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II. SCOPE
A.
Scope of Standards
The scope of ANSI C37.20.1 covers metal-enclosed lowvoltage power circuit-breaker switchgear assemblies
containing but not limited to such devices as low-voltage
power circuit breakers (fused or unfused), other interrupting
devices, switches, control, instrumentation and metering,
protective and regulating equipment. It is concerned only
with enclosed, rather than open, switchgear assemblies.
Furthermore, it states that it does not apply to equipment
covered by industrial control standards, communication
switchboards,
communication
switching
equipment,
switchboards for use on board ships, or deadfront distribution
switchboards.
IEC 60439-1, on the other hand, is much broader in scope.
This standard applies to assemblies intended for use in
connection with generation, transmission, distribution and
conversion of electric energy and for the control of electric
energy consuming equipment. This standard also applies to
stationary or movable assemblies with or without enclosure.
Furthermore, it also applies to many special service conditions
such as ships, rail vehicles, hoisting equipment, explosive
atmospheres and for domestic (operated by unskilled
persons) applications provided the relevant specific
requirements are complied with.
Although both standards address and incorporate dc
equipment, the dc aspects are not within the scope of this
paper.
I. INTRODUCTION
The ANSI standards in combination with North American
practices provide clear separation between low-voltage power
distribution and control equipment. These categories include
low-voltage
metal-enclosed
switchgear,
low-voltage
distribution switchboards, low-voltage distribution panelboards
and low-voltage motor control assemblies. In the North
American marketplace, independent ANSI or UL standards
exist for each type of equipment. In the IEC marketplace,
these types of equipment are consolidated into one assembly
with one product standard enveloping the products
sectionalized by ANSI and UL. This paper only discusses the
major differences between ANSI low-voltage metal enclosed
switchgear and the IEC low-voltage switchgear and
controlgear standard.
There are several basic differences in power system
designs for the two areas (ANSI and IEC). The most obvious
differences are in operating voltage, current ratings, power
system frequencies and earthing systems. These differences
are reflected in the associated equipment designs along with
many other constructional deviations that are precipitated by
the requirements set forth by each standard regarding topics
such as environmental protection and separation.
The North American market place is primarily influenced by
two third party organizations, UL (Underwriters Laboratories)
and CSA (Canadian Standards Association), which use ANSI
C37.20.1 and ANSI C37.51 as the basis for low-voltage
B.
TABLE I
IEC 60439-1 SHORT CIRCUIT TEST CONDITIONS
Voltage
70%
50%
30%
25%
20%
Multiplying
factor for
minimum value
of peak current
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.1
2.2
III. RATINGS
A.
Power
Factor
C.
Current
Frequency
D.
A. Dielectric Tests
Control Voltage
TABLE III
IEC 60439-1 INSULATION AND DIELECTRIC TEST VOLTAGES
Rated Insulation Voltage (UI)
Dielectric Test Voltage (AC rms)
UI 60
1000
60<UI 300
2000
300<UI 690
2500
690<UI 800
3000
800<UI 1000
3500
TABLE II
IEC DIVERSITY FACTORS
Number of Main Circuits
Diversity Factor
2 and 3
0.9
4 and 5
0.8
6 to 9 inclusive
0.7
10 and above
0.6
E. Mechanical Endurance
ANSI C37.20.1 and C37.51 require 100 mechanical
operations for each frame of draw-out circuit breakers. During
the course of these tests, the proper operation of the following
elements is required:
1. Separable primary contacts
2. Separable control contacts
3. Circuit breaker removable element position interlocks
4. Stored-energy mechanism interlocks
5. Housing mounted breaker position switches (cell
switch).
IEC 60439-1 does not require mechanical endurance tests if
devices have already been type tested according to their
relevant specifications. In the event type testing has not been
completed, operation of mechanical interlocks shall be verified
after installation in the assembly by 50 mechanical operations.
F. Paint Qualification
ANSI C37.20.1 5.2.8 requires a paint qualification test of
200 hours salt-spray. IEC 60439-1 makes no mention of paint
qualification for low-voltage switchgear equipment.
G. Verification of Clearances and Creepage Distances
IEC 60439-1 requires the verification of clearances and
creepage distances by measurement. If impulse voltage
withstand tests are performed, the minimum clearance
dimensions in air are given in Appendix B.
As indicated by the data, the minimum values are
dependent upon the pollution degree and field conditions.
ANSI C37.20.1 references no such rating scale for the
environmental conditions in which the equipment operates.
Furthermore, ANSI C37.20.1 does not dictate the through air
or creepage distances. Historically, these numbers have
been 1.00 inch (25.4 mm) through air and 2.00 inches (50.8
mm) over surface for 600V class Switchgear. These values
are mandated by the UL 1558 standard.
The IEC 60439-1 guidelines for creepage distances are
given in Appendix C. Since pollution degrees 1 and 2 are not
recommended for industrial applications, only pollution
degrees 3 and 4 are presented in Appendix C.
Like the through air clearances, the minimum creepage
distances specified by IEC 60439-1 are significantly lower
than the generally accepted values corresponding to ANSI
type equipment.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mechanical Operations
1)
Control Wiring Continuity:
ANSI requires the
correctness of control wiring be verified by either actual
electrical operation of the devices or by conducting individual
circuit continuity checks. IEC states the conformity of the
assembly to the circuit and wiring diagrams, technical data,
etc. provided by the manufacturer shall be checked.
2) Control Wiring Dielectric Test: Both standards require
control wiring dielectric testing on production assemblies.
ANSI requirements include a test voltage of 1500V for one
minute or 1800V for one second. IEC test values are based
upon the rated insulation voltage as given in IV.A.2. For
production tests, the voltage is to be applied for one second.
Recall for design tests, the voltage is applied for one minute.
3) Polarity Verification: ANSI C37.20.1 requires testing to
verify that connections between instrument transformers and
meters or relays are correctly connected with proper polarities
in accordance with circuit diagrams. IEC 60439-1 makes no
direct reference to verifying polarities of instrument
transformers and meters or relays. Rather, correctness of
polarities is implied under control wiring continuity verification.
4) Sequence Tests: Testing for proper sequencing of
devices is required by ANSI while IEC states that depending
upon the complexity of the assembly, sequence tests may
need to be conducted to ensure proper operation.
5) Checking of Protective Measures and of the Electrical
Continuity of the Protective Circuits: IEC 60439-1 requires
that protective circuits be checked by inspection to ensure
their continuity by effective interconnections either directly or
by means of conductors. These measures are detailed in IEC
60439-1 7.4.3.1.5 and should include random inspection of
screw type terminals.
Nameplates
H. Interlocks
ANSI C37.20.1 7 provides the application guide for lowvoltage Switchgear. Unusual conditions such as exposure to
hot and humid climates, abnormal vibration, shocks, tilting,
excessive dust, damaging fumes, salt air, oil vapors, seismic
shock, applications at high altitude and overload capabilities
are addressed. IEC 60439-1 6.2 states that where special
service conditions exists, the applicable particular
requirements shall be complied with or special agreements
shall be made between the user and manufacturer. Special
service conditions are not addressed specifically by IEC
60439-1.
VIII. CONCLUSIONS
There are substantial differences in the testing procedures
and construction techniques between ANSI and IEC lowvoltage switchgear.
In addition, there are many minor
differences that were not discussed in this paper and it cannot
be assumed that the two standards are in total agreement
regarding these issues. These differences along with the
associated power system designs of each market, require that
special consideration must be given when applying ANSI or
IEC equipment in an application differing from the design
standard to which the equipment conforms. Unifying the two
standards would be difficult based upon the vast differences in
product scope and market expectations throughout the world.
IX. APPENDIX
APPENDIX A
COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE RISE LIMITS, TABLE A-1
Description
Components
Built-in Components
Bus
Bare Copper Bus Connection
Plated Bus Connection
Connection to insulated
cables, un-plated copper
Connection to insulated cable
silver surfaced, tin surfaced or
equivalent
Air Temperatures
Surrounding Cables
Other parts or enclosure
Metal parts subject to contact
by operating personnel
Insulating parts subject to
contact by operating
personnel
External metal surfaces
accessible to an operator in
the normal course of duties
External insulating surfaces
accessible to an operator in
the normal course of duties
External metal surfaces not
accessible to an operator in
the normal course of duties
External insulating surfaces
not accessible to an operator
in the normal course of duties
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ANSI C37.20.1
Rise (C) unless otherwise noted
IEC 60439-1
Rise (C)
30
65
30
(1,2)
(1,2)
70
45
70
65 (3,5)
(4)
50 (3)
15
50 (3)
25
70 (3)
30
70 (3)
40
110 (3)
40
50
IEC 60439-1 does not specify values specifically for buses but offers the following as guidelines for determining the upper
limit:
Mechanical strength of conducting material
Permissible temperature limit of the insulating materials in contact with the conductor
For plug-in contacts, nature and surface treatment of the contact material
APPENDIX B
IEC 60439-1 MINIMUM CLEARANCES, TABLE A-II
Rated Impulse Withstand Voltage
(kV)
1
0.01
0.04
0.10
0.50
1.50
3.00
5.50
8.00
14.00
0.33
0.50
0.80
1.50
2.50
4.00
6.00
8.00
12.00
1.60
2.00
3.00
4.50
APPENDIX C
IEC 60439-1 CREEPAGE DISTANCES FOR EQUIPMENT, TABLE A-III
Rated Insulation Voltage
I
250
400
500
630
3.2
5.0
6.3
8.0
(.13)
(.20)
(.25)
(.31)
Pollution Degree
Material Group
II
IIIa
mm (in.)
3.6 (.14)
4.0 (.16)
5.6 (.22)
6.3 (.25)
7.1 (.28)
8.0 (.31)
9.0 (.35) 10.0 (.39)
IIIb
4.0
6.3
8.0
10.0
Pollution Degree
Material Group
II
IIIa
IIIb
mm (in.)
5.6 (.22) 6.3 (.25) 6.3 (.25)
10.0 (.39) 12.5 (.49) 12.5 (.49)
12.5 (.49) 16.0 (.63) 16.0 (.63)
16.0 (.63) 20.0 (.79) 20.0 (.79)
APPENDIX D
ELEMENTS OF THE IP CODE, IEC 60439-1, TABLE A-IV
Element
Code Letters
First
Characteristic
Numeral
Second
Characteristic
Numeral
Additional Letter
(Optional)
Numerals or Letters
IP
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
A
B
C
D
Supplementary
Letter
(Optional)
H
M
S
W
10
Back of hand
Finger
Tool
Wire
X. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author gratefully acknowledges the contributions of
Bob Yanniello and Richard Trussler who reviewed the
paper several times during the course of its development.
XI. REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
ANSI/IEEE C37.20.1-1993, IEEE Standard for MetalEnclosed Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker
Switchgear, New York, NY: IEEE.
ANSI/IEEE C37.51-1989, IEEE Standard for MetalEnclosed AC Power Circuit Breaker Conformance Test
Procedures, New York, NY: IEEE.
IEC 60439-1 (1999-09), Low-Voltage Switchgear and
Controlgear Assemblies, Geneva, Switzerland: IEC.
IEC 60947-1 (2001-12), Low-Voltage Switchgear and
Controlgear Part1:
General Rules, Geneva,
Switzerland: IEC.
IEC 60529 (2001-02), Degrees of Protection Provided by
Enclosures (IP Code), Geneva, Switzerland: IEC.
XII. VITA
Eddie Wilkie graduated from North Carolina State
University in 1990 with a BSME. He has been a design
engineer and product development manager for Lowvoltage Switchgear assemblies.
He is currently the
engineering manager for Low-voltage switching devices.
He has been employed by Cutler-Hammer since 1990.
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