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Vol. 21No. 3
J A N U A R Y , 1921
Whole N o . 123
FIFTEEN
CENTS A COPY
Problem
HAZEL.
THE
Postage e x t r a .
( M a r y White Ovington)
$1.00
H E A R T OF A W O M A N A N D O T H E R P O E M S .
( G e o r g i a Douglas
Johnson)
1.25
NORRIS W R I G H T C U N E Y .
THE
( M a u d Cuney H a r e )
L I F E A N D T I M E S OF B O O K E R T. W A S H I N G T O N .
A N A R R A T I V E OF T H E NEGRO.
SOULS OF B L A C K F O L K .
( L e i l a A m o s Pendleton)
C U R S E OF R A C E P R E J U D I C E .
HISTORY
THE
OF T H E NEGRO.
1.50
1.50
( C a r t e r G . Woodson)
. . . .
1.10
(James F . M o r t o n )
25
(B. G. Brawley)
NEGRO M I G R A N T I N PITTSBURGH.
GRANNY
1.50
(W. E . B . DuBois)
A C E N T U R Y OF N E G R O M I G R A T I O N .
THE
1.50
(B. F . Riley)
M A U M E E AND OTHER
2.00
(Abraham Epstein) . . .
P L A Y S FOR A NEGRO
.50
THEATRE.
(Ridgely Torrence)
H A L F A M A N . ( M a r y White Ovington)
AFTERMATH
OF SLAVERY.
M Y LIFE ANDWORK.
THE
(William Sinclair)
1.50
2.00
HAITIAN REVOLUTION.
1.75
(J. W . Cromwell)
PRINCE H A L L A N D H I S FOLLOWERS.
2.00
(George W . C r a w f o r d ) . .
1.00
( T . G. Steward)
NEGRO C U L T U R E I N W E S T A F R I C A .
THE
( B . G. Brawley)
(W. E . B . D U Bois)
NEGRO I N A M E R I C A N HISTORY.
T H E NEGRO.
1.50
( M a r y W h i t e Ovington)
JOHN BROWN.
THE
1.50
NEGRO I N LITERATURE A N D A R T .
T H E SHADOW.
1.75
1.20
1.50
(George W . E l l i s )
3.00
(W. E . B . D U Bois)
EDUCATION
OF T H E NEGRO
90
PRIOR
TO 1861.
(Carter G.
Woodson)
THE
2.00
NEGRO F A C E S A M E R I C A .
DARKWATER.
(Herbert J . Seligmann)
(W. E . B . DuBois)
1.75
;2.00
P O E M S OF P A U L L A U R E N C E D U N B A R
2.50
AFRO-AMERICAN FOLKSONGS.
2.00
B O O K E R T. W A S H I N G T O N .
Beecher Stowe)
Address:
( H . E . Krehbiel)
(Emmett
T H E CRISIS,
J . Scott
and L y m a n
2.00
THE
A
R E C O R D
CRISIS
OF
T H E
D A R K E R
R A C E S
PUBLISHED M O N T H L Y A N D C O P Y R I G H T E D B Y T H E N A T I O N A L ASSOCIATION
FOB T H E
A D V A N C E M E N T O F C O L O R E D P E O P L E , A T 70 F I F T H A V E N U E . N E W Y O R K - C I T Y .
COW
D U C T E D B Y W . E . B U B G H A R D T D U BOIS; JESSIE R E D M O N F A U S E T . L I T E R A R Y
EDITOR;
AUGUSTUS G R A N V I L L E DILL, BUSINESS MANAGER.
Vol. 21-No. 3
J A N U A R Y . 1921
W h o l e N o . 123
PICTURES
Page
COVER. "AFRICA."
From the Group on the New York Custom House
COLORED TEACHERS OF CAPE COLONY, SOUTH AFRICA
NEGRO LEGISLATORS
105
120-1
ARTICLES
E L E C T I O N D A Y IN F L O R I D A .
Walter F. White
M A R G A R E T G A R N E R . A True Romance. Lillie Buffurm Chace Wyman. . .
M A R C U S G A R V E Y . W . E . B. DuBois
106
110
112
DEPARTMENTS
OPINION
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR T H E A D V A N C E M E N T
PEOPLE
MEN OF T H E M O N T H
T H E LOOKING GLASS
THE OUTER POCKET
T H E HORIZON
THE FEBRUARY
D.
C a l e n d a r o f N e g r o A u t h o r s i * the
101
OF
COLORED
116
120-1
122
126
127
CRISIS
article on
the
business
revival
in
Washington
Now
ready.
the
R E N E W A L S :
s u b s c r i p t i o n is
SUBSCRIPTIONS
TWENTY-FIVE
CENTS
E X T R A
T h e d a t e o f e x p i r a t i o n of e a c h s u b s c r i p t i o n i s p r i n t e d o n
d u e , a b l u e r e n e w a l b l a n k is e n c l o s e d .
C H A N G E O F A D D R E S S : T h e address of a subscriber
In o r d e r i n g a c h a n g e o f a d d r e s s , b o t h the o l d a n d the n e w
n o t i c e is r e q u i r e d .
M A N U S C R I P T S and
p a n i e d by r e t u r n postage.
2,
1910,
at
wrapper.
When
c a n be c h a n g e d as o f t e n as d e s i r e d .
a d d r e s s m u s t be g i v e n . T w o w e e k s '
E n t e r e d as second c l a s s m a t t e r N o v e m b e r
Y o r k , u n d e r the A c t of M a r c h 3, 1879.
the
the
post
office
They
at
must
New
be
York,
accom
New
98
THE
National
CRISIS
ADVERTISER
Training
School
Grammar School
Academy
School of A r t s and
Sciences
Department of M a s k
T h e Department
President
James
E. Shepard,
Durham,
North Carolina
Lincoln University
Ranked in Class 1
a m o n g c o l l e g e s for c o l o r e d students
by the A m e r i c a n M e d i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n
FOR
COLORED
YOUTH
Address:
BORDENTOWN, N. J.
A high institution for the training of
colored youth. Excellent equipment,
thorough instruction, wholesome sur
roundings. Academic training for all
students.
Courses in carpentry, agriculture and
trades for boys, including auto re
pairing.
Courses in domestic science and do
mestic art for girls.
A new trades building, thoroughly
equipped.
New girls' dormitory thoroughly and
modernly equipped.
Terms reasonable.
Fall term opened September, 1920.
F o r information address
W. R. V A L E N T I N E ,
College a n d Theological S e m i n a r y
opened Sept. 21, 1920
Principal
Mention
President, J o h n B . Rendall, D . D .
Lincoln University,
Chester County, Pa.
For
and
Tuition
LESLIE
THE
$153.00
CRISIS.
FINCKNEY HILL,
C H E Y N E Y . PA.
Principal,
99
T H E CRISIS A D V E R T I S E R
MOREHOUSE
Atlanta University
Is beautifully located i n the City o f A t l a n t a ,
G a . T h e courses o f study include H i g h School,
N o r m a l School a n d College. Special emphasis
is l a i d u p o n the t r a i n i n g of teachers.
Students
come f r o m a l l parts o f the S o u t h .
Graduates
h a v e a fine r e c o r d f o r s u c c e s s f u l w o r k .
F o r further i n f o r m a t i o n address
President E d w a r d T . Ware
Atlanta. G a .
KNOXVILLE COLLEGE
COLLEGE
( F o r m e r l y A t l a n t a Baptist College)
A T L A N T A , GA.
College, Academy, Divinity School
A n institution famous within recent years
for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop
mentthe only institution i n the far South
devoted solely to the education of Negro
young men.
Graduates given high ranking by greatest
northern universities. Debating, Y . M . C . A . ,
athletics, a l l live features.
For i n f o r m a t i o n , address
J O H N H O P E , President.
Beautiful Situation.
Healthful Location.
Beat M o r a l and Spiritual Environment.
Splendid Intellectual Atmosphere.
Noted for Honest and Thorough Work.
FISK
UNIVERSITY
NASHVILLE, TENN.
Founded 1866
Good w a t e r , s t e a m h e a t , e l e c t r i c l i g h t s ,
natural drainage, splendid dormitories. E x
penses v e r y r e a s o n a b l e .
catalog-
a n d other
Information
address
PRESIDENT J , K E L L Y GIFFEN
Knoxville. T e n n .
GEORGIA
The
Florida
Agricultural
BIDDLE
UNIVERSITY
CHARLOTTE, N. C.
B i d d l e University operated under the auspices of
the Northern F - lbyteriao Church, baa four Depart
menuHigh School. Art* and Sciences Theological
The come let ion f s Grammar School
and Industrial.
course is the require men* for entrance u the first rear
of the High School
The School of A r m and Sciences offers two courses
of study, the Classical and the Scientific- i n the
scientific. German u substituted for Greek or Latin.
The entrance requirement for the Freshman Class Is
16 units of High School work.
The Theological Department offers two courses, each
consisting of three years
The first is purely English.
Greek and Hebrew are taught In the others.
A l l students i n the High School Dept. are required
u> take trades i n the Industrial Dept.
Fer further Information, address
President H . L. McCrerey.
Chsrlotts, N. C.
President
Tallahassee, Florida
S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y , Louisville, K y .
F o u n d e d 1879.
The only Institution i n the State having for Its objen
Collegiate. M i n i s t e r i a l , M e d i c a l , and Legal training for C o l
ored citizen* i n Kentucky.
Special training In Insurance, Social Service, Nursing and
Hospital Work.
N o r m a l . Commercial, Mode, Domestic Science, Miss 1 on ary
training clam
Evening classes,
correspondence course.
Degrees
offered.
President C . H . Parriah
Co-Educational
The
largest institution o f learning i n the South
o w n e d a n d c o n t r o l l e d b y Negroes. F a c u l t y o f special
i s t s , t r a i n e d i n s o m e o f t h e best u n i v e r s i t i e s i n t h e
N o r t h and i n the South.
N o t e d f o r h i g h s t a n d a r d of
scholarship;
industrial emphasis a n d positive Chris
tian
influence.
Well
equipped
dormitories;
sane
athletics
under faculty supervision.
Expenses
rea
sonable.
Location central a n d healthful.
Departments:
Theology, College, H i g h School, Nor
mal, Commercial, Musical, Domestic Science, Sewing,
Printing and Tailoring.
F i r s t Semester began September, 1920.
F o r further information address
J O H N H . L E W I S , President
BISHOP J . S. F L I P P E R , Chairman T r u . t e * Board
M e n t i o n THE CRISIS
THE
100
CRISIS A D V E R T I S E R
Talladega
Wiley University
Marshall,
Texas
College
Talladega, A l a b a m a
further i n f o r m a t i o n address
F . A . S U M N E R , President
W . D O G A N , President
MARY
McLEOD BETHUNE,
H A L E INFIRMARY A N D N U R S E TRAINING
S C H O O L , 325 Lake Street, Montgomery, Ala.
Principal
COLEMAN
O f f e r s to H i g h S c h o o l g r a d u a t e s a n d y o u n g
women of higher education
and good
moral
c h a r a c t e r , b e t w e e n the a g e s o f 18 a n d 3 5 , a
three y e a r s ' c o u r s e i n the p r o f e s s i o n of n u r s
ing.
F o r further
information
a p p l y to
the
Superintendent enclosing a stamp.
COLLEGE
GIBSLAND, L A .
Supported by B a p t i s t State W o m a n ' * H o m e
M i s s i o n S o c i e t y of C h i c a g o a n d B o s t o n a n d
A.
B . E . S o c i e t y of N e w
York.
Students
from
six
different
states.
Graduates
ex
e m p t e d on first g r a d e b y L o u i s i a n a , A r k a n s a s
and
Oklahoma.
O.
L. C O L E M A N ,
President
Academic
Teacher-Training
Superintendent of Nurses
L i n c o l n Hospital and H o m e
New Y o r k , N . Y .
JAS.
MARY'S SCHOOL
An
E p i s c o p a l b o a r d i n g s c h o o l f o r g i r l s , u n d e r the
d i r e c t i o n of the s i s t e r s of St. M a r y . A d d r e s s : T H E
SISTER-IN-CHARGE,
6138
Germantown
Avenue,
Philadelphia,
Pa.
Atlanta University
B . D U D L E Y , President
A . & T . College
Greensboro, N . C .
Sold Separately
Address
ATLANTA
UNIVERSITY
ATLANTA UNIVERSITY
Mention
THE
CRISIS.
11
CONFERENCE
ATLANTA
GA.
THE CRISIS
Vol. 21.
No. 3
J A N U A R Y , 1921
Opinion of W. E. B. DuBois
White
101
102
THE
CRISIS
OPINION
the acceptance of a colored boy w o u l d mean
the e x c l u s i o n o f some w h i t e boy f o r w h o m
no adequate p r o v i s i o n is made elsewhere.
O f course there are exceptions. B u t w i t h
F i s k and A t l a n t a d o i n g a d m i r a b l e w o r k in
academic w o r k , w h i l e H a m p t o n , Tuskegee
and C a l h o u n are doing" good w o r k i n ele
m e n t a r y education a n d i n d u s t r i a l courses,
col
we do not think we ought to encourage
ored boys to come to Mount Herman,
when
it means t h a t some w h i t e boy w h o is now
a p p l y i n g w o u l d have to be refused, w h o
could n e t go to these schools w h i c h have
been so m u n i f i c e n t l y p r o v i d e d . "
N e g r o edu
$1.44
10.00
teachers i n
in
in
$158.73
355.53
the
64
the
3,025
103
THE
104
CRISIS
105
COLORED TEACHERS
OF C A P E COLONY, SOUTH
AFRICA
E L E C T I O N D A Y IN FLORIDA
WALTER F .
AN u n k n o w n n u m b e r of dead, m e n o f
p r o p e r t y a n d s t a n d i n g f o r c e d to leave
t h e i r homes a n d f a m i l i e s u n d e r t h r e a t of
d e a t h , t h o u s a n d s o f q u a l i f i e d v o t e r s de
b a r r e d f r o m c a s t i n g t h e i r b a l l o t s t h e s e con
s t i t u t e a p o r t i o n of the r e s u l t s of the elec
To
t i o n s o f 1920 i n the s t a t e of F l o r i d a .
t h a t l i s t m i g h t w e l l be added a n i n c r e a s e d
b i t t e r n e s s on the p a r t o f b o t h w h i t e a n d
colored people t o w a r d s each o t h e r a n d a n
o t h e r b l a c k m a r k entered i n the books of
colored people a g a i n s t the w h i t e s f o r w h a t
the f o r m e r h a d to suffer.
I t is n o t possible to w r i t e of r a c e r e l a
t i o n s i n the S o u t h t o d a y w i t h o u t g i v i n g due
p r o m i n e n c e to the r e v i v a l of t h a t s i n i s t e r
o r g a n i z a t i o n , the K u K l u x K l a n . T h e r e is
h a r d l y a t o w n o r c o m m u n i t y to be f o u n d
w h i c h does n o t h a v e its b r a n c h . C e r t a i n i t
is t h a t w h e r e v e r one goes i n the S o u t h one
h e a r s of the " K l u c k s " a n d w h a t t h a t order
is g o i n g to do to m a i n t a i n " w h i t e s u p r e m
acy".
C l o t h e d i n g r e a t secrecy a n d h i n t i n g
of d i r e t h i n g s to come, the p r e t e n s i o n s of
the noble " p r o t e c t o r s o f s o u t h e r n w o m a n
h o o d " w o u l d be l u d i c r o u s w e r e i t not f o r
the v i c i o u s deeds a l r e a d y p e r f o r m e d b y
b r a n c h e s i n some o f the s m a l l e r t o w n s a n d
r u r a l c o m m u n i t i e s . I f one looks at the K u
K l u x K l a n solely f r o m the v i e w p o i n t of the
l a r g e r cities o f the S o u t h l i k e J a c k s o n v i l l e ,
A t l a n t a a n d B i r m i n g h a m w h e r e the N e g r o
p o p u l a t i o n is c o n c e n t r a t e d i n c e r t a i n sec
t i o n s , the efforts o f the K l a n a r e p a t h e t i c
a l l y a m u s i n g a n d a r e t r e a t e d as s u c h b y c o l
ored people.
F o r t y y e a r s ago w h e n the
o r i g i n a l K u K l u x d i d effective w o r k i n t e r
rorizing, murdering and pillaging the
Negroes of the South it was dealing with four
m i l l i o n r e c e n t l y e m a n c i p a t e d slaves w i t h a l l
o f the c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s f o l l o w i n g i n the w a k e
o f t w o and a h a l f c e n t u r i e s of h u m a n bond
age.
They were ignorant, superstitious,
easily frightened, poorly organized, dis
t r u s t f u l o f each other and s t i l l b e l i e v i n g
t h a t t h e y were i n f e r i o r to w h i t e m e n .
It
w a s a c o m p a r a t i v e l y s i m p l e m a t t e r to en
velop the K l a n w i t h a c l o a k of s u p e r n a t u r a l
p o w e r a n d to send a colored m a n s h i v e r i n g
to cover u n t i l a p a r a d e h a d passed.
T o d a y , h o w e v e r , the s e t t i n g is c h a n g e d .
WHITE
A n e w g e n e r a t i o n of N e g r o e s has a r i s e n
w i t h t h o u s a n d s o f u n i v e r s i t y , college, h i g h
school and g r a m m a r
school
graduates
a m o n g t h e m ; p o s s e s s i n g p r o p e r t y a n d the
respect f o r self t h a t a c c o m p a n i e s s u c h pos
sessions. I h a v e t a l k e d w i t h m a n y N e g r o e s
a n d w i t h m a n y w h i t e m e n i n the S o u t h . I
have found a f a r higher order of intelli
gence a m o n g N e g r o e s t h a n a m o n g whites,
w h e n one c o m p a r e s the t w o r a c e s g r a d e f o r
g r a d e . I n r e g a r d to the K l a n , even the u n
educated N e g r o l o o k s u p o n i t w i t h amused
c o n t e m p t . H i s w h i t e b r o t h e r , i n m o s t cases,
cherishes a f a t u o u s b e l i e f c o m m o n to pro
v i n c i a l a n d c i r c u m s c r i b e d m i n d s t h a t ter
r o r i s t i c m e t h o d s w i l l be efficacious i n "keep
i n g the n i g g e r i n h i s p l a c e " .
I n J a c k s o n v i l l e , f o r e x a m p l e , a p a r a d e of
the l o c a l K l a n w a s h e l d o n S a t u r d a y n i g h t ,
O c t o b e r 30. L a r g e n u m b e r s o f colored peo
ple t u r n e d o u t to v i e w the p a r a d e .
One
old c o l o r e d w o m a n o f the a n t e b e l l u m type
t h a t is f a s t d i s a p p e a r i n g , c a l l e d o u t d e r i
s i v e l y to the m a r c h i n g K l u c k s :
" W h i t e f o l k s , y o u a i n ' t done n o t h i n ' .
T h e m G e r m a n g u n s d i d n ' t scare us a n d I
k n o w t h e m w h i t e faces a i n ' t g o i n ' to do i t
now."
That remark
e p i t o m i z e s the
feeling.
P h r a s e d i n b e t t e r E n g l i s h i t l i k e w i s e ex
presses the s e n t i m e n t a m o n g the l a r g e r
number of educated colored citizens of
Jacksonville. But beneath the amused tolerance
t h e r e i s a g r i m r e a l i z a t i o n t h a t the K l a n
w i l l not spend its energy i n m a r c h i n g
t h a t the s i n i s t e r p u r p o s e s of the m o v e m e n t
betoken no good t o c o l o r e d people. N e g r o e s
a r e p r e p a r e d f o r t r o u b l e i n e v e r y p a r t of
the S o u t h w h e r e I h a v e been. T h e y r e a l i z e
that they are outnumbered and outarmed
a n d t h a t death is the i n e v i t a b l e f a t e of
m a n y i f clashes come.
T h e s i t u a t i o n i n the s m a l l e r t o w n s a n d
i s o l a t e d r u r a l c o m m u n i t i e s w h e r e the N e g r o
p o p u l a t i o n is w i d e l y s c a t t e r e d i s o f a more
serious n a t u r e . T h e r e the K l a n s c a n w r e a k
their vengeance on a n y N e g r o who dares
offend t h e m b y b e i n g too p r o s p e r o u s or
b e i n g suspected of some c r i m e , g r e a t or
s m a l l , o r b y i n c u r r i n g the d i s p l e a s u r e o f
a n y w h i t e m a n o f the c o m m u n i t y .
This
v e n g e a n c e extends to w h i t e m e n w h o offend
106
E L E C T I O N D A Y IN F L O R I D A
some l o y a l m e m b e r of a K l a n o r w h o dares
show too g r e a t f r i e n d l i n e s s f o r N e g r o e s
w h e t h e r f o r selfish o r o t h e r m o t i v e s . I t i s
not considered i m p r o p e r b u t j u s t the con
t r a r y f o r a w h i t e m a n or boy to debauch
o r consort w i t h a colored w o m a n , b u t no
w h i t e m a n c a n t r e a t a N e g r o as a n e q u a l .
A s a case i n p o i n t r e a d a K l a n w a r n i n g
sent to a prominent white lawyer of a
Florida town who advised Negroes to qualify,
r e g i s t e r a n d vote i n the recent election. I t
reads:
W e h a v e been i n f o r m e d t h a t y o u have
been t e l l i n g N e g r o e s to r e g i s t e r , e x p l a i n i n g
to t h e m how to become c i t i z e n s a n d how to
assert their rights.
I f y o u k n o w the h i s t o r y o f r e c o n s t r u c t i o n
d a y s f o l l o w i n g the C i v i l W a r , y o u k n o w how
the " s c a l a w a g s " o f the N o r t h a n d the black
r e p u b l i c a n s o f the S o u t h did m u c h as you
are d o i n g to i n s t i l l i n t o the N e g r o the idea
of s o c i a l e q u a l i t y . Y o u w i l l r e m e m b e r t h a t
these t h i n g s f o r c e d the l o y a l c i t i z e n s of the
S o u t h to f o r m c l a n s of d e t e r m i n e d m e n to
m a i n t a i n w h i t e s u p r e m a c y a n d to s a f e g u a r d
our women and children.
A n d n o w y o u k n o w t h a t h i s t o r y repeats i t
self a n d t h a t he w h o r e s o r t s to y o u r k i n d
of a game is h a n d l i n g edged-tools. W e s h a l l
a l w a y s enjoy W H I T E S U P R E M A C Y in
t h i s c o u n t r y a n d he w h o i n t e r f e r e s m u s t
face the consequences.
GRAND MASTER FLORIDA K U
KLUCKS.
Copy
Local K u Klucks
W a t c h this man.
A n e x a m p l e o f w h a t c a n be done and
w h a t h a s been done i n a s m a l l t o w n is the
election riot at Ocoee, Orange County,
Florida. For weeks before November 2, word
h a d been sent to the N e g r o e s t h a t no colored
m a n w o u l d be a l l o w e d to vote. T h e state
ment was e m p h a s i z e d w i t h the t h r e a t t h a t
a n y N e g r o a t t e m p t i n g to cast h i s b a l l o t
w o u l d be s e v e r e l y p u n i s h e d .
One colored
m a n d i s r e g a r d e d the w a r n i n g . H e w a s the
most p r o m i n e n t m a n in, h i s c o m m u n i t y ,
o w n e d a l a r g e orange g r o v e w o r t h more
t h a n t e n t h o u s a n d d o l l a r s , h i s o w n home
a n d a n a u t o m o b i l e . H e h a d a l w a y s borne
the r e p u t a t i o n of b e i n g a safe and sane
l e a d e r a m o n g h i s people a n d h a d n e v e r been
i n v o l v e d i n t r o u b l e of a n y k i n d . A n d there
i n l a y h i s u n p o p u l a r i t y . H e w a s too pros
perous"for a nigger". H e , Mose N o r m a n ,
a t t e m p t e d to vote. H e w a s beaten severely
a n d ordered to go home. T h e press r e p o r t s
s t a t e d l a t e r t h a t he h a d not p a i d h i s poll
t a x n o r h a d he r e g i s t e r e d .
On this point
a n d the s u c c e e d i n g events, m a y I quote the
s t a t e m e n t o f a w h i t e m a n o f the t o w n w h o
said;
107
"
he w a s denied u p o n the g r o u n d
t h a t he h a d not p a i d his p o l l t a x , w h e n ,
as a m a t t e r o f fact', the r e c o r d s o f t h i s
c o u n t y ( i f t h e y have not been doctored
since) w i l l show t h a t he h a d p a i d h i s t a x .
T h e press c l a i m e d t h a t he made a t h r e a t
t h a t he w a s g o i n g home to get his g u n , a n d
see t h a t he d i d vote. I do not believe t h a t
anyone, s i t u a t e d as ho w a s , w o u l d have been
f o o l h a r d y enough to m a k e such a t h r e a t .
A f t e r the polls closed, a n u m b e r of a r m e d
men w e n t to h i s house, w i t h o u t a w a r r a n t
and w i t h o u t a u t h o r i t y o f l a w as is c l a i m e d
by those a p p r o v i n g t h e i r a c t i o n , to a r r e s t
t h i s N e g r o . T w o w h i t e m e n were shot in
the N e g r o ' s b a c k y a r d . F r o m t h a t t i m e on
f o r three d a y s the c o m m u n i t y r a n r i o t . I
do not believe i t w i l l ever be k n o w n h o w
m a n y N e g r o e s were k i l l e d .
E v e r y Negro
home, schoolhouse, c h u r c h a n d lodge-room
in t h a t c o m m u n i t y w a s b u r n e d , i n some i n
stances w i t h women a n d c h i l d r e n o c c u p y i n g
the houses, a n d t h u s b u r n e d to death. . . .
The foregoing is a fair sample of
conditions which exist in most parts of the
state."
T h e s t o r y is e s s e n t i a l l y as told above.
W h e n N o r m a n left the polls he w e n t to the
home of J u l y P e r r y , another colored m a n ,
who l i k e w i s e w a s u n p o p u l a r w i t h the w h i t e s
in t h a t he w a s f o r e m a n of a l a r g e orange
grove owned b y a w h i t e m a n l i v i n g i n N e w
E n g l a n d a job w h i c h the c o m m u n i t y f e l t
was too good f o r a N e g r o . W h e n the mob
attacked the colored c o m m u n i t y the colored
people f o u g h t i n self-defense, k i l l i n g t w o
w h i t e men a n d w o u n d i n g t w o , a c c o r d i n g to
news accounts.
C i t i z e n s of the t o w n told
me t h a t e i g h t or ten w h i t e s w e r e k i l l e d b u t
t h a t they could not a l l o w the i n f o r m a t i o n to
become k n o w n , f e a r i n g the effect on the
colored p o p u l a t i o n . H o w e v e r , the mob s u r
r o u n d e d the settlement, set fire to i t , shot
down or forced back i n t o the flames colored
men, w o m e n a n d c h i l d r e n w h o a t t e m p t e d to
flee.
The number murdered will probably
never be k n o w n .
T h e figures g e n e r a l l y
g i v e n v a r i e d f r o m t h i r t y - t w o to t h i r t y - f i v e .
One lean, l a n k y and vicious looking white
c i t i z e n of Ocoee of w h o m I asked the n u m
ber of dead, r e p l i e d :
" I don't k n o w e x a c t l y but I know fifty-six
niggers were killed.
I killed seventeen
my
self."
W h a t e v e r the n u m b e r , two o f those k n o w n
to have d i e d , were a colored mother and her
two-weeks old infant.
B e f o r e the ashes o f
the b u r n e d houses h a d cooled, e a g e r m e m
bers of the mob r u s h e d i n a n d s o u g h t glee
f u l l y the c h a r r e d bones of the v i c t i m s as
s o u v e n i r s . A s I stood on the spot a p p r o x i
the
m a t e l y seventy-two h o u r s f o l l o w i n g
s l a u g h t e r , the r e m a i n s looked as t h o u g h
108
THE
CRISIS
T H E S I X T H W A R D P O L L I N G - T E N T , J A C K S O N V I L L E , F L O R I D A , C O L O R E D SIDE.
LINE DURING ENTIRE D A T
A B O U T 400 IN
cases e q u a l l y as
flagrant
where Negro
w o m e n h a d been i m p r i s o n e d f o r s u c h "of
fenses" as these.
I n the same m a n n e r m e n w o u l d be i n t i m
i d a t e d a n d t h r e a t e n e d . A w h i t e l a w y e r told
me l a u g h i n g l y o f h o w a N e g r o w o u l d ap
p r o a c h a r e g i s t r a t i o n booth i n h i s county,
O r a n g e , a n d ask i f he c o u l d r e g i s t e r . T h e of
ficials t h e r e , i n m o s t cases of the p o o r e r or
der o f w h i t e s , w o u l d r e p l y , " O h , yes, y o u can
r e g i s t e r , b u t I w a n t to t e l l y o u s o m e t h i n g .
Some god d a m n b l a c k
is
g o i n g to get k i l l e d a b o u t t h i s v o t i n g business
yet."
In Q u i n c y , G a d s d e n C o u n t y , the l e a d i n g
colored m a n o f the t o w n , a p h y s i c i a n , o w n e r
of a d r u g store a n d other p r o p e r t y i n c l u d i n g
a n e x c e l l e n t home, on e l e c t i o n d a y w a s sur
r o u n d e d as he a p p r o a c h e d the p o l l i n g booth
to cast his b a l l o t , b y a c r o w d w h o s p a t i n
his face a n d d a r e d h i m to w i p e h i s face.
H i s " c r i m e " w a s t h a t of a d v i s i n g colored
men and w o m e n to r e g i s t e r a n d vote.
He
has since been o r d e r e d to get out of the
t o w n b u t r e m a i n s d e t e r m i n e d to die r a t h e r
than submit.
H e h a s a l w a y s been a good
c i t i z e n a n d h i g h l y respected b y b o t h w h i t e
a n d colored people.
T w o brothers
of L i v e Oak, Suwanee
C o u n t y , w h o also w e r e good c i t i z e n s , pros
perous a n d the o w n e r s o f a l a r g e m e r c h a n
dise business, w e r e c a l l e d f r o m t h e i r homes
t w o weeks before e l e c t i o n d a y , beaten a l m o s t
to d e a t h a n d o r d e r e d to leave t o w n i m m e
diately for the same offense of urging
Negroes to vote. One has gone; the other lies
E L E C T I O N D A Y IN F L O R I D A
109
w o m e n to r e g i s t e r .
T o the n u m b e r o f
w o m e n w a s added the l a r g e r e g i s t r a t i o n of
m e n , w h i t e a n d colored, i n the s p r i n g of
1920.
Y e t , i n the second, seventh a n d
e i g h t h w a r d s the t o t a l vote d i d not e q u a l the
r e g i s t r a t i o n of colored w o m e n alone, w h i l e
i n the s i x t h w a r d the t o t a l n u m b e r of votes
cast w a s o n l y a few m o r e t h a n the number
of w o m e n , w h i t e a n d colored, r e g i s t e r e d .
E v e r y possible effort w a s m a d e to h a m p e r
the v o t i n g of N e g r o e s . T h e p o l l i n g places
were a r r a n g e d w i t h f o u r entrancesone
each f o r w h i t e w o m e n , w h i t e m e n , colored
w o m e n a n d colored men.
N o delay w a s
caused to w h i t e voters.
More than four
t h o u s a n d colored men a n d w o m e n , whose
names, addresses a n d r e g i s t r a t i o n certifi
cate n u m b e r s are i n the h a n d s of r e s p o n s i
ble colored citizens of J a c k s o n v i l l e , stood i n
line f r o m 8:00 A . M . , the h o u r of o p e n i n g ,
to 5:40 P . M . , the h o u r o f c l o s i n g the polls,
a n d were not a l l o w e d to vote.
U n l e s s the p r o b l e m o f the b a l l o t is solved,
either t h r o u g h r e d u c t i o n of S o u t h e r n rep
r e s e n t a t i o n , a force b i l l or by some other
means, a n d the e n t i r e p r o b l e m of race re
l a t i o n s solved t h r o u g h c l e a r t h i n k i n g and
j u s t d e a l i n g , o u r race r i o t s a n d s i m i l a r
d i s t u r b a n c e s are j u s t b e g i n n i n g . T h i s m a y
sound p e s s i m i s t i c a n d as t h o u g h the p r o b
lem were v i e w e d o n l y f r o m the s t a n d p o i n t
of an a l a r m i s t . T h a t is not the case. I t i s
based u p o n the i n n e r m o s t f e e l i n g s a n d
thoughts of twelve million A m e r i c a n s who
seek to be free.
MARGARET GARNER
A True Romance
LlLLIE B U F F U M
CHACE
WYMAN
to do so. T h e n the r e d h o r r o r w h i c h s t a i n s
e v e r y p a g e of the R e p u b l i c ' s s t o r y , b e g a n to
c r i m s o n the scene. A w i n d o w w a s b r o k e n ,
blood t r i c k l e d f r o m the M a r s h a l l ' s w r i s t ;
shots w e r e fired i n t o the house, shots were
fired o u t f r o m w i t h i n . R o b e r t G a r n e r , c o l
o r e d , w a s , to use o u r l a t e r p h r a s e , a r e d blooded A m e r i c a n a m a n w h o w o u l d de
fend his women and children.
B u t the
The
s t r u g g l e c o u l d h a v e b u t one end.
a s s a i l a n t s b r o k e t h e i r w a y i n t o the house.
T h e n the c r i m s o n flood bore the m o m e n t up
f r o m the v a l l e y of s q u a l i d m i s e r y to the
h i g h e s t peak of h u m a n t r a g e d y . A m o t h e r
was there!
T h i s c o m p a n y of f u g i t i v e s consisted o f an
e l d e r l y couple n a m e d S i m o n a n d M a r y , t h e i r
son R o b e r t G a r n e r , h i s w i f e M a r g a r e t a n d
four little children. Simon and M a r y had
once been s e p a r a t e d f o r y e a r s , as a n i n c i
dent of s l a v e r y .
Some accounts i n d i c a t e
t h a t M a r g a r e t h a d been the o c c a s i o n a l
v i c t i m of the c u s t o m a r y a n d w o r l d - w i d e ,
a v i d l u s t o f the w h i t e m a n f o r the d a r k
w o m a n . H o w e v e r t h a t m a y be, R o b e r t a n d
she h a d fled, together, w i t h a l l the c h i l d r e n ,
i n search of a home w h e r e t h e y m i g h t safe
ly continue their f a m i l y life. M a r g a r e t was
about t w e n t y - f i v e y e a r s old a n d n o t v e r y
d a r k . L u c y Stone, w h o s a w her, described
h e r as h a v i n g a dignified presence, a n d as
b e i n g "one of the m o s t b e a u t i f u l w o m e n I
h a d ever seen". H e r oldest c h i l d w a s a l i t
tle g i r l , v e r y p r e t t y a n d n e a r l y w h i t e .
N e x t came " t w o w o o l l y - h e a d e d l i t t l e f e l
lows w i t h fat, d i m p l e d c h e e k s " ; t h e n t h e r e
w a s a b a b y w h i t e r t h a n its m o t h e r .
Its
sex is not r e c o r d e d .
A f t e r the f u g i t i v e s a r r i v e d , K i t e w e n t to
c o n s u l t L e v i Coffin, the g r e a t slave r e s c u e r
of O h i o . H e r e t u r n e d to find U n i t e d S t a t e s
M a r s h a l l E l l i s , w i t h constables
already
s u r r o u n d i n g his house.
W i t h them w a s
A r c h i b a l d K . G a i n e s , w h o owned some of
the f u g i t i v e s . H e h a d discovered the sled
immediately after it was left on the
Kentucky shore, and had followed on the track
of the r u n a w a y s .
T h e refugees i n the n o w b e l e a g u e r e d
house h a d b a r r e d the doors a n d w i n d o w s ,
a n d refused to s u r r e n d e r w h e n c a l l e d upon
MARGARET GARNER
p l a y e d c a r e l e s s l y a r o u n d her knees.
She
held her baby in her lap and it kept p u t t i n g
u p i t s t i n y h a n d s to caress h e r face. T h i n k
of i t t h e sweet t o u c h o f h e r b a b y ' s fingers
on t h i s w o e f u l m o t h e r ' s cheek! M o s t of the
t i m e M a r g a r e t s t a r e d b l a n k l y at the floor,
b u t once i n a w h i l e she looked t i m i d l y
a r o u n d the r o o m . She h a d a s c a r on her
forehead and another on her cheek.
Someone asked how she got these scars. "White
m a n s t r u c k m e , " she a n s w e r e d .
L u c y Stone v i s i t e d h e r i n p r i s o n a n d
f o u n d her i n a state o f d u m b d e s p a i r . She
d i d , h o w e v e r , rouse h e r s e l f enough to say
t h a t she h a d m e a n t to k i l l a l l her c h i l d r e n ,
but b e g a n w i t h the g i r l so as to m a k e s u r e
a t least of her,
because
she
thought
"boy3
could bear s l a v
ery better t h a n
girls could."
L u c y Stone told
her i n
return
t h a t i f she h a d
no w e a p o n , she
could
at a n y
time end h e r l i f e
by t e a r i n g open
an a r t e r y w i t h
her teeth
and
letting
herself
bleed to d e a t h ;
" I w o u l d do i t
myself,"
said
L u c y Stone.
I t w a s decid
ed, a f t e r s e v e r a l
weeks, t h a t the
fugitives
were
primarily
the
c a p t i v e s o f the U n i t e d S t a t e s whose busi
ness i t w a s to d e l i v e r t h e m s a f e l y into the
hands of t h e i r i n d i v i d u a l o w n e r s . T h e r e f o r e ,
t h e y w e r e sent into K e n t u c k y ; b u t M r .
G a i n e s h a d m a d e some s o r t of a p r o m i s e to
L u c y Stone, a n d i t w a s u n d e r s t o o d t h a t he
w o u l d keep M a r g a r e t n e a r the s o u t h e r n
shore o f the r i v e r l o n g enough to enable
G o v e r n o r C h a s e to m a k e a f o r m a l r e q u i s i
tion upon Governor Morehead of Kentucky
f o r h e r r e t u r n to O h i o f o r t r i a l there as a
murderess.
One " J o e C o o p e r " f o l l o w e d q u i c k l y across
w i t h G o v e r n o r C h a s e ' s r e q u i s i t i o n , b u t be
fore a l l l e g a l r e q u i r e m e n t s could be met, M r .
111
G a i n e s s t a r t e d w i t h h i s slaves f o r L o u i s v i l l e .
Cooper p u r s u e d t h e m i n g a l l a n t e n d e a v o r ,
but t h e y w e r e handcuffed a n d d e l i v e r e d to
one M a r s h a l l B u t t s f r o m C o v i n g t o n .
A c c o u n t s v a r y as to the d e t a i l s of w h a t
happened next, b u t the e s s e n t i a l f a c t s s t a n d
out c l e a r l y e n o u g h . T h e Henry Lewis c o l
lided with another boat, and Margaret
Garner's baby was drowned. The statement
t h a t the slaves w e r e " h a n d c u f f e d " m a k e s i t
uncertain w h a t M a r g a r e t herself d i d , but
p e r h a p s the handcuffs h a d been r e m o v e d ;
f o r one s t o r y is t h a t she t h r e w the b a b y
o v e r b o a r d , a n d a n o t h e r t h a t she let i t slide
f r o m h e r l a p i n t o the w a t e r .
The proba
b i l i t y is t h a t she h e r s e l f e i t h e r p l u n g e d
w i t h , or after, it
into the s t r e a m ,
o u t of w h i c h she
was p u l l e d b y a
colored m a n and
placed on
the
Hungarian to
w h i c h the other
slaves h a d been
removed.
She
cried out w i t h
frantic joy when
told
that
the
baby was really
drowned,
and
declared
that
she
herself
would
never
r e a c h t h e i r des
tined port alive.
Some one t h r e w
a
blanket
a r o u n d her a n d
she
w a s de
scribed
by
an
eye w i t n e s s as c r o u c h i n g " l i k e a w i l d a n i
m a l " on the floor of the boat's deck.
F o r m a n y y e a r s no p r i n t e d r e c o r d r e p o r t
ed her a f t e r - f a t e .
L e v i Coffin, n e a r l y a
q u a r t e r of a c e n t u r y l a t e r , w r o t e s a d l y t h a t
M a r g a r e t w a s lost i n the h e l l of A m e r i c a n
slavery.
Some t h i r t y y e a r s h a d elapsed
w h e n L u c y Stone told me t h a t before the
a b o l i t i o n of s l a v e r y a l e t t e r h a d m a d e its
h a z a r d o u s w a y to her. I t was signed R o b e r t
G a r n e r a n d s a i d t h a t he t h o u g h t M r s . Stone
w o u l d be g l a d to k n o w t h a t M a r g a r e t h a d
died.
A s I t h i n k o f the c r o u c h i n g figure she does
not seem " l i k e a w i l d a n i m a l " b u t l i k e a n
image of sublime motherhood.
MARCUS G A R V E Y
W.
E.
B.
DUBOIS
112
MARCUS G A R V E Y
s i n k i n g a y e a r ago a n d i t has cost a g r e a t
d e a l f o r r e p a i r s . I t is s a i d t h a t i t is now
l a i d u p f o r r e p a i r s w i t h a l a r g e b i l l due.
W i t h o u t doubt the i n e x p e r i e n c e d p u r c h a s e r s
of t h i s vessel p a i d f a r more t h a n i t is w o r t h ,
and i t w i l l soon be u t t e r l y w o r t h l e s s unless
r e b u i l t a t a v e r y h i g h cost."
T h e cases of the Kanawha (or
Antonio
Maceo)
a n d the Shadyside are p u z z l i n g .
N e i t h e r o f these boats is r e g i s t e r e d as be
l o n g i n g to the B l a c k S t a r L i n e at a l l . T h e
f o r m e r is recorded as b e l o n g i n g to C . L .
D i m o n , a n d the l a t t e r to the N o r t h and
E a s t R i v e r S t e a m b o a t C o m p a n y . Does the
B l a c k S t a r L i n e r e a l l y o w n these boats, or
is i t b u y i n g t h e m b y i n s t a l l m e n t s , or only
leasing them?
W e do not k n o w the facts
and have been u n a b l e to find out. U n d e r
the c i r c u m s t a n c e s they look like dubious
"assets".
T h e m a j o r i t y of the B l a c k S t a r stock is
a p p a r e n t l y o w n e d by the U n i v e r s a l N e g r o
I m p r o v e m e n t A s s o c i a t i o n . T h e r e is no r e a
son w h y t h i s a s s o c i a t i o n , i f i t w i l l and c a n ,
should not c o n t i n u e to p o u r money into its
c o r p o r a t i o n . L e t us therefore consider then
M r . G a r v e y ' s o t h e r resources.
M r . G a r v e y ' s income consists of (a) dues
f r o m members of the U . N . I. A s s o c i a t i o n ;
(b) s h a r e s i n the B l a c k S t a r L i n e and other
e n t e r p r i s e s , a n d (c) g i f t s a n d " l o a n s " f o r
specific objects. I f the U . N . I. A s s o c i a t i o n
h a s "3,000,000 m e m b e r s " t h e n the income
f r o m t h a t source alone w o u l d be c e r t a i n l y
over a m i l l i o n d o l l a r s a y e a r .
If, as is
more l i k e l y , i t has u n d e r 300,000 p a y i n g
members, he m a y collect $150,000 a n n u a l l y
f r o m t h i s source.
S t o c k i n the B l a c k
S t a r L i n e is s t i l l b e i n g sold.
Garvey
h i m s e l f tells of one w o m a n who h a d saved
about four hundred dollars i n gold: "She
b r o u g h t out a l l the gold a n d b o u g h t shares
i n the B l a c k S t a r L i n e . "
Another man
w r i t e s t h i s t o u c h i n g letter f r o m the C a n a l
Zone:
" I h a v e sent t w i c e to b u y shares
a m o u n t i n g to $125, ( n u m b e r s of certificates
3752 a n d 9 6 1 7 ) . N o w I a m s e n d i n g $35
for seven m o r e shares. Y o u m i g h t t h i n k I
h a v e money, b u t the t r u t h , as I stated be
fore, is t h a t I h a v e no m o n e y n o w . B u t i f
I ' m to die of h u n g e r i t w i l l be a l l right be
cause . I ' m d e t e r m i n e d to do a l l t h a t ' s i n
T e c h n i c a l l y the Yarmouth
does not belong to the
Black S t a r L i n e of D e l a w a r e , but to the " B l a c k Star
L i n e of C a n a d a , L i m i t e d , " incorporated in C a n a d a ,
M a r c h 23, 1920, with one m i l l i o n dollars capital.
This
capital consists of $500 cash and $999,500 "assets."
P r o b a b l y the B l a c k S t a r L i n e o f Delaware controls
this corporation, but this is not k n o w n .
113
m y p o w e r to better the c o n d i t i o n s o f m y
race.'"
In a d d i t i o n to t h i s he has asked f o r spe
c i a l c o n t r i b u t i o n s . In the s p r i n g of 1920
he demanded f o r his c o m i n g c o n v e n t i o n i n
A u g u s t , " a f u n d of t w o m i l l i o n d o l l a r s
($2,000,000) to c a p i t a l i z e t h i s , the greatest
of a l l c o n v e n t i o n s . " In O c t o b e r he a c k n o w l
edged a t o t a l of s o m e t h i n g over $16,000 i n
small contributions.
I m m e d i a t e l y he a n
nounced " a c o n s t r u c t i v e l o a n " o f $2,000,000,
w h i c h he is p r e s u m a b l y s t i l l s e e k i n g to
raise.
5
From
these sources
of income M r .
G a r v e y has financed h i s e n t e r p r i s e s a n d
c a r r i e d on a w i d e a n d d e t e r m i n e d p r o p a
g a n d a , m a i n t a i n e d a l a r g e staff of s a l a r i e d
officials, c l e r k s a n d agents, a n d p u b l i s h e d a
weekly newspaper.
N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g this
considerable income, there is no doubt
that Garvey's expenditures
are
press
ing
h a r d on his income, a n d t h a t h i s
financial
methods are so e s s e n t i a l l y u n
sound t h a t unless he speedily revises them
the i n v e s t o r s w i l l c e r t a i n l y get no d i v i d e n d s
and worse m a y happen".
H e is a p p a r
e n t l y u s i n g the f a m i l i a r method of " K i t i n g "
-i. e., the money w h i c h comes i n as i n v e s t
ment i n stock is b e i n g used i n c u r r e n t ex
penses, e s p e c i a l l y i n h e a v y o v e r h e a d costs,
for c l e r k h i r e , i n t e r e s t a n d d i s p l a y . E v e n
his boats a r e b e i n g used f o r a d v e r t i s e m e n t
more t h a n f o r b u s i n e s s l y i n g i n h a r b o r s as
4
P. N . Gordon.
" T h e U n i v e r s a l N e g r o Improvement Association if
raising a constructive loan of two million Hollars f r o m
T h r e e hundred thousand dollars out of
its members.
this two m i l l i o n has been allotted to the N e w Y o r k
L o c a l as its quota, and already the members in N e w
Y o r k have started to subscribe to the loan, a n d in the
next seven days the three hundred
thousand dollars
will be oversubscribed. The great divisions of
Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Boston. Chicago, Cleveland,
Wilmington, Baltimore and Washington will also over
subscribe their quota to make up the two m i l l i o n dol
lars.
January,
"Constructive
work
will be started i n
1921, when the first ship of the B l a c k Star L i n e on
the A f r i c a n trade will sail from N e w Y o r k with ma
terials a n d workmen for this constructive work."
E l e v e n days later, November 6th, the Negro
World
is still "raising the l o a n " but there is no report of
the amount raised.
It might be argued th;it it is not absolutely neces
sary that tilo Black Star Line, etc., should pay
financially. It is quite conceivable that Garvey should
launch
a business philanthropy,
and that without
expectation of r e t u r n , colored people should contribute
for a series of years to support N e g r o enterprise.
But
this is not Garvey's idea. He says plainly in a
circular:
" T h e Black Star L i n e corporation presents to every
Black M a n , W o m a n and C h i l d the opportunity
to
climb the great ladder of industrial and commercial
progress.
If y o u have ten dollars, one h u n d r e d dol
lars, or one or five thousand dollars to invest for
profit, then take out shares in T h e B l a c k Star L i n e ,
Inc.
T h i s corporation is chartered to trade on every
sea and all waters.
T h e B l a c k Star L i n e will t u r n
over large profits a n d dividends to stockholders, and
operate to their interest even whilst they will be
asleep."
6
T H E CRISIS
114
e x h i b i t s , t a k i n g e x c u r s i o n p a r t i e s , etc. T h e s e
methods have necessitated m o r t g a g e s on
property and continually new and
more
g r a n d i o s e schemes to collect l a r g e r a n d
l a r g e r a m o u n t s of r e a d y c a s h . M e a n t i m e ,
l a c k i n g business m e n o f e x p e r i e n c e , h i s
a c t u a l business v e n t u r e s h a v e b r o u g h t i n
f e w r e t u r n s , i n v o l v e d h e a v y expense a n d
t h r e a t e n e d h i m c o n t i n u a l l y w i t h d i s a s t e r or
legal complication.
O n the o t h e r h a n d , f u l l c r e d i t m u s t be
g i v e n G a r v e y f o r a bold effort a n d some suc
cess. H e has at least p u t vessels m a n n e d
a n d owned b y b l a c k men on the seas a n d
t h e y have c a r r i e d passengers a n d cargoes.
T h e difficulty is t h a t he does not k n o w the
s h i p p i n g business, he does not u n d e r s t a n d
the i n v e s t m e n t of c a p i t a l , a n d he has f e w
trained and staunch assistants.
T h e present financial p l i g h t o f a n i n e x
perienced and h e a d s t r o n g p r o m o t e r m a y
t h e r e f o r e decide the fate of the w h o l e m o v e
ment. T h i s w o u l d be a c a l a m i t y . G a r v e y
is the beloved l e a d e r o f tens of t h o u s a n d s
of poor a n d b e w i l d e r e d people w h o have
been cheated a l l t h e i r l i v e s .
His failure
w o u l d m e a n a b l o w to t h e i r f a i t h , a n d a loss
of t h e i r l i t t l e s a v i n g s , w h i c h i t w o u l d t a k e
g e n e r a t i o n s to undo.
M o r e o v e r , s h o r n of i t s b o m b a s t a n d ex
a g g e r a t i o n , the m a i n lines of the G a r v e y
p l a n are p e r f e c t l y feasible.
W h a t he is
t r y i n g to s a y a n d do is t h i s : A m e r i c a n N e
groes c a n , b y a c c u m u l a t i n g a n d m i n i s t e r i n g
their own capital, organize industry, join
the b l a c k centers o f the s o u t h A t l a n t i c by
commercial enterprise and in this w a y ulti
m a t e l y redeem A f r i c a as a fit a n d free home
f o r b l a c k m e n . T h i s is t r u e . I t is
feasible.
I t i s , i n a sense, p r a c t i c a l ; b u t i t w i l l t a k e
f o r i t s a c c o m p l i s h m e n t l o n g y e a r s of p a i n s
t a k i n g , s e l f - s a c r i f i c i n g effort.
It w i l l call
f o r e v e r y ounce o f a b i l i t y , k n o w l e d g e , e x
perience a n d d e v o t i o n i n the w h o l e N e g r o
race. I t is not a t a s k f o r one m a n o r one
o r g a n i z a t i o n , b u t f o r co-ordinate effort on
the p a r t o f m i l l i o n s . T h e p l a n is not o r i g i n a l
w i t h G a r v e y b u t he h a s p o p u l a r i z e d i t ,
made i t a l i v i n g , vocal ideal and swept thou
sands w i t h h i m w i t h intense b e l i e f i n the
possible a c c o m p l i s h m e n t o f the i d e a l .
is no doubt b u t w h a t G a r v e y h a s s o u g h t to
i m p o r t to A m e r i c a a n d c a p i t a l i z e t h e a n t a g
o n i s m b e t w e e n b l a c k s a n d m u l a t t o e s i n the
W e s t Indies.
T h i s has been the cause o f
the W e s t I n d i a n f a i l u r e s to g a i n h e a d w a y
a g a i n s t the w h i t e s . Y e t G a r v e y i m p o r t s i t
into a l a n d w h e r e i t h a s n e v e r h a d a n y sub
s t a n t i a l footing and where today, of a l l days,
i t is a b s o l u t e l y r e p u d i a t e d b y e v e r y t h i n k
i n g N e g r o ; G a r v e y capitalizes it, has sought
to get the c o o p e r a t i o n of m e n l i k e R . R .
M o t o n on t h i s b a s i s , a n d h a s a r o u s e d m o r e
b i t t e r c o l o r e n m i t y i n s i d e the r a c e t h a n has
ever before e x i s t e d . T h e w h i t e s a r e d e l i g h t
ed at the p r o s p e c t o f a d i v i s i o n o f o u r s o l i d i
f y i n g p h a l a n x , b u t t h e i r hopes a r e v a i n .
A m e r i c a n N e g r o e s r e c o g n i z e no c o l o r l i n e i n
o r out of the r a c e , a n d t h e y w i l l i n the end
p u n i s h the m a n w h o a t t e m p t s to e s t a b l i s h
it.
T h e n too G a r v e y i n c r e a s e s h i s difficulties
i n other d i r e c t i o n s . H e is a B r i t i s h subject.
H e w a n t s to t r a d e i n B r i t i s h t e r r i t o r y . W h y
t h e n does he needlessly a n t a g o n i z e a n d even
insult Britain? He wants to unite all
Negroes. Why then does he sneer at the work
of the p o w e r f u l g r o u p o f his r a c e i n the
U n i t e d S t a t e s w h e r e he finds a s y l u m a n d
s y m p a t h y ? P a r t i c u l a r l y , w h y does he decry
the e x c e l l e n t a n d r i s i n g business e n t e r p r i s e s
of H a r l e m i n t i m a t i n g t h a t h i s schemes
alone a r e honest a n d s o u n d w h e n
the
flatly
contradict
him?
He
pro
facts
poses
to
settle
his
headquarters
in
Liberiabut
has
he
asked
permission
of the L i b e r i a n g o v e r n m e n t ?
Does he
presume
to u s u r p
authority in a land
w h i c h has s u c c e s s f u l l y w i t h s t o o d E n g l a n d ,
F r a n c e a n d the U n i t e d S t a t e s , b u t is ex
pected t a m e l y to s u b m i t to M a r c u s G a r v e y ?
How long does Mr. Garvey think that
President King would permit his anti-English
p r o p a g a n d a on L i b e r i a n s o i l , w h e n the gov
e r n m e n t i s s t r a i n i n g e v e r y n e r v e to escape
the L i o n ' s P a w ?
A n d , finally, w i t h o u t a r m s , m o n e y , effect
i v e o r g a n i z a t i o n o r base o f o p e r a t i o n s , M r .
Garvey openly and wildly talks of
"Conquest" and of telling white Europeans in
A f r i c a to " g e t o u t ! " a n d o f b e c o m i n g h i m
self a b l a c k N a p o l e o n !
7
there
MARCUS GARVEY
S u p p o s e M r . G a r v e y s h o u l d d r o p f r o m the
clouds a n d c o n c e n t r a t e on his i n d u s t r i a l
schemes as a p r a c t i c a l first step t o w a r d his
d r e a m s : the first d u t y of a g r e a t c o m m e r c i a l
e n t e r p r i s e is to c a r r y on effective commerce.
A m a n who sees i n i n d u s t r y the key to a
s i t u a t i o n , m u s t e s t a b l i s h sufficient business
l i k e i n d u s t r i e s . H e r e M r . G a r v e y has f a i l e d
lamentably.
T h e Yarmouth,
f o r i n s t a n c e , has not been
a c o m m e r c i a l success.
S t o r i e s have been
p u b l i s h e d a l l e g i n g its d i r t y c o n d i t i o n a n d
the i n e x c u s a b l e conduct o f i t s c a p t a i n a n d
crew.
To this M r . G a r v e y m a y reply
t h a t i t w a s no easy m a t t e r to get efficient
persons to r u n h i s boats a n d to keep a sched
ule.
T h i s is c e r t a i n l y t r u e , b u t i f i t is
difficult to secure one black boat c r e w , how
m u c h m o r e difficult is i t g o i n g to be to
" b u i l d a n d operate f a c t o r i e s i n the b i g i n
d u s t r i a l centers o f the U n i t e d States, C e n
t r a l A m e r i c a , the W e s t Indies a n d A f r i c a to
manufacture every marketable commodity"?
a n d a l s o " t o p u r c h a s e a n d b u i l d s h i p s of
l a r g e r tonnage f o r the A f r i c a n a n d S o u t h
A m e r i c a n t r a d e " ? a n d also to r a i s e " F i v e
M i l l i o n D o l l a r s to free L i b e r i a " w h e r e " n e w
b u i l d i n g s a r e to be erected, a d m i n i s t r a t i v e
b u i l d i n g s a r e to be b u i l t , colleges a n d u n i
v e r s i t i e s are to be c o n s t r u c t e d " ? a n d finally
to a c c o m p l i s h w h a t M r . G a r v e y c a l l s the
" C o n q u e s t of A f r i c a " !
T o s u m u p : G a r v e y is a sincere, h a r d
w o r k i n g i d e a l i s t ; he is also a s t u b b o r n ,
115
FIVE GENERATIONS
The Faucett-Batie-Smith-Wilson Family of Durham, N. 0.
National A s s o c i a t i o n for
the
A d v a n c e m e n t of Colored-People.
A
G R E E T I N G
F R O M
T H E N E W
S E C R E T A R Y
I E N T E R u p o n m y n e w w o r k as s e c r e t a r y w i t h a f u l l r e a l i z a t i o n o f the i m p o r t a n c e of
the t a s k before me. I n m y f o u r y e a r s of w o r k as field s e c r e t a r y i t has been m y p r i v i
lege to meet a n d k n o w l a r g e n u m b e r s of the m e m b e r s a n d f r i e n d s of the A s s o c i a t i o n i n
a l l p a r t s o f the c o u n t r y .
B e c a u s e of the deep i n s i g h t g a i n e d t h e r e b y i n t o the l o y a l t y and
sincere d e v o t i o n of those w h o h a v e g i v e n so m u c h o f t h e m s e l v e s to the cause, I a s s u m e the
new r e s p o n s i b i l i t y w i t h u n b o u n d e d hope a n d e n t h u s i a s m .
I feel s u p r e m e l y confident t h a t
w i t h y o u r s u p p o r t a n d c o - o p e r a t i o n , the N a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n f o r the A d v a n c e m e n t of
C o l o r e d P e o p l e is destined to become the i r r e s i s t i b l e f o r c e i n A m e r i c a f o r f r e e i n g the
N e g r o f r o m the bonds w h i c h b i n d h i m .
T h e r e is no g r e a t e r cause t h a n o u r s i t is a fight f o r the r i g h t s w h i c h b e l o n g to a l l
free men. F o r eleven y e a r s we h a v e been b u i l d i n g the efficient m a c h i n e f o r s u s t a i n e d a n d
o r g a n i z e d effort; w i t h l o y a l t y , s t e a d f a s t c o u r a g e a n d u n i t y the g o a l before us w i l l be
achieved.
T H E
JAMES WELDON
T H O M A S
R A Y
JOHNSON.
Sheriff L . P . P l a y e r , of W i l k i n s o n County,
G a . , a n d V . W . F a u l k n e r , a b r o t h e r of the
late D e w i t t F a u l k n e r . T h e y b r o k e i n t o the
house w i t h d r a w n r e v o l v e r s a n d a r r e s t e d
T h o m a s R a y , sent i n a r i o t c a l l a n d sur
r o u n d e d the house w i t h police a n d detec
t i v e s . R a y w a s n o t a l l o w e d to c o m m u n i c a t e
w i t h his f r i e n d s o r a t t o r n e y s f o r two days,
w h e n a r r a n g e m e n t s h a d been a l m o s t com
pleted f o r t u r n i n g h i m over to Sheriff
P l a y e r a n d F a u l k n e r f o r r e t u r n to G e o r g i a .
In the meantime Attorneys Willis and
Hinton, of Detroit, had been retained to defend
Ray.
T h e case also w a s r e p o r t e d to the
D e t r o i t B r a n c h of the N . A . A . C . P . , w h i c h
W.
immediately associated
its a t t o r n e y ,
H a y e s M c K i n n e y , w i t h the t w o l a w y e r s and
s t a r t e d to r a i s e a f u n d f o r the fight to pre
vent R a y ' s e x t r a d i t i o n to G e o r g i a .
C A S E
THE
D e t r o i t B r a n c h h a s been engaged
f o r s e v e r a l m o n t h s i n one of the most
s p e c t a c u l a r a n d i m p o r t a n t e x t r a d i t i o n cases
of r e c e n t y e a r s .
I n J u n e , T h o m a s R a y , a y o u n g colored
man, was living in Wilkinson County,
Georgia. While passing the home of Dewitt
F a u l k n e r , a w h i t e m a n of t h a t c o u n t y , he
w a s c a l l e d i n t o the house b y F a u l k n e r .
W h e n R a y entered the house F a u l k n e r stat
ed t h a t he w a s not i n a good h u m o r a n d
felt like cutting Ray's throat.
R a y ran
f r o m the house a n d w e n t home. K n o w i n g
F a u l k n e r ' s v i c i o u s r e p u t a t i o n i n the c o u n t y
f o r m i s t r e a t m e n t of N e g r o e s , R a y avoided
an encounter w i t h h i m .
A few Sunday
n i g h t s l a t e r F a u l k n e r shot five t i m e s i n t o
R a y ' s home, b a r e l y m i s s i n g R a y ' s w i f e a n d
children. The following m o r n i n g F a u l k n e r
a p p r o a c h e d R a y i n the field w h e r e he w a s
w o r k i n g , t e l l i n g h i m t h a t he r e g r e t t e d h i s
a c t i o n a n d h a d come to apologize. H e t h e n
asked R a y i f he h a d a g u n a n d r e c e i v e d a
negative reply.
F a u l k n e r thereupon drew
his o w n g u n a n d declared t h a t he w a s g o i n g
to k i l l R a y , b u t R a y w h o , i n spite of his
statement did have a weapon, was quicker
a n d , firing five times, k i l l e d F a u l k n e r .
K n o w i n g t h a t he w o u l d be l y n c h e d i f
c a u g h t , R a y escaped f r o m the c o u n t y a n d
succeeded i n r e a c h i n g C a n a d a .
L a t e r he
w e n t to D e t r o i t a n d secured
employment
there.
O n S e p t e m b e r 5, the home o f R a y ' s
brother-in-law, where R a y was l i v i n g , was
r a i d e d s p e c t a c u l a r l y b y t w o officers of the
Police Department
of D e t r o i t , aided b y
116
N.
A. A.
who f o u n d the d e m a n d a n d r e n d i t i o n f o r
e x t r a d i t i o n not i n c o n f o r m i t y to l a w , g r a n t
ed the w r i t o f h a b e a s c o r p u s a n d ordered
the p r i s o n e r released f r o m custody.
The
officers, a c t u a t e d b y the r e w a r d o f $500
w h i c h h a d been offered b y F a u l k n e r ' s f a m
i l y , a t t e m p t e d to r e - a r r e s t R a y on a tele
graphed communication f r o m Georgia stat
ing that a n indictment was being forwarded
W i s h i n g to h a v e the case t h o r
by mail.
o u g h l y a i r e d , the a t t o r n e y s f o r R a y sub
m i t t e d to h i s r e - a r r e s t , a l t h o u g h l e g a l l y he
w a s a free m a n .
A n e w d e m a n d w a s made u p o n G o v e r n o r
Sleeper f o r a new h e a r i n g on the w r i t o f
e x t r a d i t i o n based on the i n d i c t m e n t w h i c h
was held at Lansing on October 20.
Assistant Secretary Walter F. White, of the New
Y o r k office, a p p e a r e d at this h e a r i n g w i t h
the l a w y e r s f o r R a y a n d testified r e g a r d i n g
the vicious conditions in the state of
Georgia and the danger of lynching in the case
of R a y , these f a c t s b e i n g based on p e r s o n a l
i n v e s t i g a t i o n s w h i c h M r . W h i t e h a d made
i n the state.
G o v e r n o r S l e e p e r a g a i n declared t h a t he
s a w no r e a s o n w h y R a y s h o u l d not be re
t u r n e d to G e o r g i a a n d a c c o r d i n g l y g r a n t e d
new extradition papers.
T h e n e x t step w a s the a p p l i c a t i o n f o r a n
other w r i t of habeas corpus i n the C i r c u i t
C o u r t of W a y n e C o u n t y . T h e h e a r i n g on
this application was held on Friday,
November 19, before Judge Goff, being ad
j o u r n e d to T u e s d a y , N o v e m b e r 23.
The
a t t o r n e y s f o r R a y presented on the 2 3 r d a
n u m b e r of witnesses, i n c l u d i n g M r . W h i t e ,
w h o w a s b r o u g h t on f r o m N e w Y o r k , to
p r o v e t h a t R a y c o u l d not be g i v e n a f a i r
t r i a l i n G e o r g i a . J u d g e Goff stated t h a t he
h a d v e r y g r e a t s y m p a t h y f o r R a y ; t h a t he
f e l t t h a t t h e r e w a s d a n g e r of R a y ' s not re
c e i v i n g a f a i r t r i a l , b u t t h a t he c o u l d o n l y
abide b y the C o n s t i t u t i o n a n d refuse the
writ.
J u d g e Goff a l l o w e d considerable l a t i t u d e
i n the g i v i n g of t e s t i m o n y so t h a t the l a w
y e r s f o r R a y c o u l d place sufficient m a t e r i a l
i n the r e c o r d s on w h i c h to base a n a p p e a l
to the S t a t e S u p r e m e C o u r t o f M i c h i g a n ,
a n d a l l o w e d u n t i l D e c e m b e r 13 to file a n ap
There
p e a l to the S t a t e S u p r e m e C o u r t .
the m a t t e r rests. T h e case w i l l be f o u g h t
to t h e l a s t c o u r t of r e s o r t .
T h e D e t r o i t B r a n c h a n d the a t t o r n e y s f o r
R a y are not averse to R a y ' s b e i n g t r i e d , but,
b e i n g convinced t h a t conditions i n the state
117
C. P .
B R A N C H
B O N D
D E F E A T S
ISSUE
118
T H E
c i p i t a t e d a b i t t e r fight w h i c h c u l m i n a t e d
i n the elections of N o v e m b e r 2.
T h e c h a r t e r of the c i t y of L o u i s v i l l e p r o
vides t h a t i n o r d e r to pass a b o n d issue,
t w o - t h i r d s o f a l l the votes cast m u s t be i n
f a v o r of the bonds.
A f t e r h a v i n g given
every
reasonable
opportunity
to
the
sponsors
of the bond issue to
make
provision
for
colored
schools
some
and
a f t e r h a v i n g been u n s u c c e s s f u l i n
s e c u r i n g a n y s u c h p r o v i s i o n , the colored
vote w a s cast s o l i d l y a g a i n s t the bonds. A
t o t a l o f 54,645 votes w a s c a s t ; the affirma
t i v e vote w a s 32,214 w h i l e the n e g a t i v e vote
was 22,431. T h e n e c e s s a r y n u m b e r to se
c u r e passage w a s 36,763 votes, so t h a t the
m a r g i n b y w h i c h the bond issue w a s defeat
ed w a s 4,549.
T h e vote i n the so-called
" b l a c k w a r d s " w a s 12,000 a g a i n s t the bonds,
w h i c h means t h a t the N e g r o v o t e - d e c i s i v e l y
defeated the issue.
A s a r e s u l t of t h i s
achievement, the N e g r o e s of L o u i s v i l l e h a v e
p u t themselves on r e c o r d as b e i n g a unified
g r o u p w h i c h m u s t be r e c k o n e d w i t h a n d
w h i c h w i l l fight r e l e n t l e s s l y the d i s c r i m i n a
t o r y methods used i n d e n y i n g adequate edu
cational institutions for their children.
M r . L o v e t t , w h o w a s most a c t i v e i n the
defeat of the bond issue, w a s l i k e w i s e a
c a n d i d a t e f o r the school b o a r d . T h i s b o a r d ,
w h i c h controls the schools of L o u i s v i l l e , is
composed of five members, c a n d i d a t e s f o r
w h i c h are u s u a l l y selected b y the School
E l e c t i o n L e a g u e . T h e m e m b e r s h i p s of these
e x p i r e at different times. T w o such p o s i
t i o n s w e r e to be filled i n the elections t h i s
y e a r ; since N e g r o e s compose one-fifth of the
p o p u l a t i o n the colored voters f e l t t h a t they
w e r e e n t i t l e d to one m e m b e r s h i p on the
board and nominated M r . Lovett for that
p o s i t i o n . T h i s w a s done a f t e r f o r m e r P o s t
master Robert E . Woods, who had shown a
p a r t i c u l a r l y p r e j u d i c e d a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s col
ored people w h i l e p o s t m a s t e r , h a d an
nounced his c a n d i d a c y as a n independent
c a n d i d a t e . T h e l o c a l w h i t e R e p u b l i c a n lead
ers b i t t e r l y opposed M r . L o v e t t ' s n o m i n a
t i o n , s t a t i n g t h a t i f he w o n , the D e m o c r a t s
w o u l d use the t h r e a t of " N e g r o d o m i n a t i o n "
i n the n e x t election. Offers w e r e m a d e to
M r . L o v e t t to name his o w n p r i c e to w i t h
d r a w , but to his g r e a t a n d e v e r l a s t i n g
c r e d i t , M r . L o v e t t p r o v e d t h a t he w a s n o t
p u r c h a s a b l e and announced t h a t he w a s i n
the race to stay.
T h i s a c t i o n caused c o n s t e r n a t i o n a m o n g
the old line p o l i t i c i a n s . T w e l v e h o u r s before
election M r . W o o d s w i t h d r e w i n o r d e r to
CRISIS
m a k e s u r e the defeat of M r . L o v e t t . I n
s p i t e o f the v i c i o u s t a c t i c s used, M r . L o v e t t
p o l l e d 11,266 votes, b u t w a s defeated. T w o
a c h i e v e m e n t s s t a n d out, W o o d s w a s f o r c e d
to q u i t a n d the b o n d issue w a s k i l l e d . I t is
h i g h l y p r o b a b l e t h a t the N e g r o vote w i l l
n e v e r be d i s r e g a r d e d a g a i n i n L o u i s v i l l e .
T H E
M A U R I C E
M A Y S
C A S E
V I C T O R Y
I N
A R K A N S A S
THE Supreme
Court of Arkansas
has
held that discrimination against
Negroes in the selection of both grand and
petit
juries
is in contravention
of
the
Amendment
and of the.
Civil
Fourteenth
Rights Act of 1875, and it has
consequently
reversed
the decision
of the lower
court
riots
in condemning
to death for the Elaine
Ed Ware, Will Wordlow, Albert Giles, John
Fox, John Martin and Alfred
Banks.
This
is the second time that the court has re
of death passed on
versed
the sentences
these
Negroes.
Death
sentences
on six other
Negroes
Su
which have been affirmed by the State
N. A . A . C . P.
prone
Court loill now probably
be held up
by the Governor
until the present cases are
decided.
Governor
Brough
has made every effort
to hang these Negroes,
even attempting
to
articles
in
influence the court by newspaper
which he cited the various Arkansas
organ
their death.
izations which were demanding
A
L A WM A K I N G
F E D E R A L
L Y N C H I N G
O F F E N S E
119
b r a n c h a n d y o u believe t h a t a b r a n c h c a n
o p e r a t e in y o u r c o m m u n i t y , w i l l y o u not
e s t a b l i s h one there?
A b o v e a l l , w i l l not e v e r y person who reads
t h i s a n d believes i n w h a t the A s s o c i a t i o n
s t a n d s f o r , i f he is not a m e m b e r , send us
his one- o r five- o r t e n - d o l l a r m e m b e r s h i p ?
W e s h a l l w i t h the N e w Y e a r e n t e r upon
a d r i v e f o r a q u a r t e r of a m i l l i o n membERS.
W i t h t h a t n u m b e r we s h o u l d be a n i r r e s i s t i
ble force, able to affect l e g i s l a t i o n , : hie to
b r i n g to the t w e l v e m i l l i o n N e g r o e s of this
c o u n t r y j u s t i c e a n d common h u m a n i t y .
T H E V O T E
THE
BISHOP OF NIGERIA A T T H E U N V E I L I N G
OF T H E A B R A H A M L I N C O L N STATUE,
LONDON, ENGLAND
T H I R T E E N NEGRO
Elected
120
AMERICAN
November 2,
LEGISLATORS
1920
121
THE L o o k i n g G l a s s
LITERATURE
ANISE i n the S e a t t l e , W a s h . ,
Record:
W h e n the S U F F R A G E l a w
Was
Union
passed
A n d the colored w o m e n
impatient.
*
*
*
He shouted: " Y o ' niggers
*
*
*
Get out and stay out!
*
*
*
A n ' i f y o ' don't s t a y out,
*
*
*
D e y ' l l be some B U C K - S H O T
O f the S o u t h
*
*
A n d somebody c r i e d : " W H O
*
*
*
STIRRED U P
*
*
*
And
hunger for
FREEDOM!
Anyway,
T h e y stretched out t h e i r hands
*
*
*
F o r the l i t t l e w h i t e b a l l o t ,
*
*
*
T h e first s l i g h t s i g n
girl,
*
*
Y o ' misponounced two
*
*
Y o ' g i t out o' h e r e !
*
*
Y o ' c a n ' t vote,
B u t I guess i t w a s G O D ,
*
*
*
Or whatever power i t was
O n the second d a y
T h e y were e x a m i n e d
*
*
*
W i t h difficult questions,
On l a w and politics;
*
*
*
T h e y were tested i n r e a d i n g
*
*
*
A n d were yelled at:
T o come a n d r e g i s t e r ? "
*
*
*
A n d nobody told h i m W H O ;
them,
A l l these c o l o r e d w o m e n
W h i l e the w h i t e w o m e n
*
*
*
W e r e called f o r w a r d
*
*
*
A s f a s t as t h e y entered.
*
*
*
B u t s t i l l the colored w o m e n
*
*
*
K e p t on c o m i n g !
K e p t on coming.
To D I S C O U R A G E
M a n y hours in line
"Heah,
B u t s t i l l the c o l o r e d w o m e n
T h e y were k e p t s t a n d i n g
To K E E P you out!"
C a m e o u t to r e g i s t e r
*
*
*
M a n y were the h u m i l i a t i o n s
T h a t met them.
*
O n the first d a y
*
Grew
*
words.
*
T h a t t h e y w h o h a d been
*
*
*
T h e slaves of slaves
*
*
Were self-governing citizens!
A n d S O M E of them
*
*
SUCCEEDED
122
*
*
*
In getting registered,
*
*
*
A n d the o t h e r d a y at e l e c t i o n
time
T H E
L O O K I N G
To
t h r o w the b a l l o t s O U T ,
O n some t e c h n i c a l reasons,
For
f e a r those colored w o m e n
*
*
*
M i g h t r e a l l y come
*
*
*
To B E L I E V E
*
T h a t representative
government
EXISTS
In
America!
I n o u r N o v e m b e r n u m b e r the n a m e E . R .
J a c k s o n as quoted f r o m the Seattle
UnionRecord s h o u l d have been E . R . F r a n k l i n .
GLASS
123
124
T H E
e q u a l l y as w e l l be s a i d t h a t l i k e w i s e i n
the U n i t e d S t a t e s the colored w o m a n pos
sesses t h i s a t t r a c t i o n f o r the w h i t e m a n .
P r o o f o f t h i s is f u r n i s h e d b y the c o n s i d e r
able n u m b e r of m u l a t t o e s .
HAITI
A D M I R A L M A Y S a n d his b o a r d h a v e
concluded t h e i r f a r c e i n P o r t - a u - P r i n c e
w i t h the f i n d i n g t h a t " a l l b u t 10 of the 1 , 1 4 2
H a i t i a n s k i l l e d i n the l a s t t w o y e a r s died i n
W i l b u r Forrest writes in
open b a t t l e . "
Tribune:
the N e w Y o r k
I t is a c e r t a i n t y t h a t the d e p a r t u r e of the
b o a r d of i n q u i r y leaves the s i t u a t i o n m o r e
m u d d l e d t h a n ever.
*
*
*
I t is u n d e r s t o o d t h a t the b o a r d acted on
the i n s t r u c t i o n s o f S e c r e t a r y D a n i e l s . B u t
S e c r e t a r y D a n i e l s r e p r e s e n t s the a t t i t u d e of
a people i n the m a i n h o s t i l e or at best i n
different to the i n t e r e s t s a n d w i s h e s o f a
d a r k race.
Senator
Medill
McCormick,
w h i l e b l a m i n g M r . D a n i e l s , sees the f a u l t of
the A m e r i c a n O c c u p a t i o n o n l y i n i t s m e t h
ods of a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . H e w r i t e s i n The
Nation:
W e h a v e seized c o n t r o l of H a i t i a n d
S a n t o D o m i n g o a n d of t h e i r a d m i n i s t r a t i o n .
Indeed, i n S a n t o D o m i n g o there is not even
a D o m i n i c a n president.
The constitutional
l e g i s l a t u r e s of the two c o u n t r i e s a r e not
f u n c t i o n i n g even b y fiction, as the E g y p t i a n
A s s e m b l y w a s p e r m i t t e d to f u n c t i o n u n d e r
the B r i t i s h o c c u p a t i o n . W e took over the
G o v e r n m e n t of the two c o u n t r i e s b u t i n r e
t u r n set up no r e s p o n s i b l e a u t h o r i t y r e
sponsible i n l a w , r e s p o n s i b l e i n f a c t e i t h e r
to the peoples of the i s l a n d or to p u b l i c
o p i n i o n i n the U n i t e d S t a t e s .
A govern
ment of a n o m a l i e s , s u c h as e x i s t s i n S a n t o
D o m i n g o or H a i t i , one w h i c h l i v e s b y the
v e r y c o n t r a d i c t i o n s of its b e i n g , one w h i c h
asserts the
present
s o v e r e i g n t y of the
q u o n d a m r e p u b l i c s w h i l e i t denies i t s a c t u
a l i t y , o u g h t to be staffed b y able a n d ex
perienced m e n a n d g u i d e d b y a definite
p o l i t i c a l a n d economic p o l i c y . I n H a i t i we
Plenipotentiary, M r .
have
a Minister
B a i l l y - B l a n c h a r d , a n d a fiscal a d v i s e r , M r .
M c l l h e n n y , both o f L o u i s i a n a , both s o c i a l l y
attractive and personally c h a r m i n g , but
how o t h e r w i s e qualified to meet the difficul
ties of t h e i r posts I a m not i n f o r m e d . T h e r e
is besides a n d independent of t h e m , the
C o m m a n d a n t o f M a r i n e s . W h o is respon
sible i n H a i t i , as C r o m e r w a s i n E g y p t , or
as W o o d a n d T a f t were i n C u b a a n d the
P h i l i p p i n e s , or as L y a u t e y w a s i n M o r o c c o ?
W h o i n S a n t o D o m i n g o is r e s p o n s i b l e f o r
a fiscal p o l i c y w h i c h i n a n e r a of e i g h t per
cent i n t e r e s t p r e f e r s to a n t i c i p a t e the p a y
m e n t o f the n a t i o n a l debt i n s t e a d of r e d u c
i n g the b u r d e n o f t a x a t i o n a n d m o r e espe
c i a l l y the D o m i n i c a n t a r i f f ? W h o i n H a i t i
is there who m a y be p u n i s h e d f o r a u t h o r
i z i n g the corvee,
a n d severely p u n i s h e d
CRISIS
t h e r e f o r e , because i t w a s a n e r r o r o f j u d g
m e n t c r i m i n a l i n i t s consequences?
Who
w a s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the w a n t o f a n y com
p r e h e n s i v e a g r i c u l t u r a l p o l i c y i n the two
so-called r e p u b l i c s , f o r the f a i l u r e to t a k e
a d e q u a t e steps to i m p r o v e the l i v e stock of
the i s l a n d o r to i n c r e a s e the n u m b e r s of
swine, cattle, and draft animals?
There
a r e officers i n H a i t i a n d S a n t o D o m i n g o
w h o have f a i l e d i n t h e i r d u t y f r o m i n c o m
petence o r w a n t o f e x p e r i e n c e , a n d I a m
a f r a i d t h e r e a r e o t h e r s w h o h a v e abused
their powers.
B u t the g r o s s f a i l u r e , the
r e a l c u l p a b i l i t y , is t h a t o f the S e c r e t a r y of
the N a v y a n d the P r e s i d e n t o f the U n i t e d
S t a t e s , w h o t o g e t h e r f a i l e d to vest i n a
s i n g l e r e s p o n s i b l e officer i n e a c h of the
c o u n t r i e s the a u t h o r i t y to speak f o r the
U n i t e d S t a t e s i n a l l m a t t e r s , fiscal, m i l i
t a r y , p o l i t i c a l , o r d i p l o m a t i c . . . . W e are
t h e r e a n d i n m y j u d g m e n t w e o u g h t to
stay there for twenty years.
*
*
*
B u t do the H a i t i a n s w a n t us to s t a y there
twenty years?
O r do t h e y w a n t a u t h o r i t y
vested i n a s i n g l e r e s p o n s i b l e officer, or i n -
T H E
L O O K I N G
t a t o r , The Nation m u s t p a r t c o m p a n y w i t h
him.
T h e g r o s s c u l p a b i l i t y , the editors of
The Nation
believe, lies i n the f a c t o f o u r
a l i e n o c c u p a t i o n r a t h e r t h a n i n the d e t a i l s
of D e m o c r a t i c m a l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n .
They
are not c o n v i n c e d t h a t R e p u b l i c a n a d m i n
i s t r a t i o n w i l l solve the p r o b l e m ; t h e y do
not believe t h a t we s h o u l d s t a y i n H a i t i
for t w e n t y y e a r s . N o r c a n they agree w i t h
S e n a t o r M c C o r m i c k ' s d e s c r i p t i o n of the
H a i t i a n s as " p r i m i t i v e A f r i c a n p e a s a n t s
who have m a n a g e d to l i v e a n d to m u l t i p l y
despite the a n a r c h y i n t o w h i c h t h e i r coun
try had fallen." M a n y H a i t i a n s are p r i m i
t i v e , b u t the n a t i o n w h i c h b u i l t the s p l e n d i d
G o t h i c c a t h e d r a l i n P o r t - a u - P r i n c e i n the
years 1903-12 c a n n o t be described as " b a r
barous."
T h e r e has been voodooism i n
H a i t i j u s t as there has been l y n c h i n g a n d
as there is s u p e r s t i t i o n a n d degeneracy i n
p a r t s of the U n i t e d S t a t e s .
T h e r e has been o c c a s i o n a l a n a r c h y i n
H a i t i , b u t n e v e r s u c h g e n e r a l a n a r c h y as
since the A m e r i c a n o c c u p a t i o n ; i t is gen
e r a l l y believed t h a t a t least some of the
H a i t i a n r e v o l u t i o n s w e r e a i d e d by c a p i t a l
f r o m the c i v i l i z e d U n i t e d States.
AS EUROPE SEES US
IN v i e w of the f a c t t h a t t h e r e is t a l k of
s e n d i n g a c o m m i s s i o n f r o m the U n i t e d
S t a t e s to i n v e s t i g a t e B r i t i s h o u t r a g e s i n
Ireland, it is interesting to learn what
England and other countries think of our own
governmental methods. The San
Francisco, Cal., Call and Post says:
Stephen G r a h a m , an E n g l i s h w r i t e r who
has been t r a v e l i n g i n A m e r i c a , f o u n d the
n o r t h e r n a n d e a s t e r n S t a t e s v e r y l i k e his
own c o u n t r y . B u t he f o u n d the S o u t h e r n
States v e r y d i f f e r e n t w i t h t h e i r w a r m ,
l a z y s o c i a l l i f e r e s t i n g on w h a t he calls "the
vast feudalism N e g r o labor." The Negroes
were m o r e i n t e r e s t i n g to h i m t h a n the w h i t e
people, f o r he f o u n d the w h i t e people con
tent a n d N e g r o e s r e s t i v e .
A n d he also l e a r n e d w h y .
W h e n they
t r a v e l t h e y a r e c o m p e l l e d to s i t i n special
coaches.
T h o u g h N e g r o e s m a y have the
money to p a y f o r fine automobiles, agen
cies refuse to s e l l to t h e m s a c r i f i c i n g profit
to p r e j u d i c e .
N e g r o e s are excluded f r o m
C a r n e g i e l i b r a r i e s . N e g r o schools are d i n g y
and ill-equipped and, though Negroes pay
t a x e s , the streets of t h e i r sections are i l l paved and dangerous.
N e g r o e s m a y have
telephones i n t h e i r homes, b u t t h e i r color
is i n d i c a t e d i n the telephone d i r e c t o r y by
a n asterisk.
N e g r o e s are l y n c h e d
and
b u r n e d : w h e n the first c r i m e occurs 1,000
m o r e s u b s c r i b e r s are added to the c i r c u l a
t i o n of T H E C R I S I S , a r a d i c a l , courageous
a n d defiant N e g r o p e r i o d i c a l . T e n t h o u
s a n d n e w s u b s c r i b e r s are supposed to come
w h e n a N e g r o is b u r n e d . . . .
C i r c u m s t a n c e s l i k e these, v i s i b l e to a n y
s t r a n g e r , are not v e r y good t o u r i s t a t t r a c
tions f o r the U n i t e d States. T h e A m e r i c a n
people, s t u m b l i n g a n d g r o p i n g t h r o u g h the
GLASS
125
*
*
An Associated Press despatch from
Moscow shows a knowledge in Russia of
American a f f a i r s :
T h e note sent r e c e n t l y by B a i n b r i d g e
C o l b y , the A m e r i c a n s e c r e t a r y of state, to
the
Italian
Government
regarding
the
R u s s o - P o l i s h s i t u a t i o n , has been m u c h d i s
cussed i n official c i r c l e s .
T h e w r i t e r defends the t h i r d I n t e r n a t i o n
ale as l e g i t i m a t e p r o p a g a n d a , i n no wise
d i f f e r i n g i n methods f r o m the c o u n t e r - p r o p
aganda employed in capitalist countries.
H e r e p u d i a t e s the a c c u s a t i o n t h a t R u s s i a is
governed other t h a n by the w i l l o f the
w o r k e r s , p e a s a n t s a n d soldiers, a n d declares
t h a t the g r e a t A m e r i c a n d e m o c r a c y , " w h i c h
has p r a c t i c a l l y d i s f r a n c h i s e d the N e g r o
masses a n d a r r e s t s a n d persecutes r a d i c a l
p a r t i e s a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n s , " has no r i g h t to
protest a g a i n s t "the b r u t e force o f the
Soviet Government."
T h e late J o h n R e e d at the M o s c o w meet
i n g of the C o m m u n i s t I n t e r n a t i o n a l , w h e r e
both L e n i n e and T r o t z k y spoke, u r g e d the
U n i o n of A m e r i c a n N e g r o e s w i t h the r a d
icals of all nations to further world
sovietism.
D e s c r i b i n g the p o s i t i o n of the N e g r o i n
the U n i t e d States, e s p e c i a l l y i n the S o u t h e r n
States, as " t e r r i b l e , " R e e d declared, the
N e g r o offers a t w o - f o l d o p p o r t u n i t y to the
s p r e a d of c o m m u n i s m i n t h i s c o u n t r y , first,
a s t r o n g r a c e a n d s o c i a l movement, a n d ,
second, a s t r o n g p r o l e t a r i a n
movement.
R a c e consciousness has s t e a d i l y i n c r e a s e d
a m o n g the N e g r o e s , he s a i d , " a c e r t a i n sec
t i o n o f w h o m are n o w c a r r y i n g on a p r o p
a g a n d a i n f a v o r of a n a r m e d r e v o l t a g a i n s t
the w h i t e s , " a n d S o c i a l i s t i c ideas are r a p
i d l y d e v e l o p i n g a m o n g the b l a c k s employed
in i n d u s t r i a l establishments.
W h i t e a n d N e g r o l a b o r i n both the n o r t h
e r n a n d s o u t h e r n p a r t s o f the c o u n t r y m u s t
be j o i n e d i n common l a b o r unions, R e e d
proposed as the q u i c k e s t w a y to d e s t r o y race
prejudice and develop class solidarity.
Until recently, Negroes "were not admitted to
m e m b e r s h i p i n the m a j o r i t y of u n i o n s w h i c h
c o m p r i s e w h a t is k n o w n as the A m e r i c a n
Federation of Labor," he said. "The
Communists must not, however, stand aloof
f r o m the N e g r o m o v e m e n t f o r s o c i a l a n d
p o l i t i c a l e q u a l i t y , w h i c h is d e v e l o p i n g so
rapidly at the present time among the
Negro classes," Reed told the meeting. "
Communists must avail themselves of this move
m e n t i n order to p r o v e the emptiness of
B o u r g e o i s e q u a l i t y a n d the necessity f o r a
s o c i a l r e v o l u t i o n , not o n l y to l i b e r a t e a l l
l a b o r e r s f r o m s l a v e r y , b u t also as b e i n g
the o n l y effective means of l i b e r a t i n g the
oppressed N e g r o people."
The O u t e r P o c k e t
WOOLASTON,
Mass.
HELEN
BUCKMILLER.
C. H . B A R S T O W .
ARTESIA,
New
Mexico.
N e a r here i s a s e t t l e m e n t o f N e g r o e s a
little town called " B l a c k d o m " , consisting of
f a r m e r s w h o h a v e w r e n c h e d e v e r y b i t of
good o u t o f o u r b i t t e r s o i l . T h e y a r e quiet,
good c i t i z e n s a n d m o l e s t nobody. T h e y h a v e
h a d l i t t l e chance f o r the c u l t u r a l t h i n g s o f
l i f e a n d I believe t h e y w o u l d welcome a n
o p p o r t u n i t y to t a k e y o u r p a p e r s a n d m a g a
zines. O f course, t h e y m a y a l r e a d y k n o w
about t h e m . T h e y have a l i t t l e school a n d
a church.
Once i n O m a h a , I h a d a n a r g u m e n t w i t h
a m a n who insisted that a n y woman's life
w a s i n d a n g e r w h o w e n t alone o n the streets
of the c i t y after n i g h t . I m a i n t a i n e d t h a t
the d a n g e r w o u l d be f r o m t h u g s o r m a s h e r s .
I h a v e been accosted b y w h i t e m a s h e r s on
the c i t y streets, b u t I h a v e n e v e r been no
ticed b y N e g r o e s .
I n o r d e r to p r o v e m y
point, I offered to walk the length of
PARIS, France.
I a m l i v i n g w i t h a F r e n c h f a m i l y .and
m y F r e n c h i s i m p r o v i n g r a p i d l y . I a m told
t h a t I a m v e r y f o r t u n a t e as F r e n c h people
do n o t t a k e s t r a n g e r s i n t o t h e i r homes a n d
i f t h e y do t h e y n e v e r see t h e m e x c e p t to p a y
t h e i r b i l l s . I a m t r e a t e d as one o f t h e f a m
i l y and a m taken everywhere they go. The
d a u g h t e r i s m y o w n age a n d i s a m u s i c i a n .
It i s v e r y p l e a s a n t f o r m e .
A f t e r reading " D a r k w a t e r " I know that
y o u u n d e r s t a n d w h a t is i n m y h e a r t a n d
how g l a d I a m to g e t a w a y j u s t f o r a l i t t l e
w h i l e ; a n d to be t r e a t e d as a l i t t l e g i r l to
w h o m e v e r y o n e i s a n x i o u s to be k i n d a n d
not as " a c o l o r e d g i r l w h o t h i n k s she i s as
good as t h e w h i t e g i r l s i n t h e office."
BERTHA
NEW
MOXLEY.
YORK
CITY.
I h a v e j u s t finished r e a d i n g y o u r book
"Darkwater."
I a m t a k i n g a c o p y back
Cummings Street alone after nine o'clock. It is a w i t h m e , f o r I feel t h a t s o m u c h o f w h a t
street u p o n w h i c h a l a r g e n u m b e r o f colored
y o u h a v e s a i d a p p l i e s t o u s w h o a r e a n op
people l i v e , p r e s u m a b l y o f t h e w o r s t class.
pressed people also, a n d I w a n t o u r people
F o r three n i g h t s I w a l k e d home the l e n g t h
to r e a l i z e t h a t to g a i n o u r r i g h t s w e m u s t
of t h i s street, before b o a r d i n g the street j o i n w i t h a l l w h o a r e s i m i l a r l y oppressed,
car f o r Pinckney, and met m a n after m a n
by the same causes.
of the colored race w i t h o u t the s l i g h t e s t
Y o u w i l l be i n t e r e s t e d to h e a r a l i t t l e i n
effort o n h i s p a r t to even t u r n a n d look
cident o n the t r a i n . T h e p o r t e r i n c h a r g e of
a f t e r me.
our c a r w a s a medical student w h o was
R U T H LOOMIS S K E E N .
w o r k i n g h i s w a y t h r o u g h college, a n d he
t o l d m e t h a t y o u r book h a d h e l p e d h i m to
D A Y T O N , Ohio.
see t h i n g s m o r e c l e a r l y , t h a t w h e r e a s be
I am just sad and sick at heart over
fore he w a s conscious o n l y o f a b l i n d h a t r e d
Tuesday's lynchings. Will you
tell
n ome
w why
h e scan't
a w definite g o a l s , a n d definite
a w a y be f o u n d to stop t h i s ? W h a t is i n the causes o p p o s i n g these. H e w a s v e r y i n t e r
w a y o f s t o p p i n g such r u i n o u s b a r b a r i s m ?
ested i n w h a t I t o l d h i m of I n d i a , a n d o u r
W i l l y o u t e l l m e w h a t I c a n do to h e l p stop
common struggle.
it?
LILA SINGH.
126
THE HORIZON
C O M P I L E D
B Y
M A D E L I N E
MUSIC A N D A R T
ETHEL H A R D Y S M I T H , s o p r a n o , a n d
K e m p e r H a r r e l d , violinist, have given
a recital at Morehouse College; F r e d e r i c k
H a l l was accompanist.
C Hazel H a r r i s o n , pianist, and W i l l i a m
Service B e l l , baritone, have appeared i n
D e t r o i t , u n d e r the i E o l i a n C o n c e r t C o u r s e ;
Lornetta Henderson was accompanist.
C T h e P r i n c e o f W a l e s a n d the D u k e of
Y o r k have a t t e n d e d the concerts of the col
ored S o u t h e r n S y n c o p a t e d O r c h e s t r a
at
Philharmonic Hall, London.
The Prince
attended t w i c e d u r i n g one week.
C J u s t i n E l i e , a H a y t i a n p i a n i s t a n d com
poser, has g i v e n a r e c i t a l a t C a r n e g i e H a l l ,
N e w Y o r k C i t y ; he w a s assisted b y M r .
Josef A d l e r .
O n the p r o g r a m of 11 n u m
bers, 8 were c o m p o s i t i o n s o f M . E l i e .
C " A n E v e n i n g W i t h Negro Composers"
has been g i v e n a t T e x a r k a n a , T e x . , b y a
c h o r u s o f 200 d i r e c t e d b y P r o f . H . B . P .
J o h n s o n , of N a s h v i l l e . T h e c o n c e r t w a s re
peated at a w h i t e c h u r c h , F i r s t B a p t i s t ,
marking the first time for a chorus of
A L L I S O N
(1 N e l l i e M o o r e M u n d y a n d M i n n i e B r o w n ,
colored w o m e n of N e w Y o r k , g i v e r e c i t a l s
on Negro music for the Board of
Education. Miss Brown, soprano, is a pupil of
H a r r y A . W i l l i a m s and M r s . M u n d y , pian
ist, is a p u p i l of L e o p o l d W o l f s o h n .
0 I n the H a r d i n g - C o o l i d g e p a r a d e i n N e w
Y o r k C i t y , the b a n d of the colored 15th
Infantry led the Music Publishers'
white
people
were
in
the
au
THE
128
EDUCATION
C H E Y N E YT R A I N I N G S C H O O L F O R
TEACHERS,
at C h e y n e y , P a . , has
been r a i s e d to the s t a t u s of a state n o r m a l
school, w h i c h qualifies its g r a d u a t e s f o r
teachers in the public schools of
Pennsylvania. Leslie Pinckney Hill is principal of
the school.
C S i n c e 1912 the J o h n F . S l a t e r F u n d has
a i d e d i n the e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f 331 c o u n t y
t r a i n i n g schools f o r N e g r o e s a n d p l a c e d
1,890 t e a c h e r s ; t h e r e have been 5,363 p u p i l s
i n h i g h s c h o o l g r a d e s . S a l a r i e s h a v e been
p a i d as f o l l o w s : f r o m p u b l i c t a x funds,
$577,996; t h r o u g h the S l a t e r B o a r d , $170,
483.
S i n c e 1916 the G e n e r a l E d u c a t i o n
B o a r d has a p p r o p r i a t e d $110,381 f o r b u i l d
i n g a n d e q u i p m e n t of these schools.
C I n a contest between the j u n i o r a n d
sophomore hockey teams at Wellesley
College, the sophomore team won with Clarissa
M a e Scott, d a u g h t e r o f E m m e t t J . Scott,
playing "full back".
0 A l i c e M u n d a y , a g r a d u a t e of H o w a r d
U n i v e r s i t y a n d P r a t t I n s t i t u t e , has passed
the e x a m i n a t i o n of the S t a t e B o a r d of
I n d i a n a as S u p e r v i s o r i n D o m e s t i c Science
w i t h an a v e r a g e of 927c. M i s s M u n d a y is
21 years of age and a teacher of the
Vocational
School
at
Gary,
Ind.
G A series o f 14 F r e e P u b l i c L e c t u r e s is
b e i n g conducted at H o w a r d U n i v e r s i t y .
A m o n g the s p e a k e r s are 10 professors, 3
deans a n d P r e s i d e n t J . S t a n l e y D u r k e e .
G T h e Alpha
Kappa
Alpha
Sorority
at
H o w a r d U n i v e r s i t y has been g r a n t e d a so
r o r i t y house on the c a m p u s .
0 M r . R . R . W r i g h t , S r . , has celebrated
50 y e a r s o f e d u c a t i o n a l service.
H e is
president of Georgia State Industrial
College at Savannah.
G I n a contest w i t h p u p i l s f r o m 26 schools
of N e w Y o r k , t w o N e g r o e s , C o u n t i e P o r t e r
Cullen, of DeWitt Clinton, and Alma
Rochford, of Manual Training, were awarded
prizes b y the H i g h S c h o o l P o e t r y S o c i e t y
of N e w Y o r k .
C D r . George W . P r i n c e , a N e g r o s p e c i a l
i s t in diseases o f c h i l d r e n , has r e t u r n e d
from Europe to resume his practice in
Chicago. Dr. Prince is a graduate of
Northwestern University; he pursued post-grad
u a t e s t u d y a t the U n i v e r s i t y o f V i e n n a
f r o m 1914 to 1915, a n d has s p e c i a l i z e d at
the U n i v e r s i t y o f P a r i s .
C F . E . C o r b i e , a N e g r o f r e s h m a n at the
C o l l e g e of the C i t y of N e w Y o r k , is w i n
ner of the h i g h e s t a w a r d in an oratorical
CRISIS
contest.
H i s subject w a s " J u s t i c e to the
N e g r o . " M r . C o r b i e is c a p t a i n of the de
bating team.
C F i v e N e g r o e s h a v e been elected r e g u l a r
teachers i n the p u b l i c schools a t B a l t i m o r e ,
Md.,the
Misses
Leonia
Hall,
Ruth
Brownley, F a n n i e R . Glascoe and Messrs.
W . D e a v e r B r o w n a n d L a w r e n c e Queen.
G T h e C o l o r e d T e a c h e r s ' A s s o c i a t i o n has
Professor
been o r g a n i z e d a t A i k e n , S. C .
A . W . N i c h o l s o n is p r e s i d e n t .
C P r o f e s s o r H a r r y T . P r a t t , p r i n c i p a l of
Benjamin Banneker School at Baltimore,
M d . , has r e t u r n e d to the U n i t e d States
after several months' study i n P a r i s .
C A n A l u m n i Association of Bordentown
I n d u s t r i a l S c h o o l has been f o r m e d , w i t h
the R e v . J . F r a n k l i n J o n e s as president.
C After examination of 518 students,
Elliot Douglass, a Negro, has been placed on
the J u d g i n g T e a m of five m e m b e r s w h o w i l l
represent Ohio State University at the
International Live Stock Exposition in
Chicago.
G T h r o u g h Y . M . C . A . o r g a n i z a t i o n s and
the I n t e r - r a c i a l C o m m i t t e e o f K e n t u c k y ,
H o w a r d U n i v e r s i t y has been a w a r d e d 55
s c h o l a r s h i p s , a m o u n t i n g to $4,465, f r o m 19
s t a t e s ; the F e d e r a l B o a r d f o r V o c a t i o n a l
E d u c a t i o n has p r o v i d e d f o r the t r a i n i n g of
58 s t u d e n t s i n the college, m u s i c , architec
t u r e , l a w , d e n t a l a n d m e d i c a l departments.
G G . C a l l o w a y has
played
t a c k l e on
Columbia
University's Varsity
Eleven.
C John
Shelbourne
Dartmouth's
Negro
f o o t b a l l f u l l back,
has gone to Seattle,
Wash.,
with
the
team. In the
Dartmouth
Brown
game,
Dartmouth
won
by
a
14-6
G.
C A L L O W A Y
score, with
Shelbourne
making
the
first
6
points.
G Howard
h a s h a d the c h a m p i o n football
t e a m a m o n g colored schools, h a v i n g defeat
ed S h a w , V i r g i n i a N o r m a l a n d I n d u s t r i a l ,
West V i r g i n i a Collegiate, Union, H a m p t o n
a n d L i n c o l n ; she w a s scored a g a i n s t but
once, b y V i r g i n i a N o r m a l a n d I n d u s t r i a l .
West Virginia
Collegiate
Institute
stands
second, h a v i n g p l a y e d 6 games, d e f e a t i n g
Louisville, Bluefield, V i r g i n i a N o r m a l and
129
T H E HORIZON
T H E
H O W A R D - L I N C O L N
I n d u s t r i a l a n d W i l b e r f o r c e . a n d b e i n g de
feated by H o w a r d .
Talladega
apparently
stands next, h a v i n g defeated M i l e s , C l a r k ,
Atlanta, Florida and Tuskegee; only
Atlanta and Florida scored. Hampton played 5
games, w i n n i n g 2 f r o m V i r g i n i a N o r m a l
and I n d u s t r i a l a n d L i n c o l n , a n d b e i n g
defeated b y S h a w , H o w a r d and
Union.
Virginia
Union defeated St. P a u l , M o r g a n ,
Morehouse a n d H a m p t o n , a n d w a s defeated
by Greensboro a n d H o w a r d . Fish
defeated
Knoxville, Kentucky State, Lane, Rust,
Kentucky and Tuskegee, and was defeated by
Morehouse. Shaw defeated Hampton,
Virginia
Normal
and
Industrial,
Greensboro
a n d B i d d l e , a n d w a s defeated b y H o w a r d
a n d L i n c o l n . Colleges not l i s t e d above have
f a i l e d to a n s w e r o u r i n q u i r i e s .
MEETINGS
THE Delta Sigma
Theta Sorority
will
hold its annual convention at
Wilberforce,
Ohio,
December
28-30.
w i l l h o l d its
C Omega Psi Phi Fraternity
9th a n n u a l c o n v e n t i o n D e c e m b e r 27-30 at
Fisk University and Meharry Medical
College, Nashville, Tenn.
C T h e a n n u a l c o n v e n t i o n of the Alpha
Phi
w i l l be held D e c e m b e r 27
Alpha Fraternity
31 at K a n s a s C i t y , M o . T h e f r a t e r n i t y has
and
1,200
900 u n d e r g r a d u a t e members
g r a d u a t e m e m b e r s . A r e d u c e d r a t e of 1 1/3,
r o u n d t r i p f a r e , has been g r a n t e d b y r a i l
roads on the " C e r t i f i c a t e P l a n . "
Norman
L. McGhee, Howard University,
Washington,
D.
C,
is
secretary.
C T h e 36th a n n u a l session o f the C o l o r e d
T e a c h e r s ' S t a t e A s s o c i a t i o n has convened
at H o u s t o n , T e x . T h e o r g a n i z a t i o n has 366
members.
M r . A . E . H o l l a n d , p r i n c i p a l of
L i n c o l n H i g h S c h o o l , at P a l e s t i n e , T e x . , is
president.
C The Georgia State Baptist Convention
G A M E
130
THE
ored w o m e n i n P h i l a d e l p h i a , w h i c h is the
f o u r t h to be erected w i t h i n a y e a r ; the
other b u i l d i n g s are located i n N e w Y o r k
City, Washington, D . C , and L i t t l e Rock,
A r k . T h e Y . W . C . A . a t the b e g i n n i n g o f
the w a r h a d 16 centers f o r colored g i r l s ; i t
n o w has 58 centers w i t h a m e m b e r s h i p of
over 50,000, o f w h o m 2,000 are g i r l s o f
high school age who belong to the Girl
Reserves.
G T h e N a t i o n a l W a r R e l i e f C o m m i t t e e has
g i v e n $5,000 to the C i r c l e f o r N e g r o W a r
Relief.
C Harold E . Simmelkjaer, a Negro in New
Y o r k C i t y , h a s been a w a r d e d a v e r d i c t of
$50 a g a i n s t K e i t h ' s A l h a m b r a T h e a t r e f o r
discrimination.
G C o l o r e d n u r s e s have been i n s t a l l e d i n the
colored section of the C o u n t y H o s p i t a l at
Macon, Ga.
C I n the D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a d u r i n g the
week e n d i n g O c t o b e r 30, 38 N e g r o e s died,
w h i l e b i r t h s t o t a l e d 4 6 ; a m o n g w h i t e people
there were 62 deaths a n d 98 b i r t h s .
O N e g r o e s at M o n t g o m e r y , A l a . , have suf
fered a p r o p e r t y loss o f $100,000 t h r o u g h
" n i g h t r i d e r s " ; 3 N e g r o e s have been k i l l e d
a n d 11 a r r e s t e d i n a n effort to check a n
"uprising".
C M r s . A . L . T u r n e r , a colored w o m a n , has
been elected a m e m b e r of the C i t y B o a r d of
D i r e c t o r s of the D e t r o i t Y . W . C . A . O t h e r
cities h a v i n g colored r e p r e s e n t a t i o n on t h e i r
boards are N e w Y o r k and P h i l a d e l p h i a .
G The Herndon Social Center and D a y
N u r s e r y has been opened i n A t l a n t a , G a .
M r . H e r n d o n , a N e g r o , at a cost of $10,000
p u r c h a s e d p r o p e r t y a n d e q u i p m e n t f o r the
project w h i c h he has deeded to the G a t e
C i t y F r e e K i n d e r g a r t e n A s s o c i a t i o n ; he has
also assumed the s a l a r y of a w o r k e r .
G Philip A . Armstead, a Negro in New
Y o r k C i t y , has passed the p h y s i c a l e x a m
i n a t i o n f o r p a t r o l m a n w i t h 1009o. H e is
5 feet 1 1 % inches a n d w e i g h s 180 pounds.
G W i t h the d i s m i s s a l of the officers i n
c h a r g e of cadets at H o w a r d and H a m p t o n ,
the l a s t o f the colored A . E . F . officers have
been dismissed f r o m the U . S. A r m y .
THE CHURCH
MR. N . B . D O D S O N , S u p e r i n t e n d e n t of
the S u n d a y S c h o o l of C o n c o r d B a p t i s t
C h u r c h , B r o o k l y n , N . Y . , has r e t i r e d a f t e r
28 years of service. M r . D o d s o n received
$100, the g i f t of the c h u r c h , and a gold
w a t c h and c h a i n f r o m the S u n d a y S c h o o l .
C A t Union Baptist Church, Baltimore,
CRISIS
M d . , the 4 8 t h a n n i v e r s a r y o f D r . H a r v e y
J o h n s o n , as p a s t o r , has been celebrated.
G St. P h i l i p s P r o t e s t a n t E p i s c o p a l C h u r c h
i n N e w Y o r k C i t y h a s c e l e b r a t e d its 100th
anniversary.
T h e R e v . H . C . B i s h o p has
served as r e c t o r f o r 40 y e a r s . T h e c h u r c h
has 2,500 c o m m u n i c a n t s a n d $8,000,000 i n
r e a l estate.
C T h e 91st a n n i v e r s a r y o f F i f t h
Street
B a p t i s t C h u r c h i n L o u i s v i l l e , K y . , a n d the
34th a n n i v e r s a r y o f its p a s t o r , D r . J o h n H .
F r a n k , h a v e been c e l e b r a t e d .
G St. M a r k s Methodist E p i s c o p a l Church
i n N e w Y o r k C i t y d u r i n g O c t o b e r h a d an
o f f e r i n g of $10,000; a t a S u n d a y e v e n i n g
r a l l y s e r v i c e , $9,092 i n c a s h w a s r a i s e d . A
new edifice w i t h a s e a t i n g c a p a c i t y of 2,000,
a p a r i s h house a n d a p a r s o n a g e have been
c o n t r a c t e d f o r i n H a r l e m , o n Edgecombe
avenue. T h e p r o p e r t y is 34 feet i n the rear,
67 feet f r o n t a n d 200 feet deep. T h e Rev.
W i l l i a m H . B r o o k s is p a s t o r .
POLITICS
T H O U G H he w a s defeated, M r . J . H .
B l o u n t , the N e g r o a t L i t t l e R o c k , A r k . ,
who r a n f o r G o v e r n o r , o u t r a n h i s l i l y - w h i t e
opponent two-to-one to ten-to-one i n some
c e n t e r s ; i n P u l a s k i a n d Jefferson counties
he w a s r e t u r n e d w i n n e r b y a decided m a j o r
ity.
G At Brooklyn, 111., Negroes cast 641
Republican votes and one Democratic vote.
G M r . H . E . S c o t l a n d , a N e g r o , has been
elected f o r a t e r m of 5 y e a r s as J u s t i c e at
Irvington, N . J .
M r . S c o t l a n d has been
J u s t i c e o f the P e a c e f o r 16 y e a r s .
C D r . D a r r i n g t o n W e a v e r , a N e g r o a t St.
L o u i s , M o . , h a s been a p p o i n t e d post-mortem
p h y s i c i a n i n the office of C o r o n e r E d w a r d
R i c h t e r , elected on the R e p u b l i c a n ticket.
D r . W e a v e r , who is 31 y e a r s of age a n d a
g r a d u a t e of M e h a r r y M e d i c a l C o l l e g e , 1914,
w i l l receive a s a l a r y o f $5,000 per y e a r .
CRIME
following lynchings have
taken
place since o u r l a s t r e c o r d :
Johnson C i t y , Tenn., October 28Cooksey
D a l l a s ; r e f u s a l to s e l l w h i s k e y to w h i t e
soldiers.
Ococee, F l a . , N o v e m b e r 2 J u l y P e r r y
a n d others, shot a n d b u r n e d ; w o u n d i n g an
officer a t r e g i s t r a t i o n booth w h e r e P e r r y was
refused a b a l l o t .
Tylertown, Miss., November
6Harry
Jacobs; assaulting a farmer.
Bristol, V a . , November 18Dave H u n t ;
assaulting white woman.
THE
THE
D o u g l a s , G a . , N o v e m b e r 18 M i n n i e
I v o r y , W i l l I v o r y , W i l l P e r r y ; accused o f
c o l l u s i o n i n the m u r d e r of a p l a n t e r .
INDUSTRY
C H A R L E S G A N T , a N e g r o l a b o r e r at
C a r b o n d a l e , 111., has e a r n e d $148 f o r 6
days' labor. The work was that of c a r r y i n g
5,927 ties, w e i g h i n g 150 pounds each, a d i s
tance o f f r o m 10 to 45 feet. H e w o r k e d 9
h o u r s a d a y a n d c a r r i e d over 100 ties p e r
hour.
C T h e D e p a r t m e n t o f the I n t e r i o r has ap
p r o v e d p l a n s b y M r . W . T . B a i l e y , a colored
a r c h i t e c t a t M e m p h i s , T e n n . , f o r the $200,
000 P y t h i a n B a t h h o u s e a n d S a n i t a r i u m a n d
the $125,000 W o o d m e n of U n i o n B a t h h o u s e
a n d S a n i t a r i u m at H o t S p r i n g s , A r k . M r .
B a i l e y w a s a w a r d e d the degree of M a s t e r of
Architecture from the University of
Illinois in 1910; for 9 years he was head of the
Architecture Department at Tuskegee
Institute; he now has more than a million dollars
w o r t h o f b u i l d i n g s u n d e r p l a n a n d i n the
course o f c o n s t r u c t i o n .
G J . F r a n c e s R i c k a r d s , a N e g r o at D e t r o i t ,
M i c h . , has been r e t i r e d b y the P o s t Office
D e p a r t m e n t a f t e r 40 y e a r s o f c o n t i n u o u s
service. Mr. Rickards is Supreme
Sovereign Grand Commander
Masonic Jurisdiction.
of
the
131
HORIZON
Northern
THE
132
CRISIS
C h e s t a n d financed t h r o u g h its g e n e r a l b u d
get.
C D e p r e s s i o n i n i n d u s t r y caused b y p o s t - w a r
r e a d j u s t m e n t is r e s u l t i n g i n the d i s m i s s a l
of l a r g e n u m b e r s of N e g r o w o r k e r s a l o n g
w i t h white workers. The i n d u s t r i a l depart
m e n t s o f the U r b a n L e a g u e s of C h i c a g o ,
Milwaukee, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh,
Philadelphia, A t l a n t a , N e w Y o r k , Boston,
a n d N e w a r k are e s p e c i a l l y b u r d e n e d w i t h
the p r o b l e m s of u n e m p l o y m e n t at t h i s time.
T h e y are h o l d i n g n o o n - d a y a n d e v e n i n g
meetings o f g r o u p s of employees i n a n effort
to s t i m u l a t e p r o d u c t i o n a n d i n c r e a s e d effici
ency as a m e a n s of k e e p i n g the men on t h e i r
jobs.
PERSONAL
THE late Mr. J. C. Harrington, of
Osborne, N. C, was an agent of the North
Carolina M u t u a l Life Insurance Company,
a n d w r o t e $100,000 w o r t h o f i n s u r a n c e f o r
them.
C S c i p i o Y o u n g , a N e g r o 101 y e a r s of age,
is dead at K a n e , P a . H e leaves a n estate
v a l u e d at $50,000, w h i c h is w i l l e d to his 6
children.
O J o h n C . D a n c y , f o r m e r R e c o r d e r of Deeds
at W a s h i n g t o n , D . C , is dead.
C C h a r l e s R . D o u g l a s s , the o n l y s u r v i v i n g
son of Frederick Douglass, is dead at
Washington, D. C.
C B i s h o p E v a n s T y r e e , of the A . M . E .
C h u r c h , is dead a t N a s h v i l l e , T e n n .
(I T h e 4 sons of J o h n H . S e l b y , a N e g r o at
S e a f o r d , D e l . , took out $10,000 each i n w a r
r i s k i n s u r a n c e ; the 4 men were k i l l e d a n d
M r . S e l b y is beneficiary to $40,000 w o r t h of
G o v e r n m e n t i n s u r a n c e , w h i c h is p a i d to h i m
at a r a t e of $200 per m o n t h .
FOREIGN
THE Honorable Hector A. Josephs, a
Negro, has been appointed Assistant
Attorney General of Jamaica by Lord Milner.
M r . Josephs w a s educated at Y o r k C a s t l e
a n d at C a m b r i d g e a n d L o n d o n U n i v e r s i t i e s .
C W h e n the 372nd colored I n f a n t r y left
F r a n c e , a s u m of m o n e y w a s collected a m o n g
the men a n d g i v e n to G e n e r a l Q u i l l e t f o r
the e r e c t i o n of a shaft i n m e m o r y o f t h e i r
f a l l e n comrades. A t M o n p h o i s , on October
25, a stone monument was dedicated.
Cardinal Coadjutor Nevu of Rheims celebrated
mass on the field.
ADVERTISER
Agents Wanted
Subscribers
Wanted
Sample copies sent on request.
D u B o i s and D i l l , Publishers
2 West 13th St., New York, N.Y.
THE
Crisis
Calendar
1921
C o n t a i n s excerpts from the
w r i t i n g s o f foremost a u t h o r s
of t h e N e g r o r a c e .
T h e r e is a c o v e r p i c t u r e b y
Battey.
Price 50 cents
THE
CRISIS
ADVERTISER
"1920
T h e S o u t h e r n A i d S o c i e t y of
V a . , Inc., has striven d u r i n g
1920, as a l w a y s h e r e t o f o r e , to
render to its policyholders a
superior service d u r i n g sick
ness, a c c i d e n t s a n d t h e d a r k
hour of death.
A s a result of
i t s efforts to k e e p f a i t h w i t h t h e
people, the society has done a
larger a n d more satisfactory
b u s i n e s s d u r i n g 1920 t h a n ever
before.
T h e r e f o r e a t t h i s j o y o u s sea
s o n o f t h e y e a r w e first g i v e
thanks to H i m f r o m w h o m Com
eth a l l g o o d t h i n g s ; then to the
g o o d p e o p l e w h o h a v e so w i l l
i n g l y and consistently entrust
ed t o o u r care a n d k e e p i n g t h e
sacred duty of protecting their
firesides i n t h e t i m e o f s i c k n e s s ,
a c c i d e n t s a n d d e a t h ; a n d last,
b u t n o t least, to t h a t b a n d o f
ever f a i t h f u l c o - w o r k e r s o u r officers, s u p e r i n t e n d e n t s , a g e n t s
and clerksfor their loyal devotion to the interests of both
the p o l i c y h o l d e r s a n d t h e S o c i e t y .
T h e success o f 1920 i n s p i r e s a n d p r e p a r e s us f o r b i g g e r
a n d b e t t e r s e r v i c e d u r i n g 1921.
I f you l i v e i n V i r g i n i a y o u s h o u l d h a v e t h e s u p e r i o r p r o
t e c t i o n p r o v i d e d only b y t h e u n m a t c h e d p o l i c y o f t h e
A N D BOARD
O F DIRECTORS
B. A . C E P H A S , 3rd VicePres.
A.
WASHINGTON
W . E . B A K E R , Treas.
C. N . J A C K S O N
B. L . J O R D A N , Sec.
W. E. R A N D O L P H
W. A . J O R D A N ,
Asst.
Sec.
Mention
T H E CRISIS.
133
134
THE
CRISIS
ADVERTISER
W E W A N T YOU
W e are literally searching the country for men
big enough to share their burdens and shoulder
responsibilities.
Not necessarily brilliant, but
sound, thinking men, who have grasped the
fundamental principles of Life Insurance; who
see it as the ultimate salvation of the race;
who can develop their ability to manage.
M a k e up your mind right now to acquire that
broad mastery of business as applied in modern
Life Insurance.
T h e n write to:
W m . H. K I N G ,
STANDARD
Director of Agencies,
LIFE INSURANCE
Atlanta,
Mention
COMPANY,
Georgia.
T H E
CRISIS,
THE
CRISIS
ADVERTISER
Soothing the
" after-smart ofshaving
Madam C J. Walker's
Mention
T H E CRISIS.
135
THE
136
CRISIS
ADVERTISER
MISS M A D E L I N E A L L I S O N
SHOPPER
H A V E y o u e v e r s h o p p e d b y m a i l ? I t is
easier a n d m o r e s a t i s f a c t o r y t h a n y o u
think. If y o u w i s h a n y of the articles listed
b e l o w , w r i t e m e a n d let m e e x p l a i n p r i c e s a n d
d e s c r i p t i o n s , q u a l i t i e s , etc.
K i d g l o v e s , $2.75-$3.39; c o t t o n , w o o l e n a n d suede,
W o o l e n underwear,
$i.49-$4.25 each.
A p r o n s and
P h i l i p p i n e e m b r o i d e r e d chemise a n d g o w n s , $4.42-55.85 e a c h ; m u s l i n
c h e m i s e a n d gowns, 5!-39-$3- 5 e a c h ; petticoats, $i.49~$3.89; d r a w e r s ,
$ . 9 8 - $ i . i 9 ; corset covers, $1.25-$:.49.
2
ladies' 512.00
shoes,
$4.68-$9.88;
men's,
$3.50-511.50;
children's,
$1.59
MISS M A D E L I N E A L L I S O N
R o o m 622, 70 F i l t h A v e n u e
(Refers
by
permission
Mention
NEW YORK, N. Y.
to
the
T H E
E d i t o r of
CRISIS.
the
Crisis.)
T H E CRISIS
137
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ON VERY
EASY TERMS
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A C T N O W B E F O R E IT'S T O O L A T E !
D o n ' t treat this a n n o u n c e m e n t l i g h t l y because w e
m e a n e v e r y w o r d of" i t . T h e r e m a i n i n g n u m b e r o f
l o t s s e t a s i d e f o r t h i s p r o j e c t w i l l s o o n be a l l s o l d
w h i c h means that o n l y those w h o act q u i c k l y w i l l
be a b l e t o g e t t h e m .
B e a r i n m i n d that w e plant. F I V E H I G H
GRADE
F R U I T T R E E S o n each o f these lots a n d take
care o f t h e m f o r F O U R Y E A R S W I T H O U T E X
T R A COST.
W h e n the trees c o m e into c o m m e r c i a l
bearing
they
should
earn
you
EXCELLENT
Y E A R L Y RETURNS O X YOUR
INVESTMENT
W I T H O U T A N Y EFFORT O NYOUR
PART.
T h e l o t s a r e s i z e 30 x 144 feet a n d h a v e p l e n t y
of r o o m f o r a house, g a r d e n , c h i c k e n y a r d , shed,
etc., b e s i d e s t h e r o o m t a k e n u p b y t h e f r u i t tree-'.
Each l o t is G U A R A N T E E D T O E E H I G H A N D
DRY UNDER A MONEY BACK GUARANTEE,
a n d the title to the property is A B S O L U T E L Y
CLEAR.
It is c o n v e y e d b y W A R R A N T Y
w i t h o u t e x t r a cost.
DEED
A l l those w h o v i s i t e d O r c h a r d v i l l e w e r e s o w e l l
pleased w i t h e v e r y t h i n g that o n their r e t u r n they
e i t h e r p u r c h a s e d m o r e l o t s t h e m s e l v e s or a d v i s e d
t h e i r f r i e n d s t o d o so, p r o v i n g t h a t t h e y f o u n d
conditions e x a c t l y as represented b y u s .
T h e t e r m s a r e o n l y $3.00 a m o n t h o n o n e l o t .
Smaller terms when more than one are purchased
NO INTEREST.
W e have a beautiful booklet
that gives a l l t h e details &f this offer, also o n e
that contains a n u m b e r o f letters f r o m people w h o
visited
Orchardville.
Send
for your
copies*
TODAY.
S i m p l y w r i t e y o u r n a m e a n d address o n the c o u p o n
below a n d mail it R I G H T A W A Y .
Don't wait
b e c a u s e the l i m i t e d n u m b e r o f l o t s m a k e s i t a
case o f F I R S T C O M E F I R S T
SERVED.
Address
CHICAGO, ILL.
WRITE
ARENSON R E A L T Y
Chicago, 111.
PLAINLY
D E V ' P T . CORP.
Date
, 1921
Gentlemen:
I am interested in your Orchardville offer and would like to receive a copy of each of
your booklets without any obligation to me.
Name
Address
Town
CRI-1-21
State.
Mention
T H E
CRISIS.
THE
138
30-DAY
SYSTEM
Positions
CRISIS A D V E R T I S E R
RATIONAL
Secured
61 H a m i l t o n Place,
DERRICK
BUSINESS
The
The
S C H O O L
TOUCH
OFFICE
We
are n o w
BUILDING.
in
TYPEWRITING
TRAINING
O U R
O W N N E W
Spacious
class
rooms
equipped
e v e r y m o d e r n office d e v i c e .
Derrick
Students learn
quickly
earn w h i l e they are learning.
ENROLL
to
School of Results
Only One of Its K i n d
SHORTHAND
BOOK-KEEPING
with
and
IMMEDIATELY
insure
Class
LIVING
New Y o r k , N . Y .
Placement
"The
Newspaper
of t h e
Hour"
for
Catalog
14
Fall
1514
Full
Term.
information
of
Featuring
Less C r i m e
Less Scandal
P I N E ST., P H I L A D E L P H I A , P A .
M . J . D E R R I C K , Prin. &
Mgr.
M O R E S U B S T A N T I A L N E W S B e l t e r Written
The
Stenographers'
Shorthand,
Bookkeeping,
Institute
Typewriting,
Commercial L a w
E d w a r d T . D u n c a n , P r e s . , 1 2 2 7 S. 1 7 t h S t . , P h i l a , P a .
ACT
QUICK
Snap op this profit smashing
bargain now. S E N D N O
M O N E Y , just your name, address, size and color.
We will send you delivery charges paid, 6 pairs of
the swell est heavy weight brown or clack genuine
duo-web mens* silk socks, worth $1.00 each.
SEND NO MONEY
S P a i r s of S i l k
S o c k s - G u a r . $6
Value
SAMPLE
COPY
FREE
S u b s c r i p t i o n : $1.50 p e r Y e a r
NEW
YORK
DISPATCH
21 W . 134th S t r e e t , N e w Y o r k , N . Y .
AGENTS
WANTED
EVERYWHERE
EXTRA
QUALITY
-SILK
:-: R E C I T A L S
1515 S. W o o d s t o c k
St.
Philadelphia, P a .
Bell Telephone Dickinson 4140 R
6 prs. $3.19
Also
Fearless E d i t o r i a l s
A W o m a n ' s Page
L i v e S p o r t i n g and
Theatrical N e w s
delivered Free
CHICAGO
TWO
NO
G R E A T B O O K S for $2.50
LIBRARY COMPLETE WITHOUT T H E M
(1)
T h e H i s t o r y of t h e N e g r o R a c e a n d N e g r o Soldiers In t h e
S p a n i s h - A m e r i c a n W a r , D a t i n g B a c k to E g y p t a n d the
P h a r o a s 1 0 0 pages, 50 i l l u s t r a t i o n s .
(Retails alone for
$1.25.)
W a s a d o p t e d as a t e x t b o o k b y N o r t h
Carolina
State B o a r d of E d u c a t i o n .
(2)
Just
Think,
only
$2.60 f o r these
two great
books.
E . A . J O H N S O N , 17 W e s t 132ND S t r e e t , N E W Y O R K ,
MentionTHECRISIS
N.Y.
THE
CRISIS
ADVERTISER
ESTABLISHED
139
1900
INVESTMENTS
CONSERVATIVE
SMALL
A N D PROFITABLE
INVESTORS.
FREE
INVESTMENTS
M A R K E T
HENRY
L E T T E R
FOR LARGE
ON
A N D
APPLICATION.
SACHS
(Formerly of Boston)
Member, N . A . A . C . P .
C.
FIRST
NATIONAL
M . B A L K A M
B A N K
References
M . A .
BUILDING,
furnished
from
various
BE INDEPENDENT!
Own a farm and enjoy the independent life of
the modern farmer. Get away from the tur
moil of the city, the strikes, the lay-offs and
the high cost of living. If you act
QUICKLY
you can secure a Woodville country estate
consisting of 10, 20 or 40 acres in a fine lo
cation in Michigan, for only
$32.50
per Acre
F R E E T O W N L O T with each 10 acre tract,
also a S P E C I A L A D V E R T I S I N G DISCOUNT
to those who act A T ONCE.
The tract is
well located, right on a railroad, with the
station right there.
The land is high and
dry and sold under a M O N E Y - B A C K GUAR
ANTEE.
The T I T L E
IS
ABSOLUTELY
C L E A R and is conveyed by W A R R A N T Y
D E E D W I T H O U T E X T R A COST.
Send for
our beautiful booklet and get all the details
without any obligation on your part. Simply
ask for a W O O D V I L L E booklet and mention
the Crisis. Send for it T O D A Y because the
tracts are GOING F A S T . Address
Send No Money
Snap this bargain up right now before it is too
late. Only limited quantity. Amazing underwear
bargain. Greatest offer ever made. T w o G u a r
a n t e e d $ 4 E a c h , W o o l Union s u i t s , $ 5 . 7 5 .
S a v e b i g m o n e y o n y o u r underwear. Send
postcard or letter today this very minute, for
these2 beautiful perfect fitting heavy weight gray
elastic rib union suits. Full cut. Seams reinforced
and overcast. S e n d N o Moneypay only $5.75
on arrival, no more; we pay delivery charges.
We
sections
m o n e y if you can
match these 2 wonderful wool union suits for
$8.00. Order this amazing bargain this minute
before it is too late. Just give name, address
and breast measure.
D e p t . V 044
900
of the United
COLORADO
States.
WANTED
WANTED
Live Agents
A t Once To Sell
116 S O U T H
& COMPANY
ST.,
YOUR
MUSKOGEE.
VACATION
O K L
AT
Beautiful Idlewild
The most wonderfully Ideal spot where young a n d
old cast aside for the time a l l the cares a n d worries
of their strenuous, nerve-racking routine lire* a n d
romp a n d play once more as children a n d enjoy to the
full nature i n a l l her wondrous glory. T h e waters of
the lake and surrounding trout streams are fairly
teeming w i t h game fish of the best varieties.
Do y o u enjoy bathing, boating, fishing, hunting?
Do you enjoy roaming through the woods picking
w i l d flowers a n d w i l d berries T
Do you want a place to go where you can b u i l d up
your health, vitality, energy a n d business efficiency T
Do you enjoy m i n g l i n g w i t h the active, thinking,
progressive people of the daypeople who do things T
Do you believe In progress a n d do y o u want to *
have a part In one of the most progressive move
ments of the time? Surely I
Then you w i l l be Interested In, and want to
own a lot of your own In B e a u t i f u l Idlewild
Michigan. I f you act at once you can Be
nin) a beautiful lot for only I 3 5 . M each;
$6.00 cash; $1.00 per week. When your
payments are completed the lot w i l l b i
transferred to you by an absolute
warranty deed w i t h abstract show
ing clear title.
W V a n Buren, Chicago
Mention T H E
MAIN
SPEND
G u a r a n t e etorefundyour
BERNARD HEWITT
SPRINGS,
ON V E R Y EASY T E R M S
E S M I O L
COLORADO
Crisis
T H E CRISIS A D V E R T I S E R
140
Cleota J . Collins
Lyric
Soprano
''Judging
from
the
appear
ance of a large n u m b e r of
m u s i c lovers, her sweet lyric
voice held
them
ipellbound.
She was applauded again and
again after each n u m b e r . "
Boston
G E N U I N E $12.00 I M P O R T E D
VELOUR
HAT
$6.89
Delivered
Stunning,
Free
Stylish
Hat
Chronicle.
Address:
156
HAMILTON
COLUMBUS,
AVENUE,
OHIO
FULL OF JAZZ
AND PEP
Clarence C a m e r o n White
BECOMING
TO Y O U N G
AND
OLD
Violinist
$12
W r i t e quick
for
this amazing
bar
gain. Only limited
lot. Wonderful quality, imported velour,
record-breaking cot
Studio:
616 Columbus Avenue
PAY ON
ARRIVAL
ONLY
J6.89
FOR
THIS
GREAT
Boston, Mass.
SEND
E. ALDAMA JACKSON
Graduate of Institute of Musical Art
Organist-Director
of M u s i c
of St. M a r k s M . E .
Church;
Concert
Accompanist;
Piano,
Voice,
Theory, Instruction, Conducting,
Coaching.
H a r m o n y t a u g h t f r o m b e g i n n i n g to c o m
pletion.
Private or correspondence.
Geothius system.
Studio:
250 W . 1 3 8 t h
St., N e w Y o r k ,
N. Y .
T e l e p h o n e M o r n i n g s i d e 1708.
HAT
NO
MONEY
9 0 0 W . V a n B u r e n S t . , C h i c a g o , ILL.
You Darktown
I'm
E a r l y M o r n i n ' Blues
Regimental
Band
G o i n ' B a c k T o M y Use T o Be
Y o u C a n ' t Keep A G o o d M a n D o w n
Blind
M a n Blues
Lonesome R o a d
Blues
Agents: Williams & Piron, 4404 So. State St., C H I C A G O , 111., or Pace
& Handy, 232 W . 46th St., N E W Y O R K , N . Y . , or sent direct from
our plant. Order today or send for general Bulletin.
OWENS PLAYER
Dept. 1 0 5
ROLL
C O M P A N Y , INC.
KANSAS CITY, M O .
REFERENCE:
DUNN
Mention
T H E
OR
CRISIS.
BRADSTREET
THE
CRISIS
141
ADVERTISER
Made to Measure
$15.00
You S a v e$8to$11
This suit for S13.50 clearly proves our supremacy in the tailoring field. We offer
dozens of equally good values. L e t ' s tell
you about them. W e would rather you did
BIGSAMPLEOUTFIT
CHICAGO
Mention
THE
CRISIS
THE
142
CRISIS
ADVERTISER
Xmas
Patti's
Suggestions
PERFECTLY
MARVELOUS
for
SKIN TOILETTES
article.
2c e a c h a d d i t i o n a l .
M O N E Y
F O R
A G E N T S
Send
A . A. B R O W N ,
The
if ordered
CRISIS.
70
subscription
Fifth
Address
Avenue.
New
York.
Y.
Agents 8 5 Weekly
Get a Robinson Folding Bath Tub F R E E .
Big seller. Cost little, no plumbing. Weight
15 pounds, folds into small roll. Full length baths,
far better than tin tubs. Guaranteed 10 years. $15 to
$20 a day easily made. Write quick for special offer.
Robinson Cabinet Mfg. Co., Factories Bldg., Toledo, O
WANTED
Agents for T H E C R I S I S , Dignified Work
70 F i f t h Avenue, New Y o r k
Mention
A Real Holiday
Gift
T h e whole f a m i l y w i l l enjoy a
M y e r s Replayer a l l the year.
Re
plays V i c t o r and C o l u m b i a Records.
Great for Dances,
Dinners
and
Farties.
$10.01) REPLAYER-HOLIDAY PRICE $7.50
Postage p a i d . Money back i f not
satisfied.
G e t your Replayer for
the holidays.
Order at once.
THE MYERS REPLAYER CO.
Toledo, Ohio
1125 Nicholas Bid?.,
Dr.
$3 00
1.50
N,
$3.50
$3.00
together
EMPORIUM
$4.59
finest quality, beautiful patterns
regular$3.50maaraadressshirts,$7.00value
bent on approval, no money in advance, payable C . O. D . Madeofthe
anest quality Styltex C o r d e d M a d r a s , very durable, very dressy, cut
extra full, roomy armholes. coat front style, soft French turn back
cuffs, fine pearl buttons, double stitched, finest workmanship. In latest
s t r i p effects, lavender, blue and black stripes <f ast color) on white
background. Sizes 14 to 17lg. State size and color preferred.
W e G u a r a n t e e to return your money lo fall, if you can match these
c 7 T,
,
two fine S h i r t s anywhere for l e s s than $3.50 each,
bend no Money, just your name address and size, and we will ship at ODce, delivery
cnartrea prepaid. Pay only $4.69 on arrival, no more. Write today for thia won
derful bargain. Be sure to state neck-band size.
BERNARD-HEWITT AND
COMPANY
Dept. S 044
9 00 W . V a n B l l r e n S t . ,
Chicago, III.
Total
SPECIAL,
11
4 7 2 3 S t . L a w r e n c e A v e . , A p t . 3, C H I C A G O , I L L .
ONLY
by
Q U I C K
to
S e n d us o r d e r s f o r A r t M a t e r i a l s a n d S c h o o l
S u p p l i e s of
all kinds.
\ Y e can
save
you
money.
I f y o u w i s h to earn m o n e y
during
vacation or in y o u r spare time write us. W e
c a n d i r e c t y o u to r e p u t a b l e f i r m s .
Address:
UP-REACH MAGAZINE,
wniu N. H u n t " , E d i t o r
4345 V i n c e n n e s A v e n u e ,
Chicago, IU.
W . E . B. DuBois
T h e C R I S I S , one y e a r ' s
Orders
SendNo Money
W R I T E
Money
Manager, P A T T I B E A U T Y
Phone K e n w o o d 9538
T y p e w r i t e r s are n e e d e d i n y o u r business.
We
f u r n i s h t h e m at l o w e s t c a s h p r i c e s o r o n de
ferred payments.
Free trial privilege granted.
Our Line
of D i p l o m a s , Certificates, C l a s s P i n s a n d Com
mencement
Invitations
are
high
grade
and
cheaper
than
those y o u
have been
using.
Y o u can b u y o r r e n t C a p s a n d G o w n s f r o m us.
Our Supply Department
can furnish you with A N Y S C H O O L B O O K S
OR A N Y BOOKS B Y N E G R O
AUTHORS.
Ask
for
Brawley's
"Short
H i s t o r y of
the
American Negro"; Cromwell's "The Negro in
American
History," and
Huggins
"How
to
Study
and
Teach
Negro
History."
Yon
s h o u l d subscribe for
The Up-Reach
Magazine
A J o u r n a l of E d u c a t i o n a n d S o c i a l W o r k D e
v o t e d to t h e I n t e r e s t s o f N e g r o T e a c h e r s a n d
S o c i a l W o r k e r s a n d P r o m o t i n g the S t u d y a n d
Teaching
of
Negro
History
in
Schools,
C h u r c h e s a n d C l u b s . $ 1 . 0 0 p e r y e a r , 0 c e n t s
per copy.
All
SEND NO MONEY
Write quick for this amazing sock bargain,
Only limited lot.
Men's fine quality black or
gray wool socks. Full seamless, double sole,
toe and heel. Guaranteed wear-proof.
PAIR O F G U A R A N T E E D
$1.00
WOOL SOCKS
Guaranteed Six M o n t h s
$3.00
S E N D N O MONEYwrite quick.
Socks sent delivery charges paid.
P a y $ 3 o n arrival, no more. Money back if
not more than pleased. Give size, color.
CRISIS.
Dept. X 044
New
Socks
FREE
If you
get
less
than
6 mos.
wear.
Chicago
THE
OUR
We
CRISIS
ADVERTISER
143
to the
Colored
of H U M A N
HAIR
G O O D S who
People.
We
Mme.
B a u m ' s Bob
gives the appear
ance of wearing the
h a i r bobbed, but
makes cutting u n
necessary.
M ad o
of strictly Supreme
Quality
human
hair, with natural
waves,
sewed on
Velvet
Ribbon,
fitted
with
three
tuck C o m b s to
hold secure.
In
all shades.
Price,
{5.50.
carry the
dressers'
largest
Tools
selection
and
of
Hair
Accessories.
MME. BAUM'S
MAIL ORDER HOUSE
O u r F a c t o r y is L o c a t e d at
80 F O U R T H
AVE.
When
writing,
Telephone,
NEWYORK,
mention this
Baring
N. V.
paper.
7794
ISADORE MARTIN
Real Estate and Insurance
Notary Public
6 N o r t h 42nd
TeL
Street,
E D G A R
ATTORNEY
84
School
Mortgages
Philadelphia, P a .
P.
B E N J A M I N
AND COUNSELLOB-AT-LAW
Street
Boston, Mass.
for $5.25
Broadcloth
$4.00
Shirts
Flannel
for Only
90O
Desk
W.Van
SEASONABLE
Position.
TEEMS
Shirts
$5.25
NOW
F . S. 044
B u r e n St.,
a l l Lodge
CHICAGO
Societies
JOS. L. JONES, P R . . .
641 W . 9th S t .
Mention
and Church
T H E
CRISIS.
Cincinnati, O h i o
THE
144
CRISIS
ADVERTISER
The
Only
War
History
That
Will
Folly
Satisfy
The
American
Colored
People
700 pages
Price, c l o t h . . $2.50
m o r o c c o $3.50
Sent
rjy
insured
parcel
post.
T h i s B o o k a p p e a l s to the C o l o r e d P e o p l e .
T h e y are
e a g e r to b u y it.
Why?
B e c a u s e it is the o n l y
War
B o o k p u b l i s h e d that t h r i l l i n g l y , g r a p h i c a l l y , yet faith
f u l l y d e s c r i b e s the w o n d e r f u l p a r t the Colored Soldier
has taken i n the W o r l d W a r a n d is a b s o l u t e l y fair to
the N e g r o .
It relates to the w o r l d h o w 300.000 N e g r o e s c r o s s e d
the N o r t h A t l a n t i c , b r a v i n g the t e r r o r s of the Sub
m a r i n e P e r i l , l o b a t t l e f o r D e m o c r a c y a g a i n s t the b l o o d
t h i r s t y h o r d e s of a w a r m a d L o r d of the H o u s e of
Hohenzollern.
M o r e t h a n fifty p a g e s of the B o o k d e v o t e d to the
A C H I E V E M E N T S
O F
T H E NEGRO
IN
T H E
AMERICAN
NAVYGuarding
the
Trans-Atlantic
R o u t e to F r a n c e B a t t l i n g the S u b m a r i n e P e r i l T h e
Best S a i l o r s i n a n y N a v y i n the W o r l d M a k i n g a N a v y
in T h r e e M o n t h s f r o m N e g r o S t e v e d o r e s a n d L a b o r e r s
W o n d e r f u l A c c o m p l i s h m e n t s of O u r N e g r o Y o e m e n
and Y e o w o m e n .
AGENTS WANTED
Size
6'..
You
should
make
library;
8>;.
i n c h e s , 700
read
valuable addition
send
for
Pages
this book, i t
it
to
will
your
today.
No.
523 9 t h
Mention
(Book
Street
T H E
CRISIS
and
Bible
Publishers)
Washington,
D . C.
Let
UsASend
You
Suit
A WONDERFUL OPPORTUNITY
To
the
become a subscriber
to and own
most progressive Negro Chemical
part
of
Company.
T h e N I L E Q U E E N C O R P O R A T I O N w i t h a c a p i t a l of $ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0
is n o w b e i n g o r g a n i z e d u n d e r the l a w s of the State of I l l i n o i s to
p r o v i d e a greater scope a n d o p p o r t u n i t y for o p e r a t i o n i n the r i c h
field of c o m m e r c i a l c h e m i s t r y , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n the m a n u f a c t u r e a n d
d i s t r i b u t i o n of toilet articles.
Acquire K a s h m i r Chemical C o m p a n y
T h e entire h o l d i n g of the K a s h m i r C h e m i c a l C o m p a n y of C h i c a g o ,
the w e l l k n o w n a n d successful leader i n this field, i n c l u d i n g i t s
b u i l d i n g , fixtures, furniture, m a c h i n e r y , accounts a n d assets of
every character, w i l l be t a k e n o v e r a n d f o r m the n u c l e u s of the n e w
o r g a n i z a t i o n , w h i c h w i l l be c o u n t r y - w i d e i n scope.
Sharing the
Profits
If a B e a u t y C u l t u r i s t , D r u g g i s t , A g e n t or P r i v a t e I n d i v i d u a l o w n s
a few shares of stock, n a t u r a l l y he or she w o u l d exert e v e r y effort
to m a k e N I L E Q U E E N P r e p a r a t i o n s supreme i n his p a r t i c u l a r
c o m m u n i t y . T o share the profits of the business w i t h those w h o
help to m a k e it a success is one of the basic ideas of this n e w or
ganization.
Your Chance
Y o u are b e i n g offered this o p p o r t u n i t y to become a s u b s c r i b e r t o
this great n e w o r g a n i z a t i o n . D o not o v e r l o o k this u n u s u a l o p e n i n g
for a business i n v e s t m e n t w h i c h p r o m i s e s s u c h great returns. Safe,
c o n s e r v a t i v e a n d yet e a r n i n g b i g d i v i d e n d s for y o u . G u a r a n t e e of
6 per cent. P r a c t i c a l c e r t a i n t y of m u c h greater r e t u r n s .
Price of Shares
T h e shares of the C o r p o r a t i o n are $ 2 5 . 0 0 each, p a y a b l e $ 5 . 0 0 d o w n
and $ 5 . ( 8 0 per m o n t h for four m o n t h s . S u b s c r i p t i o n s n o w b e i n g
received. P O S I T I O N S O P E N F O R C A P A B L E
REPRESEN
TATIVES.
Send subscription or request for details to
NILE QUEEN CORPORATION
KASHMIR
INCORPORATORS,
or
CHEMICAL COMPANY
3423 INDIANA A V E .
CHICAGO, ILL.