing, China, 100083 ,2011
[3] Yufeng GE1, J. Alex Thomasson, Ruixiu
Sui, Remote sensing of soil properties in
precision agriculture: A review Front.
Earth Science., 5(3): 229238 , 2011
[4] Bah, A., S.K. Balasundram, M.H.A. Husni
Sensor technologies for precision soil
nutrient management and monitoring
American Journal of Agricultural and
Biological Sciences 7 (1): 43-49, 2012
[5] Peter Scharf Managing nitrogen with crop
sensors: why and how University of
Missouri (greenseekar)
[6] Farml, Zhang Jun An Attempt in Precision
Agriculture Using Wireless Sensor
Network with Remote Sensing to Monitor
large area University of Electronic
Science and Technology of China,2011
[7] Bob Longhurst, Brian Nicholson Rapid
on farm estimating NPK content of
effulents for land applications High
techEnviro Solution,2010
[8] C.D. Christy, P. Drummond, E. Lund
Precision agriculture applications of ongo soil reflectance sensor (Greenseekar)
2009
[9] Joseph V. Sinfielda,, Daniel Fagermana
Evaluation of sensing technologies for onthe-go detection of macro-nutrients in
cultivated soils Computers and Electronics
in Agriculture 70 , 118,2010
[10] Aleix Parra a Sherlan G. Lemos b,c, Ana
Rita A. Nogueira b, Andr Torre-Neto d,
and Julian, Oliver Colicb Evaluation of
sensing technologies for
on-the-go
detection of macro-nutrients in cultivated
soils Computers and Electronics in
Agriculture Science Direct, 70,2010,2326,2002
AUTHORS BIOGRAPHY
Yogita Kulkarni has
completed her B. E from
P.V.P.I.T
at
Pune
University.
She
is
currently perusing her M.
E from MITCOE at Pune
university. Her Speculation is VLSI and
Embedded
203
Krishna K. Warhade
received the Bachelor of
Engineering in Electronics
in 1995 and Master of
Engineering
in
Instrumentation in 1999
both from Shri Guru
Govind Singhaji Institute
of Engineering and Technology, Nanded, and
Ph.D. in November 2010 from the Department
of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Bombay, India. He has 20 years of
experience in teaching and research. He is
currently working as a Professor in the
Department
of Electronics Engineering,
Maharashtra Institute of Technology College of
Engineering, Pune, India. His research interests
are in the area of signal processing, image
processing,
video
segmentation,
video
retrieval, wavelets, precision agriculture and
biomedical.
S. Bahekar received the
Bachelor Science in 1996,
Master of Engineering in
Organic Chemistry in 1998
both from Dr. BAMU
Maharashtra.
He
has
completed his Ph.D. in
November 2003. He has
done Post Doctoral at the National Chung Cheng
University, Chia-yi, Taiwan from Dec 2003 to
July 2007. He has 20 years of experience in
teaching, research and industry. He is currently
working as a Associate Professor at the
Maharashtra Institute of Technology College of
Engineering, Pune, India. His research area is
Organic Chemistry/ organic light emitting
devices/activity based drug synthesis.
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