WORLD HISTORY

10 THEMES IN WORLD HISTORY

1. POLITICAL SYSTEMS
- How people will govern?
- What was the relationship between the rulers and ruled?
- Who held the political power?
- What did the people do to change the government?
- Causes and results of war.
2. ROLE OF IDEAS
- Ides can really move people/move forward.
- How ideas spread from different countries?
3. ECONOMICS AND HISTORY
- How did the people grow their food?
- How did they make their goods?
- How did they provide services to other people?
- How did the individual and government use their limited resources?
4. SOCIAL LIFE AND GENDER ISSUES
5. THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE
High Culture writings of the thinkers of that society
Popular Culture way of life of the ordinary people
Artists
6. RELIGION IN HISTORY
7. THE ROLE OF INDIVIDUALS
8. THE IMPACT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
9. ENVIRONMENT AND HISTORY
10.
THE MIGRATION OF PEOPLES
THEORIES ON EARTHS ORIGIN
Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new
evidence comes to light
- Louis Leakey
SCIENTIFIC THEORIES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

TIDAL THEORY
NEBULAR THEORY
SOLAR DISRUPTION THEORY star collided with the sun
PLANETISSIMAL THEORY
DYNAMIC ENCOUNTER THEORY sun collided with the comet
CONDENSATION THEORY
BIG BANG THEORY
COLLISION THEORY star collided with another star

RELIGION THEORY(Bible ; Genesis Chapter 1)

Hominids 2-4 million years ago they appeared in Earth; according to evidences
they lived in Africa

I.

AUSTRALOPITHECI
NES

- Eastern and southern Africa

- First hominids who made
simple stone tools
Ex. Knife blade
oldest stone tool

II. HOMO
ERECTUS
- 1.5 million years
ago
- upright human
beings
- more varied tools
- different parts of
Europe and Asia

III. HOMO SAPIENS

- wise human beings

1. NEANDERTHAL
- know how to bury their
death
- clothes from animal skins
- appeared in Germany and
Middle East
2. HOMO SAPIENS SAPIENS
- first anatomically humans
- Africa between 200 150,
000 years ago

STONE AGE
I. PALEOLITHIC AGE /
Old Stone Age
2, 000, 500 years 10, 000
BC
- both men and women are
responsible in finding food
- some lived in caves ,
coastal areas
- 20 30 each group
- systematic use of fire
ACHIEVEMENTS:
- Making tools
- Use of fire

II. MESOLITHIC
10, 000 7, 000 BC
- gradual transition
took place from food
hunting to food
gathering

III. NEOLITHIC / New

Stone Age
10, 000 4, 000 BC
- they called it New Stone
Age because of Agricultural
Revolution.
Socio-cultural Life
- create farm villages
turned into towns
- surplus of food
VILLAGES:
1. Jericho
2. CatalHuyuk (Turkey)
- 6, 000 population
- houses builded so closed
- weapon makers
-trade in other villages
2

- religious shrine was built

- division of labor
- pottery is the finished
product
GENDER :
Men working in the fields
Women weaving clothes
- Making cheese
from milk
- Taking good care
of children , etc.

PATTERNS
1. FIXED DWELLINGS
2. DOMESTICAATIONS OF
ANIMALS
3. REGULAR FARMING
4. DIVISION OF LABOR
5. MEN HOLDING POWER
Patriarchy rule of the
father
6. WRITING
7. DISCOVERY OF METAL
e.g copper, bronze , iron
CIVILIZATION
Characteristics of the First Civilization:
1. Urban Revolution
2. New political and military structures
3. A new social structure based on economic power
4. The development of more complexity in a material sense
5. A distinct religious structure
6. The development of writing
7. New forms of significant artistic and intellectual activity
Why Civilization Existed? / Emerged?
Theories:
3

 Theory of Challenge and responses

- human beings forced to do something for survival
Material Explanation
- material surpluses
Not conducive / Not friendly Environment
Forces of Religion

MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION
- Land of two rivers
I. SUMERIANS
3, 000 BC 2,350 BC

- established several independent cities particularly

in Southern Mesopotamia
e.g City-States (basic units of Sumerian Civilization)
a. Eridu
b. Ur
c. Uruk
d. Umma
e. Lagash
Dwellings: made up out of sand dried bricks
TEMPLE most prominent building in Mesopotamia
for their Chief God (Ziggurat)
- believed that chief god owned the city-state
THEOCRACY
- govt by a divine authority
KINGS
- considered as agents of the Gods

II.
AKKADIANS
2, 340 BC
2, 100 BC

- led by
Sargon
- when
Sumerian
overrun by
Sargon
2,100 BC
- UR NAMMU
succeeded in
uniting all
warring citystate

III. AMORITES
OLD
BABYLONIANS
BABYLON capital
- led by
Hammurabi
- considered seminomads
- ARMY welldisciplined
- SON OF BABYLON
Hammurabi gave
this title to himself
MAIN FOCUS OF
HAMMURABI
Defense walls +
Irrigation canals +
Trade =
ECONOMIC
REVIVAL

POWERS OF THE KINGS:

Provide courts
Organized workers for the irrigation projects

Hammurabis
Code of Law
- collection of 282
4

Led armies
Initiated legislation
Supervised the building for public works
FOLLOWING
WHO
GOVERNING:
1. Govt bureaucracy
2. Army
3. Priest / Priestess

HELPED

THE

KING

IN

laws
e.g land , tenure,
commerce, wages,
marriage and
family life

3 MAJOR SOCIAL GROUPS:

1. NOBLES / UPPER CLASS
e.g Royale Family, Priest Officials
2. COMMONERS
e.g farmers, fishers
3. SLAVES
- they belong to the palace officials
- doing public works
WHY INVASION ENTER TO THE SCENE?
Material Wealth + Territory + Resources = constant
war

CHRONOLOGY:

3,000 2,350
BC
2,340 2,100
BC
2,113 2000 BC
1792 1750 BC

Early devt of Sumerian city-states

Akkadian Empire
The Dynasty of Ur Nammu
Hammurabis Reign

RELIGIOUS LIFE:
Nippur earliest center of Religious Life
GOD / GODDESSES:
1. AN Chief God ; God of the Sky
2. ENLIL God of the Wind
3. ENKI God of Earth, rivers, wells, canals, inventions and crops
4. NINHURSAGA Chief Goddess; Goddess of soil, mountains, and
meditations
DIVINATIONS :killing of sheep and goats
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
Nile River Gift of the Nile (development and progress of civilization)
Egypt is bounded from:
West and East desert (natural protection)
Southern Parts rapids or cataracts
Northern Side Mediterranean Sea

EGYPT Black (after a storm: silk) and Red land (fertile fields) both of
them are conjusive in farming
AGRICULTURE Prosperity of Egypt Civilization

CHRONOLOGY OF EGYPTIAN HISTORY

3,100 2,700 BC
2,700 2,200 BC
2,200 2,050 BC
2,050 1652 BC

Early Dynastic Period

Dynasties 1-2
Old Kingdom
Dynasties 3-6
First Intermediate Period
Dynasties 7-10
Middle Kingdom
6

1652 1567 BC
1567 1085 BC
1085 - 30 BC

Dynasties 11-12
Second Intermediate Period
Dynasties 13-17
New Kingdom
Dynasties 18-20
Post Empire
Dynasties 21-31

3,100 BC KING MENES was able to unify lower and upper Egypt.
-

King of Upper and Lower Egypt

OLD KINGDOM
- Age of Prosperity and
Splendor
- greatest and largest
pyramid were built
- MEMPHIS capital of Old
Kingdom
Kingship Pharaoh titles
associated with the Kings
; absolute power, but they
observed Maat Principle
Maat Principle spiritual
guidance emphasizes ideas
of truth, justice, good order
and harmony.

MIDDLE
KINGDOM
- Golden Age of
Ancient Egypt
- clarification of
authority:
* territories are
identified
*collection of taxes
*obligation to the
State
*Pharaohs
- has greater
concerned to the
people
- regarded as the
Shepherd of his
people
- Son of Re

VIZIER in charge in the Society and

different departments of Economy
bureaucracy.
Upper Class
Two (2) Important
nobles and priest
Departments:
Middle Class
1. Agriculture
merchants and
Departments

NEW KINGDOM
- New Militarism and
Imperialistic Kingdom
- Egypt starts to
established his empire
- Egypt became the most
powerful state in Middle
East
- they invaded Palestine,
Syria, Libya, etc.
Internal Problems:
Amenhotep IV
- King of Egypt during
1364-1347 BC
- destruction of statutes
of God
- Introduced religious
revolution / change
called AWTON.
AWTON chief God
- change his name from
Amenhotep IV to
Akhenaton.
7

2. Treasury
Departments
Police Department
Justice Dept
River Transport Dept
Public Works Dept
Egypt is divided in different
provinces, it is called,
NOMES.
NOMARCH governor of a
nomes; responsible in the
King and Vizier.
UPPER EGYPT 22
provinces
LOWER EGYPT 20
provinces
Cause of their fall:
- greediness of power by
the King
- the King did not control
his power for the
betterment of his
constituents
- powers of monarch is not
identified ,i.e. territory

artisans
Lower Class
serfs, common
people (they paid
taxes in the form
of crafts ; forced
labor)
Culture of Egypt

THEBES capital of Egypt

during the term of
Amenhotep, he changed
it to AKHETATON.
- his attempt to change
the religious life of
Egyptian is a failure.

- they had Gods

2 Groups of their
Gods:
1. Sun Gods
;Atom/Re Chief
God
2. Land Gods- e.g.
siris, isis, among
others

TUTANKHAMON
- successor of
Amenhotep
- returned the old ways
like the capital Thebes

Pyramid
symbolism as
power in Egypt

Rameses II
- able to retained
Palestine

They believed for

the two kinds of
body:
1. Physical
Body
2. Spiritual
Body / Ka
- Spiritual
body
would
return
Arts and
Writings
Including
paintings/wall
paintings , statutes
its all about or
connected to their

19th DYNASTY
- restore the Egyptian
Power

Sea Peoples
- invaded Efypt, was able
to get Palestine from
Egypt
Egypt became the
province of Rome
FAMILY AND MARRIAGE
- divorce are allowed with
compensation to the wife
- they are optimistic
- people marry at young
age
- Pharaohs entitled
harems -*polygamy
- marriage arrange by the
parents

spiritual beliefs
- ended by interior
problems

FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
- Husband is the master
of the house
- Wife is respected in
charge in education of
their children
- only sons could carry
the family name

The Invasion
Hyksos initiated
the 2nd chaos in
Egypt
Peasant Woman
- Arabian Peninsula
- Worked in the
- initiated and
fields
dominated the
- Do domestic
country.
activities
- was not totally
completed
HATSHEPSUT
- woman who became a
Achievements :
Pharaoh
Introduce
- first he became the
regent of Thotmosins III
the use of
bronze
Achievements:
Military forces
Mining
Agriculture
Expeditons
trading