Q. What is chromosomal theory of inheritance?

Give strong experimental evidence in

support of this theory.
Ans: Chromosomal theory of inheritance states that the genes have specific loci on
chromosomes.
Composition of Chromosome:
DNA is present in the nucleus in the form of
chromosomes.Chromosome are made up of the nucleosomes.As a result of folding and coiling
and super coiling of the nucleosomes,chromosomes are formd.These nucleosomes are made up
of DNA.
Presence Of Genes On Chromosomes:
On DNA there is the specific sequence of the genes so the
genes are present on the DNA.
Expression of Chromosomes:
Chromoseme exhibit their behaviour according to the law of
independent assortment and law of segregation given by Mendel.
Work in 20th Century On Mendels Laws:
Scientists of the begining of the 20th century
started to study to know wheather the alleles which are present on the chromosomnes they
separate according to the laws given by mendel. The law of segregation and independent
assortment.
In the begining of the 20 th century
geneticist started to study the parallels between the behaviours of the genes and the behaviour of
the chromosomes. Alleles are present on the chromosomes which sepaprate during the process of
meiosis.It means that the alleles will also separate because each gene consists of two alleles and
the alleles are present on the chromosomes and during meiosis chromosome segregate then
alleles will also segregate.While during the process of fertilization there is the restoration of the
alleles where both the alleles come to gether as the homologous chromosomes come together in
the form of fertilization.
Work Of T.H.Morgan:
The first evidence that the genes are located on the chromosomes was
provided by T.H Morgan who proved with the help of experiments that the red eye colour of the
drosophila linked to the sex of drosophilla.
Experiment of T.H.Morgan on Fruit fly:
T.H.Morgan worked on fruit fly on eye colour.
During his experiment he made cross between wild red eyed female Drosophilla melanogaster
and mutant white eyed male flyes.
In F1 generation he found that there were all red eyed flies it mean that the red colour was
domonent over the white colour.
RR X rr

l
Rr
Then he made a cross between the flies of F1 generation and found that the ratio was 3:1 and the
white flies were only male flies.He proved with the help of experiment that the genes of red eye
color is present on X chromosome.

Home of gene:
Gene locus is present on sister chromatids.One allele is present on one
homology and other allele is present on other homology of the chromatids.
No of alleles for gene:
These are different alleles of the gene &there will be combination of
different types of alleles.Differnt alleles may be present for the same gene because there are
some genes which has 2 alleles while some genes that have more than 2 alleles. In this way there
will be combination of different types of alleles.
Conclusion:
we can conclude that the chromosomal theory states that the genes which are also
called the factors of the mendal are present on the chromosomes.