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NEWSLETTER OF THE
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL BAR
APRIL 2010
From the pages of this newsletter I want to send you my cordial greetings and express my
happiness to work together with you from now on.
Eight years ago the International Criminal Bar was founded. It started as a passionate
project and today is a very important reality in the world of justice.
Some have been here since the beginning, like me, and others are on the way, and will
continue in the struggle not only that ICB continues functioning but to give it greater vitality.
I want to tell you that, as long as my presidency will last, I intend to enable an effective
communication between each other and between all of us with the Executive Committee
and the President. So, we are reprogramming the ICB website, which will contain a special
section in that all members will have access through a password and a username. We will
also be able to consult our ICB colleagues’ data as well. The communication will be more
fluid because of an interactive discussion area that is being created, in which you will be
able to access to a translator.
The website will be operative by the end of April; and the rest of what we are planning to do
will be ready before July. We have also started working on the members list updating; the
previous list was out of time preventing us to know the current situation and the data of
those who integrates ICB.
Another issue I am committing myself to realize, always, with your help, is to invigorate the
purpose for which International Criminal Bar was created.
We will bring our institution to geographical areas in which we are minimally represented,
though, of course, by valuable colleagues and will establish a definition for these areas and
give them the deserved attentions. We will be, in a real way, in Central and South America;
In Maghreb; the rest of Africa; in the Islamic countries, In Lebanon and the near and Middle
East and in Asia as well.
I cannot finish this letter without giving my gratitude to those who have preceded me in this
presidency: Elise Groulx, Jeroen Brower, Eberhard Kempf and our “last but not least”
president, Pascal Vanderveeren. Thank you to all of them and I guarantee that I will follow
their steps to get strong and full of enthusiasm to this moment.
Kindest regards,
Luis del Castillo Aragón
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2. Barcelona Bar Hosts ICB Annual Meeting; New representatives
on the ICB Governing Council and new ICB Executive Committee
elected.
The General Assembly of the International Criminal Bar met for its Annual Meeting at the
beautiful Centre d’Estudis Juridics I Formacio Especialitzada in Barcelona, Spain, on 12, 13
and 14 March 2010. The new ICB Executive Committee is now led by (pictured above from
left to right) President Luis De CASTILLO (Bar Association of Barcelona) and also includes:
Mohamed BEN EL MAHI (Bar of Morocco) (1er Vice President for Arab States) , John
Kalala KABAMBA (Bar of the Democratic Republic of Congo) (2ème Vice President for
African States) and Nithyanantham SIVANANTHAN (3ème vice prèsident individual
member, Malaysia) Jean FLAMME (Belgium), Laurent PETTITI (Paris Bar ), and (not
pictured) Virginia LINDSAY (Individual Member on the List of Counsel, Ireland) (Secretary
General and Managing Editor for ICB Newsletter).
The Annual Meeting began on Friday, 12 March, with the ICB participating in the Third
Meeting on International and Criminal Justice organised by the Barcelona and Catalunya
Bars. The day opened with a speech by the Honorable Montserrat Tura I Camafreita,
Consellera de Justicia de la Generalitat de Catalunya, followed by a few words from former
President of the International Criminal Bar, Elise GROULX. A panel of Presidents followed,
including Josep CANICIO QUEROL, President of the Catalunyan Bars Council, Pedro
YUFERA SALAS, Decano del Illustre Colegio deAbogados de Barcelona, Victoria ORTEGA
BENITO, Vice-President of the General Council of Spanish Advocacy, Ester CAPELLA
FERRE, Regidora de l’Ajuntament de Barcelona, Pascal VANDERVEEREN, President of
the Executive Committee of the International Criminal Bar, Luis del CASTILLO ARAGON,
in-coming President of the Executive Committee of the International Criminal Bar.
Presentations were also made by Joan MERELO-BARBERA, Jean FLAMME, Peter
ERLINDER and Xavier-Jean KEITA. Simultaneous roundtables were held in the afternoon
addressing the Crime of Aggression, victims in trials, the complementary nature of the ICC
and human rights in the legal space of the Union for the Mediterranean.
In the evening those attending were treated to a reception and tour in the elegant Library of
the College of Advocates of Barcelona. Illustrated manuscripts were produced for inspection
and the open stacks revealed volumes of Don Quixote shelved among the law books.
The second day of meetings was held on Saturday. ICB members met in the morning and
an extended Executive Committee session was held in the afternoon. The work from the
previous day was presented before the need to reform the ICB Secretariat was discussed,
and the merits of having a Secretariat both with the Presidency and also in The Hague were
debated. Everyone applauded the excellent work of the Barcelona Bar in organising the
General Assembly.
On Sunday, the General Assembly and Elections were held. The financial report for the
previous year was approved and a vote was taken on the vacant Council seats. The results
were announced a short time after the close of voting and the new Council met to elect a
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new Executive Committee. Those newly elected to the governing Council are marked by an
asterisk (*)in the following full list of the ICB Council:
Europe
*Luis DE CASTILLO (Bar Association of Barcelona)
*Stefan KIRSCH (German Federal Bar)
Laurent PETTITI (Paris Bar (France))
Amanda PINTO QC (Bar of England and Wales)
*Jean Pierre JACQUES (Bar of Belgium)
Africa
Mohamed BEN EL MAHI (Bar of Morocco)
*John Kalala KABAMBA (Bar of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC))
*Chafiq DOUBLAHI (Bar of Morocco)
*Amar ALI (Bar of Morocco)
Asia
Clive GROSSMAN (Hong Kong Bar Association)
*Mikiko OTANI (Japanese Federation of Bar Associations)
Beom Su KIM (Korean Bar Association (South Korea))
*Raymond CHEDID (Lebanese Bar Association)
The Americas
Álvaro BURGOS (Costa Rican Bar Association)
*Giuseppe BATTISTA (Quebec Bar)
José Luis IZUNZA (Mexican Bar)
Thomas VILES (American Bar Association)
Individual Members:
Fabio Maria GALIANI (Italy)
Thokwane MOLOTO (South Africa)
Nithyanantham SIVANANTHAN (Malaysia)
*Jacques BAKAMBE SHESHA (DRC)
*Yasushi HIGASHIZAWA (Japan)
*David LEVY (France)
*Allison TURNER (Canada)
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Representatives of Associations of Counsel :
Steven KELLIHER (International Criminal Defence Attorneys Association)
Laurent PETTITI (Council of European Bar Associations)
Richard SEDILLOT (Conseil National de Barreaux)
Luis RIVERA-GONZALES (Inter-American Bar Association)
*Julie GOFFIN (Union Internationale des Avocats)
*Eberhard KEMPF (Deutscher Anwaltverein)
*William TRUDELL (Canadian Council of Criminal Defense Lawyers)
The Disciplinary Appeals Board consists of three judges and two representatives of
Counsel authorised to appear before the Court. Both Counsel representatives and an
alternate will be chosen in these elections.
All candidates are screened by the Registry to ensure they are persons with established
competence in professional ethics and legal matters, as required by the Code of Conduct.
Candidates should send their declarations of candidacy, along with their detailed curriculum
vitae and a statement describing in detail their particular competence in professional ethics
and legal matters, to: Counsel Support Section, International Criminal Court, Maanweg 174,
2516 AB, The Hague, Netherlands, marked
RE: Election to disciplinary bodies. Nominations must be received before 1 July 2010.
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4. LATEST LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS
THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO
Lubanga, allegedly a leader of the Union of Congolese Patriots, is charged with recruiting child
soldiers in the Ituri region of the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2002 and 2003. His trial, the
first at the International Criminal Court, began in January 2009.
The defense has presented more than 12 witnesses, and most of them have testified with
protective measures, such as face and voice distortion, as have most of the prosecution
witnesses. According to reporting by Wairagala Wakabi on www.lubangatrial.org, many of the
defense witnesses have testified about coaching by “intermediaries” used by the prosecution.
The first defense witness testified that his son, a prosecution witness, lied about being a child
soldier in the UPC. In fact, the witness stated, the child was at home with the father. On
February 8, 2010, a defense witness testified that ICC “intermediaries” gave him $200 to lie.
Another witness testified that the UPC did not recruit child soldiers.
On February 18, Judge Fulford announced a two-week recess to allow the defense to travel to
the Congo. When the trial resumed in March, a former prosecution witness identified as
“Witness 15” testified, and stated that he had been coached by an intermediary prior to
testifying for the prosecution, and that he had lied in his earlier testimony because he feared
being prosecuted. Contrary to his earlier testimony, Witness 15 stated that he had never been
a child soldier, and that representatives of the prosecution ignored his efforts to correct his
2005 witness statement. The prosecution in its questions asked Witness 15 why he waited four
years to correct his statement, and Witness 15 stated that he feared being put in prison. The
identity of the intermediary was not disclosed, although Judge Fulford ruled that the defense
was entitled to know the identity of some the intermediaries used by the prosecution. The
prosecution said it would appeal the ruling because of “grave consequences” if the identities of
intermediaries became known.
On 18 March 2010, the Trial Chamber issued its “Decision on judicial questioning.” No. ICC-
01/04-01/06. The defense had analyzed 133 questions posed by the judges to witnesses, and
concluded that 107 concerned sexual violence and girls in the armed forces, even though
Lubanga is not charged with sexual crimes. The defense argued that the judges’ questions
could violate their “obligation to show the utmost impartiality,” but did not allege actual bias.
The prosecution countered that the judges have the right to ask all necessary questions and
that the defense has no authority to challenge the judges’ questions. The victims’ legal
representatives also argued in support of the judges’ broad authority to question witnesses.
The Trial Chamber found that neither the Rome Statute nor national systems limit the role of
judges, and found that judges are entitled to ask any question “that it considers necessary for
the determination of the truth.” It concluded “the Chamber will continue to question witnesses
in the manner it deems appropriate.”
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On 11 March 2010, the Trial Chamber issued a decision regarding the right of victims’ legal
representatives to question witnesses. No. ICC-01/04-01/06. The Trial Chamber reaffirmed
that a victim must show that his or here personal interests are affected, and that this depends
on the particular circumstances of each case. However, the Court must ensure that “the
manner and the timing of the questioning is not prejudicial to, or inconsistent with, the rights of
the accused and a fair and impartial trial.” The Court further stated that if a previously
anonymous victim were to question a defense witness, then “it is likely” that the victim’s
anonymity would be lifted. The Trial Chamber also rejected the defense’s request to exclude
from the Courtroom those legal representatives of victims not allowed to question witnesses.
The Prosecution’s earlier requests to be allowed to impeach another of their witnesses with
leading questions following the defence’s cross examination of that witness was denied by
the Trial Chamber, who also denied leave to appeal the denial of the prosecution request.
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The Prosecutor filed a confidential request for leave to appeal on 15 March 2009. A public
redacted Defence Response was filed on 23 March 2009. It appears from the response
that the prosecution is urging a prima facie standard for confirmation of charges, where
prosecution evidence would be viewed in the light most favourable to the prosecution.
On 25 February 2010, the Bemba Defence filed an apparently confidential motion (in French)
challenging admissibility of the case against Mr. Bemba (ICC-01/05-01/08-704). The
mostion challenges admissibility of the case on the grounds of respecting the
complementarity between the work of the Court and of the authorities in the Central African
Republic, the lack of the requisite level of gravity, and an abuse of process in the case
against Mr Bemba.The Prosecutor’s Response was filed on 29 March 2010. The Trial
Chamber has given the CAR and DRC authorities until 19 April 2010 to submit any
responses.
Other activities in the case include the Bemba Defence team’s Observations on the Experts
Proposed by the Prosecution, arguing that sexual violence experts are irrelevant to the
charges against Mr. Bemba and seeking to force the prosecution to choose from the list of
authorised military experts created by the Registry, rather than hand-picking someone from
outside the list.
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The Bemba case in the news:
KENYA
PRE-TRIAL CHAMBER II GRANTS LEAVE TO OPEN PROSECUTOR’S
FIRST PROPRIO MOTU INVESTIGATION UNDER ARTICLE 15
On 31 March 2010, Pre-Trial Chamber II issued its 83-page Decision granting the
Prosecutor’s first ever request to open an investigation proprio motu. The Decision was
signed by only two of the three judges. The Decision is followed by an 80-page dissenting
opinion by Judge Hans-Peter Kaul wherein he states that “I fail to see the existence of an
'organization' behind the violent acts which may have established a policy to attack
the civilian population within the meaning of article 7(2)(a) of the Statute.” (para. 82)
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5. ASSEMBLY OF STATES PARTIES
UPDATE
From 22 to 25 March 2010, the Assembly of States Parties (ASP) met for a resumed 8 th
session. The main focus of the meetings was to finalize preparations for the first Review
Conference of the Rome Statute. The conference will be held in Kampala (Uganda) from 31
May to 11 June 2010.
Newsletter of the Assembly of States Parties (ASP), Special Edition, Version 3, January
2010. This newsletter includes articles on the 8 th Session which was held in November
2009 and covers the general debate, judicial elections and elections of the Board of
Directors of the Trust Fund for Victims, summaries of the resolutions adopted at the eight
ASP, as well as a number of interviews.
A draft provisional agenda for the Review Conference has been published on the Court’s
website. The government of Uganda has created a website which provides helpful
information for those attending the conference.
The proposals for amending the Rome Statute are limited to the following:
xviii) Employing asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases, and all analogous liquids,
materials or devices;
xix) Employing bullets which expand or flatten easily in the human body, such as bullets
with a hard envelope which does not entirely cover the core or is pierced with incisions.”
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6. NEWS IN BRIEF
[Please note that all translations are unofficial translations provided by the CICC Secretariat]
Obtain Justice for Victims of Sexual Violence Facing Justice Radio Programme (IWPR)
26 February 2010 (French, Swahili and Lingala).
The Role of the Judges in the DRC and at the ICC Facing Justice Radio Programme
(IWPR), 9 March 2010 (French, Swahili and Lingala).
First Person: Life as a Child Soldier by Erick Kenzo (IWPR) 12 March 2010. “If the Court
decides to prosecute Patassé at election time, his supporters may denounce the Court's
involvement as part of a political manoeuvre to discredit Patassé . . . .”
On Bosco Ntaganda
UN Mission by Alan Doss (The Guardian), 24 February 2010.
"Your report on conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) seems to assume that
when peacekeepers are invited into a troubled country, all shortcomings and responsibilities
for law and order default to the United Nations ('The Terminator' lives in luxury while
peacekeepers look on, 6 February). They do not.”
Governments remain responsible for their security forces, civilian protection and the integrity
of borders, natural resources and public institutions. We assist the DRC in many of these
areas, but we cannot impose our will on the government . . . .”
'The Terminator' Lives in Luxury While Peacekeepers Look On by David Smith (The
Guardian), 11 March 2010.
"[The] casual sportsman in this oasis of luxury amid the poverty of Goma, in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, is a man the United Nations would prefer did not exist at all.
Bosco Ntaganda is wanted by the international criminal court (ICC) in The Hague for
allegedly conscripting and sending into battle children under the age of 15. He is also
accused of commanding troops responsible for the massacres of ¬civilians, earning him the
nickname, The Terminator . . . .”
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Other DRC News
A 'Competent Army' Will Take Over from MONUC, Says DRC Official
Voice of America, 11 March 2010. "In the Democratic Republic of Congo, a cabinet minister
says the administration is forming a competent national army to take over after the United
Nations Peacekeeping Mission (MONUC) withdraws by the end of next year. Lambert Mende
says President Joseph Kabila's government is determined not to surrender the country's
sovereignty. ..."
US, UN Accuse DRC Forces of "Crimes Against Humanity" IRIN, 12 March 2010.
"Government troops - the FARDC - in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are to blame
for much of the epidemic of sexual violence in the east of the country, according to US and
UN reports detailing war crimes and possible crimes against humanity by various groups
there.”
The Mai Mai Militia Still Recruits Child Soldiers Radio Okapi, 12 March 2010 (French). A
report for the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers.
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7. ICC RELATED PUBLICATIONS
The latest issue of the CICC BULLETIN is now available. This issue provides updates on
current cases and situations before the ICC, regional updates, ratification and
implementation of the Rome Statute and APIC, as well as other relevant issues related to the
work of the Coalition and the Court. Translations in French and
The second issue of AL-MAHKAMAH, the CICC's Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
newsletter has been published. Al-Mahkamah is a bi-annual newsletter in Arabic and English
providing updates on ICC-related developments in the Middle East and North Africa with
analytical articles and interviews.
All CICC publications are available at: http://www.coalitionfortheicc.org/?mod=ourpublications
BOOKS
The International Criminal Court and Truth Commissions: Two Sides of the Same
Coin?, Yav Katshung Joseph, 19 December 2009. This book scrutinises the relationship
between the criminal justice system and non-punitive approaches and discusses future ways
in order to build a bridge across them.
Future Perspectives on International Criminal Justice, edited by Carsten Stahn,
Universiteit Leiden and Larissa van den Herik, Universiteit Leiden, T.M.C Asser Press,
January 2010 (ISBN-13: 9789067043090). This volume provides a perspective on individual
scholars and their impact on the development of International Criminal Justice, revisiting the
sources, treatment and reception of doctrine and jurisprudence from an inter-generational
perspective.
Genocide, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: A Digest of the Case Law of the
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Human Rights Watch, 15 January 2010.
The Princeton Process on the Crime of Aggression: Materials of the Special Working
Group on the Crime of Aggression, 2003-2009, Stefan Barriga, Wolfgang
Danspeckgruber, and Christian Wenaweser, Lynne Rienner Publishers. A compilation of
documents related to the "Princeton Process"-five rounds of intergovernmental negotiations
held by the UN's Special Working Group on the Crime of Aggression (SWGCA) at Princeton
University's Woodrow Wilson School in 2004-2009.
REPORTS
Centre for Criminological Research
Victim Reparation and the ICC, International Review of Victimology, Volume 19, n. 2, Centre
for Criminological Research. The International Review of Victimology has recently published
a special issue on Victim Reparation and the ICC.
Human Rights Watch
The Abusers Reaction: Intensifying Attacks on Human Rights Defenders, Organizations, and
Institutions, Human Rights Watch 2010. The 20th annual HRW World Report summarizes
human rights conditions in more than 90 countries and territories worldwide.
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Social Science Research Network
Position Paper on Issues Arising from the Palestinian Authority's Submission of a Declaration
to the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court under Article 12(3) of the Rome Statute,
by Michael Kearney and Stijn Denayer , Al-Haq, 14 December 2009. This paper argues that
whereas the existence or otherwise of a state of Palestine remains moot for the purposes of
international law and international relations, a compelling argument can be made that a
determination by the Court that Palestine is a state whicht can engage with the Court would
be valid and in line with the Court and the Statute's statutory requirements.
On Palestine:
Professor Alain Pellet, of the University of Paris-Nanterre, and former president of the
International Law Commission, has prepared a legal opinion supporting the view that
Palestine is a ‘state’ for the purposes of article 12(3) of the Rome Statute. As a result, he
concludes, Palestine’s declaration last January (see this blog) validly gives jurisdiction to the
International Criminal Court, and enables the Prosecutor to launch prosecutions relating to
war crimes committed in Gaza, in accordance with article 15 of the Statute.
Article 12(3) of the Statute allows a State that is not a State party to the Statute (i.e., a
member of the Court) to nevertheless give jurisdiction to the Court. It raises the question of
Palestine's status as a 'State' under international law. Professor Pellet argues that rather
than consider this question in an abstract and general sense, it should be narrowed. This
issue is whether or not Palestine is a State for the purposes of article 12(3), that is, for the
simple purpose of giving the Court jurisdiction over international crimes, rather than for all
purposes.
Professor Pellet invites people to add their names to his opinion, by communicating with
William Bourdon (w.bourdon@bvb-avocats.com). He asks that he be copied on any
correspondence (courriel@AlainPellet.fr).
8. UPCOMING EVENTS
19 to 23 April 2010 ASP: Committee on Budget and Finance holds its 14th
Session, ICC Headquarters, The Hague
31 May to 11 June 2010 ASP: Review Conference of the Rome Statute, Kampala
Uganda
23 to 31 August 2010 ASP: Committee on Budget and Finance holds its 15th
Session, ICC Headquarters, The Hague
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