Transitions Words and Phrases

Intervenant
Laurence Petoud
Executive Assistant
Formatrice en Entreprise
ECDL Expert
laurence.petoud@gmail.com
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n
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This support has been developed as part of my

revisions for exams First Certificate in English.
https://www.facebook.com/CambridgeExamsPreparation
http://fce-cae.blog4ever.com
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Table of Contents
Transition Words and Phrases................................................................................. 3
Important Synonyms - Popular words to use instead..........................................8
Synonyms & Antonyms for Descriptions.............................................................9
Antonyms for Negative Descriptive Words.......................................................12
Antonyms for Positive Descriptive Words.........................................................13
Synonyms for Descriptive Words.......................................................................14
Synonyms for famous Words............................................................................. 18
Synonyms related to Measurement...................................................................18
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Transition Words and Phrases

This structured list of commonly used English transition words approximately
200, can be considered as quasi complete. It can be used (by students and
teachers alike) to find the right expression. English transition words are
essential, since they not only connect ideas, but also can introduce a certain
shift, contrast or opposition, emphasis or agreement, purpose, result or
conclusion, etc. in the line of argument.
The transition words and phrases have been assigned only once to somewhat
artificial categories, although some words belong to more than one category.
There is some overlapping with preposition and postposition, but for the purpose
of clarity and completeness of this concise guide, I did not differentiate.
Agreement / Addition / Similarity
The transition words like also, in addition, and, likewise, add information,
reinforce ideas, and express agreement with preceding material.
in the first place
equally important
too
not only ... but also
by the same token
moreover
as a matter of fact
again
as well as
in like manner
to
together with
in addition
and
of course
coupled with
also
likewise
in the same fashion /

way
then
comparatively
equally
correspondingly
identically
similarly
uniquely
furthermore
like
additionally
first, second, third

in the light of
not to mention
to say nothing of
as
Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction

Transition phrases like but, rather and or, express that there is evidence to the
contrary or point out alternatives, and thus introduce a change the line of
reasoning (contrast).
although this may be
true
in contrast
different from
on the other hand
even so / though
on the contrary
be that as it may
at the same time
then again
in spite of
above all
of course ..., but

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in reality
albeit
conversely
after all
besides
otherwise
but
as much as
however
(and) still
even though
rather
unlike
although
nevertheless
or
instead
nonetheless
(and) yet
whereas
regardless
while
despite
notwithstanding
Cause / Condition / Purpose

These transitional phrases present specific conditions or intentions.
in the event that
seeing / being that
since
granted (that)
in view of
while
as / so long as
If
lest
on
(the)
(that)
... then
in case
unless
provided that
condition
for the purpose of

with this intention
with this in mind
in the hope that
given that
when
only / even if
whenever
so that
while
so as to
to the end that

for fear that
in order to
owing to
because of
inasmuch as
as
due to
Examples / Support / Emphasis

These transitional devices (like especially) are used to introduce examples as
support, to indicate importance or as an illustration so that an idea is cued to
the reader.
in other words
in this case
with attention to
to put it differently
for this reason
by all means
for one thing
to put it another way
as an illustration
that is to say
important to realize
first
thing
remember
another key point

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to
must be remembered
point often overlooked

most
compelling
to point out
evidence
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on the positive
negative side
with this in mind

notably
including
like
indeed
to be sure
certainly
namely
surely
chiefly
marked
truly
especially
in general
to repeat
specifically
in particular
to clarify
expressively
in detail
to explain
surprisingly
for example
to enumerate
frequently
for instance
such as
significantly
to demonstrate
in fact
to emphasize
Effect / Consequence / Result

Some of these transition words (thus, then, accordingly, consequently, therefore,
henceforth) are time words that are used to show that after a particular time
there was a consequence or an effect.
Note that for and because are placed before the cause/reason. The other devices
are placed before the consequences or effects.
as a result
under
circumstances
those
in that case
for this reason
in effect
for
therefore
thus
thereupon
because the
forthwith
then
accordingly
hence
henceforth
consequently
Conclusion / Summary / Restatement

These transition words and phrases conclude, summarize and / or restate
ideas, or indicate a final general statement. Also some words (like therefore)
from the Effect / Consequence category can be used to summarize.
as can be seen
in the long run
after all
generally speaking
given these points
in fact
in the final analysis
as has been noted
in summary
all things considered
in a word
in conclusion
as shown above
for the most part
in short
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in brief
overall
on the whole
in essence
ordinarily
in any event
to summarize
usually
in either case
on balance
by and large
all in all
altogether
to sum up
Obviously
Ultimately
Definitely
Time / Chronology / Sequence
These transitional words (like finally) have the function of limiting, restricting,
and defining time. They can be used either alone or as part of adverbial
expressions.
at the present time
first, second
from time to time
when
once
sooner or later
immediately
about
at the same time
quickly
next
up to the present time
finally
now
to begin with
after
in due time
later
as soon as
last
formerly
as long as
until
suddenly
in the meantime
till
shortly
in a moment
since
henceforth
without delay
then
whenever
in the first place
before
eventually
all of a sudden
hence
meanwhile
at this instant
since
further
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during
now that
in time
by the time
prior to
whenever
forthwith
straightaway
instantly
presently
until now
occasionally
Many transition words in the time category (consequently; first, second, third;
further; hence; henceforth; since; then, when; and whenever) have other uses.
Except for the numbers (first, second, third) and further they add a meaning of
time in expressing conditions, qualifications, or reasons. The numbers are also
used to add information or list examples. Further is also used to indicate
added space as well as added time.
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Space / Location / Place

These transition words are often used as part of adverbial expressions and have
the function to restrict, limit or qualify space. Quite a few of these are also found
in the Time category and can be used to describe spatial order or spatial
reference.
in the middle
next
wherever
to the left/right
where
around
in front of
from
between
on this side
over
before
in the distance
near
alongside
here and there
above
amid
in the foreground
below
among
in the background
down
in the center of
up
adjacent to
under
beside
opposite to
further
behind
here
beyond
there
nearby
beneath
across
Usage of Transition Words in Essays

Transition words and phrases are vital devices for essays, papers or other
literary compositions. They improve the connections and transitions between
sentences and paragraphs. They thus give the text a logical organization and
structure.
All English transition words and phrases (sometimes also called 'conjunctive
adverbs') do the same work as coordinating conjunctions: they connect two
words, phrases or clauses together and thus the text is easier to read and the
coherence is improved.
Usage: transition words are used with a special rule for punctuation: a
semicolon or a period is used after the first 'sentence', and a comma is almost
always used to set off the transition word from the second 'sentence'.
Example 1:
People use 43 muscles when they frown; however, they use only 28 muscles
when they smile.
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Example 2:
However, transition words can also be placed at the beginning of a new
paragraph or sentence - not only to indicate a step forward in the reasoning, but
also to relate the new material to the preceding thoughts.
Use a semicolon to connect sentences, only if the group of words on either side
of the semicolon is a complete sentence each (both must have a subject and a
verb, and could thus stand alone as a complete thought).
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IMPORTANT SYNONYMS - POPULAR WORDS TO USE INSTEAD

Common Synonyms sorted by Category
These lists also contain examples for the most common 100 words or so;
however, the intention is not to replace a thesaurus. Within the categories the
sorting is alphabetical. For the selection of the words the top 50 lists of the most
"common words in English" (provided by the makers of the Oxford English
Dictionary) were a preferred inspiration - mostly verbs and adjectives, only rarely
nouns
and
adverbs.
Also, these are not exact synonyms, consider them as grouped in semantic fields
- the reason being to provide a help for inspiration with these 50 examples of the
most common synonyms.
Definition
Different words which have the same meaning (or similar meaning) are called
synonyms. Words which have an opposite meaning are called antonyms.
Words that are synonyms are referred to as being synonymous, and the state of
being a synonym is called synonymy.
Exact Synonyms
According to one definition (attributed to Leibniz) two expressions are
synonymous if the substitution of one for the other does not change the "truth
value" of a sentence in which the substitution is made. This is a rather
mathematical definition. However, true synonyms are rare; most so called
synonyms have subtle differences in their meaning. Examples of true synonyms
are rare in any language, if they exist at all.
In practice, some words are called synonyms, just because they are used to
describe the same "fact" in different parts of the world. For example, autumn and
fall are synonyms, but the former is used in British English and the latter in
American English.
English is rich in synonyms because during the centuries it adopted a variety of
foreign languages - most notably French, German and Latin.
Now, what does this mean? If a word in a sentence is changed, usually the
meaning and perception of the sentence is also slightly altered - hopefully to
the point of being more precise in its description.
Popular Synonyms Lists (also Antonyms)
Often we are looking for another word, to express something we have in mind.
Existing online dictionaries can be used; however most of them are either slow,
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packed with advertisement, or not very helpful concerning their result lists. Here
are sites which I tested, and found acceptable:
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SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS FOR DESCRIPTIONS

A collection of important synonyms grouped in categories: for teachers, writers
and students of English alike.
Smart and Dumb
Synonyms for Smart

smart
alert
analytic
astute
brainy
bright
brilliant
canny
cerebral
clear-eyed
clear-sighted
clever
creative
cunning
deductive
deft
discerning
egg-headed
enlightened
exceptional
fast
genius
hard-boiled
hard-headed
heady
hyperintelligent
intelligent
imaginative
ingenious
inspired
intellectual
inventive
judicious
keen
keen-witted
knowing
logical
nimble
percipient
perspicacious
pointed
prehensile
profound
quick
quick-witted
resourceful
sagacious
sage
sapient
savvy
sharp
sharp-witted
shrewd
sophisticated
super-smart
syllogistic
ultra-smart
versed
wise
Synonyms for Dumb

dumb
brainless
careless
cloudy
colorless
doltish
dopey
drab
dull
dull-witted
humdrum
idiotic
ill-advised
ill-conceived
ill-considered
ill-founded
ill-judged
illogical
imbecilic
im-plausible
inane
lackluster
mindless
moronic
muddled
non-sensical
obtuse
pointless
senseless
short-sighted
silly
simple
simpleminded
slow
stodgy
stupid
trivial
un-inspired
un-intelligent
un-reasonable
un-thinking
witless
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Important | Irrelevant | Nothing
Synonyms for Important

important
central
considerable
constitutional
critical
elementary
eminent
especial
essential
foundational
fundamental
indispensable
inherent
intrinsic
main
necessary
needful
particular
primary
principal
required
requisite
significant
special
specific
substantial
underlying
valuable
vital
beside the point casual
idle
im-material
in-consequential in-considerable in-different
in-significant
in-substantial
in-valid
light
little
low-ranking
meaningless
minor
negligible
non-essential nugatory
of no account
of no
consequence
superficial
paltry
petty
picayune
second-rate
trifling
trivial
un-important
un-necessary
useless
worthless
Synonyms for Irrelevant

irrelevant
Synonyms for Nothing

nil
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null
nothing
zero
zilch
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Interesting | Boring
Synonyms for Interesting

interesting
absorbing
alluring
animating
appealing
arresting
attractive
beckoning
bewitching
bright
captivating
challenging
consuming
covetable
curious
enchanting
engaging
entertaining
enthralling
enticing
exciting
fascinating
fetching
inspiring
intriguing
inviting
involving
lively
mesmeric
moving
piquant
prepossessing
provocative
spellbinding
spirited
tantalizing
tempting
Synonyms for Boring

boring
arid
banal
bromidic
characterless
colorless
commonplace
drab
drag
drudging
flat
hackneyed
ho hum
humdrum
insipid
interminable
irksome
lame
lifeless
monotonous
moth-eaten
mundane
nothing
platitudinous
prosaic
repetitious
routine
shop-worn
spiritless
stale
stereotyped
stodgy
tame
tedious
threadbare
tiresome
tiring
trite
un-exciting
un-interesting
un-varied
vapid
wearisome
well-worn
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ANTONYMS FOR NEGATIVE DESCRIPTIVE WORDS

bad, corrupt, awful
Synonyms for Bad

bad
amiss
atrocious
coarse
contaminated
contemptible
corrupt
crappy
cruddy
crummy
defective
deficient
deplorable
depraved
disagreeable
dismal
dissatisfactory
evil
execrable
faulty
foul
ghastly
grungy
harmful
heinous
icky
improper
infamous
inferior
injurious
junky
lousy
nasty
nefarious
off poor quality putrid
rotten
scandalous
sinful
sinister
snide
spoiled
substandard
tainted
the pits
uncouth
wicked
Synonyms for Awful

awful
abominable
appalling
atrocious
baneful
blatant
crude
deleterious
despicable
destructive
detestable
detrimental
disastrous
disgusting
disturbing
dreadful
egregious
excessive
flagrant
frightening
glaring
gross
grotesque
gruesome
hideous
horrible
horrifying
hostile
injurious
jolty
monstrous
nauseous
noxious
obnoxious
odious
offensive
outlandish
outrageous
preposterous
put off
repellent
repulsive
rude
terrible
ugly
unreasonable
unwarranted
upsetting
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ANTONYMS FOR POSITIVE DESCRIPTIVE WORDS

good, suitable, complete
Synonyms for Good

good
A-1
accomplished
all set
A-one grade
best
certified
champion
choicest
crowning
distinct
excellent
exceptional
exemplary
exquisite
extraordinary
fine
finest
first
first-class
first-grade
first-rate
fit
foremost
great
greatest
high
high-quality
in-comparable in-valuable
magnificent
marvelous
matchless
meritorious
notable
noted
note-worthy
out-standing
peculiar
peerless
phenomenal
piked
premium
priceless
prime
pukka
ready
remarkable
second to none select
ship-shape
singular
sound
star
sterling
striking
superb
superior
superlative
supreme
tip-top
top-grade
top-notch
transcendent
unique
un-matched
un-precedented
un-usual
world-class
worthy
Synonyms for Complete

complete
accomplished
all-embracing
all-inclusive
broad
closed
comprehensive
concluded
done
ended
extensive
finished
fulfilled
full
overall
perfect
wide-ranging
far-ranging
terminated
thoroug
total
unabridged
uncut
whole
widespr
Synonyms for Exact

exact
correct
accurate
appropriate
approved
definite
faithful
just
literal
meticulous
particular
precise
proper
right
rigorous
specific
spot-on
standard
strict
thorough
true
truthful
Synonyms for Suitable

suitable
acceptable
adequate
appropriate
authentic
becoming
bona fide
coherent
compatible
consistent
consistent
constant
decent
decorous
desirable
favorable
fitting
founded
genuine
in agreement
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reliable
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satisfactory
seemly
steady
uniform
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SYNONYMS FOR DESCRIPTIVE WORDS

Certain, Really and Doubtful
Synonyms for Certain

certain
assured
clear
confident
of cours
definite
determined
distinct
inescapable
inevitab
by all means
obvious
positive
proved
right on
safebet
sure
unavoidable
undoubted
without
Synonyms for Really

really
actually
by all means
beyond doubt
categoric
certainly
de facto
definitely
easily
factually
for real
genuinely
honestly
indeed
indubitab
in fact
legitimately
literally
no ifs ands or buts nothing e
of course
positively
precisely
surely
undoubtedly
unquestionably
verily
very
truly
well
Synonyms for Questionable

q u e s t i o n a b l e ambivalent
arguable
debatable
doubtful
dubious
farfetched
improbable
inconclusive
indecisive
indefinite
irresolute
moot
noncommittal
on the fence
open
problematic
suspicious
uncertain
unconvinced
undecided
unproven
unresolved
unsure
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New and Old
Synonyms for New

new
contemporary
current
ingenious
fashionable
fresh
innovative
inventive
imaginative
inexperienced
late-model
latest
latter-day
modern
modern-day
naive
naif
newest
newfangled
novel
now
original
present
present-day
recent
timely
topical
trendy
uninitiated
untested
untried
up-to-date
up-to-theminute
young
Synonyms for Old

old
aged
ancient
antediluvian
antiquated
advanced in
years
antique
archaic
banal
bygone
dated
elder
elderly
extinct
faded
former
mature
medieval
moldy
musty
obsolescent
obsolete
old hat
old-fashioned
oldish
old-time
outdated
out-of-date
passe
past
prehistoric
previous
primitive
ragged
senescent
senior
stale
trite
unfashionable
used
venerable
veteran
vintage
washed-up
Easy and Difficult
Synonyms for Easy

easy
basic
breeze
child's play
cinch
direct
easy as pie
clear
comprehensible crystal clear
effortless
elementary
facile
light
limpid
little effort
lucid
manageable
manageable
mild
modest
perspicuous
piece of cake
plain
pushover
self-explanatory simple
simple as ABC
smooth
snap
straightforward transparent
unambiguous
uncomplicated
understandable
walkaway
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intelligible
walkover
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Synonyms for Difficult

difficult
abstract
abstruse
ambiguous
arduous
augean
backbreaking
bruising
brutal
burdensome
challenging
complex
complicated
convoluted
cruel
daunting
demanding
distressing
effortful
elusive
exacting
exhausting
formidable
frustrating
grievous
hard
harsh
heavy
Herculean
inhuman
insoluble
intensive
intimidating
intricate
involved
knotty
labored
laborious
merciless
mistakable
moiling
murderous
onerous
opaque
oppressive
overwhelming
painful
pick-and-shovel problematic
punishing
recondite
rigid
rigorous
rough
rugged
serious
severe
Sisyphean
spiny
stiff
strenuous
stressful
strict
stringent
stubborn
sweaty
tall
taxing
testing
thorny
ticklish
tight
toilsome
tough
tricky
troublesome
trying
uphill
wearisome
True and False :: Right and Wrong
Synonyms for True :: Right

true
accurate
actual
apt
correct
exact
factual
fair
faithful
founded
genuine
good
honest
just
lawful
legal
loyal
precise
proper
real
reliable
responsible
right
righteous
sincere
staunch
steadfast
steady
trusty
trustworthy
undoubted
upright
valid
warranted
Synonyms for False :: Wrong

wrong
afield
amiss
astray
awry
baseless
blemished
contrary to...
counterfeit
deceptive
defective
disloyal
erroneous
faithless
fake
deviating
from...
fallacious
false
faulty
feign
fraudulent
groundless
idle
irregular
misleading
mistaken
perfidious
questionable
recreant
spurious
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traitorous
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treacherous
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Strong and Weak
Synonyms for Strong

strong
determined
firm
forceful
fortified
hard
intense
iron like
noticeable
potent
powerful
resolute
robust
solid
stalwart
steady
stiff
stout
sturdy
substantial
tenacious
thick
tough
unyielding
vehement
vigorous
Synonyms for Weak

weak
anemic
assailable
brittle
crumbly
debilitated
decrepit
delicate
drained
droopy
effete
enervated
exhausted
fagged-out
faint
fatigue
feeble
flaccid
flimsy
fragile
frail
imperiled
infirm
languid
languishi
languorous
loose
makeshift
mild
puny
retiring
rickety
shaky
sluggish
supine
thin
tired
torpid
vincible
wavering
weary
wispy
wobbly
wonky
worn out
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SYNONYMS FOR FAMOUS WORDS

Big and Small
Synonyms for Big

big
colossal
ample
astronomical
broad
capacious
commodious
enormous
expansive
gargantuan
gigantic
grand
great
huge
immense
large
mammoth
mountainous
sizable
spacious
substantial
tremendous
vast
stupendous
Synonyms for Small

little
atomic
cramped
diminutive
dinky
exiguous
itsy-bitsy
limited
microscopic
miniature
minuscule
minute
petite
puny
slight
small
tiny
wee
undersized
SYNONYMS RELATED TO MEASUREMENT

Follow the link to consult the list Measurements - dimensions
Source:
http://www.smart-words.org/linking-words/transition-words.html
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Intervenant

This support has been developed as part of my

Transition Words and Phrases

not only ... but also

by the same token

in the same fashion /

first, second, third

Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction

on the other hand

at the same time

of course ..., but

Cause / Condition / Purpose

for the purpose of

to the end that

Examples / Support / Emphasis

for this reason

for one thing

to put it another way

another key point

point often overlooked

with this in mind

Effect / Consequence / Result

Conclusion / Summary / Restatement

in the long run

given these points

in the final analysis

as has been noted

all things considered

from time to time

at the same time

up to the present time

in the first place

Space / Location / Place

here and there

Usage of Transition Words in Essays

IMPORTANT SYNONYMS - POPULAR WORDS TO USE INSTEAD

SYNONYMS & ANTONYMS FOR DESCRIPTIONS

Synonyms for Smart

Synonyms for Dumb

Important | Irrelevant | Nothing

Synonyms for Important

beside the point casual

in-consequential in-considerable in-different

Synonyms for Irrelevant

Synonyms for Nothing

Synonyms for Interesting

Synonyms for Boring

ANTONYMS FOR NEGATIVE DESCRIPTIVE WORDS

Synonyms for Bad

off poor quality putrid

Synonyms for Awful

ANTONYMS FOR POSITIVE DESCRIPTIVE WORDS

Synonyms for Good

second to none select

Synonyms for Complete

Synonyms for Exact

Synonyms for Suitable

SYNONYMS FOR DESCRIPTIVE WORDS

Synonyms for Certain

Synonyms for Really

no ifs ands or buts nothing e

Synonyms for Questionable