METABOLISM

ExplainthefactorsthataffectBMR
Whathormonesaresecretedfromthepancreas?Whatistheirrole?
Peptidesthataffectappetite
o Releasedfrom?
o Increase/decrease?
FEDstate
o Dominatehormone?
Whatcausesitsrelease?
Whereisitreleased?(Specifically,whichcells?)
Howdoesitaffectglucosetransport?
o Describetheanaboliceffects
FASTEDstate
o Dominatehormone?
Whatcausesitsrelease?
Whereisitreleased?
Howdoesitaffectglucosetransport?
o Describethecataboliceffectsin:
Liver
Adiposetissue
Brain
Muscle
o Gluconeogenesisthroughbetaoxidation
Type1Diabetes
o Cause
o Symptoms
o Roleofinsulin,glucagon
Type2Diabetes
o Cause
o Symptoms
o Roleofinsulin,glucagon
o Metabolicsyndrome
o Treatment
DIGESTION
Explainthefunctionsofthepancreasandliver
Explainthedigestionandabsorptionofthemacromolecules,water,andvitamins
Describetheendocrineandneuralmechanismsthatallowcoordinationamongorgan
systemsandprocesses
4functionsofthedigestivesystem
o Where?Bywhatchemicals?
4processesofthedigestivesystem
Theliver
o Functions
o Functionofgallbladderandbileducts
Gallbladder

Commonhepaticduct
Hepaticartery
Hepaticportalvein
SphincterofOddi
o Hepaticportalsystem
o WhatisabsorbedfromGItractviathehepaticportalvein?(4things)
o Whatissecretedintotheduodenumviathebileduct?(4things)
o Metabolitesanddrugsfromperipheryviahepaticartery(4things)
o Metabolitestoperiphery(5things)
Absorptioninsmallintestine
o Carbs
o Proteins
o Fats
o Vitamins
3Phasesoffoodprocessing
o Cephalic
Longreflexesvs.shortreflexes
o Gastric
Chemicalandmechanicaldigestion
Secretorycellsofthegastricmucosasubstancessecreted,stimulusfor
release,functionofsecretion
Mucousneckcell(2)
Parietalcells(2)
Enterochromaffinlikecell(1)
Chiefcells(2)
Dcells(1)
Gcells(1)
o Intestinal
Feedbackeffects?Feedforwardeffects?
Endocrinepeptidesthatregulatedigestion:
Gastrin
CCK
Secretin
GIP
GLP
Motilin
ImmunefunctionsoftheGItract
o WhatareMcells?Whatdotheydo?
o Whatarethe3responsestoharmfulcontents?
o Describevomiting

ENDOCRINEMETABOLISM
Adrenalgland
o Cortexvs.Medulla
o Cortisolfunctions,roleinMondayMorningMI?
o Hypocortisolism

Causes(knowdifferencebetweenprimaryandsecondary)
Symptoms
o Hypercortisolism
Causes
Symptoms
Thethyroidgland
o ProducesT3/T4(knowdifferencebetweenthesetwo)
o Knowpathwayofthyroidhormoneproduction
o Describethepathologies
Bonedevelopment
o Undertheinfluenceofwhathormone(s)?
o Nameandfunctionsofthefourmajortypesofcellsinbones
o Threedistinctpartsoflongbones
o Linearvs.diameterbonegrowth
o Boneremodeling(resorption)
Whichcellsareresponsibleforthis?
Calciumhomeostasis
o Knowtheroles,wheretheyactat,andthereleasesitesof:
PTH
Calcitonin
VitaminDCalcitriol