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Chief Engineer
Water Resources Department
Rajasthan, Jaipur
PREFACE
Status of water in Rajasthan is critical and complex. Ground water table is depleting
at fast rate across the state due to over exploitation. The availability of water is also
decreasing regularly due to abnormal growth of population. After independence,
major concentration was extended to water sector and 90% of state's water is utilized
by irrigated agriculture. But the major concerns in water sector are sustainability,
productivity, water management, pricing etc.
It will be our endeavor that the works are executed with strict quality standards
confirming to technical specifications with deployment of good construction
modalities. To achieve the objectives of an effective Quality Control Monitoring and
Quality Assurance Management System, an independent quality control unit has
been established and made operational. The important aspect is to develop quality
concept and capacity of field engineers to be continuously vigilant on quality
control. Accordingly a manual to promote procedure and guidelines of quality
control systems on the works of Water Resources Department has been prepared,
after detailed discussions and feedback experience from the prevailing practices.
The manual shall provide in depth understanding of the need of quality control,
including prescribing the tests required to be conducted for the materials during
construction and placement activities along-with post construction scenario. The
manual is designed to introduce various formats to be followed at various stages or
construction to achieve proper quality control and to transmit necessary reports. It
also provides an opportunity for the engineering personnel for deployment of their
skills in quality control procedures to increase useful life of structures being
constructed in confirmation with the international standards.
Although every care has been taken to check mistakes and misprints, yet it is
difficult to claim perfection. Any errors, omissions and suggestions for the
improvement and corrections in the Quality Control Manual are most welcome from
all the quarters, which may please be sent to the undersigned.
Quality Control Manual for Water Resources Department has been made under
valuable guidance and support of the Committee officers Sh.P.L.Solanki, Chief
Engineer Quality Control & Vigilance, Jaipur and Sh.G.R.Bhansali, Chief Engineer
SWRPD, Jaipur .Their valuable support for the finalization of Quality Control
Manual applicable to the construction works of Water Resources Department by
Sh. Narendra Mertia SE & TA and his team is thankfully acknowledged.
(Kundan Lal)
Chief Engineer
Water Resources Department
Rajasthan, Jaipur
INDEX
CHAPTER NO.
PARTICULARS
PAGE
NO.
(i)-(iii)
CHAPTER-I
CHAPTER-II
ORGANISATIONAL SET-UP
CHAPTER-III
CHAPTER-IV
16
CHAPTER-V
20
CHAPTER-VI
CO-ORDINATIONS
24
CHAPTER-VII
QUALITY ASSURANCE
27
CHAPTER-VIII
O.K. CARDS
29
CHAPTER-IX
39
CHAPTER-X
41
CHAPTER-XI
43
CHAPTER-XII
IMPORTANT SPECIFICATIONS
58
CHAPTER-XIII
FREQUENCY OF TESTING
96
CHAPTER-XIV
102
CHAPTER-XV
107
CHAPTER-XVI
108
CHAPTER-XVII
CHAPTER-XVIII
CHAPTER-XIX
CHAPTER-XX
CHAPTER-XXI
CHAPTER-XXII
FOR
SHOT-CRETING
AND
112
117
122
129
130
132
ANNEXURE-I
ANNEXURE-II
ORGANISATIONAL CHART
142
ANNEXURE-III
143
139
ANNEXURE-IV
144
ANNEXURE-V-A
145
ANNEXURE-V-B
146
ANNEXURE-VI
147
ANNEXURE-VII
148
ANNEXURE-VIII
149
ANNEXURE-IX
150
ANNEXURE-X
ILLUSTRATION OF PREPARATION OF
CONTROL CHARTS FOR CEMENT AND
CONCRETE
151
ANNEXURE-XI
161
ANNEXURE-XII
162
ANNEXURE-XIII
163
ANNEXURE-XIV
165
ANNEXURE-XV
PHOTOGRAPHS OF KEY/CRITICAL
EQUIPMENTS
168
4
5
6
7
8
9
Short Title
IS. to various
Standards
Cement
Specification for 33 grade ordinary Portland cement IS:269 -1989
Specification for Rapid-hardening Portland cement IS:8041 -1990
Specification for Portland pozzolona cement
IS:1489 (Part 1&2)
1991
Methods of physical test for hydraulic cement
IS:4031 -1988
Method of chemical analysis of hydraulic cement
IS:4032 -1985
Method of sampling for hydraulic cement
IS:3535 -1986
Standard sand for testing of cement
IS:650 -1991
Specification for 43 grade ordinary Portland cement IS:8112 -1989
Specification for 53 grade ordinary Portland cement IS:12269-1987
Coarse / Fine Aggregate
Specification for coarse & fine aggregates
Methods of test for aggregates for concrete
particle size and shape.
Methods of test for aggregates for concrete
estimation of deleterious materials and organic
impurities.
Methods of test for aggregates for concrete specific
gravity, density, voids, absorption & bulking.
Methods of test for aggregates for concrete
Mechanical properties.
Methods of test for aggregate for concrete
Soundness.
Methods of test for aggregate for concrete
measuring mortar making properties of fine
aggregates.
Methods of test for aggregates for concrete
alkali aggregate reactivity.
Methods of test for aggregates for concrete
petrographic examination.
(C)
1
2
Bricks
Method for sampling of clay building bricks
Method of tests of burnt-clay building bricks
IS:383-1970
IS:2386 (Part I)-1963
IS:2386 (Part II)-1963
S.
No.
(D)
1
2
Short Title
Masonry Mortar
Specification for sand for masonry mortars
Code of practice for preparation and use of
masonry mortar.
Cement Concrete
Specification for coarse and fine aggregate
Specification for compressive strength, flexural
strength.
Code of practice for plain & reinforced concrete
4
5
(F)
1
Curing Compound
Standard test method for water retention & day
light reflection test on concrete.
Standard method of test for effect of organic
materials in fine aggregate on strength of mortar.
Standard specification for liquid membranes
forming compounds.
(E)
1.
2
2
3
(G)
1
2
3
4
(H)
1
2
3
4
5
6
(I)
1
2
IS. to various
Standards
IS:2116 -1980
IS:2250 -1981
IS:383 - 1970
IS:516 -1959
IS:456 -2000
IS:1199 - 1959
IS:10262 - 1982
ASTM-C-156809
ASTM-C-87-69
ASTM- C-309-89
IS:12200 - 1987
Parts of IS:8543
ASTM : D 638-1991
ASTM : D 412-1992
IS:1786 - 1985
IS:432 (Part I) -1982
IS:1521 - 1972
IS:432 (Part II) -1982
IS:1608 - 1995
IS:2502 - 1963
IS:458 - 1988
IS:3597 1985
S.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Short Title
Preparation of dry soil samples
Determination of water content (moisture content)
Determination of specific gravity of fine grained
soils.
Determination of specific gravity of fine, medium
& coarse grained soils.
Grain size analysis
Determination of liquid and plastic limit
Determination of shrinkage factors
Determination of water content -dry density
relation using light compaction.
Determination of water content -dry density
relation using heavy compaction.
Determination of water content -dry density
relation using constant weight of soil method.
Determination of unconfined compressive strength
Determination of shear strength parameters
(tri-axial) without measurement of pore water
pressure (tri-axial compaction).
Determination of shear strength parameters with
measurement of pore water pressure.
Direct shear test
Determination of density index (relative density)
of cohesionless soils.
Determination of consolidation properties
Determination of permeability
Determination of dry density of soils, in- place by
the sand replacement method.
Determination of dry density of soils, in- place by
core-cutter method.
Laboratory vane shear test.
Determination of the density in place by the ring
and water replacement method.
Determination of free swell index of soils
Measurement of swelling pressure of soils
Classification and identification of soils for
general engineering purposes.
IS. to various
Standards
IS:2720 (Part I) -1983
IS:2720 (Part II) -1973
IS:2720 (Part III) -1980
Sect/1
IS:2720 (Part III) -1980
Sect/2
IS:2720 (Part IV) -1985
IS:2720 (Part V)- 1985
IS: 2720 (Part VI)- 1972
IS:2720 (Part VII) -1980
IS:2720 (Part VIII) 1983
IS:2720 (Part IX) -1971
IS:2720 (Part X) -1973
IS:2720 (Part XI) -1971
CHAPTER I
QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1
A capable and functional construction supervision (CS) and quality control / quality
assurance team is needed to ensure implementation of contract specifications. To
achieve this objective intensive training will be given to all related staff of
construction / quality control in suitable batches covering specifications for the
works to be executed and also the procedure to conduct various tests in the field and
laboratories. Recommendation of I.S. codes will be explained in the training so as to
cover key construction and QC / QA aspects.
1.2
1.3
2.
2. Contractor
Control
on
workmanship;
Tests
on
materials;
Important
4.
5.1
Quality Control
Quality Assurance
5.2
5.3
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
All activities of the overall management function that determine the quality
policy, objectives and responsibilities, and implement them by means such as
Quality Planning, Quality Control, Quality Assurance, and Quality
Improvement within the quality system.
The QUALITY CONTROL MANUAL being adopted for Water Resources
Department (the salient requirements of which are being outline in the
various chapters) aims at a System Approach to ensure that upon
implementation , the quality levels as set and defined in the specifications
and contract documents and relevant Indian Standards would be met in the
execution of project works.
CHAPTER II
ORGANISATIONAL SET-UP
GENERAL
I.
II.
III.
Every Q/C Circle shall be divided in number of division and each division
shall be headed by the Executive Engineer for the purpose of effective
quality control, every divisional jurisdiction shall be sub-divided in number
of units and each unit is to be put under the charge of A.En. The E.E. quality
control shall make all arrangements for the demarcating the areas of
operation of every quality control staff and issue a duty chart for each
member after approval from the C.E / S.E. Field Laboratory will be situated
at important nodal points which shall cover all the adjoining works and incharge will be T.A. to Executive Engineer. Site Laboratories as per
requirement in field shall be maintained by concerned site in-charge
(construction) and also utilized by Assistant Engineer Q/C for carrying out
necessary tests whenever site is inspected by him.
IV.
(1)
They should monitor that all required tests are carried out before start of
work as well as during execution. At least 10% tests are to be conducted by
the quality control units for reliability of the results and counter checking.
(2)
They should ensure that all arrangements for carrying out routine field tests
in the field laboratories and site laboratories are duly made including
provisions and up-keeping of equipments, personnel etc. and record of these
field tests in prescribed formats are maintained. They should check this
record and also sign in the relevant registers in token of their inspection.
They should conduct field tests whenever they visit site of construction work
and record results of such tests in the registers maintained for the purpose.
(3)
(4)
(5)
The Chief Engineer, Quality Control shall ensure at least one test check of all
the works costing more than Rs.250.00 lacs in a year. This does not preclude
him for conducting more than one test check of any work for important
works; frequent checking is to be carried out.
The test check shall be thorough to ensure the quality of work and shall
include a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
CHAPTER III
GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF LABORATORIES
The laboratory system, in addition to evaluate and monitor the inputs and outputs,
would also evaluate and monitor the workmanship as well as construction plant,
machinery and equipment. This would, thus, be accompanied by testing as well as
inspection.
FUNCTIONS OF CENTRAL LABORATORY AT JAIPUR
I.
II.
To conduct laboratory tests for foundation soil, and for selection of soils
from proposed borrow areas, for use in the various zones of embankment as
per specifications, proctor density & optimum moisture content of soils
before start of earth work.
III.
For masonry and concrete, the strength of mortar and concrete has to be as
specified in agreement. Laboratory has to design the proportions of different
ingredients through tests for the specified strength. The proportioning shall
be done by weight. It should be co-related with volume for volumetric
batching of concrete where quantity of concrete to be placed is of small
magnitude. Volume batching may be allowed by the Engineer-in-charge
where weight batching is not practical and provided accurate bulk densities
of materials to be actually used in concrete have been established. Allowance
for bulking shall be made in accordance with IS: 2386 (Part III)-1963. The
mass volume relationship shall be checked at periodical frequency to ensure
that specified grading is maintained.
IV.
For concrete and mortars where strength is not given and only proportions
have been specified, the strength should be treated as standard for execution.
V.
VI.
Since the strength of cement varies from batch to batch in a cement factory
itself, it is essential that a relation between strength of cement versus strength
of concrete may be worked out in the lab, well in advance of the starting of
the work. This would facilitate in furnishing the proper proportion of the mix
for adopting in the field and also it entails adding or reducing cement content
based on the strength of the cement.
VII.
A.
SOIL :
Disturbed grain size analysis IS: 2720 (Part IV) -1985.
Proctors compaction IS: 2720 (Part VII & VIII).
Atterberg's limit IS: 2720 (Part V) -1985.
Permeability IS: 2720 (XVII) - 1986 (at OMC. MDD)
Shear test (remoulded at OMC. MDD drained / undrained) IS: 2720 (Part
XIII) -1986.
Specific gravity IS: 2720 (Part III) -1980. Undisturbed density and natural
moisture content, permeability, consolidation, shear test (drained/undrained)
at OMC or saturation.
Free swell index; Swelling pressure of soil sample.
Dispersibility of soils.
Total Soluble salts.
Chemical test for carbonates & sulphates (Chlorides Gypsum test).
B.
SAND :
For IS: 383-1970 Grading, IS: 2386 (Part I) Fineness Modulus, IS: 2386
(Part III) Bulkage , IS: 2386 (Part II) Organic and silt content.
Deleterious material and mica content, and presence of organic impurities, if
any.
C.
D.
CEMENT
Fineness, consistency, specific gravity, compressive strength, setting time,
soundness by Le-Chatelier test.
E.
COARSE AGGREGATE :
Grading IS: 2386 (Part I) -1963
BOULDERS :
Soundness, weight and size, absorption, specific gravity, weathering
conditions (visual) abrasion after breaking to proper sizes.
G.
FILTER MATERIALS :
Grading, uniformity co-efficient, weathering conditions (visual) and tests for
fine and coarse aggregate fulfillment of filter criteria as per I.S.Code.
H.
WATER:
pH value, silt content, soluble salts and any other impurities.
H1.
STEEL
Ultimate tensile strength / Elongation.
I.
CONCRETE :
Air Content
Mix Proportions; Test on admixture (if used); Test on Super-plasticiser (if
used)
J.
K.
BRICKS :
Dimensions and physical properties including water absorption and
compressive strength.
L.
TESTS
FOR
FOUNDATION
INVESTIGATION
AND
INSITU
N.
10
However, one has to wait for 28 days to get the results of compressive
strength of concrete cubes / cylinders. Even the accelerated compressive
strength tests take considerable time.
The portable electronic devices, commercially available now, have made it
possible for rapid on-site measurements of slump, temperature, water-cement
ratio (the most important factor influencing the strength of concrete) and the
likely 28 days strength of fresh concrete mixes. Software supplied with the
electronic unit also produces 'quality control certificates' based on the
measurements taken by this unit. This evidence of the properties of concrete
gives the site Q.C. /Q.A. Engineer, the confidence to accept or, if necessary,
to reject the concrete mix before it is placed.
Central laboratory at Jaipur is planned to be equipped with such a portable
electronic unit with software.
On embankment construction and compacted earth fill placement it is
planned to procure an engineering device of the type "Nuclear Guage" to
enable much more rapid and economic compaction and quality control than
the conventional methods, without any loss in accuracy. Such a device is
capable of quickly computing and displaying wet density, moisture content,
dry density, and percentage of compaction in terms of Proctor density.
The central laboratory at Jaipur is planned to be equipped with two Nuclear
Guage Device. Inspection of testing activities is illustrated in Annexure -IV.
FUNCTIONS OF ZONAL LABORATORY
To carry out tests of soils, filter materials, ingredients of concrete, tests of cement
and mortar etc. of the samples collected by the quality control staff and also such
samples collected by construction staff whose facility of testing is not available at
site as well as field laboratories. Results of tests performed will be reported to
Executive Engineer construction and Superintending Engineer and Chief Engineer
of Quality Control unit in the prescribed Performa pertaining to the following tests:
11
SOILS:
1.
2.
Sieve analysis
3.
4.
Atterberg's limits
5.
Specific gravity
SAND:
1.
2.
3.
Bulkage
COARSE AGGREGATE:
1.
Grading
2.
Specific gravity
3.
2.
3.
Mix Proportions
BOULDER SAMPLE:
1.
Absorption
2.
Dimensions
3.
4.
CEMENT:
1.
2.
Strength of cement
BRICKS:
1.
WATER:
1.
Chemical
2.
3.
12
2.
Sieve analysis.
3.
CNS:
1.
Gradation analysis
2.
Shear Parameters
3.
Index properties
SAND:
1.
2.
Bulkage
3.
CEMENT:
Casting of cubes for strength; Fineness by Sieve.
COARSE AGGREGATE:
1.
Grading
2.
Physical Properties
2.
3.
BOULDER SAMPLE:
1.
Water absorption
2.
Dimensions
3.
13
BRICKS:
Dimensions & physical properties including water absorption.
SITE LABORATORIES:
To carry out daily routine tests of soils, filter material, ingredients of concrete and
mortar for the on-going works and material carted at site before use. Results will be
recorded in registers kept at site for inspection purposes and will be reported to J.En.
& A.En. Construction and Quality Control, in the prescribed Performa pertaining to
the following:
SOILS & EARTH WORK:
1.
SAND:
1.
2.
Bulkage
COARSE AGGREGATE:
1.
Gradation analysis
2.
Physical properties
CEMENT:
Casting of cubes for strength
FRESH CONCRETE & MORTAR:
1.
Slump test
2.
3.
BOULDER SAMPLE:
1.
2.
Water absorption
BRICKS:
1.
2.
14
Record of daily activities / tests will be maintained at site in the registers such as:1. Inspection Register
2. D.B.D. Register
3. Cement Consumption Register
4. Slump Test Register
5. Daily progress register progress to be compared with consumption of various
ingredients including cement.
FUNCTIONS OF MOBILE LABORATORY (FIELD TESTS)
(i)
To carry daily routine tests on compaction efficiency. Field density and moisture
content determination test.
(ii)
To carry out daily routine tests like silt content, fineness modulus and gradation of
fine aggregates and coarse aggregates.
(iii)
To carry out slump test, unit weight and temperature of concrete by using fresh
concrete in-situ testing equipment, and to take fresh concrete as per the required
frequency.
15
CHAPTER IV
DUTIES OF STAFF INCHARGE OF LABORATORIES
DUTIES OF ASSISTANT ENGINEER / A.R.O. INCHARGE OF
LABORATORY
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
To prepare fortnightly review of all the tests results and submit to the
Executive Engineer, Quality Control & Construction.
v)
vi)
The Central Laboratory & Zonal Laboratories have to conduct tests for the
suitability of materials proposed from various quarries, well in advance of
the actual execution of work, for which the construction staff shall send the
material to the lab well in advance.
vii)
Steel rods as proposed to be used shall be tested for ultimate tensile strength
elongation and bond etc. as per standards.
viii)
Samples of welded rods, welded at site shall be collected and tested to the
quality of welding.
CEMENT :
1.
Fineness by Blaine
2.
Normal Consistency
3.
Setting time
16
B)
C)
D)
E)
4.
Soundness
5.
Specific gravity
6.
Compressive strength
7.
Adulteration test
SAND :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Specific gravity
5.
COARSE AGGREGATE :
1.
2.
Specific gravity
3.
Water absorption
4.
5.
Crushing strength
6.
Impact
7.
Abrasion
8.
Flakiness index
9.
CONCRETE :
1.
2.
Compressive strength
3.
Air content
4.
5.
6.
Cement content
MORTAR :
1.
Consistency
2.
Compressive Strength
3.
4.
Cement Content
17
F)
SOILS :
1.
2.
Consistency limits
3.
4.
Specific gravity
5.
Swell pressure
ii)
Compaction tests
b)
Limit tests
c)
d)
e)
Slump test
f)
b)
c)
d)
18
will not exceed 1% for water and 3% for all aggregates. Periodical test will be made
at least once in a month in case of equipment for measuring water, cement,
admixtures, sand and coarse aggregate. Other measuring equipments will be tested
once in a year unless some defects are noticed earlier, in which case these will be
attended immediately.
Documents will be established and calibration procedures will be maintained
including details of the following:
1.
Equipment type
2.
Identification number
3.
Location
4.
Frequency of Checks
5.
Check method
6.
Acceptance criteria
7.
19
CHAPTER V
DUTIES OF FIELD STAFF IN RELATION TO QUALITY OF
WORKS
DUTIES OF ASSISTANT ENGINEER
ASSISTANT ENGINEER
CONSTRUCTION
1.
2.
3.
20
ASSISTANT ENGINEER
ASSISTANT ENGINEER QUALITY
CONSTRUCTION
CONTROL
central laboratory are fed into the
water depending on the moisture
mixers/batching plants etc., and shall
content of sand as and when
ensure specified mixing time.
required.
(minimum 2 minutes)
6. Shall ensure proper vibration, rolling 6.
etc., during course of day to day
work. Shall conduct D.B.D. test of
earth work, gradation of material,
slump test, core drill test and to
extract field samples of material and
finished products to be sent to
different laboratories also provide
men and material required for
extracting samples of finished product
for quality control staff.
10. Shall maintain (1) mark-out register 10. Shall maintain registers of field tests
(2) OK Card files (3) Load Register.
conducted.
21
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
22
and
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
CONSTRUCTION
invariably before starting the work.
8.
9.
10.
Shall jointly inspect the site with 10. Shall jointly inspect the site with
quality control Executive Engineer
Construction Executive Engineer in
in case variation in classification is
case variation in classification is
less than 10% (+/-) and finalize the
less than 10% (+/-) and finalize the
classification.
classification.
23
CHAPTER VI
CO-ORDINATIONS
The construction staff and quality control staff must act in tandem to achieve good
quality of the finished product and construction as per the contract specifications.
Construction staff should make it a point to inform the quality control staff, the date
of starting of any activities or component of the work well in advance so as to enable
the quality control staff to schedule their work plan and attend the particular work on
the particular date.
In turn quality control staff should schedule their programme, so as to attend to the
work on the dates required by the construction staff and ensure that, the progress of
work is not hampered.
The quality control staff shall be responsible for exercising the various field checks
with reference to drawing and specifications laid down in respective I.S. code during
construction and carrying out all the laboratory and field tests on materials used for
construction and reporting through their higher officer, to the field staff for ensuring
quality.
The Assistant Engineer / Executive Engineer (Quality Control) can address Assistant
Engineer / Executive Engineer construction regarding defects, rectification testing
etc.
As far as possible the defects are to be rectified in the presence of the Quality
Control staff and the payment shall be effected only after the Quality Control Staff
are fully satisfied with the rectification and quality of work. Any rectification done
subsequently any intimation and presence of Quality Control Staff shall be at the
sole responsibility of the construction staff.
The defects, if any, noticed by the quality control staff during their course of
inspection shall be brought to the notice of the construction staff then and there. It is
the primary responsibility of the Quality Control & Inspections staff to draw the
attention of the construction staff, whenever they notice defective work during their
course of inspection. It is duty of the construction staff to attend to the rectification
and maintain proper specifications as pointed out by their counter part of the Quality
Control organisation.
24
Quality Control staff will monitor that all tests required as per agreement and I.S.
Codes are carried out in different laboratories by the field staff they will also test
check to the extent of minimum 10% (or as decided by Chief Engineer QC) of the
required tests and co-relate with the other tests conducted in different laboratories.
All observations regarding substandard or below specification work will be dully
recorded in the inspection / visit books kept at site by inspecting officer. Such
substandard or below specification works should be got stopped / dismantled
immediately by execution unit. The defects pointed out by Quality Control Unit will
be communicated to the execution unit for compliance immediately. The compliance
report should be sent by execution unit within ten days.
The quality control staff cannot supervise the placement of concrete on a mix to mix
basis continuously. They can only conduct random check of input materials, mixing
time, placement of concrete, vibration etc. It's the primary responsibility of the
construction staff to ensure adequate supervision of mix to mix placement of
concrete.
The Operations of the Quality Control Staff shall not interfere in any way, with the
executive powers vested with the officers in-charge of execution. They will also in
no way diminish the responsibility of the officers in-charge of execution. The field
officers in-charge of works are primarily responsible for the quality of all works and
to carry out the work as per the technical specifications.
In case of difference of opinion between quality control staff and construction staff,
it should be sorted out by way of discussions in cordial atmosphere and mutual trust
as per the guide lines indicated below. In case it involves any design feature /
problem / aspect, the design office should be duly consulted and the advice given by
the designer should be accepted.
In case of difference of opinion between Executive Engineer, Construction and
Executive Engineer, Quality Control it would be referred to Superintending
Engineer, Construction, who would discuss the matter with Superintending
Engineer, Quality Control and settle the issue. Similarly, when the Superintending
Engineer, Quality Control is not readily available, the Superintending Engineer,
Construction can over-rule after recording the reasons in writing. In such cases the
25
26
CHAPTER VII
QUALITY ASSURANCE
All planned and systematic strategies and actions necessary to generate adequate
confidence that Input and Output product will satisfy given requirements of quality
and all the components of works perform satisfactory during life period of service,
adequate quality checks as analysed during construction is a record which speaks of
"Quality Assurance". It comprises planning and policies, education and training
standards and specifications, contracts and agreements, and quality control. Quality
assurance is to assume that the materials as per standard and as per the requirements
have gone into the production of concrete, earth, masonry work etc. This is achieved
by evaluating the quality checks during construction and post construction tests
made and compared.
LIST OF DOCUMENTS
Each QC laboratory should hold the following documents:
Quality control manual.
Technical Records: Specification, Contract documents, inspection and Test
Procedures, relevant standards / code of practice.
Mill Certificates.
Material test reports, test reports of cores.
Inspection Reports.
Photographic / Video film records of construction which may not remain
accessible after commissioning of the project.
Non-conformance reports.
Statistical evaluation reports.
Technical Literature.
Standardization of records.
Quality Control Personnel should hold the following Documents:
Data of test.
Area where material is used.
Test method with reference to standards.
Testing results, including those of cores of concrete.
27
Acceptance criteria.
Remarks
Test personnel signature.
Junior Engineer and Assistant Engineer (Site In-charge at site) should always have a
kit consisting of equipments i.e. measuring tapes, scale, Vernier calipers, Plumb
rule & bob, spirit level, square, Gunia (small), hammer, measuring glass etc. to
facilitate quality checking at site.
28
CHAPTER VIII
O.K. CARDS
Since O.K. Cards contain important entries/information on execution of works at all
stages and are liable to be referred/perused at a later stage also, the O.K. Cards shall
be maintained in duplicate in two colours. The green coloured card shall form a part
of the record of Q.C. /Q.A. Wing and the pink coloured card remains in the custody
of Construction wing. The O.K. Cards, relating to any particular work, shall be put
in a round shaped tin box and placed right at the construction site. The exterior of
the tin box shall be painted red. Senior officers shall also check the O.K. Cards
during their field inspections to ensure that those are being maintained and
proper/genuinely filled.
An O.K. Card is a condensed form of specifications and essential requirements for
achieving specified workmanship and quality level of output. Each work is subdivided into various construction activities in proper sequence / order of
construction. Such activities are listed in chronological order on the O.K. Cards.
For various stages of construction activities where laboratory tests or checks with
reference to drawing and specification are required from quality control unit, O.K.
Cards System shall be followed. The O.K. Cards should be made available on the
site in regular manner. Approval of the component of work in progress at the times
of inspection should be recorded by the inspecting officer.
The O.K. Card consists of two parts for each work. Part first covers the initial
preparedness for the work and indicates pre-requisites where as the second part
covers the daily performance of activities based on pre-requisites and also giving
permission to perform the job by the construction as well as Quality Control staff.
Besides the location and type of work, the first column of O.K. Card is to be filled
by the construction agency (contractor) by preparing each feature and making it
ready for inspection by the project construction engineer who Okay through his
signatures and then puts up to the Q.C. /Q.A. Engineer is not available at site then
O.K. given by construction Engineer will be treated as final. If anything otherwise is
29
not observed. Should anything otherwise be found, the O.K. Card shall not be signed
by him and ask the Construction Engineer / agency for necessary rectification.
Subsequently, O.K. Card should refer to the defects removed, if pointed out
previously in O.K. Card and counter reference to the previous check and should be
signed of Okayed.
It must be borne in mind that work cannot be held up unduly for disposal of O'K
Card. The Assistant Engineer (Quality Control) / Construction will be okaying
authority for concentrated work like dam, spillway, head regulator etc. and Assistant
Engineer / Junior Engineer construction will be okaying authority for scattered
works like canals and small structures. Random checks by supervising officers
should be recorded on O'K Cards at site. Weekly report of O'K Cards maintained by
construction unit should be submitted to S.E. / Q.C. of the area who has to monitor
and ensure that adequate check is being maintained by field staff. Confirmation
regarding rectification of defects be obtained from A.En. /Q.C. before making
payment once in three bills and final bill of the contractor.
After processing through various levels and entering observations and rectification
O'K Card will be closed at the time of taking measurements for releasing payments
to the contractor. Photocopy of the O'K Cards (pink) will be kept at site and original
copy will be attached with the bill and will be kept on record by the division office
while making payments to the contractor. Photo copy of O'K Card of Quality
Control will also be enclosed with the bill & kept on record with the bill by the
division office. However O.K. Card of Quality Control will not be closed till the
work is finalized and will be kept on record by the Executive Engineer, Quality
Control after the rectification is completed by the construction wing and final
comments are recorded by both the Assistant Engineer.
Specimen of O.K. Cards for various works such as embankment, concrete, masonry
etc. have been enclosed below.
30
31
Date
Description of Activities
(Chainage layer)
32
Description of Activities
Chainage
Removal of Vegetation, debris
Completion of dewatering
Filling of over excavation, depressions/
Pockets in soil/rocky strata as per
specification
Watering of sub-grade
Compaction of sub-grade (bottom & sides)
through slope compaction/Pneumatic rammer /
power roller to specific density (..... %)
Final Lip cutting & checking sub-grade surface
to ensure within permissible tolerances (up to
6.5 mm on sides, up to 12.5 mm on Bed)
Laying of under-drainage arrangement
(a) Porous Plugs (b) Longitudinal &
Transverse Drains (c) Porous Panels
Final wetting of sub-grade to 15 cm depth
Checking of quantity and quality of material
stacked at site
Cement, Aggregate, Sand, Water
Checking of mixer, vibratos & power
Checking of form work/ Shuttering true to line
and grade
O.K. for lining placement
33
Date
Description of
Activities
& location
Weather PreRequisites of
Sub-grade
preparation
done
Satisfactory
Quality &
Quantity of
material
stacked at site
34
Signature of
Contractor/
Engineer
Remarks &
Dated Sign.
of QC/
Inspection
Engineer
Description of Activities
Dated
Signatures
of Agency
Cement
b)
Sand
c)
Water
Mortar
a)
Mix measurement
b)
Mixing, Consistency
35
Description of Activities
Remarks &
Dated Signature
of QC/
Inspection
Engineer
Material Suitability
i. Cement
ii. Steel
iii. Aggregate 40 mm, 20 mm
iv. Sand
v. Water
vi. Admixture
O.K. for materials
Form work & Centering
i) Tightness, Stability, Smoothness
ii) Cleaning, oiling, perfectness of
form work.
iii) R.L. of Centering
iv) Checking of reinforcement.
O.K. for reinforcement
Tools & Plants
i) Mixers & Vibrator
ii) Adequacy of concrete production
/ transportation, placement,
consolidation.
O.K. for Placement
1. Design mix, measurement
2. Mixing / Consistency
3. Slump
4. Compaction of Concrete
5. Joints
6. Finishing
7. Casting of Cubes
8. Curing
9. Compressive strength 28 days
Final O.K.
Note: Before pouring of concrete the reinforcement should be got checked by the Q.C. Unit.
Working standby vibrator & mixer should be kept at site before start of concreting.
36
Description of Activities
A. Materials Suitability :
i. Cement
ii. Aggregate 40 mm, 20 mm
iii. Sand
iv. Water
v. Treatment of soil if any
O.K. for materials
B. Formation of Canal Banks :
i) Stripping/Removal of vegetation
ii) Cutting canal bed & sides to the
geometric section/shape
iii) Consolidation
iv) Trimming
C. Casting of PCC Slabs :
i) Mix, Measurement by weight
ii) Mixing, consistency
iii) Slump
iv) Water Cement Ratio
v) Casting of PCC Slabs
vi) Casting of cubes of concrete mix
vii) Providing sub base if necessity
viii) Laying/Placing in position PCC
slabs
ix) Construction joints
x) Contraction joints
xi) Pointing with CM
xii) Curing
xiii) Pressure Relief Hole
xiv) Flexural Strength of PCC Slabs
Final O.K.
37
Remarks &
Dated Signature
of QC/
Inspection
Engineer
S.No.
Description
GENERAL
1. R.L. and area surface to be grouted.
2. Classification of the rock strata.
3. Salient feature of the strata such
as a fault zone cavities, fissures etc.
4. Permeability value of the strata before grout.
GROUP
5. Pattern of Grout adopted
6. Depth and dia. of the hole
7. Pressure adopted for grout
8. Proportion of grouting mix
9. Intake of slurry mortar per unit area per unit time
10. Total quality of intake
11. Final permeability value of the strata after grout
12. Whether the grout strata is OK.
38
Remarks
CHAPTER IX
TESTS TO BE PERFORMED ON MATERIALS
MATERIAL
Cement
Water
TEST
a)
Chemical
i) Sio2, A12O3, Fe2O3, Cao ,MgO, SO2,
Insoluble residue & Loss on ignition
ii) Alkalies & Chlorides
iii) Free Lime
b)
Physical
i) Specific gravity
ii) Fineness
iii) Soundness
iv) Compressive strength
v) Drying shrinkage
Chemicals
i) Cl, SO4, Organic & Inorganic Solids, pH,
Alkalinity / Acidity
ii) Setting time of mortar
iii) Relative strength of concrete
Fine Aggregate
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
Coarse
Aggregates
i)
Sieve Analysis
39
METHOD
IS:4032-1985
IS:4031-1988
IS:3025-1987
IS:1199-1959
IS:383, IS:2386
(Part I & IV)
IS:2386 (Part II)
IS:2386 (Part III)
IS:2386 (Part III)
IS:2386 (Part III)
IS:2386-1963
PART - I
PART-II
PART-III
PART-IV
PART - V
PART-VI
PART-VII
Embankment
i)
Proctors compaction
a)
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
Fresh Concrete
Air Contents
Vibration
Temperature measurement
Mix proportions
Water cement ratio
Yield
b)
i)
ii)
Workability test
Slump Test
Compaction Factor test
c)
i)
ii)
Hardened Concrete
Compressive strength
MDT Tests
d)
IS:2720 Part
(vii & viii) -1980
IS:2720 Part (v)-1985
IS:2720 Part (xvii)1966
IS:2720 Part (xiii)-1986
IS:2720 Part (iii)-1980
IS:2720 Part (iv)-1985
Usual procedure
IS:CED2(CESS) ASTM
C 597-83
BS: 4408
IS : 516-1959
IS : CED 2 (3890)
Special Test
i) Microscopy
ii) Non-destructive
iii) Core Testing
Admixtures
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
Bleeding
Relative Strength
Setting Time
Relative water content
Relative length change
Masonry
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
Gradation of Sand
Slump Test
Compressive strength of stones
Tests for stone - Water absorption
- Specific gravity
- Porosity
- Weathering of natural building stone
40
IS:9103-1999
IS:516-1959
IS:8142-1974
IS:9103-1999
IS:1199-1959
IS:1121(Part I)-1974
IS:1124 -1974
IS:1125 -1974
CHAPTER X
LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR CEMENT AND CONCRETE TESTING
TEST
A. CEMENT
a. Chemical
i) Alkalies
EQUIPMENT
Flame Photometer
41
TEST
C. CONCRETE
a. Fresh Concrete
i. Vibration
ii. Temperature
measurement
iii. Mix proportions
b. Workability Tests:
i. Slump Test
ii. Compaction factor test
c. Hardened concrete
i) Compression, tension
bending & Brinnel
hardness tests.
d. Special Tests
i) Microscopy
ii) Non-Destructive
iii) Core Testing
EQUIPMENT
Max. C.A.
Size of
2.50
37.50
6
11
50.00
75.00
14
28
Capacity of
Measure dm3
114.00
71
152.00
99
Refer sample Divider
Pycnometer
Internal Vibrator, table vibrator
constituents, Slump cone Apparatus
Compaction Factor apparatus, Universal Testing
Machines with accessories (Cap. 100 tonnes),
Concrete workability meter, Capping moulds
Laboratory concrete mixer, Reluctance meter.
Optical microscope, grinding and polishing
equipment, ultrasonic pulse velocity, rebound
hammer core drilling machine, RCC cutting
machine, RCC cutting machine, thermal
conductivity apparatus ,permeability apparatus.
42
CHAPTER XI
FORMATS OF TEST RESULTS
43
D.B.D. SHEET
SUB
REACH
NUMBER
OF LAYER
WITH
LOCATION
4
THICKNESS
OF THE
LAYER
WITH R.L.
5
WET
6
DRY
WT. OF SOIL
IN GRAMS
44
VOLUME
OF SOIL
IN C.C.
REACH ______________________________________________
MAX. LAB DENSITY OF SOIL PROFILE ___________________
OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT ________________________
D.B.D. TO BE ATTAINED IN THE FIELD (GMS / C.C.) _________
(................. OF THE LAB DENSITY)
DATE
1.
2.
3.
4.
DRY
BULK
DENSITY
(D.B.D.)
9
MOISTURE
CONTENT
%
10
OBSERVER
11
JEN
SIGNATURE OF
12
Remarks &
dated
signature of
Inspecting
Engineer
FORM NO. 1
R.D.
Date
Sample No.
Location of Sample
R.D. off R.L. Set
Field
Classification
Earth Fill
Zone
Embankment Data
Laboratory Data
Compaction
W.D.
Dry
Density
M.C. %
% OMC
MDD
Gms
/C.C.
10
11
Signature of S.R.A.
12
A.En./A.R.O.
45
Location:
S.
No.
Date of Sampling
Lab
Sample No.
3
Location
Borrow Offset
4
R.L.
Proctor's
Compaction
Gravel
4.75
mm%
Sand
4.75 to
0.075
Silt 0.75
to 0.002
mm%
Clay
0.002 mm
%
OMC
M.D.D.
Gms/cc
10
11
12
13
At
OMC
MDD
15
Atterbergs Limits
Shear Test at
O.M.C. & M.D.D.
L.L.
P.L.
P.I.
Drained /
Undrained/
Saturated/Gms/C.C.
16
17
18
19
Signature of S.R.A.
Specific
Gravity
7
Permeability
mt/yr. U/D
14
Dispensability
Remarks
20
21
A.En./A.R.O.
46
Ref. _____________________
40 mm
20 mm
12.5 mm
80 mm
100
40 mm
95-100
100
20 mm
30-70
95-100
100
12.5 mm
90-100
10 mm
10-35
25-55
40-85
4.75 mm
0-5
0-10
0-10
2.36 mm
Signature of S.R.A.
A.En./A.R.O.
47
Test results of Fine aggregate sand samples conducted at central lab / field lab
LAB ......................................
Location Quarry / Stock
I.S. SIEVE
Description
Sample
Ref. _____________________
Percentage passing for
Grading
Zone-I
Grading
Zone-II
Grading
Zone-III
Grading
Zone-IV
10 mm
100
100
100
100
4.75 mm
90-100
90-100
90-100
95-100
2.36 mm
60-95
75-100
85-100
95-100
1.18 mm
30-70
55-90
75-100
90-100
600 micron
15-34
35-59
60-79
80-100
300 micron
5-20
8-30
12-40
15-50
150 micron
0-10
0-10
0-10
0-15
BULKAGE__________
REMARKS ________________
NOTE:
1.
For crushed stone sand, the permissible limit on 150-micron IS Sieve is increased to 20 percent. This does not
affect the 5 percent allowance permitted in 4.3 applying to other sieve sizes.
2.
Fine aggregate complying with the requirements of any grading zone in this table is suitable for concrete but
the quality of concrete produced will depend upon a number of factors including proportions.
3.
Where concrete of high strength and good durability is required, fine aggregate confirming to any one of the
four grading zones may be used, but the concrete mix should be properly designed. As the fine aggregate
grading becomes progressively finer, that is, from Grading Zones I to IV, the ratio of fine aggregate to coarse
aggregate should be progressively reduced. The most suitable fine to coarse ratio to be used for any particular
mix will, however, depend upon the actual grading, particle shape and surface texture of both fine and coarse
aggregates.
4.
It is recommended that fine aggregate confirming to Grading Zone IV should not be used in reinforced
concrete unless tests have been made to ascertain the suitability of proposed mix proportions.
5.
For sand to be used for masonry work and plastering work, please see next table.
Signature of S.R.A.
A.En./A.R.O.
48
4.75 mm
100
2.36 mm
90-100
1.18 mm
70-100
600 micron
40-100
300 micron
5-70
150 micron
0-15
4.75 mm
95-100
2.36 mm
95-100
1.18 mm
90-100
600 micron
80-100
300 micron
15-50
150 micron
0-50
49
S.
No.
Samples
No.
Lab
No.
Size
of
Cube
Physical
Testing
Setting time
5
Signature of S.R.A.
Specific
Surface
7
Compressive
strength test
2
Cube kg/cm
8
LF
Chart
Test
Remarks
10
11
A.En./A.R.O.
50
Ref._____________________
S. No.
Lab Samples
Wt. of
Individual
Piece kg
Size
LxBxH
Absorption
(%)
Density
gm/cc
Soundness
With
Na2So4
Abrasion
Acid
Reaction
with HCL
Conc.
Abrasion
Visual
Curing
General
Remarks
including
suitability
10
11
12
Signature of S.R.A.
A.En./A.R.O.
51
Ref. __________________
Storage
For use in concreting/mortar/curing/other ______________ purpose in
Structure at __________________________
S.
No.
Sample
Quantitative Test
SO4
CO3
Cl
NO
PO
pH
Signature of S.R.A.
Remarks
Silt &
Total
Suspended Soluble
Impurity
Salt
9
10
11
A.En./A.R.O.
52
Observation
Remarks
Colour
Burnt Character
Shape
Edges
Efflorescence
10 Water Absorption
11 Flexural strength for tile
Note: Properties of bricks with dimensions / tolerances and compressive strength etc.
shall be covered by the specifications as per Agreement / relevant I.S. Codes.
Signature of S.R.A.
A.En./A.R.O.
53
Date of
Casting
Location of Sample
Block R.D.
Offset
R.L.
Proportion
W/C
Ratio
Slump
Compressive
Strength of
Concrete / Mortar
Cube in kg/cm2
10
Signature of S.R.A.
11
Mark on
the Cube
6
Designed
28 days
strengths
of Cube
Mortar
kg/cm2
Remarks
12
13
A.En./A.R.O.
54
Date of
sampling
Location
Lab sample
No.
Permeability
of U/D sample
Mt./Yr
Rolled Fill;
Dry Density
gm/cc
Ch.
Off- L/R
Performed as
per frequency
( Dam every
alternate day
and canal
weekly)
9
Remarks
10
55
S.No.
Properties
Sample Grade
Fe 415
Fe 500
Fe 550
415
500
550
Elongation percent
Min. on gauge
length @ 5.65 A.
where A is the
cross sectional area
of the test piece.
14.5
12
Tensile
Min.
56
8% more than
the
actual
10.2% proof
stress but not
less than the
2
545 N/mm
6% more than
the actual 0.2
proof stress but
not less than the
2
585 N/mm
Location of
Sample
Block
Conc
rete
cube
No.
Ch.
off R.
Set
2
W/C
Propor
tion
3
28 days
Compressive
Strength
2
kg/cm
5
28 days
Compressive
Strength
2
kg/cm
9
7 days
Compressive
Strength
2
kg/cm
6
Test Results
Test Results
7 days
Compressive
Strength
2
kg/cm
10
57
28 days
Compressive
Strength
2
kg/cm
7
Remarks
28 days
Compressive
Strength
2
kg/cm
11
12
CHAPTER XII
IMPORTANT SPECIFICATIONS
EARTH WORK
(IS CODES: 2720, 4701, 8237, 9481, 1200 and 9451)
The procedures to be adopted while doing earth work excavation for various jobs and
the precautions to be taken are prescribed in the IS specified above. The important
Do's and Don'ts are given below for ready reference.
A.
EXCAVATION OF CANALS
DO'S
DO NOTS
1.
Fix-up the centre line and set the 1. Do not avoid approval of the
curves correctly.
deviation statement.
2.
Take working levels, real variation 2. Avoid over break and loosening of
in ground levels and classification
canal.
of soils.
3.
Get top
removed.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Provide
CNS
treatment
expansive black cotton soils.
soil
vegetation
in
58
B.
FORMATION OF EMBANKMENT
DO'S
DO NOTS
1.
2.
Scarify the
properly.
3.
4.
5.
Don't leave any loose layer unrolled at the end of the day in rainy
season.
6.
Supplement
deficit
whenever required.
moisture 6.
7.
8.
9.
Check
embankment
periodically.
ground
10 Provide C.O.T.s
height of bank.
and
wet 2.
profiles 9.
according
59
Alternatively,
mobile
self-loading
weight
batching-mixing
and
transporting mixers of suitable drum capacity can be used, both for mixing and
transporting concrete. The mix proportions shall be such as to ensure the
workability of the fresh concrete and when concrete is hardened, it shall have the
required strength, durability, and surface finish.
Proportions for Nominal Mix Concrete
Grade of
Concrete
Proportion of fine
aggregate to coarse
aggregate (by mass)
M5
800
M7.5
625
M10
480
Notes:
i) Graded aggregates shall be used.
ii) Water cement ratio should be as per mix design.
60
2.
M10
M15
M20
M25
The concrete mix shall be designed for the 'target mean strength'. The target mean
strength of concrete mix should be equal to characteristic strength plus 1.65 times the
standard deviation.
Where sufficient test results for a particular grade of concrete are not available, the
value of standard deviation given below shall be assumed for design mix of concrete
in the first instance. As soon as the results of samples are available, actual standard
deviation shall be used and the mix designed accordingly.
Assumed Standard deviation (as per IS: 456-2000)
Grade of concrete
M10
M15
M20
M25
61
S. No.
Aggregate
1.
2.
3.
4.
3. Durability of concrete:
It is essential that the concrete be durable viz., it should perform satisfactory in the
working environment during its anticipated exposure conditions during service. The
materials and mix proportions are to be such as to maintain its integrity, and (where
ever applicable), to protect embedded metal/reinforcement from corrosion.
The different environmental exposure conditions are given below:
Environmental exposure conditions (as per Table 3 of IS: 456- 2000)
S.
No.
Environment
Exposure condition
1.
Mild
2.
Moderate
3.
Severe
4.
Very Severe
62
Extreme
liquid/solid
The severity level in the water resources works may be assumed moderate to severe
only, except in such environment which is associated with corrosive fumes or where
the concrete work is to be in contact with or buried under aggressive sub-soil /ground
water.
4. Workability of concrete:
The concrete mix proportions chosen shall be such that the concrete is of adequate
workability for the placing conditions of the concrete and can be properly compacted.
Slump for good workability of concrete shall be as per mix design /as per IS: 4562000.
5. Mixing:
Concrete ingredients shall be mixed thoroughly in the mechanical mixer and the
mixing shall be continued until there is a uniform distribution of the ingredients and
the mass is uniform in colour and consistency. Minimum mixing time shall be 2
minutes or as determined by the Engineer-in-charge. The accuracy of the measuring
equipment shall be within 2 percent of the quantity of cement being measured and
within 3 percent of the quantity of aggregate and water being measured.
6. Transporting:
Concrete shall be transported from the mixer to the form work / site of placement as
quickly as possible by methods, which shall prevent the segregation and maintain the
requisite workability. Transportation of concrete in ordinary open tippers or trucks
shall not be allowed as it causes segregation. Transit concrete mixers can be used for
transportation. Self loading, batching, mixing & transporting mixers can also be used
both for mixing and transporting concrete.
63
7. Placing:
The concrete shall be placed and compacted with vibrators (Immersion / needle) and
plate vibrators in case of lining before initial setting of concrete commences and shall
not be subsequently disturbed. Methods of placing shall be such as to avoid
segregation. Strict and meticulous care shall be taken to avoid displacement of
reinforcement or movement of form work and concrete. Concrete shall be fully
worked around reinforcement and in the corners of form work. Over vibration
resulting into bleeding of concrete shall be strictly avoided. Spare vibrator shall be
kept by the contractors as stand by. Temperature of concrete, as placed, shall
preferably be restricted to about 32C (90F).
8. Curing:
Curing shall commence as soon as possible after concrete is placed and initial set has
occurred but before it has hardened. Curing with water shall be continued for at least
14 days. Exposed surfaces of concrete shall be kept continuously in a damp / wet
condition by pounding or by covering with a layer of sacking, canvas, hessian, or
similar materials and kept continuously wet for 14 days.
9. Sampling and strength of designed mix concrete:
Sampling of concrete:
A random sampling procedure shall be adopted to ensure that each concrete batch
shall have a reasonable chance of being tested, viz. the sampling should be spread
over the entire period of concreting and cover all mixing units (concrete production
units).
Frequency of sampling:
The minimum frequency of sampling of concrete of each grade shall be in accordance
with the following:
Quantity of concrete in the
work, m3
Number of samples
Upto 50
51 and above
64
Remarks
Individual test
results in N/mm2
M15
M20
or above
In the absence of established value of standard deviation the following value may be
assumed in the first instance and there after established values based on the requisite
number of test results.
65
Grade of concrete
3.5 N/mm2
4.0 N/mm2
Individual test
results in N/mm2
M10
Note: The minimum cement level of 250 kg/m3 for plain cement concrete lining is
from the durability consideration and not on the 28 day characteristic strength basis
alone.
Standard Deviation: It is calculated from the following equation:
Sd =
( X X )2
N 1
66
CONCRETE
(IS CODES 383, 269, 2116, 2386, 456, 516, 1199, 3878, 9103)
b)
Atmospheric temperature
c)
d)
Slump
The air-water jet will remove the thin surface film of laitance and grout to expose
clean surface.
GREEN CUTTING, IF DONE AT THE PROPER TIME, SHALL YIELD
VERY GOOD RESULTS
When started too early, it shall result in over-cutting and removing too much mortar.
It is also liable to loosen the aggregate particle and leaving too poor a surface to bind
the fresh concrete. On the other hand, if green-cutting is delayed too long, the cutting
67
action of the air and water jet would be ineffective for proper removal of laitance. It,
therefore requires much greater care and judgment for proper use at the proper time.
SKILL OF JET OPERATOR
Besides determining the proper time for initiating green-cutting, the process will
require constant attention on the part of the air-water jet operator. By correct
manipulation of the high velocity air-water jet, a trained operator can ensure the
removal of the thin surface film of laitance and group effectively and at the same time
leaving the aggregate stones, already embedded in the mortar, undisturbed.
PROPER AIR-WATER GUN
In addition to the skill of the jet operator, a proper air-water gun is also a vital
requirement for effective green-cutting. The issuing nozzle must be about 460 mm (18
inches) long to ensure the requisite cutting force close to the concrete surface. A
dimensioned sketch of an air-water gun is enclosed as Annexure-V-A.
QUANTUM OF COMPRESSED AIR AND WATER
For effective green-cutting, it is essential that the air pressure should be around 6.33
to 7.03 kg/cm2 (90 to 100 lbs. per square inch). It should not be allowed to fall below
90 lbs. per square inch. The water pressure, of course, should be sufficient to bring the
water into effective influence of the air pressure. As an approximate estimate, the
quantity of compressed air required by the green-cutting gun is 2 cubic meters per
minute (70 cfm) and the quantity of water 60 gallons (273 liters) per minute.
SAND BLASTING
Sand blasting is the process of roughening and cleaning the surface of old and set
concrete by means of coarse sand and air applied under pressure of 90 to 100 pounds
per square inch (6.33 to 7.03 kilogram per square centimeter) through a nozzle, so as
to erode the laitance and grout from the old and fresh concretes monolithic. Sand
blasting of rock is also done so that concrete may be placed on or against a clean
surface as required according to specifications.
There are two types of sand blasting, namely "wet sand blasting" and "dry sand
blasting". In wet sand blasting water is also used along with sand and air under
68
pressure, while in the latter, only sand and air under pressure are used. Normally the
concrete and rock surface etc., are wet sand blasted to keep down the dust.
The percentage of different sizes of sand particles for efficient sand blasting shall be
as follows:
Size
8 mesh per inch (25.40 mm)
16 mesh per inch (25.40 mm)
30 mesh per inch (25.40 mm)
50 mesh per inch (25.40 mm)
Percentage
26
30
23
21
For effective sand blasting it is essential that pressure of air should be between 90 to
100 pounds per square inch (6.33 to 7.03 kilograms per square centimeter). If pressure
falls below 90 pounds per square inch (6.33 kilograms per square centimeter), sand
blasting becomes in effective. If sand having large percentage of fines is used, it will
not provide the requisite cutting power and the whole effort goes waste. A good
quality well graded "sand-blast-sand" is needed for achieving the objective of sand
blasting.
69
DO NOTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Check-up correct
ingredients.
of 5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Do not
concrete.
batching
allow
segregation
10. Operate immersion type vibrators 10. Do not use unsatisfactory mix.
nearly in vertical position to
vertical drain.
11. Cure with water for 28 days.
12. Allow admixtures as per IS: 91031999
70
of
DO NOTS
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
DO NOTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
71
REGISTERS TO BE MAINTAINED
1.
Load Register
2.
3.
4.
5.
The sub-grade should be prepared, dressed and rolled true to level according to
the required cross-section of the canal to form a firm compacted bed for the
lining. Sample profiles true to the cross section of the canal should be made at
suitable intervals to ensure correct formation of the sub-grade. If at any point
material of sub-grade has been excavated beyond the neat lines required to
receive lining, the excess excavation should be filled with material compatible
with sub-grade material and thoroughly compacted.
72
2.
When partial filling of existing canal section is necessary to reduce the cross
sectional area to that required for lined canal, the fill shall be paced and suitably
compacted by rolling /compactors /mechanical tampers to form firm foundation
for placing the lining to avoid its settlement. Slope compactors shall also be used
as required for effective compaction of sub grade to the specified density.
3.
The consolidation of bed in sandy reaches shall be done by saturating the bed
with water before lining is placed. The consolidation of side slopes in such
reaches shall be done by over cutting the sub grade in slope by 15 cm and
refilling it with earth and compacting by vibro-compactors / appropriate
mechanical compactors.
4.
The compaction of sub grade in other than predominantly sandy reaches shall be
done at optimum moisture content in layers not more than 15 cm - 20 cm thick to
obtain a dry bulk density of 95% of the density at optimum moisture content
obtained in accordance with IS:2720 (Part VII)-1980. Consolidation shall be
done by power rollers/pneumatic or fuel-powered tampers/suitable compactors.
In the sandy reaches, compaction shall be governed by 'relative density test' and
the relative density shall not be less than 70% .Compaction by manual labour
shall not be permitted.
5.
6.
All along the canal alignment, the rain cuts on the inner slopes of the banks shall
be filled up with approved soil and shall be compacted thoroughly to required
lines, dimensions, and levels.
7.
73
8.
All loose materials likely to be present at the end panel of existing lining adjacent
to which lining is to be placed shall be removed and all voids beneath the existing
lining shall be refilled and compacted thoroughly.
The sub grade shall be prepared and dressed true to level and according to the
required cross-section of the canal.
2.
Final cutting for 300 mm - 450 mm in hard rock shall be carried out by wedging,
barring, controlled blasting or trimming with pavement breakers etc.
3.
The bed and side slopes of the canal excavation profile over which the bedding
material, under-drainage and pressure relief arrangements (wherever so required)
are to be placed and over laid with lining shall be furnished accurately to true and
even surfaces and to the dimensions shown on the drawings.
4.
All excavation including over breakage below the lines of underside of lining
shall be back -filled completely up to the lines of the underside of lining with
suitable bedding material as under or as directed by the Engineer-in-charge.
The bedding material shall be lean concrete (1:5:10) in bed and sides for
thickness of filling less than 15 cm; and RR masonry in cement mortar (1:5) if
thickness is more than 15 cm.
OR
74
75
TABLE-12.1
Thickness of CNS layer in channels of carrying capacity less than 2 cumecs
Discharge in cumeccs
( m3/sec)
Swell pressure
50-150 kN /m2
60 cm
75 cm
50 cm
60 cm
0.3-0.7 ( 10 to 25 cusecs )
40 cm
50 cm
0.03-0.3 ( 1 to 10 cusecs)
30 cm
40 cm
TABLE-12.2
Thickness of CNS layer in channels of carrying capacity of 2 cumecs and more
Swell pressure of soil kN /m2
50 to 150
75 cm
150 to 300
85 cm
300 to 500
100 cm
15 to 20%
30 to 40%
30 to 40%
0 to 10%
76
(ii) The CNS material shall be non-swelling, with a maximum swelling pressure of
10 kN/m2 when tested in accordance with IS: 2720 (Part 41) -1977 at optimum
moisture content and minimum cohesion.
Liquid limit
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
To avoid slipping and rain cuts during the rainy season, it shall be advisable to
provide CNS right up to the ground level.
(v)
The sub grade on which CNS layer is to be laid shall, generally, be not kept
exposed for more than 4 days prior to the placement of CNS layer.
(vi)
Effective compaction of sub grade for side lining on slopes is very important
in cutting or embankments. In addition to the designed thickness of CNS, 20
cm or more (perpendicular to side slope) of extra thickness (called proud) shall
be provided and compacted. This proud shall be removed only just prior to the
placement of lining (a time interval of, say, about one day), thus making a
77
To avoid slipping and rain cuts during the rainy seasons, the CNS shall be
provided right up to ground level in cutting reaches.
(viii)
DO NOTS
1.
2.
78
3.
Remove
roots
and
stumps 3.
completely from the sub-grade.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
C.C. LINING
(IS CODES, 383, 269, 2116, 456, 516)
CONCRETE CORES FROM CANAL LINING AND OTHER STRUCTURE
A specimen to be tested for strength shall not be removed from the structure until the
concrete has become hard enough to permit its removal without disturbing the bond
between the mortar and the course aggregate. In general the concrete shall be 28 days
old before the specimens are removed. Specimens that show abnormal defects or that
have been damaged in removal shall not be used.
Core Drill: A core drill shall be used for securing cylindrical core specimens. For
specimens taken perpendicular to a horizontal surface, a diamond drill shall be used.
Specimens: A core specimen for the determination of pavement thickness shall have a
diameter of at least 10 cm. A core specimen for the determination of compressive
strength shall have a diameter of at least three times the maximum nominal size of the
course aggregate used in concrete and in no case shall the final diameter of the
specimen be less than twice the maximum size of the course aggregate. The length of
the specimen, when capped, shall be, as nearly as practicable, twice its diameter. The
curve enclosed at Annexure-VIII should be used to correct the indicated strengths so
79
that they will be comparable with those obtained from standard specimens (having
L/D ratio as 2).
Core Drilling: A core specimen shall be taken perpendicular to a horizontal surface,
so that its axis is perpendicular to the bed of the concrete as originally placed.
Frequency of drill cores could be one core each from bed and side lining per 2000
square meter of in-situ lining. The cores should be inspected for:
a)
Segregation
b)
Honey-combing and
c) Thickness of lining.
Density
b)
Compressive strength
c) Water absorption
Compressive Strength:
End Preparation: Core specimen to be tested in compression shall have ends that are
essentially smooth, perpendicular to the axis and of the same diameter, as the body of
the specimen.
Moisture Conditioning: Test specimens shall be completely submerged in water at
room temperature for 40 to 48 hours immediately prior to the compression test.
Specimens shall be tested promptly after removal from water storage. The testing
shall be done in accordance with the guide lines laid down in IS: 516-1959, complete
data and test results of cores should be meticulously recorded as per the format
enclosed at Annexure IX.
Concrete in the member represented by a core test shall be considered accepted if the
average equivalent cube strength of the cores is equal to at least 85% of the cube
strength of the grade of concrete specified for the corresponding age and no individual
core has strength less than 75 percent.
DO'S
DO NOTS
1.
2.
80
plant.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
9.
10. Record the No. of CC cubes cast 10. Do not remove the channels
and its compressive strength.
immediately before setting of C.C.
11. Cure CC lining with water for 28 11. Do not use untested cement.
days.
12. Ensure smooth surface with paver 12. Do not allow to sink the porous
roller passes.
plugs in the drains.
13. Form
the
contraction
and 13. Do not allow lining without making
construction joints as per approved
proper arrangements for curing with
drawing.
water.
14. Check the thickness of C.C. lining 14. The co-efficient of variation in the
for each panel.
compressive strength of cement
should not be more than 8%.
15. Checking placing of mastic pad at
structures of construction joints.
16. Allow
concrete
lining
at
temperature between 150C and
320C.
17. Check periodically the coefficient
of variation in the compressive
81
strength of cement.
18. The batching plant to be used shall
confirm to the requirement of IS:
4925-1968.
MASONRY
(IS CODES 1597, 1812, 1200 383, 269, 2116)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
DO'S
The stone shall be of uniform
colour, texture, strong, hard
durable.
Dress C.R.S. stone to a depth of 75
mm on all four sides.
Wet the stones before placing in
position clean and cover with fresh
mortar.
Place stones in layers to the line
and plumb.
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
82
DO NOTS
Do not use soft stones of crushing
strength less than the specified
strength.
Do not allow projections more than
40 mm on the face.
Do not allow stones of length more
than 3 times the height.
Do not allow stone of breadth less
than height of of thickness of
wall.
Do not allow breaking of vertical
joints less than 75 mm.
Header shall not project not less
than 10 cm beyond stretcher.
Do not place stones in position
without cleaning and wetting.
Do not allow skin stones, weathered
stones.
Do not place stone in position
without wetting.
Smaller stones shall not be placed
in lower cores.
Joints thickness should not be more
than 12 mm.
Do not allow mixing less than 3
minutes for thorough mix.
Do not add more water than
required to have a consistency of 90
to 130 mm.
Avoid spreading of mortar over the
surface of the masonry. Mortar
should be spread over the stone just
before laying the next layer.
No pointing to be commenced
days.
16. Cure the plastered surface with
water for 14 days.
17. Cure the pointing surface with
water for 7 days.
1.0
SCOPE
The pressure grouting of rock, masonry, concrete dams with cement and with
or without suitable admixtures and fillers applicable to general grouting,
consolidation grouting, and curtain grouting shall broadly confirm to Indian
Standard, IS: 6066-1994.
2.0
GENERAL
A.
The design requirements for adopting a grouting programme are as under. The
parameters will depend on the type of structure.
(a)
Curtain Grouting:
i. To safeguard the foundation against erodibility hazard, and / or
ii. To reduce quantity of seepage.
(b)
Consolidating grouting.
i. To reduce the deformability of jointed or shattered rock.
ii. Grouting the masonry dams to minimize seepage.
B.
C.
(b)
The depth, spacing and orientation of grout holes are to be related to the
geological features; for example, inclined holes should be preferred when the
rock permeability is primarily due to closely spaced vertical/ sub-vertical
system of joints. It is sometimes necessary to evolve a pattern of holes
consisting of different sets of holes appropriate to each type of discontinuity,
such as bedding planes, system of joints and lava contacts.
83
3.0
GROUTING METHODS:
Rock grouting consists essentially of drilling a series of grout holes in rock
and injecting grout under pressure, which eventually sets in the opening and
voids in the rock. The drilling and grouting operations can be carried out either
to the full depth in one operation or in successive depths either by stage
grouting or by packer grouting.
3.1
3.2
STAGE GROUTING
Stage grouting shall be conducted to permit treatment of various zones
individually, by grouting successively increasing depths, after sealing the
upper zones. Stage grouting, in descending stages, shall be carried out by
adopting the procedure given below.
Grouting shall be done by drilling the holes to a predetermined depth and
grouting this initial depth at an appropriate pressure. Grout shall be then
washed from the hole prior to its final set (within 2-4 hours) and the hole
deepened for the next stage. Alternatively the grout shall be allowed to harden
and re-drilling shall be carried out through the hardened grout and the holes
extended to the next stage. In another procedure called the one stage re-drilled
method, which may be sometimes used, grout is washed out within a small
depth of the top of the stage being routed and only one stage shall be re-drilled
for proceeding to the next stage. In each of the above procedures the cycle of
drilling grouting-washing or re-drilling shall be repeated until the required
depth of the hole is reached.
For stage grouting, the connection at the top of the hole can be made directly
to the header or by sealing a packer at the top of the hole in the casing pipe.
Alternatively, it is sometimes advantageous to install a packer immediately
above the stage that is being routed in order to isolate the upper portion of the
hole. Higher pressures can then be permitted for grouting of the lower stage
without causing upheaval in the higher stages.
84
Grouting with double packer shall be adopted where a few well defined seams
or zones exist and the packers can be seated above and below such zones.
Rotary drilling method is preferred when double packers are used.
When packers can be seated and there is no risk of upheaval, grouting shall be
carried out with single packer in ascending stages.
However, in many cases packers may function yet grout may over travel and
cause upheaval in the zones above the section being grouted. At such places
stage grouting in descending order shall be adopted in case of badly jointed and
fissured strata vulnerable to upheaval.
In relatively compact rocks it may be more convenient to seal the packer at the
top of the stage being grouted. The hole shall then be washed, as soon as the
period of initial set of cement is over, to the entire depth of the hole up to the
bottom of the stage in progress.
In strata vulnerable to upheaval, it may be necessary to allow the grout to set
and form a sheath around the hole in order to enable high pressures to be used
in the lower portions of the hole. In such cases, the washing and single stage
re-drilling procedure shall be adopted.
4.0
5.0
85
86
7.0
SEQUENCE OF GROUTING
While carrying out grouting operations it is necessary to ensure that no hole is
drilled so close to a hole being grouted that inter connections develop. Spacing
between primary holes is generally so selected that the drilling could be
carried out without interference from grouting due to inter-connections from
adjoining holes. Sometimes a situation arises when drilling of upper stages of
secondary holes may be in progress concurrently with the grouting of the
deeper stages of primary holes. In such cases, inter-connections would not be
prevented if a sufficient cover of rock is not available between the portion
which is being grouted and the zone in which the drilling of secondary holes in
any zone of the foundation shall not be taken up until sufficient cushion of
already grouted stages of primary holes in the same area is not available.
In multiple line curtains relative sequence of outer and inner rows shall also be
strictly followed.
When grouting in rock overlain by pervious soil it is necessary to complete
grouting of the contact zones of the rock and soil before commencing the
grouting of the rock otherwise the grout would escape into the soil and it may
be possible to control or detect excessive leakage.
8.0
GROUT MIXTURE
Masonry/Concrete grouting is usually performed with a mixture of cement and
water with or without additives.
The cement generally used shall be any of the following:i.
ii.
Ordinary Portland
Portland Pozzolana
IS: 269-1989 or
IS: 12269-1987
IS: 1489
(Part-I)-1991
(Part-II)-1991
iii.
Portland Slag
iv.
iv.
IS: 6909-1990
-
87
9.0
(b)
Rotary drilling equipment with suitable drive, that is, hydraulic, electric,
diesel or compressed air.
GROUT EQUIPMENT
The equipment for mixing and grouting shall be capable of effectively mixing
in correct and specified proportions, agitation the grout and pumping to into
the holes, in an uninterrupted flow at the designated pressure it into the holes,
in an uninterrupted flow at the designated pressure upto at least of 5 kg/cm2
(75 psi) - 7 kg/cm2 (100 psi). There should be satisfactory arrangements for
accurately measuring the quantity of water, cement and other ingredients to be
used. The agitator shall have paddles of suitable design and shape to keep the
mix in proper consistency till it is pumped into the holes. Standard equipments
of approved quality shall be used.
The mixing and conveying system shall be laid to provide sufficient capacity
for a heavy flow of grout. The mixer shall be in two compartments or parts so
that grout could be mixed one when that from the other is being pumped. In
88
11.0
CIRCULATION SYSTEM
The circulation system required two pipe lines, a supply line from the grout
pump to the grout hole and a return line from the grout hole to the
agitator/pump. By opening the supply and grout hole valves, grout is forced
into the hole as required. Pressure is maintained by adjusting either the supply
valve or the return valve, or both, so that complete control of pressure is
maintained at the hold. There should be a pressure gauge at the delivery end of
the pump. No grout is wasted when washing out the grout lines and close
control of the grouting operations is maintained. When directed electric or
diesel drive pumps shall be employed, use of a return line is necessary. Long
supply lines shall be avoided to reduce the chances of change in consistency of
the grout and clogging. Field telephones are useful for communication
between the pump operator and the grout man at the collar.
The circulating system shall be so provided that the grout shall be kept
circulating continuously at sufficient velocity to prevent settlement of cement
or clogging of pipe line and fittings. The pump and the pipe line shall be
flushed with clear water at frequent intervals, to keep them clear. Deposits of
grout in the pump, mixer etc. not removed by flushing shall be removed,
scraping, clipping etc. A fine screen capable of being readily removed, cleaned
and replaced would be desirable between the mixer and the pump. Proper
arrangement shall also be provided with equipment to stock adequate quantity
of cement, stone dust etc. likely to be required for the grouting.
After the grouting operations are completed for shift on the day, the remaining
unused grout mix shall be thrown away. Also a mix not used up completely
within one hour after mixing or that which in the opinion of the Engineer has
set or clogged shall be thrown away. At no extra cost to the development. No
payment shall be made on account of such wasted labour, material etc.
12.0
89
the drawings. The holes specified for coring and exploratory drilling / test
holes shall be of 75 mm diameter or as directed by the Engineer-in-charge.
Drilling in masonry, concrete or combination of these for local drainage or
shallow grouting shall also be done by percussion tube drilling method and
paid for under the same item as for the above. Grout holes both in the masonry
or concrete shall be of varying depth. The drilling in masonry or concrete
above will be paid for at the same rate as for as drilling in rock.
All holes will be drilled with the equipment of the type specified most suitable
for the particular job as approved by the Engineer-in-charge.
The depth and requirements of the drilled holes indicated are approximate and
may be altered as per actual needs, as found necessary.
The grout holes shall be drilled normal to the surface of masonry, or if so
directed inclined to the normal upto any inclination, in the direction as may be
indicated without any extra cost.
At locations, where the leakages are excessive, masonry might require
additional drilling and grouting of any area which may have earlier been
drilled, grouted and even covered by concrete or masonry. The contractor shall
comply with directions in this behalf. The unit rate for all such holes also be
the same as quoted in the bill of quantities and shall be paid separately.
Re-drilling required, if any, in case of incomplete holes because of the
contractors failure to clean the hole before the grout has set or for any other
reason shall be performed at the contractors expense. Where the grout has
been allowed to set as per specific directions or approval of the Engineer-incharge the required re-drilling shall be paid for at 25% of the tendered rate of
drilling grout holes.
After the drilling of the grout hole has been completed it shall be temporarily
capped or plugged until it is grouted. Any hole that gets checked before it is
grouted shall be opened to the satisfaction of the Engineer-in-charge by and at
the expense of the contractor.
13.0
CLEANING OF HOLES
Before grouting and when a suitable small group of holes has been drilled, all
but three holes (consecutive or as otherwise considered suitable for the
purpose of cleaning) shall be closed temporarily at the surface. Water and air
shall be pumped under pressure as determined by the Engineer-in-charge into
two holes and allowed to escape from the third until all possible loose
materials and mud etc., has been washed out of communicating seams or other
passage ways, if any. Combinations of three holes at a time shall thus be
cleaned before applying any grout into the holes. Suitable valves shall be used
to permit alternate or continuous injection of air and water and for quickly
switching the flow from one hole to other so as to produce turbulent action
90
PRESSURE GROUNDING
The proportion of cement and water will be as determined by the Engineer-incharge.
Cement and water shall be of the same quality as specified under section ICsub-section A & D. Payment shall be made for the quantities of material
actually used as assessed by the Engineer which shall be final and binding.
The grout shall be applied at a low pressure (as may be specified by the
Engineer) initially and gradually but within the time as may be specified by
the Engineer, increased upto the maximum pressure. It shall be maintained for
minimum period of about 10 minutes thereafter. Care shall, however, be taken
to release the pressure immediately should there be signs of any movement of
any part or heaving of rock / concrete / masonry, which amongst other
observations, be indicated by sudden and erratic fall in pressure.
When grouting has just been commenced in any hole, if it is found that the
grout has been freely flowing too far to fast from the hole at low pressure, fine
stone dust, or other suitable material as may be approved by the engineer shall
be immediately be added in order to block the leakage at sufficient distance
from the hole and thus localize the area to be grouted for any particular hole or
set of holes. As a hole approaches refusal the grout shall be progressively
thinned and grouting operation continued to refusal at the specified maximum
pressure maintained for period of minimum 10 minutes as stated in above
paragraph.
The consolidation grouting of the foundations shall be done at pressure upto 5
kg/cm2 or as directed by Engineer-in-charge.
Utmost care and precautions shall be taken to ensure that the dam masonry or
concrete is not damaged during the grouting. Any damage caused to the
concrete or masonry or any other element, material or structure in the dam or
91
adjacent to it shall be made good by the contractor at his own expenses and to
the satisfaction of the Engineer-in-charge.
15.0
Time in Minutes
Pressure
20
15
The grouting shall, however be stopped when the pressure gauge registers
sudden rise or when other indications are seen of extension or upheaval or
rock / masonry / concrete, under the pressure being applied. After the hole has
been grouted it should be closed by means of a valve to maintain the grout
under pressure in the seams or crevices into which it has been forced.
After any hole is grouted, it should be examined if cement has settled, unduly
with water coming up, the amount of settlement depending on the proportion
of mix used. Holes, where such settlement has taken place, are to be cleaned
of all soft sediment and grouted again under pressure.
Shallow grouting (i.e. grouting not exceeding 15 m in depth) operations shall
always be started on the side of pattern so that the trapped air may be more
easily forced out.
Grouting shall be continued until at the specified pressure the hole refuses to
take grout more than specified above. If for any reasons grouting operations
must be stopped before a hole has been grouted to refusal, clear water shall be
kept running into the hole until grouting is resumed.
92
16.0
17.0
RECORDS
The information to be recorded daily is as follows:i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
93
18.0
REPORTS
In order to facilitate control and planning of grouting operations, reports
should be prepared at regular intervals to summarize important observations
and data. It serves no useful purpose to maintain elaborate records unless they
can be complied in such a form that significant trends can be determined
regarding the efficacy or otherwise of the grouting operations. In the absence
of such reports timely action, would not be possible and procedures which
may be ineffective or unsuitable may be continued indefinitely. These reports
may consist of:
a) a hole-wise register of drilling, water tests, routing and inter connections.
b) for consolidation grouting -a plan showing grout hole stages and grout
intake.
c) for curtain grouting - a 'L' section showing driving stages and grout intake.
19.0
20.0
FINISHING
The grout mix that might flow out or otherwise get spilt on the concrete or
masonry or other surface shall be removed expeditiously without allowing any
time for the grout to set on any of the aforesaid surface. After the grout has set,
the grout holes shall be plugged with cement mortar in the proportion of one to
two by volume and the surface finished smooth in line with floor at that
location.
21.0
22.0
94
Drilling shall be measured for actual depth of drilling and paid to for at the
unit price tendered for the relevant item in the bill of quantities. These unit
prices shall include drilling of holes and maintaining the hole free from
choking until grouted, washing and preparing the holes for grouting, and all
works incidental thereto.
Measurement and payment for pressure grouting shall be made on the basis of
cement actually forced into the grout holes. All wastage due to any cause shall
not be paid for.
Payment for grouting shall be made at the unit price per metric tonne of
cement tendered in the bill of quantities and shall include all material, plant
and labour required for the grouting operation.
95
CHAPTER XIII
FREQUENCY OF TESTING
S.
No.
Test
Frequency of Test
Purpose
1.
To know the
classifications of
soil actually put in
the embankment
2.
Specific Gravity
3.
To determine the
placement density
and moisture
content.
-do-
Test Designation
As per IS: 2720-IV1985, IS: 2720-V1985.
IS:2720-III-1980
IS:2720-XXVIII1974
IS:2720-XXIX-1975
IS:2720-XXXIII1971
4.
In-situ permeability
Test
To determine
permeability
characteristics of the
fill material
IS:2720-XVII-1986
5.
IS:2720-XII-1981
6.
Consolidation Test
1 set of 3 samples in
every 6m height of
embankment or for
30,000 m3
To know the
settlement rate and
its magnitude.
IS:2720-XV-1986
7.
Standard
Test
To determine MDD
and OMC of the soil
and compare the
results with
Laboratory value
IS:2720-VII-1980
8.
Moisture content
One test
sample
To know the
moisture content of
the sample
IS:2720-II-1980
9.
Shrinkage Factor
To determine
shrinkage limited
IS:2720-VI-1972
Proctor
in
each
FILTERS
10.
To find % of the
D10, D15, D30,
D50, D60 and D85
grain
sizes
of
materials
11.
IS:2386-Part II-1963
96
S.
No.
1.
S.
No.
2.
Test
CEMENT
a) Chemical
i) Alkalies
ii) Minor, major oxides by
Calorimetry
iii) Chloride
Frequency
IS
Allowable Limits
For each
consignment
a) IS:269-1989
b) IS:1489-1991
c) IS:4032- 1985
PPC/OPC<0.05%
b) Physical
i) Fineness
ii) Soundness (Le Chatelier
iii) Consistency
iv) Setting time (Initial &
Final)
v) Compressive Strength
vi) Heat of Hydration
vii) Drying shrinkage
For each
consignment
Test
Frequency
Purpose
IS
To know
grain
size and
the
fineness
modulus
of sand
IS: 2386
Part I1963
2.2 to 3.2
- As above(also once in a
shift or for
every
consignment)
To
utilize
data for
mix
design
computat
ion
IS:2386
Part III1963
Allowable limit of
Bulkage of sand is
20%
- As above -
To
assess
the
quality
of sand
IS:2386
Part II1963
As explained in Sec.
4.2.2
iv) Soundness
To
assess
the
quality
of sand
IS :2386
Part V1963
v) Silt Content
To
assess
IS :2386
-1963
FINE AGGREGATE
i) Screen Analysis
(Fineness Modulus)
a) IS:269-1989
b) IS:1489-1991
IS:4031-1988
97
Penetration upto 5 to 7 mm
from base.
IT Not <30 min
FT Not >600 min
3 days - 160 Kg/cm2
7 days - 220 Kg/cm2
28 days - 330 Kg/cm2
PPC 7 days 65 Cal./gm
OPC 28 days 75 Cal./gm
< 0.15%
Allowable Limits
of sand used
in concrete
the silt
content
present
in the
sand
To
utilise
the data
for mix
design
computat
ions
IS :2386
Part III1963
i) Sieve Analysis
To know
gradatio
n
and
percenta
ge
of
various
size
IS :2386
Part I1963
-do-
To
utilize
data for
mix
design
computat
ion.
IS :2386
Part III1963
Not >2.6
Not more than 5% by
weight Not >3%
-do-
To
assess
the
quality
of course
aggregat
e
IS :2386
Part V1963
-do-
-do-
IS :2386
Part IV
1963
Wearing
Surfaces:
Loss Not > 30% Non
Wearing Surface Not
>45%
v) Organic Impurities
(Mica content)
-do-
-do-
IS :2386
Part II1963
Less than 1%
Twice in one
working
season
To know
the
'innocuo
us'
or
'deleterio
us'
nature of
aggregat
e
IS :2386
Part VII1963
3.
COARSE AGGREGATE
98
vii) Petrographic
Examination
S.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Test
Twice in one
working
season
Frequency
To know
the
deleterio
us
constitue
nts and
silt
in
aggregat
e
IS: 2386
Part
VIII1963
IS
Deleterious
constituent plus silt
shall not exceeds 5%
Allowable Limits
GRAVEL
i) Size of Gravel
ii) Liquid limit
iii) Plasticity Index
For each
stack
IRC: 19-1977
WATER
pH value, Organic ,Inorganic
Two
samples for
each source
IS:3025 Part II
6 to 8
Not greater than 200 mg/l
Not greater than 3000 mg/l
IS:3025 Part 18
Sulphates ,Chlorides
IS:3025 -Part 24
IS:3025 -Part 32
Suspended Solids
IS:3025-Part -17
For each
quarry
IS:1124-1974
IS:1121-1974
For each
consignment
IS:1122-1974
IS:1124-1974
IS:1126-1974
IS:1786-1985
IS:432-1982
Not to exceed 6%
Granite 1000 Kg/cm2
Basalt 400 Kg/cm2
2.60
Not to exceed 5%
RR STONE
i) Abrasion value
ii) Crushing Strength
iii) Specific Gravity
iv) Water Absorption
v) Durability
REINFORCEMENT
Weight
Diameter
Ultimate Test
Strength
Yield Stress
Elongation
99
Dia 8mm 4%
Dia 8mm 2.5%
Dia 25mm 0.5%
Refer the table below for
allowable limits.
Characteristic
strength (yield stress
of 0.2% proof stress)
N/mm2
Ultimate tensile
stress, N/mm2
Minimum elongation
on gauge length of
5.65x Sq.rt. Crosssectional area (%)
255
236
231
211
353
348
323
415
412
20-23
373
20-23
538
17-20
14.5
440-560
490-610
540-660
20
20
19
500
Hot Rolled
412
SAIL-MA of grades
300 HY
350 HY
410 HY
300
350
410
12
14.5
IS
IS:456-2000
2.
IS:22501981
Appendix-A
3.
Permeability test
on cement mortar
Once in a week
IS:30851965
4.
Permeability test
on masonry
(applicable for
masonry dams)
IS:112161985
5.
Slump test
IS :11991959
S.
No.
1
Test
100
Allowable Limited
101
CHAPTER XIV
MONITORING THROUGH CONTROL CHARTS
Monitoring of quality control and assessment of the trend of quality control being
exercised by the Project Management is best done through control charts. Indian
Standards IS: 397 (Parts I to III) cover control charts for general and special
application. These charts are based on compressive strengths of cement and concrete
tests specimens. Control charts for cement strengths are for different test ages (i.e.,
3, 7 and 28 days) and both for strengths of individual test and moving average of
five tests over periods of time control charts for concrete strengths are also
constructed in more or less the same manner as per cement. In addition to the test
data, the control charts also incorporate certain reference line constituting a frame
within which the degree of control actually achieved is assessed and remedial
measures initiated where called for. The reference lines are termed the "Warning"
and "Action Limits". The warning and action lines provide feed-back for timely
remedial measures.
The illustration of preparation of control charts for cement & concrete are appended
in Annexure-X.
Preparation of quality control reports and control charts is considered to be a vital
step towards the process of achieving good construction quality. The Central Charts
should be used as a dynamic tool and accordingly these should be prepared as a
concurrent exercise as the work proceeds. These should be constantly scanned to
identify indication of any significant deviation in quality and initiate the remedial
action promptly.
STANDARD DEVIATION (IS: 10262-1962)
The estimated standard deviation of given grade of concrete can be
calculated from the result of individual tests of concrete, using the formula:
S=
2
n 1
102
Where =
the deviation of the individual test strength from the average strength
of 'n' samples, and
n=
If at least 30 test results for a particular grade of concrete at site with the same
materials and equipment are not available, the standard deviation, S, for the
corresponding degree of control, may be assumed from the following tabulation,
given (IS: 10262-1982).
Degree of Control
Grade of Concrete
Good
Fair
M 10
2.0
2.3
3.3
M 15
2.5
3.5
4.5
M 20
3.6
4.6
5.6
M 25
4.3
5.3
6.3
M 30
5.0
6.0
7.0
M 35
5.3
6.3
7.3
M 40
5.6
6.6
7.6
Condition of Production
Very Good
Fresh cement from single source and regular tests weightbatching of all materials; aggregate supplied in single sizes,
control of aggregate, grading and moisture content, control of
water added; frequent supervision: regular workability and
strength tests, and good field laboratory facilities.
Good
Fair
103
Individual test
results in N/mm2
M 15
M 20 or
above
NOTE: In the absence of established value of standard deviation; the values given in
Table may be assumed, and attempt should be made to obtain results of 30 samples
as early as possible to establish the value of standard deviation.
104
105
22.6+21.7+20.7+20.6+19.7+13.2+11.8
7
=18.61
106
CHAPTER XV
COMPILATION OF QUALITY CONTROL DATA
Quality control data shall be compiled on a continuing basis and reports prepared in
a booklet form at regular intervals. These reports should include the following:
1.
2.
Index Plan
3.
4.
5.
Nature of input materials like soil, cement, aggregates, steels and their source
of supply.
6.
Test reports on input materials and acceptance criteria as laid in I.S. codes.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Control charts for cement concrete i.e. Master charts, moving average
strength and range charts etc.
11.
12.
107
CHAPTER XVI
PROCEDURE FOR EXECUTING EARTH WORK
(A)
General:
(i)
Sufficient number of reference Bench marks for facilitating setting out works
and taking levels shall be established.
(ii)
(iii)
The entire area required for setting out, shall be cleared of all tree stumps,
roots, bush wood, rubbish of all kinds, loose and all objectionable materials.
(B)
Stripping:
(i)
The work area shall be stripped of the surface soil, including vegetation,
overlying grass, organic matter, bushes, roots and other perishable or
unsuitable material before commencing of the excavation. It shall be done as
per the requirement or to a depth of 0.30 m or as specified or as directed by
the Engineer-in-charge.
(ii)
(iii)
After the work of stripping in the canal width is completed, detailed crosssections shall be taken as specified or as directed by Engineer-in-charge to
form the base for computing the quantities of excavation or embankments.
(C)
Borrow Area:
(i)
(ii)
Borrow pits, along the canal shall be operated in special case only after due
approval of the competent authority keeping in view the hydraulic gradient
108
line. This should not impair the usefulness of soil; the appearance of any part
of work or any other property.
(iii)
The stripping of borrow areas shall be done as per "B (i)" above.
(iv)
Necessary grid lines with base line at suitable intervals shall be marked prior
to and after stripping to take the levels of the cross-sections to compute the
quantity of stripping and the materials borrowed from the borrow area.
(v)
Necessary sample from the different depth shall be collected and got tested
for their suitability in different zones of embankment / backfill prior to
commencing the borrow area.
(vi)
(vii)
Moisture control register shall be maintained looking to the day to day initial
moisture content of borrow area's material and the optimum moisture content
of the respective material obtained from proctor tests.
(viii)
The depth of cut in all borrow areas and borrow pits shall be designated by
the Engineer-in-charge. Each borrow area shall be fully exploited to avoid
haphazard exploitation. The borrow area excavation shall be carried out in
such a way so as to produce the required uniformity mixture of materials for
the embankment with the available excavation machinery.
(D)
Embankment:
(i)
This may be in the reaches of canals in partial cutting and partial banking or
in full banking with or without bed banking.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
The layers for the embankment portion shall be placed continuously and
approximately in horizontal layers of thickness varying from 15 to 23 cm in
109
depth, in the respective zone, to the full width of the embankments, including
slopes at the respective level.
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
Each layer shall be tested for FDD and FMC as per the frequency stipulated
in the tender specifications.
(ix)
No fresh layer shall be laid until the previous layer is properly watered &
compacted as per requirement.
(x)
For proper bond of the embankment done in the previous season with new
embankment, care shall be taken as under:
(a)
(b)
(c)
The rain cuts, if any, shall be made good with due care by filling with
proper / selected soil duly watered and compacted with suitable
compactors or tempers.
(E)
Important Features
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
110
(iv)
Proper roller should be selected for compaction, looking to the type of soil
e.g. pad foot / sheep foot roller for cohesive soil, vibrator / random roller for
cohesion less soil.
(v)
(b)
(vi)
Regular tests for field density and Moisture control shall be taken as per
provisions.
(vii)
No fresh layer shall be laid until the previous layer is properly watered and
compacted as per requirement and tests are taken and recorded.
(viii)
In case of cohesion less soil, where compaction test for MDD/OMC is not
feasible, it shall be compacted to at least 65% of RD or as directed by the
Engineer -in -charge.
(ix)
When the filters are to be provided filter material to be used shall be checked
for gradation curves and filter criteria's provided in tender. Compaction shall
be done as specified.
(F)
Records to be maintained
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
Record for filter material used shall be maintained such as Filter Criteria,
Gradation Curve, Compaction / Watering etc.
111
CHAPTER XVII
PROCEDURE FOR EXECUTING CONCRETE LINING
(I)
General:
(i)
(ii)
Center line, bed-width, inner & outer slopes etc. With the due provision for
proud cutting shall be marked before start of trimming or bed excavation.
(iii)
The excavation for trimming for preparing base for lining, i.e. sub grade shall
be carried out / - (trimmed prior to lining) and to the profile. Trimming
should not be exposed much before the actual starting of the lining of the
work so as to preserve the O.M.C. in soil which comes in contact with
cement mortar layer of the lining. Over cutting shall be avoided. However,
over excavated portion shall be filled up with suitable material, moistured
and compacted to the required density by tamping, rolling or slope
compactor so as to form properly compacted sub-grade to receive the
concrete for lining.
(iv)
Check the profile of sub-grade so prepared and also check and record the
density and the moisture content of sub grade. All loose materials on sub
grade shall be removed and compacted suitably if required, by slope
compacters.
(v)
In case where rocky strata is met with over excavation shall have to be
carried out as specified and shall be filled up with the selected material and
compacted as per requirement.
(vi)
(II)
Mechanized Lining:
(i)
112
(ii)
Paver machine (Cylinder forming type) used for lining consists of conveyer
belt, paver and foot bridge. A statement showing capacity of paver and
mechanical trimmer is appended in Annexure- XII.
(iii)
(iv)
Behind the roller, an attachment for inserting PVC strip Joint /chatter for
cutting groves are provided. Similar attachment for providing transverse
joints at 4 m c/c is also attached. In case of PVC strips the position of
transverse joints at maximum @ 4 m c/c shall be marked and the fin of
longitudinal joints shall be cut to accommodate the transverse joint at the
crossings.
(v)
(III)
Materials :
(i)
Cement either OPC or PPC to be used shall be got tested in advance. Cement
older than 90 days shall not be used without retesting and prior approval of
Engineer-in-charge. Daily consumption record for cement shall be
maintained in cement Account books.
(ii)
Fine Aggregate: Sand shall confirm to the requirement of IS: 383-1970 and
other relevant specifications. Sand shall be tested for gradation, specific
gravity, water absorption, fineness modulus, spectrographic analysis etc. It
should be brought from approved quarry / Source with requisite F.M. of 2.4
to 3.0 or as specified.
113
(iii)
Coarse Aggregate:
(a)
Coarse aggregate for concrete shall be clean, hard, dense, free from
vegetation it-shall be confirming to IS: 383 -1970 or the specification
concerned with the work. Predominately flaky and elongated
aggregate shall not be used. Gravel / metal shall be brought from the
approved source / quarry only and shall be tested for their gradation,
specific gravity, water absorption, impact and abrasion values,
soundness, spectrographic analysis, flakiness and elongation.
(b)
(iv)
Water: Potable water free from any other deleterious material shall be used.
Water shall be got tested as per relevant standards.
(v)
(IV)
(i)
(ii)
Concrete should be properly mixed in mixing plant or tilting type mixer. The
weighting and measuring equipment, i.e., Batching plant or weight batcher
shall operate within the limits of accuracy specified. They shall be calibrated
regularly to ensure accurate performance.
(iii)
The Proportion of different types of aggregate, sand, cement and water, and
w/c ratio shall be in accordance with design mix and necessary correction for
variation for over size and undersize and water absorption shall be made.
Time of mixing shall be in accordance with specification to obtain dense,
plastic, with uniform distribution of material and the concrete of uniform
colour and consistency.
(iv)
114
(V)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Concrete shall be placed directly to the final position and shall not be
allowed to flow.
(v)
(vi)
Cutting grooves or inserting PVC strip, for longitudinal and transverse joints
shall be attended as per the requirement.
(vii)
The surface of the concrete finished and vibrated shall be even, smooth and
free from pockets, projections, honey combing and other objectionable
defects.
(VI)
Curing of Concrete :
(i)
The concrete lining on slopes including curvature portion shall be cured with
liquid membrane forming curing compound. The concrete lining in bed shall
be cured with water.
(ii)
(iii)
115
Record for curing period in case of water curing as per specification shall be
maintained. Vehicles shall not be allowed on lining work.
Concrete shall be tested for workability (slump and air content), at B.M.
Plant & / or site, cubes shall be cast at site / B.M. Plant specified.
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Concrete shall be accepted as per the acceptance criteria laid down in the
relevant specification.
(v)
Cores from the hardened concrete shall be taken to check the thickness,
density, water absorption compressive strength etc.
(vi)
Necessary in-situ density test of green concrete shall be taken & recorded.
(vii)
Records to be maintained.
116
CHAPTER XVIII
PROCEDURE FOR EXECUTING R.C.C. WORK & CONCRETE
FOR STRUCTURES
(I)
General:
(i)
(ii)
The foundation or the concrete -surface of the structures shall have to cleared
of the objectionable matter before putting the concrete and shall be got
approved from competent authority.
(iii)
(iv)
Incase of earth foundation, all soft, loose mud and surface debris shall be
scrapped and removed. The surface shall be moistened to a depth of about 15
cm to prevent absorption of water from the fresh concrete.
(v)
In case of old concrete surface, the surface shall be clean, rough and damp
when receiving the next lift by scrapping, chipping or by other suitable
means.
(II)
Materials:
(A)
Cement:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Cement older than 90 days shall not be used without retesting & prior
approval of Engineer-in-Charge.
(iv)
117
(B)
Fine Aggregates:
(i)
Sand to be used shall be brought from the approved river shoal only.
It shall confirm to the requirement of IS: 383-1970 and other relevant
specifications.
(ii)
(C)
Coarse Aggregates:
(i)
Coarse aggregate for concrete shall be clean, hard, dense and free
from vegetation. It shall be confirming to IS: 383-1970 or the
Specifications concreted with the work. Predominantly flaky and
elongated aggregate shall not be used. Gravel / metal shall be brought
from only approved quarry and shall be tested for their gradation;
specific gravity, water absorption, impact and abrasion values,
soundness, spectrographic analysis, flakiness and elongation.
(ii)
(D)
Water:
Potable water free from any other deleterious or organic material shall be
used.
(E)
Reinforcing Steel:
H.Y.S.D. bars, M.S. bars or other structural steel confirming to relevant IS
shall be used as reinforcement. However, samples of such bars shall be
collected and got tested prior to their use as per the frequency specified in the
relevant specifications.
(III)
118
(ii)
(iii)
(IV)
(ii)
In case when chutes are used for concrete conveying, they shall be of
such size and shape as to ensure a steady uniform flow of concrete
without segregation.
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
119
(x)
(xi)
(V)
Form Work:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
120
(v)
(vi)
Formed surfaces shall have finish F1, F2, F3, or F4 as specified in the
relevant specification. Similarly unformed surfaces, i.e., U1, U2, U3
and finish U4 shall be in confirmity with relevant specifications.
Curing of Concrete:
(A)
Moist Curing:
(i)
Top surfaces of concrete shall be kept moistened by covering with wet jute
bags or by sprinkling water or by any other effective means.
(ii)
(iii)
Concrete cured with water shall be kept wet at least for 14 days when
ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is used.
(B)
Membrane Curing:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Record for test results consumption and coverage of curing compound shall
be maintained.
121
CHAPTER XIX
PROCEDURE FOR SHOT-CRETING AND GUNITING
I.
SHOT-CRETING
Specifications & Procedure of Application
1.
1.1
Sand: Well graded sand as per either of the following grading can be used.
Sieve Designation
Grading -III
10 mm
100
100
4.75 mm
90 100
90 100
2.36 mm
75 100
85 100
1.18 mm
55 90
75 100
600 micron
35 59
60 79
300 micron
8 30
12 40
150 micron
0 10
0 10
Coarse Aggregate:
The maximum size of coarse aggregate should be restricted to 10 mm. It
should be free from impurities, clay / shale particles, and confirm to the
requirements of impact, abrasion and crushing criteria (viz. less than 45 %)
and the soundness acceptance criteria (less than 12 % with sodium sulphate
method). It should have a specific gravity of not less than 2.6. The aggregate
should be well graded and should broadly confirm to the following grading.
122
1.3
Sieve Designation
12.5 mm
100
10 mm
85 100
4.75 mm
10 30
2.36 mm
0 10
1.18 mm
05
Water: Ordinary potable water with pH value not less than 6 and not more
than 8.5 will be used.
1.4
Chemical Additives:
The following additives be used in the concrete mix in the 'Dry Mix Process'
of shot creting.
Sodium Carbonate = kg per 50 kg bag of cement
Sodium Aluminate = kg per 50 kg bag of cement
Calcium Carbonate = 1 kg per 50 kg bag of cement
Total=2 kg per 50 kg bag of cement viz. 4% by weight of Cement
Air Supply:
123
1.6
Water supply:
The water pressure at the discharge nozzle should be sufficiently greater than the
operating air pressure to ensure that the water is intimately mixed with the other
material. Properly applied Shot -crete is a structurally adequate and durable material
capable of excellent bond with concrete as well as masonry,
1.7
The water-cement ratio should be maintained within the range of 0.40 to 0.50 by
mass. The mix should have a 28 day characteristic compressive strength of not less
than 200 kg / cm2 though strength of 250 kg / cm2 would be preferable. Normally the
following mix proportions would be adequate.
Cement = 450 kg / m3
Sand = 1100 kg / m3 (0.70 m3)
Coarse aggregate (5 mm -10 mm size) = 500 kg / m3 (0.30 m3)
Proportioning of mix = 1:2.44:1.11
1.8
1.
2.
3.
4.
Air water jet be applied for final clean up of the surface. Spray
pneumatically the first layer of shot-crete of about 38 mm thickness (hollow
pockets) will consume more shot-crete).
5.
6.
124
should be kept continuously wet (viz. cured) for at least 7 days. Alternately,
membrane -forming chemical curing compound be used for curing. A rebound of 25 % to 30 % would occur and the rebounded material is not to be
re-used in the shot -crete mix.
1.9
2.1.
Scope
These specifications cover, in general, all the materials, and the methods and
workmanship for providing a 50mm thick guniting on the upstream face of
masonry dam including preparation, providing and fixing reinforcement
fabric, placing gunite finishing and curing.
2.2
Materials
The cement shall be ordinary Portland cement confirming to IS: 8112- 1989
or IS: 12269-1987, for use in massive structures. The sand shall consist of
natural sand and shall be strong, hard, coarse, sharp, chemically inert, clean
and free from any coatings, organic or any other impurities that may impair
the strength or durability of the gunite mortar and shall confirm to IS: 15421960. It shall be well graded and particles shall range in size within the limits
as specified in the latest relevant IS Specifications. The Fineness Modulus
shall be between 2.4 to 2.8. The sand shall be screened and thoroughly
washed so as to remove all earthy impurities and shall be dry before being
used for the mix. The steel reinforcement where used, shall be of hard drawn
125
steel wire fabric of mesh size 150 mm x 150 mm formed of 3.15 mm dia.
steel wires, confirming to IS: 1566-1982. The mild steel rod to be used as
dowels or nails for anchoring the I.R.C. fabric shall confirm to IS: 432. The
steel shall be free from loose mild scale, rust, oil, grease and other
deleterious matter, before being placing in-situ. The water proofing
compound shall be of approved quality confirming to IS: 2645-1975. The
water for mixing the grout shall be clean and free from earth, organic matter,
acids and alkaline substances in solution or in suspension, with the turbidity
within permissible limits.
2.3.
2.4.
Fixing Reinforcement
10 mm dia. M.S. rods are to be securely fixed in masonry or concrete at 1m
intervals both horizontally and vertically to a minimum depth of 225 mm.
either by drilling holes or any other approved method. After the rods are
fixed, the hard drawn steel wire fabric reinforcement is to be securely tied to
these rods by using binding wire of approved quality. The minimum space of
20 mm, is to be maintained between the surface of the Dam and the fabric
reinforcement.
The adjacent sheets of wire fabric both horizontally and vertically shall be
lapped at least 150 mm and firmly tied together with the binding wire of
approved gauge. There should be at least 20 mm cover for the anchor rods.
Suitable additional anchor bars shall be provided at proper intervals, if
necessary, for taking the thickness of guniting work to be done.
126
2.5.
2.6.
Placing of Gunite
The equipment used for guniting shall be capable of discharging the sandcement mixture into the delivery hose under close control and it should
deliver a continuous smooth stream of uniformly mixed materials at the
proper velocity to the nozzle. The discharge nozzle shall be equipped with a
manually operated water injection system for directing an even distribution
of water through the sand-cement mixture. The water valve shall be capable
of ready adjustment to vary the quantity of water and shall be located
convenient to the nozzle operator. A nozzle velocity of about 150 m/sec is
preferable.
The required layer of gunite is to be built up by making several passes of the
nozzle over the working area. The gunite shall emerge from the nozzle in a
steady stream. If the flow becomes intermittent, the nozzle shall be directed
away from the face. The nozzle shall be held at a distance of about one meter
and shall be perpendicular to the application surface, except when guniting
through reinforcing bars, the nozzle shall be held close and at a slight angle
127
128
CHAPTER-XX
DETERMINATION OF FIELD MOISTURE AND DRY DENSITY
OF COMPACTED EARTH FILL
Name of Work: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
129
CHAPTER-XXI
DETERMINATION OF FIELD DENSITY BY SAND
REPLACEMENT METHOD
SCOPE:
The object of the test is to determine the dry density of natural or compacted soil, in
place, by the sand replacement method.
EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Metal tray with a central circular hole of diameter equal to the diameter of
pouring cone.
5)
6)
7)
8)
Clean closely graded natural sand passing the 600-micron IS sieve and
retained on the 300 micron IS sieve.
TEST PROCEDURE:
Determination of weight of Sand filling the cone
Fill clean closely graded sand in the sand pouring cylinder (SPC) up to a height of 1
cm below the top. Find the initial weight of cylinder plus sand (W1). This weight is
to be maintained constant throughout. Place the SPC on a flat surface and open the
shutter. When no movement of sand is observed close the shutter and find the weight
of SPC. The difference between these two gives weight of the sand in conical
portion.
Determination of bulk density of sand
Determine the volume of the calibrating container, Pour sand into the calibrating can
along with the conical portion. The difference in weights between W1 and weight of
130
SPC after filling the calibrating can gives the weight of sand in the calibrating can.
This weight of sand divided by volume of sand gives density of sand.
Determination of dry density of soil in-place
Clean the area of about 45 cm2 and place the metal tray over the area. Excavate the
soil equal to a depth of about the depth of the calibrating container and put it in the
tray and find the weight of the excavated soil. Fill the excavated hole with sand from
the SPC along with the conical portion. The difference in weights between W1 and
this weight gives the weight of sand in the cone. The volume of soil is found by
dividing the weight of sand in the excavated hole by the density of sand. The weight
of excavated soil divided by the volume of soil gives the density of soil. The dry
density is found from this wet density. Keep a representative soil for water content
determination.
Use this table for reports
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
l l.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Test Steps
Obtaining the unit weight of the sand used
Weight of Proctor mould, W1
Weight of proctor mould + Sand, W2
Volume of the mould, V1
Dry unit weight, d (sand) = (W2 W1) / V1
Calibration cone
Weight of plastic Gallon+Cone+Sand (before use), W3
Weight of plastic Gallon+Cone+Sand (after use), W4
Weight of the sand to fill the cone, Wc = W3-W4
Results from field tests
Weight of plastic Gallon+Cone+Sand (before use), W5
Weight of plastic Gallon+Cone+Sand (after use), W6
Volume of hole, V2 = (W5-W6-Wc)/ d (sand)
Weight of evaporating dish, W7
Weight of evaporating dish + wet soil from the field, W8
Weight of evaporating dish + dry soil after 24 hrs, W9
Moist unit weight of the soil in the field , t (in-situ soil) =
(W8 -W7) /V2
Water content in the field, w(%)=(W8 W9) / W9W7)*100
Dry unit weight in the field, d (in-situ soil)= [t (Row 14)]
/ [1+w(%) / 100]
131
Quantity
0.00095 m3
CHAPTER-XXII
CHECK LIST FOR QUALITY CONTROL UNIT
GOVERNMENT OF RAJASTHAN
WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
Name of work
Name of Division
Name of Sub division
Name & Designation of the Execution staff available at site
Date of Inspection
Brief description of work in progress during inspection
Observation and comments of Inspection officer
S.No.
Check points
Observation
A. GENERAL
1.
2.
3.
4.
Density Register
132
5.
DBD set
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
133
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
134
provided.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
135
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
136
F. MASONRY WORK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
137
agreement).
5.
1.
2.
Silt contents,
Gradation
Gravels
Masonry
Stones
Size, Water
absorption
Coarse
Aggregate
Gradation, Silt
contents
Steel
Diameter of bars,
corrosion.
Bricks
Field Officer/Official
Inspecting Officer
138
ANNEXURE 1
SKETCH SHOWING ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITY MATRIX
OWNER G.O.R.
Set the tone for Quality
Construction
Set organization of
quality control team.
PROJECT
CONSTRUCTION
TEAM
Organise for
construction
supervision
PROJECT
Q.C./ Q.A.
TEAM
Organise for QC/
AC supervision
Implement OK
Card System
meticulously.
139
CONTRACTOR
Adopt Means and
methods of
construction to
ensure progress
with quality.
Maintain proper
Construction
sequence and
scheduling.
Acquaint fully
with technical
specifications in
the contract
documents and
implement strictly.
To engage requisite
engineering staff to
ensure
implementation of
contract
specifications and
works.
Ensure conducting
of sampling and
testing of inputs
and outputs as per
IS-specified
frequency.
Maintain site
safety, first aid, and
house keeping.
Strict compliance
of technical
specifications.
OWNER G.O.R.
PROJECT
CONSTRUCTION
TEAM
Approve training
Conduct regular
programme for
progress & quality
construction supervision review meetings with
and quality control
contractor.
personnel on QC/AC
aspects
Ensure that QC labs are Involve Geologist on
manned by competent
geo technical
personnel well versed in problems.
conducting tests on
inputs/outputs and that
tests are reliable.
PROJECT
Q.C./ Q.A.
TEAM
Acquaint fully
with testing
procedures and
standards.
Communication
and feed back of
deficient quality
work be very
prompt, work be
stopped, if
necessary (and
construction team
informed for
violation of
specified
procedures by
contractor.
CONTRACTOR
Filling of OK
Cards and
presenting to
construction staff.
Planning and
deployment of
construction plant
and equipment
consistent with
progress & quality.
Ensure regular
payment to the
contractor for works
done.
Ensure preparation of
"as built drawing" as
work proceeds.
140
Fulfilling contract
commitments
competently and
faithfully;
performing on
schedule.
141
142
ANNEXURE-III
143
144
145
ANNEXURE V-A
146
ANNEXURE V-B
147
ANNEXURE - VI
148
ANNEXURE - VII
ANNEXURE-VIII
149
Slump
W/C ratio
Reach
150
Density of
Thickness
Indicated Compressive
Chainage &
standard
of lining Density of
compressive strength after
S.No. Location of Test
specimen
exhibited by core gm/cc
strength of
correction
core bed/ Slope
prepared in
core (cm)
core kg/cm2
kg/cm2
Laboratory
Name of Canal
Type of
Curing
water of
curing
compound
ANNEXURE IX
Water
absorption
%
10
Alkali
reactivity test
results of
representative
sample
11
Remarks
ANNEXURE X
ILLUSTRATION OF PREPARATION OF CONTROL CHARTS
FOR CEMENT AND CONCRETE
A.
1.
2.
The target average strength and control limits can be estimated depending on
the percentage of test values permitted to fall below the specified or
"characteristic" strength fsp in terms of the standard deviation (or
coefficient of variation Cv) corresponding to the degree of control aimed at.
The target average strength (TAV) is worked out as.
Fsp + 0.84 for mass concrete
and fsp + 1.65 for structural concrete confirming to IS:456.
151
3. The standard deviation is that is what is assumed for mix design. For mass
concrete, coefficient of variation Cv is assumed as 15% and the target
average strength is 160 + 0.84
Then = Cv = 15%
Solving,
= 27.5 kg/cm2
= 150 + 0.84x6
= 160 + 0.84 x 27.5
= 182 kg/cm2
= 183 + 0.84 (TAV+0.84)
= 206 kg/cm2
Lower warning limit (LWL)
= 183 + 3 x 27.5
= 265 kg / cm2
= 183 3
The control charts, incorporating these limits are exhibited in plates 1A and 2A.
The lower action limit (LAL) shall, in no case, be lower than the absolute minimum
strength wherever specified, IS: 456-1978 specifies on over riding absolute
minimum of 0.8 times the characteristic concrete strength.
4.
B.
1.
152
The Master Chart, Moving Average Strength Chart, and the Range Chart
(range between the maximum and minimum 5 consecutive tests) are depicted
in Plate 1B, Plate 2B, and Plate 3B respectively.
Target Av. Strength
= 45 kg / cm2
= 8%
= 450 x 8% = 36 kg / cm2
= 450 1.65 x
= 450 1.65 x 36
= 509 kg/cm2
= 450 1.65 x 36
= 391 kg/cm2
= 450 3 x 6
= 450 + 3 x 36
= 558 kg/cm2
= 450 3 x 26
= 342 kg/cm2
The lower action limit (LAL) should in no case to lower than the minimum specified
strength in IS specifications IS: 269 or IS: 1469 (330 kg/cm2 at 28 days)
The control charts incorporating these limits are exhibited in plate 1B and 2B.
5.
=dx
d = coefficient depending upon the no. of tests considered for obtaining the
range; and for consecutive tests, d = 2.326
= 2,326 x 36 = 84 kg/cm2
The control chart of cement test ranges (between maximum and minimum of 5
consecutive tests), depicting the mean sample range (84 kg/cm2) as well, is shown in
Plate 3B.
153
TABLE A
ILLUSTRATIVE DATA AND ITS ANALYSIS FOR SETTING UP
CONTROL CHARTS OF CONCRETE STRENGTHS (Mass Concrete)
Location on
Test value
Moving
Range bet.
x-axis of
"T" (Mean age. of "T"
Strength of individual Companion
max. & min.
chart S.No.
of a, b & c)
(Five
Specimens
5 consecutive
/ Date of
(X)
consecutive
tests
2
Sample
(Kg/cm )
tests)
a
b
c
Comp. Strength at 28 days (kg/cm2)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
191
193
195
193
2
181
185
186
184
3
183
188
187
186
4
198
195
192
195
5
166
173
171
170
185.6
25
6
177
176
172
175
182.0
25
7
150
146
148
148
174.8
47
8
187
191
192
190
175.6
47
9
214
211
211
212
179.0
64
10
212
217
216
215
188.0
67
11
232
231
227
230
199.0
82
12
218
218
224
220
213.4
40
13
192
194
190
192
213.8
38
14
181
182
177
180
207.4
50
15
190
192
194
192
202.8
50
16
198
199
194
197
196.2
40
17
197
197
200
198
191.8
18
18
180
183
183
182
189.8
18
19
190
191
195
192
192.2
16
20
197
198
190
195
192.8
16
21
187
189
194
190
191.4
16
22
197
188
191
192
190.2
13
23
240
244
236
240
201.8
50
24
208
208
214
210
205.4
50
25
155
150
151
152
196.8
88
26
152
147
145
148
188.4
92
27
168
166
161
165
183.0
92
28
193
198
200
197
174.4
62
29
222
214
215
217
175.8
69
30
187
188
195
190
183.4
69
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
(X-X)2 =
8
1.96
57.76
31.36
11.56
466.56
275.56
1900.96
2.56
416.16
547.56
1474.56
806.56
1.60
134.56
1.60
29.16
40.96
92.16
1.60
11.56
2.56
1.60
2342.56
338.56
1568.16
1900.56
707.56
29.16
237.16
2.56
N (No. of sample)
= 30
X (Av. Strength)
= 191.6 (Av. of Column 5 viz. 5747/30)
Sd ()
= 21.52 kg/cm2 Total of column = 13437.16
COV (Cv)
= 11.23% (X-X)2 =
Percentage of sample
= 90% SD () = 13437.16 / N-1
Passing (viz. Comp. Strength more than fsp of 160 x kg/cm2) = 21.52 kg/cm2
NOTE: The data listed are hypothetical and in arbitrary units and are meant only to illustrate
their analysis for incorporation in control charts.
*
Conc. Grade A 150 S160
*
Cement level 170 kg/m3
*
Specified strength 160 kg/cm2 (fsp)
154
TABLE B
ILLUSTRATIVE DATA AND ITS ANALYSIS FOR SETTING UP
CONTROL CHARTS OF CEMENT STRENGTHS
Minimum 28 days strength as per IS: 269 = 330 kg/cm2
Location on
Comp.
x-axis of
Strength @
chart S.No./ 28 days three
Date of
individual
Sample
specimens
1
2
1
500
2
450
3
500
4
550
5
415
6
430
7
400
8
405
9
440
10
465
11
445
12
450
13
505
14
500
15
465
16
445
17
465
18
430
19
445
20
410
21
490
22
450
23
450
24
470
25
475
26
450
27
460
28
450
29
470
30
490
31
471
Average of 4, 5 and 6
3
490
430
480
555
430
430
390
425
445
435
435
410
495
495
450
465
490
445
455
430
510
450
435
460
470
465
450
450
470
490
475
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
N
=
31
X
=
459
Sd ()
=
30.49
Cov (Cv)
4
495
425
490
545
415
430
395
445
450
435
440
430
490
490
450
455
485
445
465
420
485
465
450
465
465
465
440
450
470
490
480
5
495
435
490
550
420
430
395
425
445
445
440
430
490
490
455
455
480
440
455
420
495
455
445
465
470
460
450
450
470
490
475
Range bet.
Moving Avg.
Max. & min.
of 5
of 5
consecutive
consecutive
Test Results
Test Results
6
7
478
130
465
130
457
155
444
155
423
50
428
50
430
50
437
20
462
70
462
70
464
70
467
70
477
45
465
55
457
40
450
60
458
75
453
75
454
75
456
75
466
50
459
25
458
25
459
20
460
20
464
40
467
40
155
6.65%
156
157
PLATE 3B
APPENDIX-2
158
PLATE 2 A
APPENDIX-2
159
APPENDIX-3
PROFORMA
Test Results of Cement Samples
Name of Factory
Tested at ______________________ Laboratory
ReS.No.
Particulars
3 days (kg/cm2)
7 days (kg/cm2)
28 days (kg/cm2)
10
160
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Remarks
ANNEXURE XI
IS: 516 - 1659
161
ANNEXURE XII
STATEMENT SHOWING CAPACITY OF PAVER AND MECHANICAL
TRIMMER
Paver Type
Rated Output On
Bed Lining
SL-750 x (heavier
version)
40m3/hr
(or
400m2/hr) for
10cm thick lining
Mechanical Trimmer
Type
Gomaco SL 450 T
Slope Lining
10m3/hr
Bed Lining
10m3/hr
Slope Lining
7.5m3/hr
30m3/hr
(or 22m3/hr
(or
2
300m /hr) for
220m2/hr) for
10cm thick lining 10cm thick
lining
15m3/hr
(or 150m2/hr) for
10cm thick lining
162
ANNEXURE XIII
GOVERNMENT OF RAJASTHAN
IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT
No. F. 30 (14) Irrigation / 96
Dated: 04.11.96
To,
Chief Engineer, Irrigation, Rajasthan / Chief Engineer (Headquarters) / Chief Engineer,
Bisalpur / Chief Engineer ,IDR / Chief Engineer, Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project, Banswara / Chief
Project Director, Sidhmukh Nohar Project / Chief Engineer, Irrigation, North, Hanumangarh.
Additional Chief Engineer, Irrigation Department, Jaipur / Jodhpur / Kota / Udaipur, Director,
IMTI, Kota.
All Superintending Engineers /All Executive Engineers /All Assistant Engineers /All Junior
Engineers, Irrigation Department.
ORDER
In pursuance of the directions issued by the State Government, a committee of officers had
been constituted vide orders of the Chief Engineer, Irrigation. Rajasthan No. 2402 dated
7.8.96 for determination of the norms of inspection of irrigation works by the officers and
staff of the Department. The committee was directed to give its recommendations in this
regard with reference to various categories of works such as maintenance works, construction
works, quality control etc. The report of the committee dated 16.10.96 has been received by
the State Government and has been duly considered. On the basis of these recommendations,
the State Government hereby determines the norms for inspection of all categories of
irrigation works by officers and staff of the Irrigation Department as per details attached
herewith.
Annexure-I determines the norms for inspection by Engineers of the Department having only
maintenance (and no construction works) under their charge. Part A of this annexure deals
with tank irrigation projects and part-B with large canal systems such as Gang, Bhakra, IGNP,
Mahi, Gurgaon and Jawai Canal systems.
Annexure-II determines the norms for inspection and supervision of works by officers and
staff of the Irrigation Department having either construction works (or no maintenance works)
or, having both construction and maintenance works under their respective charge.
Annexure-III determines the norms for the Quality Control units of the Irrigation Departments
and the guidelines to be followed by them.
The assessment of the performance of the officers and staff of the Department in the annual
performance appraisal forms shall be based on the achievement of the norms and determined
by these orders. All officers and staff of the Department are hereby directed to adhere to the
norms as determined herein. It is also reiterated that during such tours and inspections, the
officers and staff concerned shall record their notes in the inspection registers maintained at
each site for which directions have already been issued separately.
C.K. Methew
Secretary to Government
Irrigation Department
Encl.: a/a.
163
Annexure-III
NORMS OF INSPECTION FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF CONSTRUCTION
WORKS
S.No.
Post
Norms
1.
Junior Engineer
2.
Assistant Engineer
3.
Executive Engineer
Notes:
1.
Quality Control Units shall examine all construction works having estimated cost of
more than Rs. 5.00 lakhs. In addition, specific works with lesser estimate shall also be
inspected by the Quality Control Units when directed to do so.
2.
For works costing more than Rs. 25 lakhs, preliminary laboratory testing as per I.S.S.
for all important construction materials such as cement ,steel, rubber seals, bearings,
copper seals, stone aggregate, sand, lime ,bricks etc. should be done for each source
by Quality Control Units before use for which adequate time should be given.
3.
Ultimate responsibility for quality of works as per specification should rest with the
concerned executing staff. However, the quality control unit shall conduct intensive
inspections after preliminary tests in order to assist in achieving the proper quality of
construction works.
4.
The quality control personnel shall also exercise overall vigilance on all construction
activities; however, they need not comment if the measurements are within acceptable
tolerance limits. The decision of the Executive Engineer in charge of executing the
work as regards measurements shall prevail.
5.
The Executive Engineer, Quality Control may stop the execution of any substandard
work for recorded reasons. However, the decision on the continuation or otherwise of
the work concerned shall be taken by the Superintending Engineer in charge of the
construction works where the cost of a work is upto Rs. 25 lakhs. In case of a work
costing more than Rs. 25 lakhs, the decision of the concerned Additional Chief
Engineer, Irrigation shall be considered final.
Secretary to Government
Irrigation Department,
Rajasthan.
164
ANNEXURE XIV
GOVERNMENT OF RAJASTHAN
WATER RESOURCES, PHED, GWD & IGN DEPTTS
No. F1 ( )/PS/WR-PHED-GWD-IGNB/2010
To,
1.
2.
Sub.:
Sir,
Your kind attention is invited to Annexure III of order No. F. 30(14) Irrigation/96
dated 04.11.96 vide which inspection norms were prescribed for the officers posted in the QC
Wing.
The incidents of breaches in Gardada and some other darns in previous few years
indicate that the QC Wing has not been able to exercise requisite quality control checks. Had
the inspection of the works been carried out thoroughly as per norms, such losses were
available. Government has taken it seriously.
It is now decided that close monitoring of the inspections carried out would be done
at Government level. Please take the following action immediately:
1)
Depending upon the number of ongoing works, annual inspection norms should be
worked out for each division and target be clearly prescribed.
2)
3)
Monthly progress report in the enclosed format (Form III) would be sent by you to Pr.
Secretary, WR by 10th of each month.
165
You would also ensure that those officers who fail to carry out the inspections as per
norms are strictly dealt with. The CE (QC) and ACE (QC & Vigilance), IGNP & SE (QC)
would also carry out inspections of work as follows:CE QC
SE (QC)
166
AEN
4.
iv.
No.
Posted
No. of
Ongoing
Constructio
n works
above Rs. 5
lacs in the
jurisdiction
No. of
notes of
which
complia
nce
made
No. of
Inspection
Notes
issued
Status of inspection
note / compliance
made
Progress of
inspections
done
10
No. of
works
instructe
d to be
stopped
due to
poor
quality
11
No. of
works
actually
stopped
12
No. of works
where
competent
authority has
given direction
to start the
work
13
As per
norms
14
Established
Status of laboratory at
site
167
15
Whether report
submitted to
next higher
officer? (Y/N)
T - Annual Target.
A - Achievement (up to the reporting months).
Where more than one inspecting officer exist, the annual target would be = No. of officials / officers actually working x the annual target prescribed vide
Annexure - III of order dated 04.11.96.
Total number means total number existing in the district.
XEN
3.
i.
ii.
iii.
SE
2.
Designation
of the
inspecting
officer
CE/ACE
Name of the
Zone/Circle/
Division
S. No.
FORM-III
168
169
170
171
172
173
174