Endometriosis of ovary

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Endometriosis of ovary

Transvaginal ultrasonography showing a 67 x 40 mm endometrioma as

distinguished from other types of ovarian cysts by a somewhat grainy
and not completely anechoic content.

Classification and external resources

Specialty

urology

ICD-10

N80.1

ICD-9-CM

617.1

[edit on Wikidata]

An endometrioma, endometrioid cyst, endometrial cyst, or chocolate cyst of ovary is a

condition related to endometriosis.
Contents
[hide]

1Pathophysiology

2Treatment
o

2.1Medication

2.2Surgery

3References

Pathophysiology[edit]

Endoscopic image of a rupturedchocolate cyst in left ovary.

It is caused by endometriosis,[1] and formed when a tiny patch of endometrial tissue (the mucous
membrane that makes up the inner layer of the uterine wall) bleeds, sloughs off, becomes
transplanted, and grows and enlarges inside the ovaries. As the blood builds up over months and
years, it turns brown. When it ruptures, the material spills over into the pelvis and onto the surface of
the uterus, bladder, bowel, and the corresponding spaces between.

Treatment[edit]
Treatment for endometriosis can be medical or surgical.

Medication[edit]
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used first in patients with pelvic pain,
particularly if the diagnosis of endometriosis has not been definitively (excision and biopsy)
established. The goal of directed medical treatment is to achieve ananovulatory state. Typically, this
is achieved initially using hormonal contraception. This can also be accomplished with progestational
agents (i.e., medroxyprogesterone acetate), danazol, gestrinone, or gonadotropin-releasing
hormone agonists (GnRH), as well as other less well-known agents. These agents are generally
used if oral contraceptives and NSAIDs are ineffective. GnRH can be combined
withestrogen and progestogen (add-back therapy) without loss of efficacy but with fewer
hypoestrogenic symptoms. These medications are often ineffective in treating endometriomas and
any relief is short lived while taking the medications. Hormonal treatment has a large number of
sometimes permanent side effects, such as hot flushes, loss of bone mass, deepening of voice,
weight gain, and facial hair growth.

Surgery[edit]
Laparoscopic surgical approaches include excision of ovarian adhesions and of endometriomas.
Endometriomas frequently require surgical removal and excision is considered to be far superior in
terms of permanent removal of the disease and pain relief. Surgery can sometimes have the effect
of improving fertility but can have the adverse effect of leading to increases in cycle day 2 or 3 FSH
for many patients.[citation needed] Laser surgery and cauterization are considered to be far less effective and
only burn the top layer of endometrial tissue, allowing for the endometrioma and endometriosis to
grow back quickly. Likewise, endometrioma drainage or sclerotherapy are somewhat controversial
technique for removing endometriomas with varied degrees of success. Conservative surgery can
be performed to preserve fertility in younger patients but as earlier stated can have the effect of

raising FSH values and making the ovaries less productive, especially if functional ovarian tissue is
removed in the surgical process.[citation needed] Operative laparoscopic surgery can provide pain relief and
improved fertility. Radical surgical options could include singular or bilateral oophorectomy. [2][3]

References[edit]
1.

Jump up^ "Female Genital Pathology". Retrieved 2009-05-12.

2.

Jump up^ "What You Need To Know About Ovarian Cysts, Common
Types". HealthCentral.

3.

Jump up^ Endometrioma/Endometriosis at eMedicine

[hide]

Female diseases of the pelvis and genitals (N70N99, 6146

Endometriosis of ovary
Female infertility
Anovulation
Poor ovarian reserve
Mittelschmerz
Oophoritis
Ovary

Ovarian apoplexy
Ovarian cyst
Corpus luteum cyst

Internal

Follicular cyst of ovary

Adnexa

Theca lutein cyst

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Ovarian torsion

Female infertility
Fallopian tube obstruction
Fallopian tube

Hematosalpinx
Hydrosalpinx
Salpingitis

Asherman's syndrome
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial polyp
Endometriosis
Endometritis

flow
Amenorrhoea
Hypomenorrhea
Oligomenorrhea

Endometrium
pain

Dysmenorrhea

menstruation

PMS
timing
Menometrorrhagia
Uterus

Menorrhagia
Metrorrhagia

Female infertility
Recurrent miscarriage

Myometrium

Adenomyosis

Parametrium

Parametritis

Cervix

Cervical dysplasia
Cervical incompetence
Cervical polyp
Cervicitis
Female infertility

Cervical stenosis
Nabothian cyst

Hematometra / Pyometra

General

Retroverted uterus

Hematocolpos / Hydrocolpos
Leukorrhea / Vaginal discharge
Vaginitis
Atrophic vaginitis
Bacterial vaginosis
Candidal vulvovaginitis

Dyspareunia
Sexual dysfunction

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Sexual arousal disorder
Vaginismus

Vagina
Fistulae
Rectovaginal
Vesicovaginal
Prolapse
Cystocele
Enterocele
Rectocele
Sigmoidocele
Urethrocele

Vaginal bleeding

Other / general

Pelvic congestion syndrome

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Bartholin's cyst
Kraurosis vulvae
Vulva

Vestibular papillomatosis
Vulvitis

External

Vulvodynia

Clitoral hood or Clitoris

Clitoral phimosis
Clitorism

Index of reproductive medicine

Anatomy
male
female
Description

Physiology
menstrual cycle
Development
sex determination and differentiation

Disease

Infections
STD and STI
Congenital
male
female
Neoplasms and cancer
male
female
gonadal
germ cell

Other
male
female
Symptoms and signs

Procedures
male
female
Drugs
benign prostatic hypertrophy
erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation
sexual dysfunction
infection
STDs

Treatment

hormones
androgens
estrogens
progestogens
GnRH
prolactin
Assisted reproduction
Birth control
hormonal

Categories:

Noninflammatory disorders of female genital tract

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This page was last modified on 5 January 2015, at 17:21.

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