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E T O N
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1856
T)
lEngrabiKg^,
C O
M ? A X V
Wilk^t
aitlr
^arm
Cottagts.
THE REQUIPwEMENTS OF
BY
D.
NEW YORK
D.
APPLE
4 6
&
AND COMPANY,
48
BROADWAY.
1856.
BACKUS.
Entered, according
By
New
Tork.
PREFACE
IN
preparing
tlie
a class,
comprehend-
the
farmer,
and the
man
laboring
is
still
generally.
remunerative,
A modest
home, which he
may
call his
own,
beyond
is
him
his
It is a
we
serve
him and
by encouraging
his
efforts.
We have
ited
strict
economy
looks,
and substantial
shall
which
PREFACE.
iv
iiu-ility in
Convenience,
our
surely,
aim.
first
if
Over
all
of
its
But
where
and
To improve
though
surroundings
is
])y
a secondary consideration
its
We l)elieve
respects the
of
have given to
it
In
begins.
it
And, hence, we
to mental
is
but
book.
The admirable
Downing gave
publications of the
new and
warded
in the
if
we may
same
])e
much lamented
We
dii-ection,
class
of structures.
we have endeavored
to
PREFACE.
exliibit correct principles in art,
In these alone
just taste.
is
and to
foster a pure
passion which
and
all
The
and thoroughness.
secure accuracy
have
we have endeavored
to
perspectives
we have introduced,
ations not
strictly
apj^licable
tomed
^not
to read
and thiak,
a few of
these days.
whom
The
is,
to village
that
men
we
cottages
men
address
like
accus-
lesson taught, if
it
thrown away.
For presenting some other matters
not exactly architectural,
give than that
they will be
we have no
we regard them
here,
which are
better reason to
as important,
and believe
useful.
We believe
graving.
their
own
praise.
NOTICE.
For
designs in this
may
These comprise
every thing necessary to enable any competent workman fully to understand the plans.
of contract,
by
They
Numbers
They
make
and
of the
first
For the
and remittance,
last ten,
For
85 each.
may
arise,
and
to
Address Cleaveland
&
Backus Brothers,
Architects, 41
Wall
Street,
New
York.
CONTENTS
-*-*
CHAPTER
THE HOUSE CONSIDERED IN
The Architecture
I.
ITS
........
Motives
for the
acter
the young,
CHAPTER
for
1
II.
Evils
of tenant
contrasted
...
life
CHAPTER
HOME
A permanent home
attainable
It
IN
for exorbitant
THE COUNTRY.
It can be
only
Such a
felt
to
it,
there The
In
is
ni.
The
rents-
loss
the country
life
.
CHAPTER
.11
IV.
THE VILLAGE.
Villages of Natural Growth
streets,
Manu-
C0^'TE1^TS.
viii
Objections
The
to rectangular
Its
.17
V.
TUE CHOICE OF A
The
social lile
CHAPTER
Inappropriate models
form of
It is a distinct
LOT.
question to be settled
to
soil,
scenery-
to
to
CHAPTER
VI.
THE ADOPTION OF A
A well
PLA>'.
and benefits
The
building to
its
Truthfulness
special
first
requirements
Its
To adapt a
considered
Utility before
show
Essential
Arrangement
of rooms
requisites
of architectural beauty
The
efiect
on
less
......
responsibility
of attempting alterations,
CHAPTER
39
YII.
Unwise
thing to be aiihamed
Stone,
of,
frugality
How
to lessen expense
Economy not a
Mate-
rials
wood
plea for
the Gothic
in
bricks,
to
of
for
Tlie tastes
CONTENTS.
and habits of the occupant not
scenery, position, and climate,
to be
.
IX
CHAPTER
Vin.
The
air.
Note on estimates.
Cost
$625
foliage
irregular
spaces,
..,
CHAPTER
III.
IX.
faults, as
usuaUy
built,
CHAPTER X.
hill-side COTTAGES.
PecuHarities and merits of hiU-side position^-The house should conform
to the sitePractical advantages SubteiTene basements condemned Precautionary
direc-
Design XIII. Position, arrangements, characteristics, material, and constructionThe roof General remark^Ruskin- Cost $1,300. Design XIV.
tions.
Position
and
Cost $1,375,
....
of
vertical
88
CHAPTER XL
houses of two stories.
of tasteProportion Finish.
Design XV.Village imitation of city
houses This design is a modification Kitchen above ground Chimneys centra]
Bay window General remarks Balcony Cornice Cost 1,250.
Design
Diversities
CONTENTS.
X
XVI. ^foro
piece)
Cost
Its
purpose
Dksigx
XMI.
(Frontis-
$1,875,
CHAPTER
XII.
FARM-nOUSES.
The
village farm-house.
farm
work Rear
building
for
floor
for
^Walls
5=1,900.
details
floor
finish
CHAPTER
XIII.
DOUBLE cottages.
The advantage,
economy
Design XXI.
Arrangement
and expression
objection
obviated
to a large
village
Cost
115
$3,000,
CHAPTER
XTV.
INTERIORS.
Wali^
PlasteringPaperingHuits.
fault.
in
Mouldings
colors
their
blinds,
floors.
curtains.
to
furniture
niture recommended,
fur-
tasteful,
.123
CHAPTER XV.
HINTS on construction.
Working plans the mechanics, and descriptions and speciNothing gained by hard bargainsThe plan should be well considered,
Needful precautions
fications
and
closely adhered to
Cellars,
how
full
for
Importance
frost,
and
rats
How
Foundations
to retain heat
Contents.
Double walls,
partitions,
windows
Plan
xi
for double
windows witb
single sash
The open fireplace Stoves inevitable The cooking stove The open stove
Chimneys placed centrally Cheap way of warmmg chambers ^Ventilation and
A simple and economic method Ventilation of sleeping rooms Use
ventilators
under roofs
of air-space
Section Both
roofs,
tight
size
floors
......
it
common
misapprehension,
135
CH.O^TER XVI.
THE EJIPEOVEMENT OF GROUXDS.
The home not complete if the grounds are neglected. Grading Ease of access imDraixixg Form of surface Terraces objectionable as ornaments
portant.
Artificial
"v\*ith
errors
for fruit-trees,
for
etc.
for
style
live
to
Its
let it
Its
it
filtering
this
this topic.
it
Teaching by example,
post
illustra-
......
CHAPTER
149
XVII.
the garden.
Gardening neglected by the majority The cause
pursuit
it
grows
benefits of the
Ignorance and
inex-
CONTENTS.
XII
set
tlie
Mr.
soil
for flower-bed
Directions
for planting
it
Another designFruit
garden,
Lists
of pears,
apples,
roses
Herbaceous
...
plants
shrubs
and vegetable
Currants Gooseberries
Raspberries
houses
to
nectarines,
.....
Climbers Climbing
Bird-
apricots,
172
CHAPTEE
THE HOUSE CONSIDERED IN
ITS
HE
and
color,
their
From
the
waxen and
and wasp
aerie
and symmetric
And
yet,
through
all
from
on the bare
the
cliff,
the range
eagle's
rude
to the pendent
is
wide indeed.
of instinct,
Of
know
progress tliey
The
nothing.
first
humming-bird
Eden
of
With man the case is far different. His wants and capabilities are so much more numerous, and complex, and various,
than those of the brute creation
his
we might expect
in the
The degree
in
And
more
clearly
is
such
is
when we
and
re-
in notliing
We
not surprised
the fact.
civilization
shown
to
are
homes
of the mole
comfort.
of neatness
see families,
and
among
dwelling
sequence.
of the
or
men
often
community, or family,
or
individual,
called respectable, or
Regarded
influence
race,
Can we doubt,
deemed happy.
in this light,
human
dwellings acquire
means by
wdiich
men
new
influence
con-
one
is
among
THE HOUSE IN
mere comfort,
is
ITS INFLUENCE.
The
point
The
most
relations
efficient
Society
is
From
thies,
all
experience
man was
us that
tell
Common
seeker of happiness
is
not he
The most
sense and
to live in the
successful
wants to the
his
us with capa-
made
not
may
character.
cities for
their
tions
mould
dependencies.
all
of
them should
all
many
rust unused.
We
The
ability to gratify
them.
is
the Family.
community
at large.
Here we
first
learn that
life,
we
are mutually
its
members by
good
or
ill,
all
who
affect, for
power
is
so blended with
all
the
aff'ections
and
associations
of the
for tlie
advancement of family
and
among
this,
influ-
its earliest
made
and
When
may
Architecture contri-
skill.
They may
But
last-
effectually contribute
to
such a purpose,
its location
far as possible,
And
to be thought
The
of.
especially be consulted.
its
By
all
interests of the
means
may and
may
let
young should
attractive.
These, how-
are fresh
and tender,
let
homes
the}'
own
the love of
;
the love,
affection,
prospect.
mem-
but the
earliest
filial
and fraternal
CHAPTEE
II.
an important
dictate
the arrange-
all
ments of a home.
ought to
pur230se
and control
But such a
purpose can be
fulfilled
the dwelling
jDcrmanent.
is
but temporary,
only where
we
With
feel to
our continued
be
oc-
will,
unadapted to the
familiarity,
For the
full
and
it is
hardly
quiet,
and
owned by
its
large cities,
may seem
to
occupants.
and has
This practice
in itself so
much
so general, except in
is
commend
to
its
it,
that
it
importance here.
every
man owns
case generally
is
lives.
In
cities,
the
hired tenements,
and
laborers,
we
almost
who depend on
class
men
find tlie
That
and who
with their
and make no
so
many
effort to
of these
seem contented
all
is
upon
their occupants.
As
it is
to benefit,
and
it
Of
all
moment on
the nature
so
numerous
in our great
cities.
cellars,
In these dark,'
damp, unventilated caverns, fevers, consumption, and rheumaHere, thousands are born only to
of health
outskirts, is a palace
shanty
on the
Surely,
extempore
and luxury.
since to have
up
die.
combined
under-
it
its air
was cheap
was unwholesome
made
and
it
darkened
THE VALUE OF A PERMANENT HOME.
some
stencil of
structures,
it
In devising
slaiigliter-lioiise, or distillery.
would seem as
accommodation.
sucli
if
Accordingly, the
The
halls,
in
what
The
nobody's.
become
are too
It is easy to see
What
is
everybody's business
common
and
are neglected,
and contagious.
entrance,
common,
portions used in
Bad
filthy.
The
and dangerous.
steep,
housewife,
when surrounded
in
No
from an intercourse
growing
u^d
attractions of home.
tastes
selection of
latter,
The bounds
result
to the surround-
ing level.
children,
and sinks
and
feelings.
among both
so
j)arents
amid such
The former
scenes,
mark
The
its
and children,
domestic
finer
sym-
if
they do not
vice.
fall,
as
is
but too
likely, into
It
is
many
houses,
what item
Ask
the great
in their expenditure
and to
all
will say,
namely,
^^
is
met with
the rent."
And
reason to complain.
In
and most
who pay
not they
army
of
that of expense.
yet
less
isolation
there
where more or
or in blocks,
single,
With
the poor
known
fact, that
as those
is
it is
not
In this matter,
so.
their poverty.
It is a well-
imposed
be their
upon them
own
tenants.
It
little calculation.
now
i)ay for
is
no help.
would be well
It
is
for
them a
decent house oF their own, and give their families the precious
or
And what
a comfort, to fear no
quent removals
fre-
Ml
to constitute the
While he
is
a tenant, the
man must
as
builder,
lie
may
lie
adapt
liis
purchaser, or
As a
As
needs.
lie
make improve-
Now
many
acquirement justify
It is the
efforts.
home ended
how
here,
fully
would
sacrifices,
To have
j)ride
an additional security
leaves with regret
for
to
it
and natural
any man's
root
a pair, as
spring
years.
And
say
all his
of childhood
little
this hive
life,
where their
lapse of time,
off-
for it is
what
There he finds
Such a home he
virtue.
once
he
love,
home, indeed,
and there
To such
and grow.
he gladly returns.
reared, or purchased,
or beautified,
it.
what
now
a scene
their declining
travelled distance,
made by such
to the
heart
wanderer from
such a remembrance
Nor can
this
fail, so
10
objects of tluit
retain a jjlace in
Avitli
memory, con-
tliuughts of a
flitlier's
and a brother's
CHAPTEE
HOME
IN
III.
THE COUNTRY
.
UT
it
this
talk
may
be
said,
about
and permanency
is
all
very
well for
^^--V /
that
possession
means to buy
but
or to build,
is
who
payments
not,
"*'
We
^^X""'-
which cannot be
tions
We
do
would be the
realized.
We will
our views and objects are not only practical but practicable.
We
who
is
not hopeless
life
industry,
and
more.
its
them that
assure
effort, or
without some
sacrifice.
and that
We
their
recommended
is
we
Few
resolution,
try to con-
an attainable one,
12
First, tliea,
city bounds.
than tenancy at
buy
or to build within
far better
is
It is
will.
to
is
its
ownershi}) out of
forever gone,
style of
tlie
when
Steamboats and
it.
railroads, convey-
ances both rapid and cheap, have brought the once distant
and
fields
timable
lized
be,
and groves,
])rivilege of
it
The
a country
by the wealthy
home can no
We
citizen.
ines-
longer be monopo-
may
it
less
as
hills
known that
and of
than one hour from the heart of every great town, building
all
tions has
made
it
credit, to secure a
The
within the
it
practicable for a
man
with
capital or
little
accomplished by means
This
is
an
is ?
owner in
fee simple.
Do you
not see
how
is
Each
That the money which you are now paying in quarterly rent
for
two
country?
fact, if
This
you
will
It is true
is
will
but test
suffice, in
in the
a blessed
it.
HOME
first,) of
and
cliiircli
You
might leave
relish in city
word comprehends
home
all
that
We
is
most
life.
made
life.
it
13
school,
gain a liome
in
to be prized in
and
THE COUXTRY.
IN
let,
for
and
but standing by
walls,
itself,
permeated by the
free,
pure
air,
your children can play, with flowers and shrubs, and shade-trees
and
fruit-trees of your
own
of your
own
What
raising.
suitable
may
is
largely increased.
least, their
many
cost.
own
cases, a
its
expense of living
in part, at
if
it is.
this single
In very
advantage
Think of the
difference
between
re-
country
Nor
life
is
it
vile leavings of
the dis-
would prove
less
expensive.
In matters of dress,
14
which lords
somewhat
woultl he
Even
solutely ap})alling.
the
di^aths durini;-
over
all classes,
The
of disease
it
city
our healthiest
in
children
is
liot
ab-
summers, the
new^
Can
it
and cared
glow
^\
itli
But
strengtli
life
more
new
and beauty.
much
salubrious.
men be
will
soft
and
rural
parents, carry
into firmness
Fond
for there ?
if
still
higher praise.
Its
From
reared.
it
To
of chil-
dren.
and haunts of
parental authority
easily maintained,
home
are
On
or
So
less counteracted,
and the
this agreeable
life, it
city,
is
more
and benefits
of
effectually secured.
In the
family discipline
virtues, affections,
Here
influ-
ences of rural
One
is
vice,
is
suffice.
exert an influence on
tlie
mind
every thing
is
subject to change.
Few, com-
HOME
paratively,
own
their homes,
and
is
THE COUNTRY.
of permanence.
nothing at
all
15
There
may
all
it
He
if
but indestructible
seen in
within
little
is
threads.
to
IN
as he rises or goes
its
down
their beauty
and grandeur.
the gentle eminence, the lake, the river, and the brook, the
forest
who
of those
them.
lasting
green dell,
little
It is
is
thrive,
men
are
more
and
is
labors are
more often
solitary
and
we
acter.
ing pressure.
feelings
Among
Not moving
and perhaps
such
men
individuality in charform,
by the surround-
and
all
marked
life
Such a condition
silent.
off
by
attrition
also.
may
They may
There
16
seem
less courteous,
them we
Above
all,
and
trait
country
life,
not only a
of individuality suggests
plea for
homes.
Among
it
when planning
rural
for
emblematical of their
some sense
To men
and
activity, the
Unhappy they
who
quiet
of repose
Be assured
that in these
in training your
in reading
you
and
re-
in social inter-
them,
In the
children to
who need
for
This
is
among
unbought
flowers,
its fruits
by
who now
than kings.
luxuriate
their
own
CHAPTEE
IV
THE VILLAGE.
S yet we have treated of
rural residence in a gene',
ral
We
way.
propose
now
A form
of
it
wit,
to
By
village.
this
the
term we
be called a town.
enough to
As viewed with
Of
American
these,
by
far
villages
may
the most
are
we
enterprise.
Thirdly,
village, a
among the
In the second
cities.
As appropriate
compara-
and severely
to our general
calling attention to a
matter that
18
has been too miicli neglected, we offer a few remarks and suggestions on the laying out and building of villages.
named, we
first
find, as
we might
to
modified not
is
and
lots.
site,
and the
and the
traits.
streets irregular,
Nor
this
is
want of
Many
old Til-
streets,
uniformity and
lages,
When
may
often do
We
This
much toward
is
all
its value.
run in straight
no need of
is
not so in another,
is
it
is
and
measured and
mathematical economy.
tliis
making
lines,
will,
to spare, there
giving a right
has
rule.
influential persons
feel that
by
The
Here
character of
may
its
location.
ravine.
taste
Such requirements
and judgment
hill
will not
and
])lain,
of
marsh and
be wholly disregarded
if
Nature must
THE VILLAGE.
be liumored and not forced,
19
we would
if
please.
As such
should
dwelling-houses
object should be to
receive
make the
the
increase,
villages
appropriated
districts
particular
will be conceded
The
The
importance
ill efi'ects
of
first
This principle
its
to
let
The
care.
village, cannot
be
may
well be
will be
little
larger part
are,
more
many
of the villagers
or less,
sometimes
the
place.
The new
why men
comfort, of
From
is
is
of artistic grace,
nor
it
may boast
of the
home-born
virtues.
architecture.
20
Without further
detail,
where mueh
This
its operatives.
little
ties
town
is
When
thus built, as
up near
village
however, that we
it
for the
the estahlishment
it
accommois
large, a
Such opportuni-
were, in a day.
for introducing
good specimens
It is not often,
and models of
dation of
is
he said, we pass
niiij^ht
Frequently these
like
much
comfort or neatness,
air of
sites,
We
less of beauty.
might
agreeable.
be considered not
and
devoid of
taste,
understand.
But there
The pecuniary
is
is
employ.
will be far
the
first
tives,
somewhat
greater,
It secures in
people who
much
lation.
Such habitations
ties are
their asso-
THE VILLAGE.
and
ciations of domestic
with
and
its fruits
flower,
first
enjoyment
little
garden
Such homes
many
will not
may
or less of
occur.
more
the
social
21
may
roof.
The economy
and in keeping
it
warm,
its
own
it.
want
may
be practicable,
their
It is almost needless to
soil,
be careful
of a spot
So far as
will
The nearness
let
human
dwell-
considerations of
air,
of shelter
selection.
and comfort,
and
grounds.
The
third class
we have
it
is
Like
22
Such
perative necessity.
vm
neighborhood of
homes
ble
to
great
villages
cities,
But the
There
is
or
ignorance,
to
to
the
of
selfishness
location
soil,
to
left
speculation.
little
towns on
and
the
in
population.
a large
up
springing
are
Salu-
and prospect,
eligibility for
from the
city,
or steamboat.
left
means we
all
"a
But the
know.
What
which may
good operation."
object
is
one
this
well
presented to the
ments should
all
his invest-
for
good conduct.
Both
in a pecuniary
proved successful.
who have
where the
where
c((;i
lesson of order
its
be
is
benefits
THE VILLAGE.
are constantly seen
their
own conduct,
23
and
upon
or loss depends
By
if
not
thus accus-
possible.
To render
suitable
ground
viding for
tional,
its
for a
by laying
city village,
it
by procuring
out and pro-
can engage.
capitalist
Eveiy
dollar
thus invested would bring to him not only a satisfactory percentage of interest, but what he would prize infinitely more,
rich visible fruits of neatness
He becomes
and
thrift, of
own
eyes the good he has done, and leaves beliind him^ when he
dies,
an imperishable monument.
The
for granted.
'''
or another
attention of the whole country has just been called, (September, 1855,) to
much needed
reform,
by the announcement
$50,000, for the erection of model lodging houses for the poorer classes.
Should Mr.
Lawrence's intentions be judiciously executed, they will prove the beginning of a great
movement,
for
life.
We
may
regard
name
who inaugurated
new
men
them
24
the want will
to such a
No man
lie iiiet.
his action in a
ground and
selection of tlie
who
with those
rest
by
may
it,
healtli,
project
tlie
be influenced
for
The
of the enterprise
afFiiir
the
civil
engineer,
and
may
greatly conduce
on the
used
in
aspect.
trees,
Then
it
healthful
is
lots
and
will be that
its
mendation
be
planting of
shall
it
its
will present
chief recom-
in
offers
to
those
cost.
We
supposed
"
even in these.
is
)r
On
laid out
AVe say
By
it
it
should cer-
THE VILLAGE.
25
the main the natural grade, there will be a saving of trouble and
The
expense.
lots
embankments.
made more
upon them
Kidino;
will not
facilitated
and
home and
house which
to be your
is
be pleasant in
its position
it
should
day.
influence in deciding
From
how
village streets
and lanes
shall run.
we pass
to another topic.
The tendency
than
in
to imitation
men
is
In
build.
all
where, this has been more or less the case, but the trait seems
to be especially conspicuous in the
of this
is
We
The evidence
American mind.
should have
less
reason to com-
excellence
we should
still
have some.
We
Sameness, even in
art be
"Yarious,
That
tlie
May
If she
must
he indulged."
infinite
stale."
26
We
tliat
To
of fitness, op
every observant
man,
whole
is
reared.
wortliy of a people
even town.
street, or
am-
who
tliis
new
is
structure
specially
un-
and independence
But our
more
who
in detail
certain
to be prone.
We
model.
But
the
furnishes
show the
folly of
books referred
to,
seem
But
it
if
gardener's,
laborer, or the
of that
In the
given.
seldom forces
itself
on the notice of
his rich
is
em-
required at
it
of his visitors.
at.
If not
The accommodation
of the
humble tenant
is
and
but
THE VILLAGE.
The
a secondary matter.
state of things
They own
if
they choose,
They
their houses.
us, as
yet, is
They
are independent.
can,
live in
they do choose
among
27
The
it.
they can certainly do far better for themselves and their families,
than to copy either the mean or the fanciful structures which the
wealthy and proud proprietors of that aristocratic
furnish to
isle
To
bition,
its
temptations.
He is
why he may
and can
is
am-
no reason
see
When
smaller scale.
it.
he does
delighted with
looks,
its
this,
necessities,
dif-
on the one
The
villa has been built with more reference, probably, to taste than
to expense.
It
The indulgence
pose
what
may have
its
may
of a large hospitality or
modified
owner wants
on a reduced
qualities
may
is
design
its
is
it
it
some other
may
or
may
entirely different.
scale, it will
summer
Besides,
residence.
special pur-
not be just
it
can suit
when
copied
its
best
If these
finery.
Nor
28
will the
The whole
business
is
bad.
It
is
builder's power.
Still
more senseless
is
The very
and
submit as unavoidable
with a
which
servility
a city compels
its
is
The high
ridiculous.
inhabitants
which they
rear,
cost of
ground
in
to live in
and
to
evils, are
i)arlors
privilege of
pleasant place.
is
But such
consistency.
really
is, is
It unites the
it
silly villages
are not
as well as boys
all.
and
Some
of
its f\iults
^Vhile
Of such
villages
it
may
Such
may
life
be
are
truly be
we
alternately laugh at
of a vain ambition,
we
feel only
indignant
when we
see a village
THE VILLAGE.
similarly injured tlirougli the blindness
avarice.
Some man
ground.
It is his
looks
29
of
purpose to
make
cells,
One
or
It
own
Taking
covers the
rent
sell or
to
vile boxes.
for those
who have
And
or should be, a
terests,
and holding
community by
its
village not
is
It
first,
villap-e,
of society.
dices,
them
perpetual in-
for
of his
are to live in
city tenements, he
and wishes
with him.
and advertises to
The good
it.
who
his
tract of village
the most of
itself,
having
its
one.
own
in-
many
combined
air.
With
efforts
and
interests.
To
or at
may
least
wells in
lived in
30
life.
Wherever there
is
vil-
and
it
too, are
The
want
Here,
Read-
details of daily
life,
They
facts.
and
it
is
for
the
interest
of the
in
its
CHAPTER
V.
HEN
to be taken
the selection of
^
j
-./^V
^ is determined
site.
is
This
is
so
with success or
important a
much
to do
failure, that it
sideration.
The
first
such case to
--1
is
-j^r.
-:
7mist
u'cints,
settle, is
man
that
In making up his
little
list
in
of his
the future
puzzled as was
question for a
This
much
man
story.
the account.
One
the lot to
man
its
examined
is
the relations of
village.
home
If enf^rao-ed in
32
some manufactury,
time
To
for meals,
all
store, or ^vurkslioj),
proximity in
such we would
which
is
is
absolutely necessary.
have
many
In very
its
due
ought to influence.
home
this consideration
say, let
liis
and
retired
ness,
it
is
some frequented
If
(|uiet lane.
demand,
will
to be a dwelling, only,
street.
it is
jirobaldy,
avoid
stand upon
conspicuous
social family,
calls, will
may
much
location
on
accustomed to make
disappointment, in-
good walks.
street with
and who
sion,
like to
them from
visiting bores.
For some
will
it is
effectually
very desirable
is
a secondary consideration.
the
first cost
of building
settle
and probable
rise in value,
It is not every
for
man who
can
To understand the
its
improve-
To
we can only
say,
those
who
consult,
if
adviser.
all.
THE CHOICE OF A
fares,
and
railroads
such, eminently,
canals,
LOT.
33
and
is
When
spirit.
Thus a
others near
single street,
it, is
And
and
of the wealthy
moderate means,
Much may
be done by
make
men
of
if
generous heart.
the roadside,
influential.
to
is
along
little
are found,
it
will
its
be
adjacent grounds.
safe,
on speculative
lot
among them.
Is the
ground favorable
Excavation upon
important point.
It
for building
either facilitate or
be easy or
a very
difficult.
To
many
such matters,
is
may
From
much.
may
This
Its position
grading, or but
it
on
little.
may
cost little, or
it
may
man
much upon
his
Location will also influence the cost of building by modifying its style
seldom seen,
seem mean
and
may
in a
We might
3
decorations.
A house that
is
secluded and
more conspicuous
position.
34
may tend
expenses of
which occupies
tlie ftimily
but these
will readily
live
We
quaintance.
Still
and
more desirable
is it
companionship,
The
w^ill
ac-
and fashionable
like to
among our
Contiguity to
and
less
weight in deter-
shall live.
In a comnumity where
all
we
man
Let each
taste,
and
let
select
greater disi)lay.
right to do so,
folly.
and
if
What
it
be such as
make a
is
of that ?
all
man
any
attractive
objects in a village
by the
are
rich.
its
to
of sense.
class,
and
unassuming cottages,
lot,
THE CHOICE OF A
with
its cliaracter
is its
when
considered by
If the air
healthfulness.
The
itself.
is
control, the
No
defect
is
of great value,
is
forts.
and
vital,
of good water.
and
of these
first
Next
35
LOT.
privilege,
luxury
imparts to
many hoasehold
operations,
Why,
there
are
is
it
at
regarded by many.
villages
in
our
which a united
effort
would
easily bring
an inex-
haustible supply.
What
daily to labor at
folly to
soft,
pure, sparkling
lymph
laid
on their
man and
beast,
And
be
how many
Many
lost,
grease,
yet
solutions of salt
when no
care
is
it
pure.
And
well.
so it is
Properly
fil-
36
tered and cooled,
may
tern
as palatable as
filtered as
make
fact
it is
it is
or the water
piiri:)Ose,
A knowledge and
used.
wholesome.
it is
The
cis-
may be
some places
be condemned.
The
poses,
lay of the land and fitness of the soil for garden pur-
ments
of count 17
life.
may
and
liills
not be over-
who mean
looked by those
fruits, will
whether
trees, or bare
shall
it
affect the
is
will
or of winter
In
is
the ground,
summer
most thought of
all
tem-
size,
on the purposes
it is
designed to
answer.
and
offence.
make
for
If a stable be needed,
accessible,
it
and prevent
its
The extent
by the
size
bery.
well that
The
tlie
less there
is
it
l>e
stand on
it,
a house to live
ground around
is
will
is to
to reproach
it
in.
They know
will receive
them
perfectly
THE CHOICE OF A
neiglibor's eyes,
37
LOT.
Ample
ground,
for,
undoubtedly adds
to the beauty
cumstances
may
it
different cir-
Without attempting
it
may be
to
and of
said without
much
In most
fifty,
to
be considered in reference to
its location.
low, modest-look-
shaped
regular,
lot, are
may
its location,
appreciate.
its
same
of the other
a structure
form to
At
such relations.
It is
unpleasing in
itself,
placed
so entirely out of
as actually to
may
Thus
it
be of an unassuming character
for
them
art should
to rival,
it
yet be so
which
it is
impossible
littleness of
man,
38
make no
play.
into meekness,
will look
cliffs,
tion suggests
who
those
is
seeking
as if
site
least,
on which to
on the
In
hill-top.
wide room
live, let
many
and aspiring
and
plant
spirit
often been
cities of
Villages, in-
spoiled,
by an
follow,
men
is
illustra-
princii)lc
is
awe him
The
their protection.
and enforces a
natural tastes.
there
will
some degree, at
itself
sucli mistake.
his
Again, in selecting a
in
lie
and, after
all,
still
T-emains.
If he
who
is
Why
pure, let
children a taste so
lake
less
than
For him,
and meadow.
From
his little
domain
if,
for all 1
and
For
river or
no unimportant
in
field
him,
he
him no
if
him seek
i)raise
and thankfulness, he
CHAPTER
VI.
This
plan.
Some
houses.
every
man
wliich he
termines,
its
congruities,
make
to correct the
form and
to spend
It
seems
it
like
He
de-
The consequence
when
it
is
often
and
in-
too late
is
judicious and
indeed,
leaving the
Deficiencies, misarrangements,
in alterations,
it
to erect.
size,
evil.
idea,
advances.
a series of mistakes.
small
build
means
details to be
is
who
by those
of
seldom thought
is
weU matured
own mind a
plan.
count
its cost,
40
tion of
what
to bo.
it is
and form
the dimensions,
its
halls, stairways, closets, and all that comes under the head of
conveniences
its
the modes of
and
its
floors
and
trust our
work
To develope such a
ligible
And
to those
who
will
this
is
and
make more
that
are to execute
will
timbers and
i)lan, so
care.
its
humbler
we
class, as
the combination of
construction,
doors,
may
it
it,
fully to ap[)ear.
be made intel-
requires thought
by
and
itsehf,
may be
anti-
design so elaborated
expenses,
labor.
ful disposal
room.
for
material and
It
is
and
it
other.
It is
side,
evident also,
tion are almost sure to attend the alteration which such a pro-
Take
it
When
make
The
tliem
are
floors
The
and passages.
hall below
41
so contracted as to
be
in-
some well
with
built,
Let every
man who
his
now enumerated.
own
meet
for.
No
house-plan
in its formation.
Such a study
hold,
of the
in the dwelling
which
will best
man, and
in
the
do-
mestic economy.
j)lan.
termine not only the general design, but each particular feature.
The proper
is,
not
how has
this thing
And
appropriate conditions,
lies
its
42
Every
cellcnco.
l)uililin^ is
uieant to be used
AVitliout
this
let
in
(iualitication
have
can
it
that
let
E\'ery building
structure.
tlie
its
be uianifest.
neitlu-r
true
value
beauty.
real
nir
appear
jjiirptise, if jiossiltle,
is
VILLAdi:
Au'ithri-
(piality
Falseliood
truthfuhii'ss.
human
liood
in
Why
should
it
in
\V(rds
is
false-
ennduct,
be more venial
when
We
every design
jx'rvade
sliould
wliicli
to the builder
who
attemi)ts to deceive
and
species
ot'
action.
Ibit
we do
is
Christian iutei^nity, of unwholes<jme tendency, and as incompatible witli the simi)lieity of good taste as
Of
sound moials.
may
be and
to treat
(tften
more
it
is
with that of
])articularly
when we
couie to details.
mind, uo one, in
what
])(-ints
what
lie has
portant
tlie
mueh
to
some im-
talk of
Let us consider
al)out
for a
Greek
or
moment
case re(piires.
Were
who
builds a
ture would
comfortable.
l>iicon,
this truth
Iiousl* for
"are
uppermost
to live
not
to
lo(jk
man
built
in,
be greatly modified.
Can we doubt
that
It
it
and
if
is
so,
built
it is
"to
lo
at
''
is
43
for
apart from
and
light
suitable rooms
air,
washing, and
and sleep
to live
and
in,
receptacles
all
may
visions
human
dwelling.
but there
down
These pro-
vary
set
is
will
nected.
order.
not
commend
itself to
common
first floor,
but does
Let there be
at least
warmth
sense
The
stairs
they should always be safe for children, and broad and low
the sake of the infirm and the old.
ment
of halls
and comfort
The
size,
for
and
44
l^osure to
air at
ditiereiit
tlie
liouses,
north-star,
The must
seasons.
tliis
Porches,
But
all
etc.,
if
will
man
will
and jtromoter of
day
in the sun.
judiciously dis-
make
try to
jjarlors
i.hysical
posed
AVe
verandahs, window-canojdes,
for
al)surd
forethouglit.
to tla-ir ex-
liad
his
virtue,
In
and rightly
dis-
and
by
its
is
if
error, to
suppose that
never think of looking for this quality in mere form, in symmetrical proportions, or in the fitness of things.
they settle
shape,
first
size, etc.,
natural result
In building,
is
an excess of
ill-selected
and
ill-jtlaced
The
orna-
ment.
Others seeing
little
satisfied
all
Of
the two
we rather 2)refer
the latter.
We
shall
iu>\
Used
taste,
and keep
tion.
Not
ness.
This
its
own
its
45
But
take
let it
place.
so
is
fit-
may add
palace.
hardly
fail to
home
be regarded by
its
and
this
is
When
a house
is
to be one of
it
many,
left
as in a village, there
ground, too, of
of deformity.
Money
augment
its
On
an
the
fail to
is
is
Nor
market value
and
this
is
will
seldom
a consideration
some,
it
value.
and hand-
In such a community,
its
self-interest, as well as a
up
There
mean
is
more
make
salable.
man from
put-
dwelling-house.
all
cities,
on which, by
At
first,
But
46
its rei)Utation
grew, and
its lots
now command
twice the price of others lying near, and which ought to have
But
it.
far
want
of such care.
in-
How
often have we seen whole streets and districts which have been
kept from
rising, or
them by the
Such buildings
sent.
pants.
There
will
have a correspondent
congregate,
if
least
kept
so,
when
not
made
so,
are at
irresistible influence of
example.
The example
improvement
class of occu-
in the style
is
sometimes followed by an
and taste of a
On
wdiole village.
the
who would
Such an enormity
it
is
is
fain
a real
not of law.
How
or of smell
may
is
own
An
why
its
amount
ranked as a nuisance,
be abated by
posed to ask
if
strong arm.
We
is
have sometimes
Is
it
felt dis-
nut sub-
47
Why should
the
sound
of
In regard to those moral considerations which make neatness and beauty so desirable in the arrangements and architec-
we
ture of a village^
symmetry
mind.
Its
and
a kind of
human
the
effects.
is
efforts of
so
" There
The
thing power-
first
the taste.
The perception
ment and
grossness, of decency
indecorum,
is
the
first
of beauty
and deformity, of
man
which morality
is
refine-
to
attempt
a character in
is
mode
In
called
of building.
will
regularly be accompanied
The
of the buildings,
and
it
On
is
mode
of
that intelligence
will
coarse, grovelling
town,
by
work a conviction,
Generally, they
Of
48
momls,
least influence
The
hensions.
coarsest form,
in the
exce})t
hy
rights enforced
compelled to respect,
law they
miinici[)al
may
he
necessitated to perform
lie
in
rality are found, and from which the chief enjoyments of society
They may
pay
their debts,
but
will neglect
The
'
men
good houses
see
will,
superiority in
same sense
those by
whom
derived,
is
dress, furniture,
awaken
else,
built
around them,
them
in
a sense of
in
The
and equipage.
sense of beauty
is
necessa-
rily
sesses
over defoi-mity
superiority on
is first
and
instinctively felt to
is
who can
call
I apprehend,
This,
cannot.
society
those
The
manner
make
in
for
pos-
confer this
it
the
is
it
who
which coarse
no
objects,
but
on coarse minds."
Let
all eyes,
it
entirely.
secured
irence
we may
as others are
far
and
it is
is
also
remember that
he can to awaken
and
to correct
it
it
in those
in those
is
But we must
taste.
who
taste
is
are indifferent
to
good looks,
There
is
in true
makes
later,
beauty, as in
of adaptation to
its
end,
all
Any
itself felt.
grotesque
49
in form,
when seen
deformity,
its
in contrast
happy
much
so
Consistency
is
it
at,
as
It should
will
human
a quality which, in
This
be looked
to
to live
and be
in.
no
less
size,
owner.
dwelling:.
means of
its
its
every
man must
The
may
it
true
is
How
maxim
of
question of ability
is
one which
determine what
Let
enjoins
it
build,'' is
demands very
careful
economy.
To
without a reasonable
build
is
consideration.
is
not always
regard
for
The question
of
economy
is
material,
it.
will give,
It
is
quan-
50
Hexagonal
cation.
and
cells
this is
answer perfectly
is
its ajipli-
of
the storage
for
to
is
house.
We
as
we
tomed
and
to observe
reflect
we
by inducing them
As
it.
this
is
it,
we dwell upon
The
The
sity,
which
is
But
]\Iany a
there
is
and
in the neces-
alterations,
and
fail
little
Architecture, he contends,
which
conceded that
application,
and
may understand
])y
skill
frequent practice.
unless he
means
it
Any man
it
it is
is
no
not,
univer-
of good abilities
to apply
them,
in other pursuits,
to
mystery
is
its principles,
is
arts in
which
to satisfy
to deal with.
difficult
sally
moment.
for a
shown
fees,
it
serviceable, not
it
commend
employ
persons accus-
themselves.
after
To
he cannot possibly do
this.
If
Nor,
for others as
51
cost.
The
life
all
things
excel in
of
;
as
''
would
not sufficient to
is
knowledge
little
arts, as well
it
a dangerous
is
as of medicine, will
often find that the most difficult cases are those where the patient
Many
common
without charge.
When
professional designers,
The
it
''practical
must not be
for-
may
the design
make
is
all
you need.
Houses, as we have
We
trust
you
shown, should be
adapted to the wants of those who occupy them, and these are
rarely the
same
in
any two
and,
when
carried far,
cases.
Such sameness
is
monotonous, tiresome,
Those
for.
to execute,
Such a
elevation
front.
To know how
it
it
will
look
Men
effect.
if ever,
In prac-
52
tical
carpentry,
practical designing
most truly
By
the carpenter's
To
most attentive to
is
we do not mean
this
to
but
his
own
is
special de-
may
which a designer
thus.
who
In either case, he
is
]ractical
})artment.
manual dexterity
is
cultivate
Some
business.
their
and
taste,
to
feasibilities of
mechanical con-
struction.
is
No
in mechanical builders.
and ingenuity
cise of taste
ever
\Ve conclude
lost.
cultiva-
with a
this topic
single hint.
are
many
It is
not improbable that some of these " practical mechanics " would
American
It
is
an
suitable
is
who
The man
erect large
is
and
needed
is
in building
who
some
for
Capitol.
only by those
who
make
a drawing.
He
it
archi-
satisfactory,
before he begins to
The
and dehne
is
But
no easy matter.
their
own
ideas
he has ascer-
and wishes.
In such
explain,
and
tion,
else
must conform.
architect will
much
who
his
own
his
feel
this
until
In
53
to
moral responsibility
consulting not so
and true
interests of those
It will be his
aim
adapt
so to
and
at
first,
To do
demands
special examination
above what
human
duty which
is
nature.
and
Each par-
careful thought.
artistic.
This,
when
truest value.
size
and
than
less affected
many would
suppose.
by the
Often,
The man
his difficulties.
ample space
on architectural
dollar
of abundant
must be made
means can
afford to have
tell, it
and
And
this difference
in designing the
"I
am
two
classes of structures
54
hovel or a park
than
I'litraiu-e
of a larc^e mansion."
It
is
that
architects
nerate
quence
them
is
fur those of
that
many
Under such
cost as that
more expensive
such
conse-
aid.
He who
their wardro])e.
a tolerable
The
buildings.
find>s
fit
many adopt
in regard to
among
Common mode
of i)rocuring a design
is
to take as a
buill.
model
who
ex-
To
suitable
But
which exactly
it
is
is
if
one in
perhaps no
kind of
for a different
respects
objection,
all
serious
flimily.
If,
may
be wholly
as often happens, an
it
proportions,
by
curtailment in
in
(-ne
part,
be mostly
lust,
is
designs.
caution
Those
of an original
its
The same
or
by altering
is
alterations.
ap}>lical)le
i>rincii)les
in
the f )rmation
ready-made
i)lan.
own
what
case
most suitable
is
for
55
The
him.
desio-ns
in
o
book are offered in the hope thatj while they increase the
this
add something
which such
to.
than in
benefit.
may change
it
when once
its
change can be
and
after the
work
and vexa-
made
skill.
its value.
Such a
it
safely
fixed on, be
slight degree
tion,
let it,
Even though
and
to do
it
well requires at
CHAPTEE
VII.
EFOPiE we
ples wliieli
apply
tlie
general princi-
i^^^^^
is
prominent desire
building,
K;;.,'
y^.^^
of
interests.
-dr^^
We
sideration.
Economy.
To
made, but
shall discuss
all.
it
it
requires
else.
The
men
for the
means
in building,
err
houses wliieh
only
one another.
Thus
and
That a man,
acknowledged by
shall
this
in
it
owner
the
control other
the
is
is
is
a iully
on the other
side.
exhibited in the
They do not
get what they need, nor what they can well affnid.
apparent to
all,
57
in
soon
is
the estimation of
his neighbors.
In
all
must be
may
bility,
low
Dura-
and
When
economy
most
scientific
made
the fact.
skillful
manner.
How much
thus
is
better to
mind the
Especially bear in
fact,
that
but promotive of
pose,
provided
of the house
it,
itself,
Materials.
far
In the
appropriateness must
numerous forms
still
holds,
govern.
Among
proof against
fire,
protection against both heat and cold, and need no paint, either
Were we
treating of costly
com-
ways
in
is
it
But
is
for building
Kkely to be so employed
for a
58
AND
VILL.Uil-:
Ions:
^Vllcre
time to conio.
cost of (jutiiiying
cutting
little
slight, stone
is
it
is
l-AUM COTTAGES.
it
or nothing,
may
he advantageously employed on
Walls of
roxujli
which
struetures would
are
more
plainly
for
suitable
the open
is
likely
plain as
it
houses, es})ecially
located in a village,
if
AVhen
it,
he
Z///cA-6'
may
and when
we should seldom
his
improved condition
made near
are
of a cheaper material,
shall justify
But
is,
perhaps
easily laid,
commended them
not unfrequently
and
less cheerless.
and more
finish,
Such
ap-
of architectural form,
propriate.
is
and these
qualities
to village use.
have
But, except
in those parts of our country which are l)lessed with })ale clays,
is
in use,
and
so
it
of brick and
st(jne.
an abomination to the
cost,
loood
is
But
eye.
the substance
good while to
this constitutes, in
just starting in
In the coun-
life l)Cgin
jiart, its
merit.
to live
in
them
always.
when they
handsome dwelling,
the number
is
have been no
As
their
59
shall
for their
idle
it
this to
dream.
manent, would
And
are not
meant
to be
per-
Un-
is
of small
moment.
of our countrymen,
it is
also right
less
and
fit.
than of more
solid substances,
His
suitable, there is
So far as
it
It
easy of procurement.
(it
may
be of inferior
In
size
and forms
let
the same
consistency be
observed.
quires
forests
no other, that
it
less.
many
persons to put
them
up.
They
tar, gravel
or moulds,
Where
lime, sand,
mor-
consist entirely of
laid
fast as
up
in
wooden
shells
stone, brick,
and
GO
wood
But there
more
may
To
skill
than
needed
is
for
them
Luikl
well requires
an ordinary stone
They
wall.
American
But our
origin.
and those
others,
a practice that
is
knowledge,
several
fluid
may
But
if successful,
cessful
as the experi-
arefully
One
sist on.
if
unsuc-
should be
it
weighed.
rule in regard to all materials
we would
all
are.
earnestly in-
taste truly
tecture.
is
deemed
or
still
be
If on the whole
it
wood
show as
plaster,
it
pretend to be ashlar.
we would never
advise.
of appearance or
It lias
is
a process which
it
could be
made
to
We
ours.
it
withstand our
fierce alternations of
Certainly
dry.
But
adhere.
61
It
may
is
The
to strip
for
off.
from
have actually cost more in the end, than they would have done,
if built originally of
hewn
To
Kenwood been
have found
Style.
it
originally covered
had the
utility
a structure, as a whole,
many
and comfort, a
While the
uniformity.
an unbounded
tastes of our
if
its
surface
diversity,
and expression,
close
adherence to
peculiarly desirable.
is
fanciful forms
hibit
of
less
front
rather than
Mans-
Although
sameness.
The
servile copying,
The
we hope,
beauty consists
62
determined with
mental part
is
strict
jiassing.
of a house
and
if
the
of
it is
But beauty
much
so
often
The orna-
is
first
of
consideration,
Such
The
vice in
who
and needs to
is
import.
all.
it is
at
if
is,
left
kind
I do
ornament
off,
little
mean
not
architects cannot
that
ornament
but this
that
all
architectural ornament
loveliness,
maker
You
left
that
and that no
without harm to
it.
it
is this,
is
only
the
and nothing
superfluous ornament
dress
St. Peter's
its life.
create
Eve.
single
it
all
atom
You
its
of
in its loveliness,
Kot unadorned,
as I
The
I. p.
and leave
believe,
it
but
''
388.
London
ed. 1851.
as her
so
well
Let
it
On
and judicious,
The
it
this
Much money
useless.
We
designs.
found inappropriate or
timely
if
it.
be
63
will not
has been
and
Greek
century,
we
had
Grecian
first
impulses of am-
direction.
it
Unfortunately, the
architectural styles.
in-
Ionic, or Corinthian.
and
Court-houses,
Accord-
Custom-houses,
and
Capitols.
description.
Both
in city
to edifices of this
rose
and
paint.
There
is
tliis folly
has had
its day.
We
arch.
We
flatness
mathematically
and
stiff,
easy,
is
accommodating,
But
is
it
is
its
It
which
G4
Nor
is
of Greece,
monuments,
set
up
to coi)y,
at.
The temples
this strange.
offerings, splendid
and
in
The dark
and power.
of wealtli, taste,
of the Parthe-
cell
For
in.
this
it
peristyle.
it
was to help
for the
splendid
is
it
In
it
is
of air
If
useless.
and
Look
light.
one of these
at
imitations.
it
is
Ecce signum
of steps.
huge
occu-
is
frightful flight
Custom-House
pillars
prospects.
abortive
almost wholly
The
their
beyond a respectable
twilight.
them,
is
tlie
good
it
does
is
to
make the
AVhen
still
more objectionable, as
being not only specially liable to decay, but very attractive and
accessible
to
fire.
And
climes.
If
finally tlie
low-])itclied
roofs of this
necessities of northern
this
theme,
it
is
be-
cause
we would
humble measure,
aid, in our
variety,
modern
greatest of
combine
we
of real beauty,
these
all
to banish entirely
little
direct the
writers on art,
principles of architecture,
Nor
firmly think,) he
rises out of
before
is
is
it
the
both desirable
in the great
all
(as
if,
we
good architecture
and that
therefore,
With
quahties.
believe
public taste.
65
doors,
we may be pardoned
if
we
For our-
new.
in the school of
Lamps" and
the "Seven
bombs
into the
tecture,
and
camps of
and
fell
like
Classical
confirmed
style, that
reflection
our faith.
by a
It is not
servile
We
think
any
real
it
is
to be truly
in seeking it
we must
look for
there
need of
Among
up among
is
skill.
us, in great
numbers
of late years,
it
is
not unusual
The
roof
is
many narrow
of pinnacles
gables^
if
and
All
indeed
C6
they entered at
all
into tlie
Gdthie, and
wliieli
must
This
desiL::ner's tliouglits.
is
tlie
wiiieli
<:;()vern still,
Avhenever
employed
is
it
ariu:ht.
it
is
American
cojky,
executed
in this
those stern old castles, which ^vcre not only i)roper but necessary in the days of Front de
Xnt a few
in
Boeuf
the
influ-
in
of admiration.
such cases
The
is
It is a poor
There may
l)e,
and condition of
to be, in
its
made
in
some measure
the structure.
At any
ap})arent to
It
is
not a
to a})pear in the
rate,
occupants.
the ex|ression of a
mere
if it
when
outward expression of
a man's
home
is
grossly incon-
is
all.
to the
employment of
its
inhabitant.
The
lire-})lace,
or
and mahogany,
he would be
if
man
cies
common
67
If
it
is
cjuite
Let such a
abode,
let
sant.
that of his family, are far more important than any impression
many
village
superfluous
visitors.
jiarlor, so called, is
for
In
positively
A
be
it
sensible
what
shows to
else,
it
its
man
will
is
always musty.
compel others
To ape
is
in one's house, or in
different, is
any thing
a sort of confession
The
size of a
It
is
form and
its
character.
is
is
The compari-
of the latter.
The nature
an influence in
determining not only the general form, but the constituent parts.
given design
may
if ever, will it
its distinctive
and as
each case
its
own
particular treatment.
it
it
all.
must im-
demands
in
68
Scenery and
tic
features
Architectural
])(>sition
only in
look wi-U
midst
tlie
acconnt.
tlie
of runil
ele^^^ance
The Swiss
taineers.
Among
hills,
it
is
it
may
be ada])ted to
many
In a modified
is
In what degree
points will
command
it
and fmish,
village street.
will
be seen
What
From what
If one
moun-
ibrm,
Pais-
simplicity.
])roperly
is
well to
will
need both
That there
winds to be shunned.
That there
will be rain
it
considered,
summer
and
CHAPTER
VIII.
THEKE
is little
ever be looked
in a country
where
To
same
cost of foundation
But there
economical people.
must be
is
its
recommendations.
indoors work
up
stairs,
is
more
clearly indicated.
Fortunately,
The rooms
easily done.
exceed
are cases
If the struc-
And
and
There
is
it is
are on a level.
not
The
no toilsome climbing
it,
When
terposed.
On
large
country-seats,
is
the farm-house
and the
VILLAriE
/U
obstruct
In
tlic
(.r
made
may
not
all
against a
view,
1)e
si)eeial i)reeauti<in
They should be
atmosphere.
set
well lip from the ground, with care to ])revent water from settling nnik-r, or around them.
dangerous night
air,
To
let
each
slee]i-
DESIGN
I.
smallest
amount
management
of the household.
size
It
is,
of
and most
moderate aims.
Its
l. e.,
a sitting-room,
for reading,
room,
15.
K.
may
The
and a bed-
the rear.
in
cellar stairs
fireplaces.
houses of this
vide other
may
The use
of stoves
means
for
warming
but
is
This
clotlies,
tlie
&c.
so nearly universal in
little
or cooking.
ceilings.
r.,
a closet, and a
no
ii.,
is
s.
inducement to
2)ro-
Accordingly, the
The chimney-
1>RSIGX, NO.
PLAN.
I.
71
The
placed as to
so
doors
easy, while the sitting-room has all the seclusion that can be
desired.
The
The
vertical boards,
wall
covered with
joints.
l^
a wooden house
like this.
porch,
is
make the
once reveal
little
To the last-named
purpose.
its
feature
we
call
attention.
We
regard
it
have an entrance-space, or
hall, separating
demand
it
it,
The
another.
and without
it
winds or company.
The
shelter
it
will be seen, is
both a
and an ornament.
story
is
suited to
may
easily
be added.
In
such case, the present bedroom might be used for stairway and
pantries.
like
With
Design No.
its
7, or like
JSTo.
9,
Its
some sheltered
position.
lot in
VILLAGE AND FARM COTTAGES.
72
The
lieiglit
tlie
vi^
Note.
On
nished.
But
is
Avhile, in
stone.
most
In
many
Bricks,
$1 75
$15 00 per M,
at
''
"
$4 00
hard, at
ft.
"
$28 00
per
4^
Glass, at
$2 25 per box.
skill
and experience,
at tljc irices
and work
.iHce
"
$1 12
at
Nails, at
is
plan
is
all
cts.
lb.
above given.
$1 02 per day.
ground
at
common
wi
we have assumed
Good lumber,
cases, these
at
labor,
In
Carpenter's work, at
Common
differ so greatly as to
a basis of calculation,
"
we
walls, or foundation
Mason\s
of tlie
spot,
oust
cellar
The
6 in.
ft.
our estimates
As
tlie
nothing for
is
estimated at 575.
Iniildiiig, as sliowii, is
to mislead.
rooms
sum
we have
must be made.
DESIGN NO.
II.
three.
tlie
Here we
living-room,
heing cut
off for
DESIGN, NO.
II.
"* ^-^
^K;
'LAX.
the purpose.
Without
arrangement
is
73
is
By means
by an open
and a
one.
As more
may
be changed to a close
cellar
may
be made
very
In
ience.
for stairs
every conven-
the
this,
have
cannot
interior.
a door
we
small houses
the other.
it
wanted
for sleeping,
roof.
But
case.
erected in front.
In this
case, the
carried
to the side, the two principal rooms converted into one, and
horizontal lines of which suit its spreading form and low roof.
The
details of cornice
ment
is
The
scarcely used.
TDrominent point of
*icvv,
structure
could
fit
still
abode
for
is
It
removed from
or widow,
where they
Height of rooms, 9
feet.
74
Note.
In
exi)]anatioii of tlie
It certainly
is
Tills
wuidd ho generally
They show,
inipossihle.
Avill
vored
Much was
appropriate.
effect of a building
it
may be
wo
is
hammer and
endea-
])lan
and to their
and
amid surroundings
was
taste
Not-
gene.'al
like these,
nail, is
III.
whom
On
own way.
sort,
busy
who
like
had thought of
see so
He wanted
was intended, as
this plan
in sight.
to do things in their
liouse.
which the
better appreciated,
is
else
we have
DESIGN NO.
It
what may
and grounds.
skill is
with
artists
than
To the
hope.
deemed
and
we
bo useful, suggestively,
at least,
trees, shruhber}',
and
To
difierently disposed.
in the shade,
sit
You
veran-
own views
air,
of con-
who
insisted that
it
mere
fancy.
The
cornice
is
bl(jcks.
the plan.
At
An
first it
cornered
He
i)art
of
DESIUX, NO.
III.
75
Not
barn-like.
it
so now.
Prairie
Honeysuckles will
soon climb the slender columns of the verandah, and hang be-
festoons.
Ere
The maize-patch,
stand.
at
once scorned the homely dwelling will stop to gaze, and long to
enter.
The
They will
was planned to
Each room
is
its mistress.
way
to others.
The
these rooms
is
Each
of
The
The
Height of rooms, 8
ft.
in.
DESIGN NO.
IV.
The rooms
of the
main building
first,
are disposed
as a parlor.
each a pantry.
The
sitting-room, kitchen,
7G
The
exterior, as coinpart'il
^vitll
attention to syiiuiR'try,
in
tlie
details.
The
and
summer
for
taste,
style.
as
It
well
as
would he
servants.
and sheltered by
charms
It
decorated
is
of roof, as
The
great extent
more expensive.
Height of rooms, 9
XoTE.
In
The estimated
ft.
of
tliis
chapter, there
This i)rovision
is
is
cost is 1000.
an inclosed space between
inmates against tho heat of the eummer sun, but to aid in retaining tho
scuttle
of one storv.
fire.
To
is
be some mode of
1>KSIG.\,
'"^
N^.
'
rr.Ax.
NO.
CHAPTER
IX.
AS the
reason, then,
lialf
With some
and a
it is
asserted that
side walls,
is
in consequence,
ventilated.
better to give
and by means of a
flat, or
When
in the construction, be
lated,
and to
pense.
We
other, as
with
it
whom
made almost
vertical walls.
finish
them
for
But
it
story
easily
and
of reasons, in cases
below them.
steejJ
very
It is
story.
sort
itself to that
than of any
numerous
class
DESIGN NO.
many
uvneral form,
its
Ill
^vllicll
])reteiuling
may
any
V.
design
tliis
but
difll'rs
sliglitly
originality,
it
from
Without
admitting
upper-story accommodation.
tlie
staircase
The
llie
front entry,
and
is
have a platform
stairs
above the rear entry, from which they are returned over a recess
in the living-room, a little lower
rear extension
may
than the
rest of the
The
room.
which
rests
The
made on
for
a pantry.
closet
story.
In houses like
this,
rises
Ki...oi'_
Ql^^\
tlie
house.
The
way
ney
ter.
another room.
The
exterior
No room
is
t'Tiii
points of ditference
is
regular.
and
made
The
make
coiid'ort.
the passage
little
chim-
brick
The
each apartment,
No
often
in
uKc.M,
is
inii)rove
As
tho
this cot-
desig::^,
ko. t.
riKST STOP.T.
VV.
7.6
L.R
No.
I'l>l<..\,
'^t
M.
m
^'^
km
rvTT'c ;-
FIHSI- >T(>nY.
[
L
__^
aV
is
it is
gardener's, or laborer's
The
Its sides
and
suitable for a
Or
it
might
serve as the
ment.
79
it
In such case
it
may
battens.
Height of
first
story 7
ft.
Length of posts 11
in.
ft.
Cost, 820.
DESIGN NO.
VI.
to
remove
it,
and convert
and a
On
flat
feet
into a dwelling.
roof
it
is
shown
feet
in this design.
the lower floor there are two rooms, each fifteen feet long
a good
pantry,
The
The
rooms, as
Either
of partition
is
wasted.
is
observed in the
SECOND FLO OB.
second story.
will
size.
it
80
The
two
first
feet
six
story
is
inelies
ciglit
(between
and
floor
at the side of
ceiling)
chamber.
the
This leaves
liigli.
But, two
feet
from the
room
five
is
and a half
feet.
is
As
of the roof
the chambers
-^
\i^_^
i'gj
]-
but
The
regular.
is
also perfectly
side
covering
is
The verandah
Through a
little
This exterior
=j|
^''
The
can
adult
I'
* 8ECTI0W.
style.
an
^M*^^^^^^^^^ ^M^
m
g
where
square,
feet
There
is
is
simply made,
it
The
should.
Height of
first
ft.
story 8
ft.
in.
at the ceiling.
Second story 2
ft.
in.
at
Cost, 900.
DESIGN NO.
VII.
By adding
in front,
four
we obtain
is
* This section
])arl(r
is
f)r
reversed in en;
social
occasions.
The
"l->Ii-V,
NO.
VII.
I'ln^T STOIJY,
81
a family without
servants,
is
is
is
designed
and the
meant
to
household work.
The smoke
flues
shown, or they
may
may be
up
carried
as
be brought together
and provided,
The
floor
and open
No.
as in
6,
win-
front
like doors,
in shape
far,
and uniform
in parts.
window canopies
same
as
But
size,
In this we
in
VIII.
all
and each
of the sec-
Cost, $1000.
DESIGN NO.
Thus
The form
SECOND FLOOK.
form, and
its
own
position,
is
no feeling of de-
last.
but
its
less
accommodation than
for
pantry of genji-
82
and CDinniunicates
size,
Oils
entrances, and
The
front
window
witli
tlirectly
stairs
and
many
savinjj;
real
stejjs.
is
The
front
tlio
witli
on sunny days.
air
(uninclosed)
On
8.9x14
.-2^3^
the
and
Numbers
6,
They
together.
placed where
seem appropriately
will
other
hills or trees, or
ob-
tall
12x15
-T
jects,
are seen
if
in
and
of a different stamp.
tools,
and
class,
who
accommodation
in his wishes,
and
wants
for
IX.
make
rear
DESIGN NO.
compelled to
The
siderable
On
Our
lines,
eK-^OND n/'Or.
look as
7,
at small cost.
We
may
suppose
are dis2)osed or
The house
its
owner
of
before us
to be
is
moderate
in his habits.
With
DESIGN',
NO. IX.
83
84
DESIGN NO
We
X.
heave
The hving-room
and
The hay-window,
is
of
One
hall,
room.
The door on
the, other
The
^m,
wood-room annexed.
may
it
from the
If not
for
place.
its
cellar stairs
The house
stories.
and
and
2:)icture
priate surroundings.
field, as if it
stories
same as
arc
well
The
l)attens.
its cliarac-
its
appro-
forgotten.
Height of
is
The
being
Let the
this
The chimneys
11.'
front.
needed,
wood-room
SKCOND
lat-
extension
smaller
substituted in
16
inclosed.
back-kitchen
14-
and bed-
stairs,
rear, as show^n,
in No. 9.
Cost, $1,100.
DESIGN, NO.
\.
DESIGN, NO.
FIP..ST
S'lOIIY
XI.
ri.AX.
L^J
hnL
-Ig
3 X 14.7
:3-!d
DESIGN NO
This cottage
is
85
XI.
been presented.
an entrance
enough
hall, large
five
to answer as a sitting or
an eat-
square.
back-kitchen, wood-
room, pantries,
in
etc.,
are furnished
an extension at the
rear.
closet.
is
In the
form of
SECOND FLOOR PLAN.
a bay to
room.
make them
vertical,
useful
is
and pleasant.
though clapboards
This house
The
will answer.
in decoration
and
finish.
The
9.
Cost, $1,500.
roof has
The
by brackets.
verandah
three of
sides,
cornice.
The height
of
sawn
The
stories
86
DESIGN NO XIL
is
more
larpjer size
to
But
costly.
it
commend
predecessor
its
Such
to some.
are,
rooms of
summer comfort)
balustrade
its
external form.
would show
single
glance at
and
features
its
finish
explanation.
The
stairs, start-
hall,
land on a platform, six feet above the floor, from which they return over the bedroom
closet.
At
the rear of
The
staircase.
flight,
is
the
goes
down
stairs,
hall,
that part of
cased.
in
starting
back
cellar
it
beyond
is
beyond
it,
DESIGN, NO.
XII.
one
in the centre,
the same.
much
The
simple brackets.
The verandah
is
front gable
and
solid
plain,
Sawn brackets
its construction.
is
may
be divided
But they
are decorative
are of plank,
supported on
as for light.
features also.
There
stairs.
are of brick,
for ventilation as
is
The chimneys
front half.
There
for each.
87
window has a
and
is
flower-balcony.
so finished as to
show
eaves.
The
story
first
is
The second
is
like those
last described.
Though
village lot,
this house
it is
surface, or outline.
It is
weU
lot
on which
may
it
No
Some
common
cost of this
house
is
practical
man may
per-
and
packing-box.
The
size.
alteration should he
He may wonder
In
streets.
be easily spoiled.
its irregularity.
in
somewhat irregular
$1,625.
for a
CHAPTEK.
COTTAGES.
HILL-SIDE
T7R0M
-*-
convenience or from
X.
clioice,
many
When
judiciously selected
many
and
Raised
advantages.
float over
From such
air.
commands,
of the landscape.
points, as
from
lofty
watch-
and beauty
and
loveliness
such as
make
cool repose.
Notwithstanding
the fiitigues of climbing and the dangers of descent, the remoteness and seclusion to which such situations are sometimes incident, and their peculiar exposure to the blasts of winter, there
are always
some who
will live
site,
it
else.
pro])erly fitted
its
to
an unusual or
own.
We
like to
is
nowhere
We
what
difticul-
conformed
to
its
position,
and made
to
HILL-SIDE COTTAGES.
By way
may
wMch
situations possess,
they
89
offer
in
such
which
two designs
for
hill-side cottages.
ill-ventilated.
less
who
it
evils.
The man's
heneath
class of
But
two
floors.
such a story
stairs, it
its
and lahors
To
give
should contain
all
to great advantage.
floor,
en-
The ground
the house, not only for drainage, hut to prevent the settling
The
floor
should he
elevated somewhat ahove the ground, and the side walls should
be " furred
off "
with wooden
and the
strips to
inside plastering.
The
cellar,
impure
air.
damp
90
Such a
in
])lace8.
stor}^,
screened
if
necessary,
and
the whole be
let
and
Houses thus
is
desirable
it
pleasing by the
Nor
ment.
vine,
made
tree.
In placing
consulted.
it
fitted to
street.
DESIGN NO.
This design
on which
it
XIII.
is
fronts.
come
first to
may
may be
in the
economically
room below.
warmed by
The
beyond the
of sickness.
stairs to the
upper
stairs is
provided witli a
sized parlor.
floor start
is
The
fire2)lace
is
a stove
from
the basement
large
bedroom
for use in
case
a smaller bed-
Every apartment on
this floor
PESIGX. NO.
XIII.
The under
HILL-SIDE COTTAGES.
91
and a living-room.
From
the main
room
is
The
floor.
warmed by a
be
to
living-
under the
and outer
wall,
cellars
the
kitchen.
The upper
floor
open from
may
In these
be made such
pantries as are
Make
sure of an air-
between
the plastering
space
which
two
needed.
BASEMENT PLAN.
There are
stairs.
cellar
windows
in the rear.
the side, and four large closets, which are two and a half feet
This
is
ow-
roof.
An
additional closet
may
stairs.
little
regu-
we
trust,
its
aspect.
It is designed for a
would involve a
at once bold
sacrifice of utility.
This
of winter protection.
In
its
cottage.
main
make
Swiss
this style
92
proper on
some such
well
tlie
look
all
tlie
2)0siti()n
among
intended.
is
It
the better
and
us,
for
woukl
suit
and
will
hill,
if
is
it
are left
it
The
The
lower story of rough stone, the rest of wood, and the sides
boarded
The framework
vertically.
of the
and the
galleries
Some
made
the
if
climate
allow,
and
might
fruit
few
in
native
years
be
gallery.
The
is
still
roof,
the
Especially
it
will be
seen,
most prominent
may
feature.
Such
it
ought to be.
this be
effect
may
In
be obtained
may
sit
and
showery climes.
looks, all
Whatever
peoj^le
nience,
roofs.
which
we
roof.
that wherein
it
it is
differs
its
shelter;
cleft in
rocks or
HILL-SIDE COTTAGES.
bower in woods.
It
93
is
its
centrated.
my
neath
my
'
be-
walls.'
all,
and
you
eye,
must continually
"
Now
how important a
must always be
it,
mind
to the
as well as to the
arise.
is
so all-important in a
Do you
own dwelling-house
of stories
It is vain to say
part of the
any height
for granted.
You may
as
kind in
reality,
may
And whatever
also.
wiU always
importance
he spoke
less
if
to be
And
something
espe-
this
of far
is
is
in
sleet.
it
with decoration
be a heartlessness about
conquer
above
all,
it,
which you
the fagade
handsome
but there
will not
will
as
you
always
know how
to
94
its
of strange inventions
decoration,
and yet
in
will never
look right.
"
Now
need not
you that, as
tell
it
is
sake of the effect upon the mind, that the roof should be visible,
so the best
whith
will render it
most
visible,
in the
North
is
that
the best and most natural, I say, because this form not only
throws
off
dries fastest,
The
8
feet.
Estimated
cost,
for ventilation."
9 feet high
is
''
Basement,
walls, 1,300.
Our second
road.
The
hill-side plan is
principal front
is
meant
less of
by some valley
side, or
for a position
it
is
is
suited.
Gentle swells
To make
it
harmonize
made
side.
below the
on the higher
therefore
remarks just
vines, etc.,
may
* Lectures
be applied equally to
this.
HILL-SIDE COTTx^GES.
The
internal arrangement, as
shown by the
explanation.
little
95
on the small balcony at the end, are long and are hung on hinges.
and
are
four
closets.
feet
two
side
feet
;
a result which
lower pitched
is
due to the
The
roof.
stairs are
space.
reference
to the
80
"
BASEMENT PLAN.
as this.
The
position of the
upper
flight
plan.
/\
9.4 X 14
Where
in
n:
may
9.9P? 13
9.9x13
and
attio plan.
original planning
DC
more
tiling
been alhuk'd
to give line
The
in
already, but
>
upon
position,
whieh
its
easily
it is
so
line.
house
is
one
parlor
its
vale.
U})right boarding
building,
this
mode
here.
In the
first
ruling,
and
it
some objections to
are
of covering
them
state
But there
preferred.
universal
is
wooden
place, clajjboards
is
walls,
if
specially
and we may
form a
sort
as well
of horizontal
Now
still
what
it
it
is
often
is
designs.
The second
and shade.
objection
is
by projecting members.
character at
face
all.
It is
would be without
its
surface
human
The
hori-
not
unlike
the
parallel
lines
of an
engraving,
cannot
thus impairing,
if
but
not
HILL-SIDE COTTAGES.
neutralizing,
tliis
eaves, canopies,
part of the
and
97
intended by projecting
effect
sills.
The
The
first
first cost
of thin clapboards
is
To balance
and that
tions.
is
But
when
all this
is
In dura-
decidedly inferior.
power
is
Height of basement, 7
feet.
Main
CHAPTER
XI.
MANY
We
selves.
may
we have thus
is
so
much
It
could,
if
diversity in
is
the
constitu-
men
build, or to think,
of
it
just
alike.
But the
which make
houses.
The
two-stor}^
it
dwelhng
has
important
advantages,
To
effect this,
is
reach of many.
many high
AVe
it
him a
think
it
large liouse,
too.
In such cases, we
FIIJST
STOKY I'LAX.
Whea
house,
lias
a more
99
we have
3.
and look
Such
struc-
Design No.
a right
and simple
details,
harmo-
well.
and mean.
A large
house
is
if built
These, however,
if
The
them
within the limits of excellence and cost which we have prescribed for ourselves.
which
sistent
The
and
cost as
and better
fifteenth
sacrifice, to
Such houses,
qualities.
if
mere
needed,
The forms
it
may
We
be regarded as a detached
This
it
in
common.
In some
member from
some
a city
respects.
The kitchen, for instance, has been hfted above ground into
100
the
and the
liglit,
Standing out, as
free air.
main
does,
it
by the
it
helps
building.
side wall,
to the hall.
The
has a bay-window.
But
it.
ago
for
^^
:
said
I hold
them
of good use,
''
:
You
delioditfulness of a
-^
'^'
'"
And Buskin
is
it
wealthy.
Many
us.
front parlor
of this feature
bow window.
Now
you
have nothing to do but to resolve that every one of your principal rooms shall have a
And
so, too,
bow window,
''
:
Our common,
small, frerpient
We
windows
in
many-angled, or circular
be recessed
These
days.
little
chambers of
in forests, in hot
liglit
sununer
may
time
the elements
^^'ithout
chill,
wet, or exposure
full access to
these
are the
glory of a dwelling."
The frame
of this
window
is
carried
up
to the roof,
forming
an open balcony
101
communicates with
Back
of the
main
summer
hall there
Under
sive,
kitchen pantry.
The
seat.
may
front entrance
is
is
avoided, as
it
is,
slopes
it
back on every
side.
by a break
houses
a large
Ours
naked.
;
rest.
it
round.
is
error in such
showy cornice in
all
is
gross,
wood
gable
in the outline,
the part of the roof near the walls being steeper than the
We
roof
sive.
be a
The main
may
protected by a canopy, in
left
front,
entirely
an honest cornice of
real
is
It
still,
The chimneys
joints.
The
if
The
windows are
inches thick.
The foundation
walls,
may
laid,
whe-
VILLAGE AND FARM COTTAGES.
102
perstructure,
and covered
terminates and
linislies
Height of
wooden base
gutter
is
formed
Second
9 feet.
roof
is
of tin, laid
which
in the cornice,
first story,
which
or water-table,
The
on an even surface.
carries the rain
l)y
rear.
story, 8 feet G
inches.
Cost 1,250.
The rooms,
of No. 11.
parlor
The
front
L
r
:u
" ^
'^
,; ,^ :^
windows of
two
The
window^s.
valuable, while
Many
has
wall-veil
12
^JiMM
There
this
This
in one.
mwrnA
The
cornice.
roof
is
these
many
_,
L^
Of
_^^,i,,^,^ji^
floor.
^^ ^^
i
at the
roof.
is
is
fc
one in the
in the hall.
This
front,
visible
is
plain
frame-
may
In
be inclosed, making
its
Its regular
predecessor.
where
it
may be
covering
its
form makes
it
tliis
house
is
like
The
lot
on which
it is
to stand should be
grounds about
103
it.
Height of each
story, 9 feet.
Cost, $1,200.
to
culiar character,
may
find application
It
is
meant
to
and development
in
more
important structures.
It
who can
and
tastes
occupies a level
do not overshadow
it.
site.
Shade
left.
may
Observe
On
stand.
piano
its
less deep^
formal, the
This
corner.
is
is,
is
parlor
is
is
a pleasant bay-window.
Without being
apartment, which
There
room
The
arrangement.
stiff or
The house
on the
of one
may
serve as a library
hall.
The
kitchen, with
its
104
B.R
12.8X
14
ffi
1/
ornamented.
and
its
toji
105
effect.
rest
of the structure
and
to enhance the
to the whole.
They have no
projecting caps, but rely for character on the dejDth of the jambs.
In brick and stone work, strength and good looks alike demand
the arch.
This roof
is
is
very different.
shingles.
Height of
81,875.
first
story,
9 feet.
Second
story, 8 feet.
Cost^
CHAPTEE
XII.
FARM-HOUSES.
ITfANY
-^^^
bandmen
some degree, to
wliicli
open country
Such hus-
and to limitations,
village influences,
of our design.
adapted to the
will
flirm-
subject, in
from
by
ers.
exempt.
As
Though the
village,
and
such, they
plans given in
its vicinity, it is
this
chapter are
many
We
DESIGN NO.
Tlie lieart of a farm-house
is
XVIII.
the kitchen.
Arnund
tliis. all
(>])C'rations
The demands
FIi;ST 6'IOKY
I'l.AN.
107
FARM-HOUSES.
provided for in the same kitchen where the ordinary work of the
family
farm
done.
is
life,
avoid.
force
the utmost
The
of generous dimensions.
There
is
of her duties,
can
it,
sel-
demands
concentration possible.
usually
This mAiltiplica-
may wish
dom
it is
light enters on
two of
its
is
sides.
if
desired.
of the house.
able), this
room
arrangement makes
the work
it
is
desir-
Such an
when
is
The
which
being oppressively
warm
in
it
is
from
summer.
p,
The
scullery, or
wash-room,
s,
size,
with walls of
may
The
be connected, if desirable.
same width,
as shown,
it
Such an arrangement
wood-room,
tool-house,
of the roof,
be deemed
be extended of the
Should
may
summer
from
&c.
roof,
until
it
will furnish a
The verandah.
108
being carried
way.
whole length,
]rovi(les a
It
staircase,
heneath
cellar stairs
and
tlie
front
hall,
it
parlor,
nearly regular in
its
To them
company.
tit
calls,
a pleasant room,
who seldom
room that
families,
wish to see
see, or
is
liable to
is
is
to stay in.
The
is different.
in size,
arrangement.
ment
last-
in cases of sickness.
The
social
Avitli
parlor,
The
closet
with a hack
The
Such
this
is
our arrange-
apartment the
front door
is
is
meant
to
for family
enjoyment.
and bedroom,
will
The second
permit them
between
all to
be occupied.
chambers.
These are
five feet
high at the walls, and below the ceiling eight and a half
The
hall
the back
is
so divided tliat
stairs,
feet.
tliree
with
tlie
front llight.
may
If
be at the
109
FARM-HOUSES.
hand
left
corner,
it
and
This room,
hall.
its
a larger one,
c,
front
There
hall.
is
an inclosed ladder
also
Three of
to the roof.
flues.
be thought too
by
large
those
who
The well-rendered
view in the cut, makes
unnecessary a minute
description of the exterior.
The
walls are
such as
many farms
up with
wood, are
The
so
all
The
apertures are
necessarily of
and gables
convenient
of the
is
The
shingles,
sides
They would be
by
cornice
The
if
covered
110
The
expression of
house
tliis
is
and
it.
individualized.
The
story
first
is
9 feet high.
feet to 8
feet 8 inches.
The
facility of obtaining
Making no
it
calcula-
would be $1,900.
The convenience
of household oj)erations
here combined
is
short
is
entry,
this plan,
light.
kitchen
with
closets.
living room.
same ends.
to be a dining
at each end,
it
that
If regularity and
and a
and
fireplace
satisfy the
boiler.
pantry on
From
tlie
and a
fit
is
room must
is
more
and
In
p,
hall,
The
p, is
air
of a
It is well furnished
symmetry
most mathematical
feature
are pleasing,
this
eye.
this, a rear
FARM-HOUSES.
to a larger pantry beyoncL
entry,
tlie side
hall, containing
snug
is
stairs are
ascended from
beneath them.
central
On
The back
Ill
one side
is
sitting-room,
little
a good-sized parlor
on the
same dimensions.
those
of
second floor
are
rooms,
of
irregular
and there
is
Of
also a store-room.
is
lighted by windows
the
in
rear
gable,
mer
over
the
side
Above the
entrance there
front
is
and
ceiling
The
chambers on each
somewhat peculiar
for closet
six
feet
side
in form.
and
alike,
is
is
though
inclosed
less,
than
VILLAGE AND FARM COTTAGES.
112
The
may
liall
front bedroom.
This
That
may
may
is
is,
be put on the
left,
and
side
verandah
The construction
is
meant
much
out
The
vice versa.
and
The
the walls.
ting
oft'
The
gables themselves
In the latter
shingled.
case,
much
may
is
be either battened or
Height of
first
story,
own honest
front
part,
face.
9 feet
rear, 8 feet 6
inches.
DESIGN NO XX.
This, in some respects, approaches more nearly than the
others, a
the lowest
with
2)''ii't,
is
nearly as high as
It is frank
flat ceilings.
many
may be
principal lines,
at
still
modest,
to
story,
second
Its
direction of its
roof,
which
r^
K
16
1-
16
pfCf
15
Hie
FARM-HOUSES.
to the
and
ing) will
make
it
which
is
it
new
it
is
The windows
apparent height
113
tliis
house to be of wood.
are simple
The
cornice
and strong,
in appearance.
The
is
meant
solid
for
The brackets
>D i'Luuil
In
its
It beloncs
PLAX
makes no show
of rusticity.
114
VlI.LA(ii:
Buitalde
Its
coiii}taiiinii for
our
would be no un-
village edifices.
liest
interior arraiigenients
It
show an adaptation to
also
The
villai^e life.
tlic
communi-
front hall
Back
and by the
of these stairs
kite-hen,
The back
stairs rise
the kitchen.
There
bedroom has
one.
is
j)antry,
fail
with interior
closet,
first
floor
even temperature
second
stor}^
has
s.,
back
hall,
The
main
sufficient
additional
is
by hollow
five sleeping
There
flues.
the
a tool-room,
of the
and
story extension.
with suKjke
all
to be n(jticed.
opens from
accommodation
from
hall, are
The
floor.
spot,
this
is
staircase
]trinei]tal
t. r.,
a wood- room,
etc.
an
The
good
The
is
also a
is
may
su}tj)ly
of closets.
stairs.
Height of
first
5 feet to 8 feet
(J
story, 9 feet.
inehes.
Height of second
Cost, 2,450.
story,
from
1>KSI<;N,
FlIiijT
N(.
STOIJY
XXI.
I'l.AN.
r"i
r-.l
M--;:--i-i
k
'
'
>
-.
? 6
f-i
r
^
I
CHAPTER
XIII
DOUBLE COTTAGES.
IN
and
cities
villages,
same house.
To
of a home,
its
own
rooms.
is
limited,
make two
"When
distinct habitations
in the
live
and land
it is
is
exclusive
its
individual
dear,
and dwell-
sometimes advantageous to
under one
roof.
between
own
lot.
As
but
all
this
may
air,
As
it is
still
side, or
may
some
give to
116
mode
this
a decided preference.
of a manufacturing place,
between the
costlier single
We
union an
tlie
edifice of
As
we think
uniform appearance.
it
a matter of truth,
should appear.
table garden.
it
own
in front tlie
liave its
easily
if tlie
should be
made by something
and vege-
and
If there
slight, as a fence
of chain or wire.
The body
ried
of this building
round three of
verandahs, v v.
its sides.
s,
adjoining,
may
lean-to
is
car-
is left
and the
The arrangement
The
rise
sculleries,
The
the stairs.
The
with
of each house
chief entrance
nearly square.
In parts this
side entry,
is
is
is
through the
closet
behind the
floor of
each house,
DKSHJX. No.
WM.
X
-\
L_
hr
J
Jl
;uu
iJi
DOUBLE COTTAGES.
rear of the stairs
may
117
the back
fireplace
needless.
T-cie
texis
;;:|3.3.6|
front.
would probably be
3^5
118
Nothing
The back
No.
in
steps,
the
s,
pkn
by an open porch, as
are covered
in
Design
2.
four chambers.
in the rear
is
window
lighted by a dormer
The
plainer.
room
chamber
is
though
is
not un-
pleasing.
Height of
stories, as in
the
last.
Cost, 1,950.
It
may be
first
&
14.
u_
H.p
'
8 p
"
_n
15.
^
6.6
<
14
16
l|l
DOUBLE COTTAGES.
or of brick.
tlie
former.
The
The
and only
in this one,
using
walls, in either
inside.
By
so far enlarged.
119
In this de-
roof.
It
Hundreds
different affair.
become
so
so
notoriously
that
we
The verge-boards
feel
of our
we
allude.
steam-sawn,
so pretentious a display,
unsubstantial, cut-joaper-like,
and are
and perishable,
rightly
made and
appropriately placed.
Such
details,
when
120
In the
meant
ornament, so far as
c'.tnstnu'tion of arcliitectural
to l<nk like
less skillful
of
the result of
human hands
liartl
we
Avork,
l)elieve
tlie
it
is
more or
toil
This would
seldom
if
But
art.
it is
them
to violate truth
The verge-hoard
and honesty
before us
is
of
thick plank, and the cutting aims at simplicity and grace rather
than elaborateness.
The
what
in
interior
advance of the
last.
Though more
two
distinct
through
WOOD ROOM
tlie
front doors,
The
marked as
clearly
houses, they
are,
proximity of
the
really
more
social.
rear
story are
The
rear door
ment
of which
plan by
itself.
is
arrange-
shown in a
This
is
of wood,
Height of
first story,
8 feet 6 inches.
Cost,
if
'^"^^
IjattCncd.
feet G inches.
luilt of brick,
Second
story,
feet to
-^-.rg^l^^S:
;_r-
rii:ST
lg^JpTr
'J
STOHY
I'l.AX.
r
-
lO
1
(
13
I...:
J
\
14
I;
-,
I-
4-
DOUBLE COTTAGES.
121
The
two
stories,
when they
height
is
an example of this
sort.
ob\dated
is
may
be adopted
nearly square,
is
parts,
The
partitions.
and
so as
to swing back,
when opened,
cellar doors,
side wings,
in the latter,
and
is
The
made
pleasant by verandahs.
The
may
rear ex-
tension, of the
closets,
the
or they
doors.
This
may
be fur-
etc.
of themselves
may
retire to
joleasant
recesses,
The opening
into the
glazed door
If the parlor be a
recesses
will
make
may
be introduced,
if
needed, in winter.
and pleasant
conservatories.
122
r~
3:^-
6ECONU FLOuF.
In
into
two rooms,
suiTo-ests
at
much
village.
divided
richness of detail,
and
skill,
aim
is
])rocesses, appliances,
in, or
I'l.AX.
It
it
The
exi)ression
Height of each
story, 9 feet.
Cost, ?3,000.
little
CHAPTER
XIV.
INTERIORS.
'
<^^rf^ -^
^-^^
preceding de-
scriptions, the
-^J^yilQ^
mode
of finishing interiors
tion.
This, no less
aad good
tion
taste.
We
di-^tinct
ject.
Walls.
Walls
titions are
and par-
It is a poor j^ractice, to
Not
to mention
in the cold.
and
no
ceiling,
AH
And
plastered.
from
as this
is
cellar to attic,
and good
fuel.
To
looks,
and,
as to the cost,
it
will
you
would
promote neatness
124
sort, a useless
only needless,
The
expense.
l)ut
undesiniMe.
If
tlie
finisli
cumpounded with
not
is
It will
Letter fur
it.
If you choose, you can give them, with lime-wash, before they
it
we approve
be demanded, resort
had
is
If something
water,
and may
Paper
is easily,
rapidly,
it
or
to jjaint,
is
that
said respecting
former
most universal.
cheerful tint,
light,
preferable to white.
Almost any
color.
is
But
It is not free
is
from objections
The
not injured by
it
cannot be washed,
more than a
paper.
is
expensive.
When
times papered, without removing the former coats, the accumulated layers of jiaste have themselves
For
these,
Are
may
be of service.
or fitness of a paper
It is a
is
still let
cheerfulness be the
})re vailing
is
tone.
jtajier wa.s so
If
suita-
Wo
dark as
125
INTERIORS.
In the
Those pictured
humble
Where
of your children.
there
clioice of figures
however
walls,
much blank
is
and
space,
may
it
be
figure.
efi'ect,
Next the
always be placed.
All grained
be
color in panel
is
etc.,
may
and then
We
difi'erent
laid,
The tendency
in wall-paper or carjDets,
room.
first
what we
We
rooms, unless
it
in
more
as years advance,
step,
is
hood.
and
and
is
felt
more and
infirmities increase.
low, broad
This
not only the easiest for age, but the safest for child-
To
In
fault of stairs,
size,
and
is
worth a special
effort,
else.
balusters, should be
The newell
post, hand-rail,
and
and
and
this is
enough
for small
126
houses.
procuraLle,
will of course
bo
preferred.
it,
suppose
Some
it
wood
native
Mouldings.
windows,
is
it
far fetched.
The
is
same regard
tlie
is
may
be
2)lain strips
In
drawn,
wave
it is
lines.
single
arc.''''
poor economy to
is
make the
Painting,
They
common
that
senseless fashions,
be some
ing
its
In
wood and
we may almost
it
will
satisfiiction to
when
have
its
stone.
call
it
all
that
shams.
is,
the
Like other
a rage.
It
would
tlie
famished suitable
for
each design.
to elsewhere,
mouldings are
127
INTEEIOKS.
What
gained by
is
Yet
the grainer.
his
You
it ?
admire,
it
may
in its place,
and even
if it did,
which
the pains.
eye,
you cannot,
make a
all
To copy rosewood
or
mahogany because
false
To
mean.
But the
is
folly
sometimes goes
is
still
ridiculous.
further.
In one of our
Its
little
made
to
show
Some
false
years
watering-places where
cheapness, the
it.
As
a matter of
Subsequently, a
men
Of kindred
may
liable to fall
origin
for the
knew how
when
Into
is
the
first
These practical
lies,
which are pernicious and offensive every where, are surely most so
128
to religious worship
And now
that
wood
instruction.
us ask again,
let
for
all sorts,
way be turned
in this
we
might
AVe
itself.^
beauty.
have pines of
fit
if
why
so pleasing,
is
much
and
to
The
good account.
use of these
finish of houses.
Oiled or varnished they will retain their natural hues, or will but
^\ill
The
be avoided.
woods may
light colored
which merely
woods
will
tints without
make
Our
carpets ?
excellent floors.
Why must
comjilained.
while their
own
may
con-
fine woolly
is
They should be
first,
if it
of these
Dust
objectionable.
stain,
we always tread on
at
Some
disguising them.
floors so
carefully laid
be variegated by the
sional oiling
in the end.
Window
if
life.
made
of these woods.
In
all
In such cases
cases
it
would be
129
INTERIORS.
well to
make
We
applicability
trust they
to build, to the
to their
Windows.
tures
Windows
and expressive
size,
in
effect
fea-
depend
some degree
With
large
enough to be shut
off
curtain
may
its
own
In some of them
shade.
it
may
be well to
and the
The
coolness
and
and
cover.
much promo-
and modified
or without.
fere less
at pleasure.
easily
managed, and
inter-
Good
them
colored or white,
when you
friend,
more
be hung within
finish requires
If
may
Venetian blinds
all
may
upon the
wall.
avail themselves of
At
all
events, good
130
tlieir
now
are
so
common
in cottaize
o
windows.
many
them
dispense with
wholly.
winter,
and not
accommodated
curtains are a
or black walnut,
fliir
No
and
to the
field for
they will be
means of the
the exercise of
Your carpenter
If selected with
The window
family.
maple
Yet, in
will
make
better ones of
in
the family.
Kitchens.
To
makes the
It is of the
best hearth.
The
ing
Stone of large
If brick be used
it
floors especially
size
should be painted.
by
so desirable, kitch-
it is
tight,
and
and sickness-breed-
air.
Fireplaces.
Many
Others
Marble mantels
will
be deemed beyond
the style of these houses, at least for the most part, and no one
who has
rea.d
what precedes,
will
The
finish
around the
fire-
Door-Bell.
Our experience
in
INTERIORS.
131
admission at
for
have a door-hell.
Ice.
among
have
and
its
convenience great.
its
ice-box or refrigerator.
Its cost is
Where
gives.
distribution
and
come
number
one of daily
to be
Furniture.
formed,
The immediate
As, however, he
is
apartments.
to particular
its
work
made
in their character
in the
way
of deco-
and expression, to
this respect.
and harmony
a merely
finical
We
if
homes, so long as
and
how
those
homes
shall be furnished
and adorned.
or
best become
my
circumstances and
my
apartments
What
will
not.
How
Let her
132
remember
it
Let
be her special aim to give to her house and to each room, the
homelike
true
it
rests
and repulsive, or
cold,
and comfort.
air of ease
shall
shall look
Good
and
stiff,
ex2)ression
good
sense,
furnishes a house, not for its constant occupants to use and enjoy,
many who
they have a special interest for those whose means are com-
paratively limited.
much
as these.
Rich
peoj^le
little
But the
suffer so
taste
and
which
articles
they procure are generally well made, and durable, and more
or less comfortable.
It
and whch
shops,
To
durable.
little village
is
^'
something
made
home, we would
in imitation,
made
it
say,
mahogany
and sold
in city
nor
sofas, chairs,
you to get
For
to sell."
less aspiring,
In general
this
of the
mere shams.
reaus, are
made
is
much
they are
is
room
in
articles
should be
In
all
may
that
is
needed
in
the
way
For
of
133
INTERIORS.
The
manufacture.
In this way
We
of
some
might be cushioned
of convenient form,
home-made
made
much may
chairs,
supj^lied.
made
of oak plank,
is
a more
we have met
with,
and hair-cloth
soft,
sofas
plump, and
many
to
all
appear-
make
us painfully ac-
etc.,
we recommend the
same honesty.
Surely this
patchwork of
soft pine,
is
solid,
and
beech cane-
or
mahogany
ones,
frail as
they are
uncomfortable.
The
means
cost
In bedsteads simplicity
is
it is
is
desirable.
think that
it is
We
hope to see a
we have reason
to
already begun.
In selecting a carpet
the effect of which
is
for a small
134
In the
own
initial
It
and pleasant a place a room may be made, and how much more
sensibly thousands
and furnish
might
as they
live,
please, spend
stiff,
and
cheerless.
CHAPTEK
XV.
HINTS ON CONSTRUCTION.
^ ^ HE man
1
^^-^ H_.^fe=r^
fa\
=^7~~~Tl^i?^;rT
to find himself
is liable
had made no
lect
Sjr-
to build
that line,
witliout
...
who undertakes
calculation.
of needful precautions in
work,
neg:-
the
neglc-ct
may
naturally induce,
will
perhaps seriously
The minutiee
of construction,
and carpenter.
and
What
in the
as in the specifications
knowledge and
is,
skill of
the mason
own mind.
all its
13G
clear to the
it.
It should be so
And
made
of
importance
which can he
for
them
to
timber to be used
size
stick of
all
Every thing of
form of each
so represented
use,
mate-
all
but form
will cost,
it
when work
is
done by con-
tract.'*'
made
course
work which
sacrifice of
feels, to
what he ought
temptation to do wrong.
be too low.
To the mechanic,
injurious to both.
compulsory
at prices
And
it is
not only a
h(jwever the
employer
may
Such a
is
may
quite
we have
pre-
HINTS ON CONSTRUCTION.
137
Not
to mention
first
resulting very naturally in his being put off with poor work and
defective material.
To
who
value of your
full
expenditure.
and work
rials
est will
at a given price.
Alterations, as
we have
and very
vexatious.
and
it
will probably
w^ork,
is
Needless
not doing
him
justice, let
shall be
In
final.
The use
of unseasoned
of annoyance
lumber
and damage.
attended to in season.
This
Better to pay
six,
or even twelve
day you
live.
etc.,
will
be known.
stuff,
Whether you
folly every
The
sea-
138
Boncd stuff
always be good as
Avill
in
casli
payment
to the
builder.
To such we would
short notice.
ing, as they
may
be
cut
their vicinity,
in
the
reach of
general be
flat,
is
reach.
course,
foot
should
it.
in
One
it
made
cellar.
AVhen
practicable,
or
foundation-walls should be
their
in use.
little
come
rest
The bottom,
frost.
all
These should
tions.
come wdthin
or
We
edifice at
mortar or cement.
cellar should be
of freezing.
dry and
Its dryness
cool,
When
To prevent the
air
may
freeze, should
be
made
plastering inside
is
in contact
easily,
above
double, either by
more
is
means
of a dis-
air.
HINTS ON CONSTRUCTION.
warmth
retain the
139
summer,
will
keep
it out.
The frame
foundation walls.
By
floor, all
cut
To
off.
of the house
can be done
it
But
own
many
demanding
early
how
heat, as
to keep
To accomplish
side.
constructed as to
two thin
air,
cacy of
is
In regard to the
much how
not so
this,
we keep
great antagonist at
its
when thus
perfectly established.
the studding, or by
of heat.
In this
The
air,
to get the
superior
effi-
with
may be
soft brick
It is
it.
respect,
air.
best) to have a
fined
to
it is
our
be
may
side.
Not
only does radiant heat pass easily through thin glass, but the
glass itself, growing cold with the external air, rapidly abstracts
it,
so
it.
140
be
the window
to
sit
b}"
is
and
fuel saved,
this important
for
safe place
young
delicate
sit
whom
love to
and thousands of
is
or Hving
Especially
at.
women, who
common,
Not only
itself,
and
inclosed,
tiglitly
perfect.
is
sliall
way.
An
is,
This might be
if
To take them
interiors,
sash.
as
The
is
be
to
held
would be a small
affair.
Such windows,
protected against the direct rays of the sun, and kept closed,
it vrithin.
as they
of
On economy
be
We
said.
in the
modes
of
fertile
topic.
We
So high
is
we would
our estimate of
forego
many
its
things,
cheerful
and healthy
have
fire.
virtues, that
HINTS ON CONSTRUCTION.
than give up this
them
and
so little, that
them
call
all
what would
iron,
we could preach
manner
it
avail
The
against
is
them with
is still
universal.
The
cooking-stove,
is
some of these
its
warming
will,
This
be sub-
For mere
designs.
as
class
fireplace, as
All
from the
like
a will,
become
stove has
we
to close stoves,
of hard names.
.?
As
141
we
it is
This keeps
the house.
much
in,
and
difi'uses
doors.
From
colder takes
the
fire
its
place below,
In
special
it is
may
warm
easier to
is
placed.
In
this
way, by very
be cheaply warmed.
cities,
means
culation of
it
is
air.
appliances, each
room being
close
together,
in direct
is less
free cir-
atmosphere.
Of
142
modes of
It is
when
at
fail
Lnilding by
tlie
an external apparatus.
is
most needed.
Those
may
From
their service
ventilation which
and inexpensive
tlie
some objection
w^ay.
is
box, about six inches square, which shall communicate with the
outer
With
air.
partition wall,
this,
and opening
The
of the room.
pipe that
both
this
})ipes
must be
to
may
projoerly furnished
air,
with valves.
the outer
must be
arrangement
mer time
\vith
all
stove
into the
connect
is
and
Suppose
It is
sum-
it
ceiling.
The
fire
off this
it
its
directly from
the upper strata, which are most impure, will soon restore matters to a proj^er condition.
But
if
there be no
fire,
by means of
the floor pipe, introduce the outer air into the room, and leave
make
is
nothing
the air impure, su2)ply the stove with fresh air from
without, and cut off the communication with the side pipe.
parlors, or sitting rooms, during cold weather,
may
in this
way be made
In
fire,
HINTS ON CONSTRUCTION.
But
in
it is
need of ventilation
143
fires^
is
Such rooms
To
mer
sun,
and
means of
to secure the
made
is
nying section
is
done.
will
show how
is
plastered
air-
The
at the peak.
becoming heated,
here,
this
chamber
This
roof.
air
rises to
each
apertures
in
below the
ridge.
which
gable,
The
just
current,
one way
to
and warmer
air,
SECTION".
which other-
facilities
and
all
We
but intolerable.
which high-pitched
ventilation,
roofs
is
desirable
that
all
The
dow)
who
beneflt.
A few
and
144
for villages
tin roofs.
The
fouiid^ are
made
for
ter,
Whenever
(as in
sides of a roof
meet
The peak
each other.
ridge boards.
Design No. 3)
For
The
is
to be covered
It should
in
(as
in
up the
tin
it
meets the
ney, and build the edge of the sheet into the brickwork, about
four inches above the roof.
rafters, it
must be
roof, is larger
the shaft.
Health, comfort and decency,
all
demand
its roof,
air.
acces-
If the
little trouble.
The ab-
and perhaps
If the right
HINTS ON CONSTRUCTION.
precautions are taken,
The
cluded.
145
all
partial
methods which,
through
flue for
all
bad
air
have undoubtedly
pre-
If there be
and from
this a chimney-pipe
must open
air at a point
an inverted syphon
is
This, be
set.
it
one that
is
common,
so elegant,
The
In this way
arm
remembered,
common
of which
is
equally
roof, or
under
and
is
so
so delicately conspicuous.
It
is
Economy and
now
use stuff
much
strength have
now
to the outer
Acting on
is
this,
in proportion
house-framers
While
construction,
But
this reform
country, frames
eight inches by
apart.
amount
it
is
may
six, laid
uj),
and two
feet
them on
more weight.
10
Indeed,
floor laid
if laid as first
thus will
named, the
146
wei*-^lit
proved method
We
may add
practice to deafen
lent
them
the floor
that
is,
to
it
floor
from
an excel-
is
a part of the
fill
other inelastic
erect in their
it
the im-
is
springing.
When
to settle.
it
is
fire, will
retard,
if
skill is required.
In the
may
tion
size of
be
dependence on
less
strain,
and
its
own
stifi'ness
by placing
resist a cross
ties,
which
Because
it
to be covered
up
The
necessary,
and power to
or for
is
the
If the
laths are liable to spring or move, the " clinch " of the plaster
will
it
Strips of
on.
make
The carpenter
is
thus en-
It will
be understood
is
ferior character.
HINTS ON CONSTRUCTION.
Shingled roofs are sometimes painted.
147
It is a mistake to
dams
where they
at
the end
improve
its looks.
This,
roof, like
the
human
love to look at
it,
finally,
be
said, is
a matter of taste.
it
if it
stiU
when
rain,
it
it
Nor,
even
into one of
its
lichens.
With
economy
skilful
They should be
ferent.
lies in
well painted.
workmen.
readily absorbed.
When
it is
The
oil is
with
oil,
may long
The
colors,
there
Houses
Yet
it
is
insures variety.
No
essentially in character
differing
necessity
In regard to
given.
then too
is dif-
and
much
And
will
it
and
by
shingles,
it is, its
and we
paint,
join,
painted
The
of the
alike.
this, for a
White seems
rule can be
and
situation,
to be the general
is
148
Neither do we
ety
may
tints
it
be found
tints
among
The needed
vari-
by their gloom.
scene around buildings in the process of erection
The
very disorderly.
This
may
may
be prevented by a
little
often
is
timely pre-
caution.
as
like, espe-
if it
The remaining
contain them,
may
part of
be protected
fence.
making him
responsible for
any damage that may accrue to his own or his neighbor's property through the carelessness or rudeness of the workmen.
The rooms
by
its
Hence
often,
needless
To
we can only
such,
in the case.
By
is
that time, in
all
prubabiUty, their
CHAPTEE XVI
THE I.MPROVEMEXT OF GROUNDS.
OWEVEE
signer,
stowed on
the house,
is
be-
will
fall
and complete
it
he manifest that no
eftect, if it
tliis
grounds on which
it
matter, accordingly,
to the
stands.
To
we devote a
a few remarks.
The same
and consistency,
we have urged
in the forma-
and
surface, of climate
But the
diversities of soil
numerous and
great,
many
cases.
common
Still,
to all
Grading.
so
and
to these
we ask
attention.
are to be
made
in the surface
150
laid,
the house
The
is
done, and
all
rubbish
removed.
is
all seasons,
lots.
But beware
many
of
making the
way from
better appearance.
its
In
tliis
particular
err.
demand
No
water should be allowed to flow towards wells, yards, or buildings, nor to stagnate
garden paths.
What
to receive,
much may
if
is
generally preferable.
by throwing
it
into terraces,
is
If this
naturally unfavorable,
it
and by
walls,
As
For
to be used.
is
it
a matter of ornament,
In
far
bank
It
in dry seasons
make
it is
at first,
is difficult
its
it
it
best estate
in order
is stiff
more
is
other violence
is
costs
looks badly
and formal.
be
more to
it
when
ground be
especially if the
this
level,
is
a very simple
affair.
It
sure
is
and
is
wliich
features
it
151
and depressions,
How
or standing water.
With some
are
name
for deformity.
filled,
and the
hill
crooked shall be
be made smooth.
Their rule
brought low
made
all
is
is
and that
straight,
With
is,
But he
inclo-
who mar
if
they
expressive or picturesque
we have no sympathy.
its
is,
This
is
constantly to rest,
But
citing.
let
Whether
softened,
us have variety,
it,
let
if possible,
irregularities
of
surface
shall
is
be retained,
oi
We
tree, if its
retention
perhaps of the
But
fuel^ or
152
man
phints which
it
destroys, on his
has taken a
is
life-
a semi-
barbarian.
for
its surface,
do not, like
and
it
useful, to
may
make
You
it
partially conceal
by vines or shrubbery.
it
it
will brighten,
Half seen
by contrast, the
performed and
grass.
We
it still
must
daughter of the
to
hills.
toil
overcome.
difficulties
If possible, suffer
and
Try
Naiad, free-born
Disposition of Ground.
To what
of its surface.
lot,
the nature of
its soil
To
correspond with
it
in general character
we always wish
and neatness.
to see,
is
and expression,
we have already
an evident regard
Many attempt
too
urged.
is
but
What
and expanded,
what would be
for
153
by
first
vegetable garden
be thought
of,
disregarded.
not beautiful
is
be
little
distance from the street, and they will also show better there.
Let
it
when we
is,
culti-
kept
we
and well
of its glory.
or conditions
But how
of neglect,
witherings and
Winter the
short that
is
sometimes unavoidable
during
the
case
is
For these
we can
reasons,
easily see
it
always.
it, if
we would
we
The
choose,
objection
ever-blooming
does not hold with reference to small patches of
which cover the entire surface, (such as verbenas and
flowers,
portulaccas,)
neath
its
is
On
kept.
154
The lawns
the
of
all
its
who
visit
that country.
Many
im-
it
There
scape.
is
Go anywhere
surmountable.
it is
in a time of drought,
not in-
and mark
has been deeply ploughed and highly manured, and the neighboring grounds, that have been tilled in the usual shallow and
niggardly way.
all
arid
Take
this
it.
of earth, with lean sods of sour grass and sorrel from the
side,
verize
it
now and
pul-
thoroughly
enrich
way-
it
properly
or
it,
it
then, a rolling
will in-
it
sure you a carpet before your house that will infinitely outvie
yourself
It will soon
Do
become a
it,
delight.
care.
Take
And when
But
care of
you
see
take a pleased look at the beautiful sight, you wiU feel justly
proud of your
fit tie
green.
must always
cestors,
fill
a large place.
and found
its trees
in
how
to get rid of
155
little
The
is
many
smaller towns, not only are the streets lined with trees, hut the
filled
with them.
in perpetual shade.
first
and mainly
that
much
We have
wanted.
rounded
is
gloomy to
live in
so
is
be no doubt of
culation of the
sects.
They
this.
Wooden
many
roofs,
at.
when they
The shade
unfavorable to health.
obstruct,
when
ob-
a house so sur-
many
The
cool
when
Sometimes they
air.
at times
At such times
this.
roof,
opposite
it
The
fill
There can
decay.
Secondly
however
it
it
may
In those lands
this practice
is
very rare.
is
air.
The house
If not
ashamed
it
Is
be
"
156
"But
By
liow are
we
There
curtains.
some
is
by door-blinds,
no
weather
Pro-
difficulty.
shelter,
which can be
This
is
and the
street itself be
way
tlie
of shade.
mend such
great
The
size.
is
needed
and
it
is
we would recom-
it,
to
the kind.
We may
if
it
trees,
Grass does
circuit
with the
roller
is
it
stem to
very
interfere
and scythe.
Finally, good friend, if you w^onld have your house look in-
In
all
forgotten.
habits of
else,
and
flowers.
and learn
keep
in perfect order.
to raise roots
try-yard,
it
to feed their
own
fowls.
and
thrift.
in
ilieni
the poul-
industrious, trained to
neces-
be forgotten.
157
It is as
If possible,
Paths.
We have no
But
Landscape Gardener.
write will feel unable to
as
most of those
command
which
This
utility.
From
offer
a branch of his
it
diffi-
is
certain
we regard the
case as
is
however,
If,
we
cult to
whom we now
for
it
direct as
many
times a
day, and often, perhaps, in hot haste, no one wishes to be compelled to describe lines of beauty, though Hogarth himself
had
curve.
is different,
and we
longation.
Let
there at least
compensatory attraction
Fences.
of building,
for every
capricious.
turn
some
far
Without
it,
no
and
habits
of
the
owner.
What
can
often
absurd
fashions,
what
have remarked.
And what
158
Biirer
And
it is
dities
and negligences
it,
rails,
offended by absur-
is
in this particular.
The imperfect
bar-
rier,
This
it
by imparting
to
must be made
by a
effect
conform to
to
it.
but
it
fence should
be adapted not only to the house, but to the location and the
neighborhood.
alike.
tion,
forest situa-
street, are
fruit orchard,
a stable-yard,
is
may
to protect a garden, or
and
light.
benevolence,
but,
alas
much
They
is
as yourself.
how few
practise
But why ?
imperative.
2)lea8ure grounds,
fence
demand
city
some rude
concerned, others
This
it
is
an easy
High,
of contiguous
close
lots.
Some
feelings.
I59
itself,
whether temporary
For
It is quickly placed,
Woven
and
will last a
good while,
is
now made
if
This wiU do
There
is,
probably, no inclosure, in
all
respects so pleasing, as
may have
one who
matters.
No
for
some exotic
grown
arbor-vitcT,
plant.
The
in hedges.
fence, durable
Any body
is
trees
make an
stores,
may
excellent
preferable.
may
fir,
be
The
easily be
and broken,
We
it
come now
put
up their
wood
to
The
fences,
facility
which are
far
object.
more frequent
mendations.
set.
possible diameter,
in
To
it is
of the
first
smaUest
Throw
ramming
it
160
in the end.
There
is
some trouble
in this,
but
it
pays
downward,
the reversal of the sap vessels will retard the absorption of water,
and
will thus
add
is
an occurrence
so
common and
so
The
may
trouble
result
in
dislocated catch.
is
not rightly adjusted, or the ground below has not been properly
Let
graded.
all
Be
sure that your gate has the best of stuff, and the best of work.
If
much
used,
it
fastener.
Unless you wish to invoke curses on your head, both loud and
deep, don't let your gates swing outward
From
nOnOnflnOnia
wooden
three,
neat, simple,
It
we
select
two or
is
and economical.
an improvement on the
common form
to use pickets
thick,
and but
little
wider than
that
nearly square.
The accompany-
that, so
^^xr-xs^i^^^g^
lots.
between double
still
The
rails, so
sides.
161
the season of bloom, you will have a lovely wall of verdure, sur-
mounted by a
For
many
glorious cornice.
their inclosures
use the
common
of the
''fencing-lath''
m^^
thick enough to
make a
by three narrow
make
strips.
strips, as
joints
rail,
to re-
on both sides
shown
in the section.
"''"
To
with an
auger, bore holes four inches apart, and saw through the holes.
In the neighborhood of
scrupulous population
cities,
is
only,
poor chance.
stand but a
As
offering
we ^
The
11
is
made on
162
rcnce
moulded
accurately
and round
rails
machinery,
is
balusters,
now nianufactured
at
all
Buffalo,
and
like
and
made by
not only
sold,
there, but in
with
tliis,
New York
elsewhere,
for
less
common
picket fence.
We
[
[J
[j
ij
ii
^;^d^d^
^^^^^^
i\L
"^
^'^
'
"
heavier balusters
as one
with
qualities, in
making
it
'^"^
Drainage.
especially should
is
is
likely to ooze
This, remember,
is
a question of health, as
swampy ground
it
becomes
tially filled
tile.
best in your
You must
own
In the case of
such as by trenches
by sewers of brick
determine
for
jiar-
by clay pipe
is
case.
is
needed,
and
from that
draining.
and clay
is
hardly sufficient.
which
away
163
drain.
ticahle, let
is
valuahle,
flow into a
it
manure
lost.
If prac-
vat, at
These
ally be thrown.
will absorb
tilizers.
it
it,
may discharge
To
prevent
guard
it
Still
and hold
it
into
some brook or
at each
more important
its foul
is
rich fer-
for rats,
wire.
and noxious
Millions, for
odors.
want of
this
and
it is
many thousands
of
human
beings
But what
may possibly
Here
is
one.
wooden box
h
is
ask.
a stench-trap ?
A
is
very slight
some
affair,
a hopper-shaped
water
is
away
.^^^^^^
it
^^^^^x^^^^M.\\xxxsCxx.x.
7^^
is
in fact
may
h.
full of
that article.
ground
it is
is
may
literally imperishable.
Once
in the
easily be
plank do perfectly
well.
VILLAGE AND FARM COTTAGES.
164
Cisterns.
We
luul occasion in
The
be comparatively unknown.
an
is
From
crystal element.
its
is
again dispensed and distributed over the earth, and with absolute
certainty, if not
places on this globe of ours, where the supply from the heavens
not sufficient,
is
two seasons
intervals, or in one or
if
collected
and preserved,
of
for
Rain comes
after
it
it
it
seeks us.
On
seeming
Off
Down
ful earth.
drift,
its
and
it
filled.
But how
"
And now
do we wise folks do
of the earth,
till
rig a windlass,
do we get
bonates
all
use
We
much
dig,
we
makes
At length
and catch
A lixivium a
bore,
we
blast
we penetrate deep
labor,
Then we
water.
is
silently
it
goes.
it
we reach the
chlorides
well water
this
who saw
is
arrests
we,
often
to patter
faces,
do not have to go
offer scorned.
We
lift
of
little
solution of salts
and iodides
and ever
mineral water.
Much
so
of
it,
often at great
into the bowels
insert a
it
what
up.
pump,
And what
sulphates and
many
it is
more.
or
car-
Almost
absolutely unfit to
The
gather,
hence,
upon which
much
clear
And
it
it
soot
165
How
comes down.
seem
verily
then
to he
is it
made
One
pure water.
is
it is
foul
when
for use ?
fit
im-
pump
into a
mass of
pump.
enters the
Another
is
and merit.
drawn
much
Some
is
in kind,
poured, and
pose,
w^ho,
from any
But a
filtering cistern
is,
One way is
other method.
make a
to
tition
it
is
into
two
pierced
seveial apertures.
Ml
built
tures.
</^:?^?-55^
charcoal broken
The water
is
fine,
this
which the
account more
We
the
This par-
bottom with
low wall,
6,
is
and
the
clear
letters
have reference,
c, is filled
with
on
top.
latter being
up on each
portions.
at
itself.
dividing
it
it
may
always be
The accompanying
may
help to
make
intelligible.
just described.
In this the
filtering cistern
is
166
a sejDarate
affair.
hundred
gallons,
is
placed by the side of the larger cistern, and quite near the surface of the ground.
An
is
with the
led into
it,
cliai'coal
its
is
and gravel
of the cask
third i)art
;
is
now
This mode
is
down
filterer
is
main tank.
aperture in
it is
necessary to remove
w^ork.
more
When
the ground
is
no need of brick.
a bed of concrete
then
it
in it without
filterer, let
much
till
of such a nature
up a curb
fill
with your
in
It will soon
liquid concrete.
We
set
made
is
if
the work
If you use
little
what may
seem of
trifling
moment.
almost as
much
men
We
can-
drink, has
Wherever
this
is
is
more
or less impregnated
To
much
doubtedly to be attributed
The
those regions.
167
these causes
un-
is
assures us that the free use of such water predisposes the drinker
to attacks of cholera,
House Plot.
terror of the
How prompt
How
It
is
we
enough
street.
deep.
fifty
new suburban
It is sup-
lot.
It is
Though
villages, it is not
of the
lot,
parlor front
its front.
and
all
is
hall
;
and kitchen
is
stable.
This, which
is
wide enough
for
and a half
The
the
feet wide,
front,
to the stable.
Branches from
this diverge.
168
is
laid
down
its
verandah.
Piegularity
is
The
seniicircukir s})ace
upon
it
but the
EEFBRENCES.
Walk.
a,
Z/,
Stable path.
c,
Lawn.
d, Sli rubbery,
Flov/er bed.
e,
Evergreen screen,
/,
Clothes yard.
A,
Fruit.
/,
Vegetables.
j,
Sunuiier house.
(/.
Weil.
A-,
Cow
/.
yard.
Poultry yard.
///,
n.
Piggery.
0,
Manure pit
T,
Verandah.
HOUSE.
II,
Hall.
V,
Parlor.
K, Kitchen.
15
R,
Bedroom.
s,
Sculler^v.
K,
1,
Tool room.
Wood
room.
6TAB1A
aimed
2,
Poultry room.
8,
Cow
4,
Feed room.
stall.
The
may have
right of this
a choice shrub.
like,
walks,
it
lot,
next the
if
you
may
be
street.
portion on the
The
169
On
steps.
Several
the northern
little
beds of
various form are cut in the grass near the principal walk, for the
cultivation of petunias, verbenas, portulaccas, violets, myrtles,
sort,
which must
dah
post.
All
to the house
of which there
is
or garden seat, g.
spot.
ered.
and
The
is
w^ell-house,
is
also partially
embow-
The
plot,
ij
may
be devoted to berries, or
fruits.
Borders
summer-house to
which
is
may
it
would be well to
It
were
The
clothes-yard
may be
space in
its
rear
is
170
The
staLle
designed to be a square
is
and battened
roof
The upper
sides.
enough to contain a
sufficient
On
LuilJiii:;, wiili
story
the
first
floor
is
The hen-house
manger
tool- room.
hand
ridit
is
There
is
a stall for
is
can be supplied
it
his rations.
yard,
/,
manure
This insures
pit, o.
shelter, in
summer
may
and
so placed that
No. 4
of the cow.
hog receives
The
???,
from the
liij)ped
be high
sliould
The
well
is
and garden.
The
to pay
Street.
Interest
alike
prompt you
Do
As
their duty.
tain a wide,
far as your
own
line extends,
water-course between
it
Let there be
Let no
The
range of choice.
to set
them
Select
them
is
judiciously.
There
It
is
is
a Avide
a mistake
when they
large.
uncrowded
full,
pruning knife.
At
process
is
and
light,
Ornamental
Let the
and
its
top
Beware of the
become
will
The
I7l
trees
from harm
and, perhaps,
it
will
such teaching.
for
different
if
they long
CHAPTER
XVII.
THE GARDEN.
though
^,^,^pnB^
much
III
^and
has
it
increased in extent
from
being an
ol)ject
attention
of general
most
wholly
have every
ling
soil
it
is
a thing al-
neglected.
facility.
They
But the
untilled
lies
\dl-
at
cal-
their
and
on the neglected
ground.
The
roots,
The
fruits,
is
wanting.
and
flowers,
The
i:>ulse,
of
profits,
is,
taste
The truth
They
forego
THE GAKDEN.
To
kept garden
is
innocent luxuries,
its
The fragrance
and
for
173
well-
of its flowers
Its culture
of smell.
an easy
is
Portions of
its
care are well adapted to the quick eye and delicate hand of
woman.
it
furnishes
is
healthy, as well
As
as agreeable.
it
To sum
itself,
up,
by the family
is
It is a
moral ]DOwer
pure,
is
practical horticulturist
ledge and
skill.
and tangible
more
The
is
There
is
constantly
good reason
making progress
He
results.
apt to grow
is
The
for this.
in
know-
visible
Of
necessity,
he becomes
him
its
like that
growth,
flowers
and
so
much
its
growing up with
Its health,
fruits,
are
Do
No
care.
feels
for his
solicitude, not
children,
who
are
it.
in order to
make
have any.
Many
err
it is
The
first re-
in dis-
174
No more ground
gust.
sliould
tlian
to.
moderately
crease
Begin, then,
Avith
Your
skill.
jjlans
in-
Avill
in
this
respect
present.
will be
Especially
inferior quality.
is
is
There
small.
thorough and
The few
cliaracter.
For the
experience
teacher like
details
wdiicli
should be
of practice, there
is
no
treatises in abundance.
we
The
The
first
skill
and taste
in
'"
matter of importance
is
soil.
cumstances of each
den
flower-bed
for the
case.
for gar-
or lawn, should be
Mead,
York Horticultural
* Peter B.
Society,
and
late
THE GAKDEN.
cleared of stones.
It
off a strip,
say
of
this
it
on the
Stir the
outside.
At one end
dug mark
the ground to be
From
may
175
Now mark
stones.
off a
spade as before, throwing the earth into the trench just made.
pay
The
dug.
is
used to
fill
well, to
the bottom
first
trench must be
as before.
The importance
cal gardeners,
of this process
is
and by allowing
It gives a
air
chance
and moisture to
thrown
many
out.
Upon
of
FiU up one
the stones
soil,
j)lace
foot
with stones
it
to the
Havdepth
then a foot
The bed
of stones and brush will not only keep the path dry and hard at
all times,
joining ground.
make a good
down
Where
anthracite coal
is
it
may need
additional
same kind,
How
or
little
by the use of
tile.
may
VILLAGE AND FARM COTTAGES.
176
Two
Design
for
such
They
are intended to
show
There
to the variety of
The
combinations.
are
figures
Two
We
is
sliown.
formed.
easily
sharpened
sticks, con-
One
of the figures,
be seen,
it
may
numbered and
is
lettered.
of plants,
selection
Scale 16
ft.
to an inch.
In the middle of one of the outer borders plant Magnolia purpurea, and in the
middle of the corresponding borders, Rims cotinus, Euon\nnus Americanus, and Vibur-
num
opulus,
tetraptera,
all
large shrubs.
Midway between
tlie
first
latifolia,
Chionanthus virginicus,
Between
viridis-
aquifoHa,
Mahonia
Spirasa callosa,
gracilis,
aquifolia.
In the four
corners, plant Syringa Josackii, Philadelphus coronarius, Ilalesia diptera, and Deutzia
scabra.
crowded;
There
this
will
still
floridus, Berberis
purpurea,
THE GARDEN.
Yucca
177
by the dotted
may
The paths
roses.
hadicated
In the middle of the centre piece plant the Spireea Keevesii, and in the centres of
the beds 2, 3, 4, and 5, plant roses
Albert, and Pius IX.
Geant
foot
pentge,
Anemone
Sieboldii,
The
lar-
saxatile,
numbered
and the
an Antirrhinum
at h, a
and
6, 7, 8,
9, is to
sorts as follows
Plumbago
Spirasa filipendula,
Sedum
Prmcc
At
and
at
at ^,
c,
Roses
Phloxes
Valeriana rubra,
e,
Pentstemon atropur-
be accorda,
Chalcedonica, Dictamnus
at
and
S.
at
b,
Dra-
Americana.
Chrysanthemums.
and Crocuses,
In the
may
fall,
Among
are indispensable.
may
etc.
same
made
We
cially
to
for the
commend
etc.
Bedding plants
may
dictate, will be
young women.
and espewill
soon
suggest others, and they will find occupation ever fresh and
pleasing, in devising
rangements of
The
fruit
new combinations
of figure,
and new
ar-
flowers.
178
fill
purpose.
neatly trimmed.
be planted on
Dwarf
fruit trees
all sides of
these squares
about four
may
from
feet
Between
may
be
appropriated to an asparagus
bed, a portion of another
may
ed.
may
be set
not
less
than four
feet apart.
They
little
side of buildings,
will
cornice,
allows, every
ground.
They
body should
will
where nothing
grow
raise grapes.
in corners,
and
By no
clusters,
other culture,
with the same ground and the same care, can we obtain so
much
The
trellis is
to eight feet
by
out of ground.
if possible,
a southern ex-
either on a trellis
For
this
Then
you
may
or
an
arbor.
THE GARDEN.
179
about two feet apart, run strong annealed wire, and wedge
it
Plant the vines from eight to ten feet apart, and prune
fast.
This
an
is
do well to employ,
Autumn,
the
for
first
have
time for
pruning grape-vines.
Fruit trees should be planted in the
have
fallen.
tion
may
be deferred
early spring.
till
The
fibres.
Many
less, like
fall,
them should be
free
The
benefits
fruit
so
much good
shown that
to
its
to lay
hasten
and quality
Fruit
fruit.
in no other
wood, or to destroy so
it
open
to cut
many buds
that
for the
and
Many seem
and saw.
away
trees
To
trees
may
Summer
pruning
thick.
But
eye,
this
is
far.
VILLAGE AND FARM COTTAGES.
180
Leaves have an
is
injurious to
iiiipuriaut
ageucy in the
may
and
il})eniiig process,
The
<Vuit.
it
fruit
is left.
Lree-lbrni.
wood (not
so well
early in September.
Rub
out
in spring, or
all
Dutch
currant.
The
list.
large
w^ood of
been
It has
from
its
difficult to raise
liability to
mildew.
There
an American variety
is
of the hole
we
We
treat
place a mixture
it
In the
fall
As soon
down
to the
not
the bottom
as the fruit of
At
as follows.
is
soil
and take
or early in spring.
fall,
your raspberries
dress,
is all
it,
gathered, cut
and
light.
These
also,
out.
in about a third
Some
and
of tlieir length,
raspberries need
all
six inches of
light vegetable
manure
at the
mould above.
The
crown of the plant should not be more than three inches below
the surface
is
is fit
to
THE GARDEN.
An
eat.
manure
The
ment.
181
for protection,
There
sc[uare rod.
not
is beneficial.
but
them
In a small garden
many
kinds,
flavor,
and Burr's
The
may
Xew
Longworth's
(H.)
size,
Boston Pine,
(H.)
our intense
good selection
Superior,
the
is
it
When
Strawberries.
up.
for enrich-
is
fall,
edible at least a
in the rows
In
Prolific,
;
(H.)
Monroe
Moyamensing, (P.)
McAvoy's
Scarlet,
(P.)
Walker's Seedling,
Pine, (P.)
is
woods.
best.
new
soil,
an inverted
two or three
and well
rotted,
in various ways.
Pistillate.
the
this is
and
it
be
home
in
mind that
is
each way in a
wide,
character.
and
is
letters
example,~suits them
bed three
feet
soil,
old
One
a small garden,
The
An
feet deep.
beneficial.
sod, for
They need
The
why we
to their sexual
TILLAGE AND
182
FAR:^!
COTTAGES.
may
another.
plant immediately
fair
rows.
fall,
lifted
and put a
be had from
cai'el'iilly
hay
by repeated
No
freezings.
runners must be
frost is out,
little
berries clean.
})lants
If
allowed to grow.
It is better to
may
slight covering of
from being
dry.
seas<Mis.
In the
is
after a rain.
spring.
j)islil-
at almost
the best
the
Whether
in
the vegetable,
fruit, or
it
be
There should be
about four feet wide,
in
for
For
the other walks, a width of two and a half to three feet will
suffice.
makes an appropriate
summer-house,
if
honeysuckle.
cornice,
and
roses.
So
183
THE GARDEN.
While you
They
man,
From
the almost
boundless catalogue of
number comparatively
selected a
Yet even
small.
for
we must repeat
aimed
at.
Among
it is
We
is
the object
we have
fruits,
Where
the ground
is
of apples
list
From
and
apricots,
each sort
we do not
DWARF PEAES.
in
some sheltered
situation.
Oswego Beurr6,
* Rostiezer,
* Bartlett,
* Seckel,
* Dearborn's Seedling,
* Sheldon,
Boston,
Ott,
* Stevens's Genesee,
Beurre Clairgeau,
* Beurre Diel,
Tyson,
* Beurre d'Aremberg,
* Livingston Pear,
* Easter Beurre,
Dix,
Beurre Langlier,
Doyenne Boussock,
Doyenne Goubalt,
Doyenne Blanc
Duchesse d'Angouleme,
Fondante d'Antomne,
* Lawrence,
(Yirgalien),
* Fulton,
* Louise
Bonne de
Jersey,
Glout Morceau,
Winter
HoweU.
Nelis,
184
DWAUF
AI'l'LES.
THE GAEDEN.
185
CURRANTS.
EASPBEERIES.
Red Antwerp,
Yellow Antwerp,
Brinckle's Orange,
Bang-up (black),
Franconia,
White Grape,
Gushing.
Red Grape.
The
ii
garden,
)wer
The
following
list
list
from 40 to 50
feet square,
improved
in
The
quality.
addition
or of equal
area.
in
of
We
and
Rhus
May
and June, 8
Fringe
Sumach
tree,
May and
July to
to
10
purple.
feet,
June, 8 to 10
Sept., 8 to
5 to 8 feet
10
feet,
feet, light
purple.
bemes
Halesia tetraptera,
"
STiou-drop, July,
10
feet, purple.
feet, white.
Viburnum
Guelder
June and July, 6
8
Moch Orange, June and July, 4 6
coronarius, Sgringo 3Ioch Orange, June and July, 4
opulus, Snoichall
Rose,
to
feet,
to
white.
feet,
white.
to 6 feet, white.
Spiia Reevesii,
fl.
pi.,
feet,
white.
"
"
feet,
white.
feet, red.
186
"
"
callosa, a
"
thalictroides,
new Spinca
July, 4
white.
feet,
Meadow
rue-leaved
June and
Wreaih,
Peters
St.
July,
4 to 6
foet, white.
Sj-ringa-Tosickxa,
"
and June, G
/o.s-/fA:'sZ,//ar, ]\ray
*'
May and
Deiiizia,
June, 6
June, 3
purple.
feet,
purple.
feet,
white.
feet,
Kalniia
latifolia.
Amygdalus pumila,
"
Aug. and
ilicifolia,
feet,
Daphne mezcreum.
Douhle-Jloicenng Almond,
May
May, 4
Sweet-scented Daphne,
feet,
white.
white.
feet,
feet, red.
and June, 4
feet, red.
May, 3
May, 3
pink.
yellow.
feet,
The double
I\Iay,
Azalea,
May
feet,
worth growing.
feet, various.
feet,
purple.
and June, 3
feet, various.
various
Hardy
yellow.
feet,
(in varieties',
yellow.
feet,
feet,
white.
Aucuba Japonica,
feet, rose.
Mahonia
Sept.,
10
A2alea
and June, 4
Tree, June, 8 to
Qii[\i:SiU\\\\.\&?iov\'\\i&
Berberis
May
May and
marked evergreen
June, 3
1 foot,
white
plant.
yellow.
feet,
berries.
4 feet.
IIERUACEOCS PLANTS.
May
and June, 2
May and
June, 2
feet, red.
feet,
white.
THE GARDEN.
Lychnis chalcedonica,
"
viscaria,
Delphinium
June
Scarlet DjcJinis.
Phlox
"
"
Perennial Phlox,
Pgeonia
"
"
Herbaceous Poeony,
Campanula
Plumbago
Anemone
June
to Oct., 2 to
May
June
pink.
feet, red.
4-
foot, blue.
May and
May,
1 foot, yellow.
Canadensis,
etc.,
Pyrethrum parthenium
feet,
deep blue.
deep blue.
foot, pink.
Coicslip,
feet, white.
to 3 feet, blue.
to 3 feet, blue.
to Oct., 1 to 2 feet,
"
alba, Foxglove
July
2 to 3
to Sept.,
feet,
white.
Yucca
*'
Lily,
June
feet,
August, 2
whitish green.
feet,
whitish green.
f:.ot,
yellow.
StoJcesia,
feet, scarlet.
filipendula,
June
to
Sjnrcea,
August,
July to Aug.,
1 to
"
lobata,
"
June
to
various.
feet, scarlet.
feet,
1 foot, rose.
foot,
feet, various.
officinalis,
to Oct., 2 to
Alyssum
pink.
I'eet,
June
"
187
August,
1 to
feet,
1 to
feet, red.
white.
3 feet, white.
feet,
1 foot,
white.
yellow.
feet, blue.
white.
188
gracilis,
feet,
Lilium candidum,
"
feet, blue.
"^
testaceum.
,
longiflorum,
Dianthus
/i/y,
June
'
etc.,
June
Cbrysanthemums
Iris
and
Oct.,
"
"
"
Iris,
May
feet,
various.
pink.
"
Primula
1 to
feet,
to 4 feet, various.
1 foot,
various.
feet,
orange red.
Lathyrus
Papaver
latiiblius,
climber,
July to
Sept.,
4 to G
Potentilla
"
Hopwoodiana,
feet, scarlet.
Potentilla,
and
Oct.,
Mnca
reddish yellow.
feet,
Sedum
feet, purple.
CLIMBERS.
foot, red.
feet, blue.
foot, blue.
Hedera
helix,
Jasminum humile,
Aristolochia sipho,
Lonicera in
Ampelopsis hederacea,
Menispermum Cauadense,
Bignonia radicans,
Periploca Gnrca,
"
grandiflora.
Clematis in var.,
var.,
Wistaria sinensis.
THE GARDEN.
CLniBIXG ROSES.
La
189
Peine, rosy
Mrs. Elliott,
Queen
lilac.
rosij
purple.
of tlie Prairies,
rose.
Baltimore Belle,
Madame Trudeaux,
Elegans,
Pride of "Washington.
RiTci"Sj crimson.
Triumphant.
Bouquet de Flore,
light
criimon.
rosy carmine,.
Henry
HARDY PERPETUAT.
Clay, bright
Hermosa,
ROSES.
Madame
Geaut des
Pierre de
'BattaUles, crimson.
Antigone, deep
liffht
red.
rose.
Cyr, pale
rose.
rose.
red.
Agrippina,
velvety crimson.
color.
color.
bright rose.
Persian Yellow.
St.
ctimson.
Comte de Derby,
Pius IX.,
rose.
Baronne Hallez,
Aude,
Bourbon Queen,
rose.
rose.
blush.
]\Iicrophylla alba.
rose.
Herbemont's
Lilacee, rose.
'A' rV
p!PSE^>.v:,;,,.AV::,
:
.